Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Department of Mathematics

Mathematics-I

MA 101 
Tutorial Sheet-6

Date:
Time:

14-Sep-2015
08:00  09:00

Linear Algebra

Topics Covered:

Vector spaces, subspace, basis, change-of-basis, linear transformations, matrix of linear transformation, kernel and
range of a linear transformation
1. In the following examples,
(i) nd the co-ordinate vectors [v]B and [v]C with respect to the given bases B and C
(ii) Find the change-of-basis matrix PCB from B to C , and then nd PBC .
(iii) Use the answer in (ii) to compute [v]C from [v]B and [v]B from [v]C . Compare with answer in (i):

( 1 0 1 )
( 1 1 1 )
1
(a) v = 2
B = 1 , 1 , 0 , ,
C = 1 1 , 1 in R3 .
3
0
1
1
1 1
1
(b) v = 1 + x2 , B = {1, x, x2 },

C = {1 + x + x2 , x + x2 , x2 } in P2 (R).

2. In each of the following, nd the matrix of T with respect to the standard bases. Is the matrix invertible? If
so, nd the inverse matrix and hence the inverse linear map of T .
 
a
2
(i) T : R P1 ,
7 a + (a b)x.
b
(ii) D : Span(ex , xex , x2 ex ) F where D is the dierential operator and F is the space of all real valued
functions from R to R.
3. Let V be a vector space and T : V V be a linear transformation such that T T = I and let v V be a
non-zero vector. Then show that the set {v, T (v)} is linearly dependent if and only if T (v) = v .
4. Let V, W be two vector spaces over R, and T : V W be a linear map. Let w1 , . . . , wn be linearly
independent vectors in W , and let v1 , . . . , vn be vectors in V such that T (vi ) = wi . Show that v1 , . . . , vn are
linearly independent.
5. Let V, W be nite dimensional vector spaces over the eld F and T : V W be a linear map.
(a) Show that

rank(T ) + nullity(T ) = dim(V ).

(b) Assume that dim V = dim W , then show that T is injective if and only if T is surjective.
(c) If dim(V ) < dim(W ) then show that T is not surjective.
(d) If dim(V ) > dim(W ) then show that T is not injective.
6. Let V be a vector space over a eld F and T : V V be a linear map such that T n = 0 for some n N.
Show that the linear map (IDV T ) is one-one and onto, where IDV is the identity map on V .
7. Show that there is no linear transformation T : R3 P2 for which
!
!
2
3
T 1 = 1 + 2x + x2 ,
T 0 = 1 x2 ,
0
2

0 !
3 = 2x + 3x2 .
4

8. For each of the maps given below, show that T is a linear transformation. Describe ker(T ) and range(T ) of the
following. Hence nd the rank or the nullity of the following
(a) T : M22 R dened by T (A) = tr(A).

(b) T : P3 R2 ,

a
T (a + bx + cx2 + dx3 ) = b a
ca+b


 

a b
a 0
(c) T : M22 M22 dened by T
=
.
c d
0 d

 

a b
ab
2
(d) T : M22 R dened by T
=
.
c d
cd


p(0)
(e) T : P2 R2 dened by T (p(x)) =
.
p(1)
9. Let V be vector space and T : V V be a linear transformation. Suppose dim V = n. If there exists a vector
x V such that T n (x) = 0 but T n1 (x) 6= 0, then show that the set {x, T (x), . . . , T n1 (x)} is a basis for V .
Also, nd the matrix representation of T with respect to this basis.

Practice Problems
1. If B and C are bases for R3 such that the change-of-basis matrix from B to C is given by PCB

1
= 0
0

2
4
0

3
5 .
6

(
If C =

)
1
1 1
0 2 1 , nd B .
1 0 1

2. Let T : R P2 (R) be a linear map for which T

 !

!
3
a
and T
.
T
2
b
2

!
1
= 1 + 2x + x2 and T
1

 !
1
= 3 + 4x2 . Find
0

3. Find the matrix [S], [T ] and [S T ] with respect to the standard bases and then verify that [S T ] = [S][T ],
where
 
a
2
T : R P2 ,
7 a + (a b)x + bx2 ,
b

S : P2 P1 ,

a + bx + cx2 7 (3a + 2b + c) + (a + b)x.

4. Show that a linear map T : V W is uniquely determined by its values on the elements of a basis of V .
5. Let W be a subspace of a nite dimensional vector space V . Show that W is a nite dimensional vector space
and dim W dim V .
6. Let B be a set of vectors in a vector space V with the property that every vector in V is a unique linear
combination of vectors in B . Prove that B is a basis for V .
7. Let V and W be vector spaces over R. Prove that the set L (V, W ) of all linear transformations forms a vector
space over R, with the vector addition and scalar multiplication as dened over F , the space of functions from
R to R.
8. Let W1 and W2 be two subspaces of a nite dimensional vector space V . Show that

dim(W1 + W2 ) = dim(W1 ) + dim(W2 ) dim(W1 W2 ).