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CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS
Wm J. Coad
Coad Engineering Enterprises
Fundamental Parameter
Performance
2
Reliability
Serviceability
Energy Consumption
Power consumption
3
Environmental
Refrigerants
Water Use
Chemicals
Flexibility
Expandability
Adaptability
Nature of Loads
1. Single Cooling Coil for Human Comfort (HC)
2. Multiple Coils (HC), Simultaneous Loading
3. Multiple Coils (HC), Non-simultaneous Loading
4. Multiple Coils, Some HC, Some Process Loads
5. Process Loads, Similar Requirements
6. Process Loads, Dissimilar Requirements
7. Any Combination of the Above
4
First Law
Heat Capacity Equation
q = mC t Btu/hr
For Chilled Water
Q = GPM (500)(tr-ts) Btu/hr
5
Load
Load Heat In
qL
Independent Variable qL
Dependent Variables
GPM
tS
tR
qL = GPM (500) (tR-tS)
7
Source
Plant Energy In
qP
Water Flow In
X gpm @ tR
Supplier
Customer
Flow: X gpm @ tS
Rejected
Heat Out
qR = qP +qL
Source
(Plant)
Plant
Energy In
qP
Load
Load
Heat In
qL
Flow: X gpm @ tR
tR
tS
X1 gpm @ tS
COIL
1
X1 < X
X1 gpm @ tS
COIL
2
X1 gpm @ tR
X1 gpm @ tR
q = GPM 500 (tR -tS)
variable
X gpm @ tR
R
q = GPM 500 (tR -tS)
variable
COIL
1
COIL
2
Constant
Flow
Loads
(Variable tS )
Small
Bypass
R
13
COIL
1
COIL
2
Variable
Flow
Loads
(Constant tS )
Small
Bypass
R
14
Distributed Pumping
S
Multiple Load
Options
R
15
Chiller
Variable tR
R
17
Constant
Flow
Chiller
1
18
Chiller
2
Load
S
Constant
Flow
Chiller
2
Load
Chiller
1
Constant Flow, Variable tR
19
Chiller
1
Chiller
2
Load
1
Load
2
Bypass
Valve
Variable tR
20
Constant t R
Chiller
1
2 Position
Chiller
Valves
21
Chiller
2
Load
1
Load
2
Bypass
Valve
Variable tR
Constant t R
Constant GPM
Constant t S
Chiller
1
Chiller
2
Constant GPM
Variable tR
22
Variable GPM
Variable t R
Variable GPM
Constant tS
Load
1
Load
2
R
Variable GPM
Constant t R
Chiller
1
Chiller
2
Load
1
Load
2
R
23
Variable GPM
Constant tR