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"!
ij
Aj = 0,
i = 1,nr
j=1
1) For
a
PFR
operating
under
steady
state
conditions,
what
is
the
relation
between
the
molar
flow
rate
of
any
species
at
some
location
in
the
reactor
N j , j = 1,ns
and
the
extents
of
reaction
at
that
location
( ! i ,i = 1,nr )
?
a. Assume
that
the
feed
molar
flow
rates
are
N jf , j = 1,ns
and
that
the
reaction
extents
are
zero
at
the
inlet.
nr
N j = N jf + #! ij " i ,
j = 1,ns
i=1
b. What
if
you
are
given
that
molar
flow
rates
N j0 , j = 1,ns
correspond
to
some
reference
condition
where
the
reaction
extents
had
been
defined
to
be
zero
and
that
at
the
inlet
the
reaction
extents
are
! if ,i = 1,nr .
(Such
a
scenario
could
happen
if
we
have
reactors
in
series
and
we
prefer
to
define
the
extent
to
be
zero
at
the
beginning
of
the
first
reactor
and
increment
the
extents
cumulatively
as
the
reactants
and
products
work
their
way
through
the
reactor
train.)
First
identify
N jf , j = 1,ns
as
per
this
definition
and
then
adapt
result
of
part
(a)!
nr
N jf = N j0 + #! ij " if ,
j = 1,ns
i=1
nr
nr
i=1
i=1
j = 1,ns
and
a
limiting
reactant;
then,
sketch
different
(1/r)
vs.
(limiting)
reactant
concentration
plots
and
see
what
happens!
Ans.
If
(1/r)
increases
monotonically
with
the
(limiting)
reactant
concentration
(i.e.
the
reaction
has
a
negative
order)
in
the
concentration
range
of
interest,
then
we
will
lower
the
overall
conversion
by
splitting
the
reactor
into
two.
On
the
other
hand,
if
(1/r)
decreases
monotonically
with
the
(limiting)
reactant
concentration
(i.e.
the
reaction
has
a
positive
order)
in
the
concentration
range
of
interest,
then
we
will
increase
the
overall
conversion
by
splitting
the
reactor
into
two.
If
(1/r)
varies
non-monotonically
with
the
(limiting)
reaction
concentration
in
the
concentration
range
of
interest
(i.e.
the
reaction
has
a
negative
order),
then
a
definitive
statement
cannot
be
made
and
the
situation
should
be
analyzed
in
detail
to
predict
the
outcome.
3) As
in
#2,
consider
a
single
reaction
taking
place
in
a
CSTR.
Suppose
we
split
a
CSTR
of
volume
V
into
two
CSTRs
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1)
placed
in
parallel,
while
also
splitting
the
feed
to
maintain
the
same
residence
time
in
both
reactors.
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved?
If
yes,
how?
Ans:
The
reaction
extents
in
an
isothermal
CSTR
are
determined
by
the
feed
composition
and
the
residence
time.
As
they
are
identical
for
the
two
reactors
in
parallel
configuration,
the
effluent
stream
from
each
reactor
will
be
identical,
and
the
same
as
that
of
a
combined
reactor.
Hence,
the
overall
conversion
is
unaffected.
4) Suppose
we
split
a
CSTR
of
volume
V
into
two
CSTRs
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1)
placed
in
parallel,
while
splitting
the
feed
in
a
way
that
the
two
reactors
have
different
residence
times.
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved?
Ans:
The
two
reactors
have
same
feed
composition,
but
different
residence
times
(which
is
also
different
from
that
of
the
combined
reactor).
So,
the
extents
in
the
two
reactors
in
parallel
configuration
will
be
different
and
there
is
no
reason
why
the
overall
conversion
should
be
the
same
as
that
in
the
single
reactor
case.
5) Suppose
we
split
a
PFR
of
volume
V
into
two
PFRs
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1)
placed
in
series.
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved?
If
yes,
how?
Ans:
No,
splitting
the
PFR
will
not
affect
the
conversion
as
all
we
are
doing
is
replacing
V
V1
V1
6) Suppose
we
split
a
PFR
of
volume
V
into
two
PFRs
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1)
placed
in
parallel,
while
also
splitting
the
feed
to
maintain
the
same
residence
time
in
both
reactors.
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved?
If
yes,
how?
Ans:
The
reaction
extents
in
an
isothermal
PFR
are
determined
by
the
feed
composition
and
the
residence
time.
As
they
are
identical
for
the
two
reactors
in
parallel
configuration,
the
effluent
stream
from
each
reactor
will
be
identical,
and
the
same
as
that
of
a
combined
reactor.
Hence,
the
overall
conversion
is
unaffected.
7) Suppose
we
split
a
PFR
of
volume
V
into
two
PFRs
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1)
placed
in
parallel,
while
splitting
the
feed
in
a
way
that
the
two
reactors
have
different
residence
times.
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved?
Ans:
The
two
reactors
have
same
feed
composition,
but
different
residence
times
(which
is
also
different
from
that
of
the
combined
reactor).
So,
the
extents
in
the
two
reactors
in
parallel
configuration
will
be
different
and
there
is
no
reason
why
the
overall
conversion
should
be
the
same
as
that
in
the
single
reactor
case.
8) Suppose
we
split
a
well-stirred
constant-volume
batch
of
volume
V
into
two
well-stirred
constant-volume
batch
reactors
of
volumes
V1
and
(V-V1).
Will
that
change
the
overall
conversion
achieved
if
we
run
the
two
reactors
for
the
same
length
of
time
as
in
the
single
reactor
case
(and
the
initial
contents
of
the
original
reactor
split
in
the
same
proportion
as
the
reactor
volume)?
If
yes,
how?
Ans:
No.
The
reaction
extents
in
an
isothermal
batch
reactor
are
determined
by
the
initial
composition
and
the
time
for
which
the
reaction
is
carried
out.
As
they
are
identical
for
the
two
reactors
in
parallel
configuration,
the
final
extents
in
each
reactor
will
be
identical,
and
the
same
as
that
of
a
combined
reactor.
Hence,
the
overall
conversion
is
unaffected.
VR
dV
! Q(V )
.
If
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