Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Bridge Design
Prepared for
Albus Dumbledore, CEO, Gryffindor Housing Co.
Prepared by
Viet Tran, CEO, Tran Mechanics
ran
echanics
Tran Mechanics
678 Evergreen Ter
Oklahoma City, OK 73099
(405) 555-6849
Viet@tranmechanics.com
June 7, 2015
Executive Summary
On
July
23,
2015
Tran
Mechanics
was
contracted
to
ideate
and
design
a
bridge
for
Gryffindors
new
housing
and
community
development
on
Slytherin
Lane
in
Yukon,
Oklahoma.
In
an
effort
to
add
a
touch
of
beauty
to
the
community,
Gryffindor
constructed
two
large
ponds
with
a
small
river
flowing
from
each
one.
These
rivers
created
obstructions,
which
have
disabled
pedestrians
to
cross
from
one
side
to
the
other.
In
order
to
complete
its
housing
development
and
remain
cost
effective,
Gryffindor
requested
proposals
for
a
bridge
design
from
the
countrys
most
innovative
engineering
firms.
Gryffindor
Housing
Co.
required
that
the
design
of
the
bridge
addressed
and
solved
the
issues
listed
below:
They must span the four feet width of the rivers of the neighborhood.
The length must also account for possible erosion of the riverbanks.
The
width
of
the
bridge
should
allow
three
average
adults
to
walk
comfortably
side-
by-side.
The
work
that
was
completed
in
order
to
meet
the
demands
of
the
bridge
specifications
is
broken
down
into
the
phases
below:
Tran
Mechanics
was
able
to
successfully
complete
the
tasks
listed
above
ahead
of
schedule
on
June
5,
2015
with
a
total
cost
of
$3,250.
We
were
able
to
complete
the
project
with
great
efficiency
by
not
only
finishing
two
days
ahead
of
schedule
but
also
decreasing
the
overall
cost
by
$450.
Payment
was
received
in
full
as
soon
as
the
project
was
complete
on
June
7,
2015
from
Gryffindor
Housing
Co.
Introduction
On
July
22,
2015,
Gryffindor
Housing
Co.
awarded
Tran
Mechanics
the
contract
to
ideate
and
design
a
bridge
for
its
new
housing
and
community
development
on
Slytherin
Lane.
Tran
Mechanics
began
working
hard
on
the
project
on
July
24,
2015
in
order
to
deliver
exemplary
results.
This
allowed
us
to
not
only
complete
the
project
ahead
of
schedule,
but
also
allowed
us
to
decrease
the
overall
expenses.
Tran
Mechanics
researched
and
designed
a
bridge
that
met
and
exceeded
the
specifications
as
requested
by
Gryffindor
Housing
Co.
Through
advanced
research
and
development
methods,
we
found
that
an
amalgamate
of
cold-forged
steel
and
an
alloy
of
wrought
iron
and
aluminum
was
the
perfect
material
for
this
project.
The
strength
and
durability
of
this
amalgamate
was
tested
using
ASTM
testing
standards
and
plotted
on
an
S-N
curve.
From
this
information,
we
designed
a
bridge
that
was
similar
to
the
Pratt
design.
Our
research
revealed
that
by
adding
additional
beams
to
the
trusses,
the
strength
of
the
overall
design
was
significantly
enhanced.
Methods
In
order
to
provide
Gryffindor
with
the
most
innovative
and
cost
effective
bridge
design
possible
for
its
housing
development,
we
produced
a
four-phase
plan
to
deliver
one
that
surpasses
its
guidelines
and
expectations.
This
is
a
culmination
of
research,
design,
and
testing
in
our
advanced
facility.
Phase
1:
Research
Tran
Mechanics
conducted
extensive
research
beyond
its
own
scope
of
experience
to
ensure
Gryffindor
receives
the
industry-leading
design.
Not
only
did
we
research
for
the
perfect
design
of
the
bridge,
we
also
discovered
the
optimal
material
to
use
that
save
money
and
is
durable
under
applied
loads.
Using
SolidWorks,
an
industry
standard
modeling
software,
we
modeled
several
designs
and
found
which
works
best.
We
also
found
the
different
materials
yield
strength,
tensile
strength,
and
also
its
rigidity
and
toughness.
(1)
(2)
The
Youngs
modulus
of
a
material
can
be
found
by
combining
the
two
equations,
giving
the
following:
!
!/!
= ! = !!/!
(3)
And
finally
the
force
of
each
member
can
be
determined
by
manipulating
Eq.
3,
giving
the
following:
!"!!
!!
(4)
= extensional strain
= Youngs modulus
= force
A = area
L = length
Phase
2:
Design
based
on
research
Several
industry
leading
bridge
designs
were
researched
and
analyzed
such
as
the
Parker
and
Howe
bridge
designs,
and
were
determined
to
be
insufficient
in
strength.
The
design
of
this
bridge
was
created
with
inspiration
from
the
Pratt
Bridge.
From
this
current
design,
Results
From
the
research
that
we
conducted,
we
were
able
to
conclude
that
an
amalgamate
of
cold-forged
steel
and
an
alloy
of
wrought
iron
and
aluminum
was
the
perfect
material
for
this
project.
The
material
properties
were
calculated
and
found
to
be
as
follows:
Table
1:
Comparison
of
Material
Strengths
Amalgamate
AISI
Steel
Material
Property
Strength
Material
Property
Tensile
Stress
()
4,400
psi
Tensile
Stress
()
Extensional
Strain
()
2.54
Extensional
Strain
()
Youngs
Modulus
()
3.55
Youngs
Modulus
()
Strength
2,600
psi
1.45
2.31
Figure
2:
Final
Design
Based
on
Research
From
our
1:1
scale
testing
with
repeated
loading,
we
were
able
to
plot
the
S-N
curve
for
the
bridge
design
with
the
amalgamate
as
the
material.
The
curve
was
plotted
with
the
original
Pratt
design
made
with
AISI
steel.
The
results
are
shown
below
in
Figure
3.
Figure
3:
S-N
curve
showing
stress
vs.
cycles
Conclusions
Based
on
our
research,
we
discovered
that
the
amalgamate
of
cold-forged
steel
and
an
alloy
of
wrought
iron
and
aluminum
was
able
to
withstand
a
tensile
stress
of
4,400
psi,
where
the
AISI
steel
was
only
able
to
withstand
a
tensile
stress
of
2,600
psi.
This
was
about
a
60%
increase
in
strength
over
the
steel,
a
traditionally
used
metal
for
bridges.
The
amalgamate
also
had
an
extensional
strain
of
2.54.
This
was
57%
increase
over
the
extensional
strain
of
AISI
steel.
Lastly,
the
amalgamate
had
a
Youngs
Modulus
of
3.55,
which
was
a
65%
increase
over
the
AISI
steel.
For
the
final
bridge
design,
we
chose
to
improve
upon
the
design
of
the
Pratt
Bridge.
From
our
research,
we
found
this
design
to
be
the
most
efficient
at
distributing
the
loads
across
all
of
its
members.
However,
the
strength
was
not
entirely
suitable.
From
these
results,
we
were
able
to
include
our
own
idea
into
this
design
with
the
addition
of
additional
members.
We
included
sway
bracing
to
the
top
and
also
bracing
to
the
portal
struts.
This
dramatically
increased
the
strength
of
the
bridge.
From
our
testing,
we
were
able
to
plot
the
continuously
loaded
weight
on
the
newly
designed
bridge
versus
the
number
of
cycles.
From
the
results,
we
found
that
the
bridge
Recommendations
From
the
project
conducted,
it
was
concluded
that
the
design
of
Tran
Mechanics
bridge
effectively
and
efficiently
caters
to
the
needs
of
Gryffindors
specifications.
It
is
recommended
that
this
design
be
implemented
into
their
housing
development
as
soon
as
possible
in
order
for
Gryffindor
to
stay
on
schedule
with
its
plans.
The
amalgamate
is
both
adequate
in
strength
as
well
as
economic.
The
design
can
hold
a
maximum
distributed
weight
of
2,000
lbs,
which
far
exceeds
the
minimum
specification
as
required
by
Gryffindor.
It
is
recommended
that
no
more
than
10
average
adults
be
on
the
bridge
at
any
one
time.
The
upkeep
and
maintenance
of
this
bridge
is
minimal,
however
it
should
be
inspected
once
every
five
years
for
corrosion
or
erosion
from
weathering
as
a
safety
precaution.
Any
questions
or
concern
should
be
directed
to
Tran
Mechanics
chief
design
engineer,
Adam
Levine.
Conclusion
Tran
Mechanics
successfully
designed
a
bridge
that
provided
a
solution
for
the
pedestrians
of
Gryffindors
future
inhabitants
a
way
to
cross
the
rivers.
We
did
this
by
the
ideation
and
design
using
our
most
qualified
engineers,
which
resulted
in
an
effective
and
efficient
product.
The
work
conducted
by
our
staff
led
to
a
bridge
that
surpasses
expectations
with
a
high
strength
capacity
as
well
as
being
highly
economic.
The
new
bridge
design
was
able
to
handle
2,000
lbs
as
well
as
costing
only
$3,250,
$450
less
than
expected.
Tran
Mechanics
has
enjoyed
the
partnership
with
Gryffindor
Housing
Co.
and
would
welcome
the
opportunity
for
any
collaborative
projects
in
the
furture.
References
1. "Cable
Tie
Truss
Bridges."
Instructables.com.
N.p.,
n.d.
Web.
08
May
2015.
2. Wikipedia.
"Truss
Bridge."
Wikipedia.
Wikipedia,
n.d.
Web.
8
May
2015.
3. http://www.efunda.com/formulae/solid_mechanics/fatigue/fatigue_highcycle.cfm