Ravikumar G K et al.

/ International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

A STUDY ON DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

OF WEB MART MINING AND ITS
RELEVANCE TODAY
Ravikumar G K*
*Dr. MGR University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, INDIA,

Manjunath T. N+
+

Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA,

Ravindra S. Hegadi#
#Karnatak University,Dharwad,Karnataka,INDIA,

Archana R A++
++SJB Institute of Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,INDIA,
Abstract:
Data warehousing is one of the latest trends in computing environment and information technology
applications. A data warehouse is a system that extracts, cleans and delivers source data into dimensional
data store and then supports and implements querying and analysis for the purpose of decision making.
From a data warehouse, data flows to various departments for their customized decision support systems.
These individual departmental components are called data marts. A data mart is a set of dimensional
tables supporting a business process. Data marts contain all atomic detail needed to support drilling down
to the lowest level. Every company or organization in the world has a website. Beneath each web site are
web logs that record every object either posted to or served from the web server. Web logs are important
because they reveal the user traffic on the web site. The activity of parsing web logs and storing the
results in a data mart to analyze customer activity is known as click stream data warehousing. The web
mart - database schema is designed to make the underlying data structure more comprehensible to users
and to simplify the query process. The recommended approach for data warehouse data modeling is to
follow a Dimensional Modeling approach - Star Schema. We explore the design and analysis of web mart
and its relevance today at minute level.
Keywords: Data warehousing, ETL, Web log, Data mart, Web mart.
1.

Introduction - Star Schema of the Web Mart

The web mart - database schema is designed to make the underlying data structure more comprehensible to
users and to simplify the query process. The recommended approach for data warehouse data modeling is to
follow a Dimensional Modeling approach-called Star Schema. The star schema has a central fact table with
dimension tables at the points of the star. The single fact tables composite primary key requires a foreign key
field corresponding to the primary key field of each dimension table. The dimension tables are hierarchical and
thus highly denormalised [4] .A fact table is a primary table in the web mart that contain the business facts, and
dimension tables are companion tables to the fact table that represent the business critical dimensions and
contain the attributes for the business critical dimensions. The central fact table provides users the ability to do
analysis on business facts, and dimensional tables provide users the ability to do analysis on these business facts
in various business critical dimensions[10].

The figure-1 presents the overall view of the click stream fact and the associated dimensions.

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3141

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Date
Dimension

Universal
Date

TOD
Dimension
Status
Dimension

Universal
TOD

OS
Dimension

Visitor
Dimension
Click Stream Fact

Browser
Dimension

Page
Dimension

Geography
Dimension

Session
Dimension
Referrer
Dimension

Object
Dimension

Fig-1: Star Schema of the Web Mart Design -Click Stream Fact and its Associated Dimensions

2.

Description -Web Mart Objects

This section explains about the detailed analytical capabilities of the model by giving the listing of the basic fact
that the user will be able to analyze and the corresponding dimensions which gives user the capability of drill up
and drill down and slicing and dicing on the base fact. Before the design of specific click stream data marts,
there is a need to collect together as many dimensions as one can think of that may have relevance in a click
stream environment. The unique dimensions of the click stream data warehouses are page, visitor, session and
referral. The page dimension describes the page context for a web page event. It contains attributes like page
key, page source, page function. The visitor dimension gives the details regarding visitor. The main attributes
are userId, CookieId, Operating System and Browser. The session dimension provides one or more levels of
diagnosis for the visitors session as a whole. For example, the local context of the session might be requesting
product information, but the overall session context might be ordering a product. The referral dimension
describes how the customer arrived at the current page [9] [11].
2.1 Facts and Dimensions in the Web Mart
The following table-1 presents the objects i.e. fact and dimensions available in the web mart for the analysis
purpose.
Table name
Click Stream Fact
Universal Date
Universal TOD
Date
TOD
Visitor
Page

Fact/Dimension
Fact
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension

Session

Dimension

ISSN : 0975-5462

Levels
Year, Quarter, Month, Week, Day
Period of the day, Hour, Minute, Second
Year, Quarter, Month, Week, Day
Period of the day, Hour, Minute, Second
IP Address (or) Visitor Id (or) Cookie Id
Object Type, File Type, Page Type, URL (a)
Domain, Site, Directory, URL
Session Type

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3142

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Referrer

Dimension

Referrer Type, URL (a)

Domain, Site, URL

Status
Visit
Content Page

Dimension
Dimension
Dimension

Type of the Status, Status description

Table-1: Objects of Web Mart

2.2 Click Stream Fact Table

2.3 The Table-2 presents various business measures on which the user will be able to do analysis
using the click stream fact table and the associated dimension tables.
Field Name
UniversalDatekey
UTODkey
Datekey
TODkey
Visitorkey
Pagekey
Sessionkey
Referrerkey
Statuskey
Visitkey
ContentPagekey
TimeViewed
BytesTransferred

Description
Foreign key for the Universal Date dimension
Foreign key for the Universal TOD dimension
Foreign key for the Date dimension
Foreign key for the TOD dimension
Foreign key for the Visitor dimension
Foreign key for the Page dimension
Foreign key for the Session dimension
Foreign key for the Referrer dimension
Foreign key for the Status dimension
Foreign key for the Visit dimension
Foreign key for the Content Page dimension
The time spent in seconds, by the Visitor on a particular object like
page, file
The bytes transferred to the client machine.
Table-2: Click Stream Fact Table Description

2.3 Dimensions
The dimension table gives users the ability to analyze the business measures in different dimensions by allowing
the users to drill up and drill down and slice and dice with the attributes of the dimensions. Drilling down is
adding detailed rows to an existing request and is nothing more than requesting to give more detail. Drilling up
is subtracting row headers and is nothing more than looking at the data at more aggregated/consolidated form.
Slicing is constraining the data that is displayed on an attribute found in a dimension and dicing is constraining
the data that is displayed by attributes in multiple dimensions [4].
2.3.1
Universal Date Dimension
The figure-2 presents the universal date dimension with all its attributes. This universal date dimension
facilitates analysis along the calendar period with respect to the Greenwich mean time. The hierarchical
attributes of the dimension are represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are
represented using straight-line connections. Date is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down
to, and year is the highest level that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be identified by
following the arrow headings.

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3143

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

YEAR
QUARTER

YEAR

MONTH

WEEK NUMBER IN

WEEK OF THE
DATE
DAY OF THE

DAY NUMBER IN
MONTH NUMBER

DAY NUMBER IN WEEK

Figure-2: Universal Data Dimension with the hierarchy

The following table describes the structure of the Universal date dimension table
Field Name
UniversalDatekey
UniversalDate
UniversalDayOfWeek
UniversalDOWNumber
UniversalWeekOfMonth
UniversalWeekOfYear
UniversalDayOfMonth
UniversalMonthNumber
UniversalMonth
UniversalQuarter
UniversalYear

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Date
Day of the week
Day of week number
Week number in the month
Week number in the year
Day number in the month
Month of the year in number
Month of the year
Quarter of the year
Year

Values/Example
1,2
25/01/2000
Sunday
1-7, Sunday being 1
1-5
1-52
1-31
1-12
January
1-4
2000

Table-3: Column Description of the Universal Date Dimension

2.3.2

Universal TOD Dimension

The figure-3 presents the universal TOD dimension with all its attributes. This universal TOD dimension
facilitates analysis along the time of the day with respect to the Greenwich mean time. The hierarchical
attributes of the dimension are represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are
represented using straight-line connections. Seconds is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill
down to, and period of the day is the highest level that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be
identified by following the arrow headings [10] [1].
PERIOD OF THE DAY

HOUR

MINUTE

SECOND
Figure-3: Universal TOD Dimension

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3144

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

The table-4 describes the structure of the Universal TOD dimension table.
Field Name
UTODkey
UniversalSecond
UniversalMinute
UniversalHour
UniversalTODPeriodofDay

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Second of a Minute
Minutes of a hour
Hours of a day
Collection of hours in a day

Values/Example
1,2
1-60
1-60
10-11, 11-12
Morning, Evening

Table-4: Column Description of Universal TOD Dimension

2.3.3

Date Dimension

The figure-4 presents the date dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension are
represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. Date is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down to, and year is the highest level
that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be identified by following the arrow headings [10]
[1].
YEAR

YEAR

QUARTER

MONTH

WEEK NUMBER IN YEAR

WEEK OF THE MONTH

DATE
DAY OF THE WEEK

DAY NUMBER IN MONTH

MONTH NUMBER

DAY NUMBER IN WEEK

Figure-4: Date Dimension with the hierarchy

The table-5 describes the structure of the date dimension table.

Field Name
Datekey
Date
DayOfWeek
DayOfWeekNumber
WeekNumber
Week
MonthDay
MonthNumber
Month
Quarter
Year

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Date
Day of the week
Day of the week number
Week number in the month
Week number in the year
Day number in the month
Month of the year in number
Month of the year
Quarter of the year
Year of the date

Values/Example
1,2
25/01/2000
Sunday
1-7, 1 being Sunday
1-5
1-52
1-31
1-12
January
1-4
2000

Table-5: Column Description of Date dimension

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3145

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

2.3.4

TOD Dimension

The figure-5 presents the TOD dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension are
represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. Seconds is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down to, and period of the day is
the highest level that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be identified by following the arrow
headings [10] [1].
PERIOD OF THE DAY

HOUR
MINUTE
SECOND
Figure-5: TOD dimension with its attributes

The table-6 describes the structure of the TOD dimension table.

Field Name
TODkey
Second
Minute
Hour
TimeOfDay
PeriodofDay

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Second of a Minute
Minutes of a hour
Hours of a day
Time of the day
Collection of hours in a day

Values/Example
1,2
1-60
1-60
10-11, 11-12
12:00:55;19:15:25
Morning, Evening

Table-6: Column description of TOD dimension

2.3.5

Visitor Dimension

The figure-6 presents the Visitor dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension
are represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. User id/ Cookie id/ Domain name is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down
to, and country is the highest level that the user will be able to drill up to. The lowest granularity will be decided
at the client site. Drill down path can be identified by following the arrow headings [10] [1].

COUNTRY

COOKIE ID

USER ID

BROWSER

DOMAIN NAME

DEMOGRAPHICS *
OPERATING SYSTEM
Figure-6: Visitor Dimension with its attributes

* - Demographics are collection of many fields. It is also possible to form a hierarchy in the demographic
information. The table-7 describes the structure of the visitor dimension table.

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3146

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Field Name
Visitorkey
UserId

OperatingSystem

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Identification of the Visitor (name or login user
id).
Value of the Cookie
IP address of the requesting client
The country of the visitor. Predicted from the
domain of the visitor
The name of the operating system with version

Browser

The name of the browser with version

*FirstName
*LastName
*DateOfBirth
*AgeGroup
*Gender
*Occupation

The first name of the Visitor

The Last name of the Visitor
The Date of birth of the Visitor
The age group of the Visitor
The Gender of the Visitor
The occupation of the Visitor. Limited to a set of
categories.
The income group of the Visitor. The groups are
defined by the business.
The Zip code of the place of the visitor
The state of the visitor.
The country of the Visitor specified by the
Visitor.

CookieId
IPAddress
Country

*IncomeGroup
*ZipCode
*State
*VisitorCountry

Values/Example
1,2

A string
164.164.22.91
USA, India
Windows NT 4.0, SCO
Unix 7
Netscape Navigator 4.6,
Internet Explorer 5.1
John, Philip
Smith, Jacob
12/07/1076
18-25, 25-40
Male, Female
Engineering, Computer
related

USA, India

Table-7: Column Description of Visitor Dimension

* Optional fields. Collected from the web site visitor through registration forms.
2.3.6

Page Dimension

The figure-7 presents the page dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension are
represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. URL is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down to, and the domain and object
type are the highest levels that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be identified by following
the arrow headings [10] [1].
DOMAIN

OBJECT TYPE

FILE TYPE

SITE

PAGE TYPE

DIRECTORY

URL
PAGE NAME

FILE NAME
Figure-7: Page Dimension with this attributes

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3147

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

The following table-8 describes the various fields of the page dimension.
Field Name
Pagekey
URL
PageName

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
Full path of the page in the server
Name of the web page

PageType

Classification of pages in the web site

FileType
ObjectType

The file type of the object

The type of the object

FileName

Name of the file being accessed by the user

Directory
Site
Domain

The directory in the server, of the accessed file

The site where the particular page is available
The domain of the site where the page resides

Values/Example
1,2
C:\..\index.html
Welcome page, Product
info page
News pages, Jobs &
Career pages
Gif, au, ra, html
Multimedia files,
Application, Content
pages
Index.html,
ProductInfo.html
C:\Inetpub\doc

Table-8: Column description of Page Dimension

2.3.7. Session Dimension

The figure-8 presents the session dimension with all its attributes. The general attributes are represented using
straight-line connections; the connection with a circle at one end denotes that the specified item is a collection of
fields. Session type assigns a meaning to a visit [1]
SESSION TYPE
SESSION PARAMETERS *

SESSION DESCRIPTION

Figure-8: Session Dimension with its attributes

* - Session parameters are collection of fields, which describes the conditions for characterizing a session
type.
The following table-9 describes the various fields of the session dimension.
Field Name
Sessionkey
SessionType
SessionDescription
SessionParameters

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
The type of the user session. Session is defined
bases on the business rules
The description of a particular session
The parameters that characterize the particular
session. It can be split into multiple fields, based
on the business rules provided by the customer.

Values/Example
1,2
Quick hit and gone,
Product Ordering
Ex: If Time Spent is in
the range of 1-10 min
and the pages visited in
general info or product
info, then it is a
Looking for Info
session.

Table-9: Column Description of Session dimension

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3148

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

2.3.7

Referrer Dimension

The figure-9 presents the session dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension
are represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. URL is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down to, and the domain and referrer
type are the highest levels that the user will be able to drill up to. Drill down path can be identified by following
the arrow headings [1].
DOMAIN

REFERRER TYPE

SITE

URL
KEY WORD

Figure-8: Session Dimension with its attributes

The following table-10 describes the fields of the referrer dimension.

Field Name
Referrerkey
ReferringURL
ReferringSite
ReferringDomain
Keyword
ReferrerType

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
The URL of the referring page
The Site of the referring page
The domain of the referring page
The keyword given by the user as search criteria
to reach the page.
The type of the referrer

Values/Example
1,2
C:\..\index.html

Web mining,
warehousing
Ad banner, Search
engine

Table-10: Column description of referrer dimension

2.3.8

Status Dimension

The figure-9 presents the status dimension with all its attributes. The hierarchical attributes of the dimension are
represented using the arrow head connections and general attributes are represented using straight-line
connections. Status id is the lowest grain level that the user will be able to drill down to, and the status type is
the highest level that the user will be able to drill up to. Status description provides a description for the status
id. Drill down path can be identified by following the arrow headings [10] [1].
STATUS TYPE

STATUS ID

STATUS DESCRIPTION

Figure-9: Status dimension with its attributes

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3149

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

The following table-11 describes the fields of the status dimension.

Field Name
Statuskey
StatusId
StatusDescription

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
The Status Code
Description of the Status

StatusType

Type of the Status

Values/Example
1,2
101, 201
Successful, File not
found error
File errors

Table-11: Column Description of Status dimension

2.3.9

Visit Dimension

This dimension has no hierarchy. This dimension is used for identifying the start and end of a visit, it is show in
table-12
Field Name
Visitkey
Description

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
The value or description. For the start of the visit
it is 'Start' for an end of the visit page 'End'

Values/Example
1,2
Start, End

Table-12: Column description of visit dimension

2.3.10

Content Page Dimension

This dimension has no hierarchy. This dimension is used for identifying a page as a content page or not. it is
shown in table-13
Field Name
ContentPagekey
Description

Description
Primary key for the dimension (Surrogate key)
'Yes' to indicate a content page. 'No' to indicate
other files

Values/Example
1,2
'Yes', 'No'

Table-13: Column description of content page dimension

3. The Data Modeling-Star Schema

The recommended approach for data warehouse data modeling is to follow a dimensional modeling approach
i.e. star schema. The star schema has a central fact table with dimension tables at the points of the star. The
single fact table composite primary key requires a foreign key field corresponding to the primary key field of
each dimension table. The dimensional tables are hierarchical and thus highly denormalised. A fact table is a
primary table in the web mart that contain the business facts, and dimension tables are companion tables to the
fact table that represent the business critical dimensions and contain the attributes for the business critical
dimensions[4]. The central fact table provides users the ability to do analysis on business facts, and dimensional
tables provide users the ability to do analysis on these business facts in various business critical dimensions, this
is shown in figure-10.

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3150

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Figure-10: Star Schema model design for Web mart

4. Results
Now we can proceed to the interesting part of our data warehouse: relieving information.
4.1 The average number of minutes from login to order

4.2 The average number of days from first being invited to the site by email to the first order.

5.Conclusions
Understanding the behavior of users on your website is as valuable as following a customer around a store and
recording his or her every move. Imagine how much more organized your store can be and how many
opportunities you can have to dell merchandise if you know every move customers make while navigating your
store. The ETL process in Clickstream data warehousing is significantly different from any other source you are
likely to encounter.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]

Ralph Kimball, The Data Warehouse ETL Toolkit, Wiley India Pvt Ltd., 2006
Dr. K.V.K.K Prasad, Data warehouse Development Tools, Dreamtech Press, 2006
White paper by Vivek R Gupta, Senior Consultant, System Services Corporation,An Introduction to data warehousing.
Manjunath T.N, Ravindra S Hegadi, Ravikumar G K."Analysis of Data Quality Aspects in DataWarehouse Systems", International
Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (1), 2010, 477-485
Manjunath T.N, Ravindra S Hegadi, Ravikumar G K." A Survey on Multimedia Data Mining and Its Relevance Today",
International journal of Computer Science and Network Security. Vol. 10 No. 11 pp. 165-170.
Sanjeevkumar R. Jadhav, and Praveen Kumar Kumbargoudar, Multimedia Data Mining in Digital Libraries: Standards and
Features in Proc. READIT-2007, p. 54.
Shu-Ching Chen, Mei-Ling Shyu, Chengcui Zhang, and Jeff Strickrott, "Multimedia Data Mining for Traffic Video Sequences,"
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimedia data Mining MDM/KDD'2001), in conjunction with the Seventh

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3151

Ravikumar G K et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]

ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, pp. 78-85, August 26, 2001, San Francisco, CA,
USA.
Valery A. Petrushin and Latifur Khan, Multimedia Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2007 - London: Springer-Verlag, pp.
3- 17
S. Kotsiantis, D. Kanellopoulos, P. Pintelas, Multimedia Mining, SEAS Transactions on Systems, Issue 10, Volume 3, December
2004, pp. 3263-3268
Sanjiv Purba Data Management Handbook Published by CRC Press, 1999
Bhavani M. Thuraisingham, Data Management Systems: Evolution and Interoperation, Published by CRC Press, 1997
Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques Published by Morgan Kaufmann, 2001
Sanjeevkumar R. Jadhav, and Praveen Kumar Kumbargoudar, Multimedia Data Mining in Digital Libraries: Standards and Features,
ACVIT- 07, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar MarathWada University, Aurangabad,MS-India
Mori Y, Takahashi H, Oka R. Image-to-word transformation based on dividing and vector quantizing images with words. In:
MISRM99 First International Workshop on Multimedia Intelligent Stotage and Retrievel management, 1999.
Ordenoz C, Omiecinski E. Discovering association rules based on image content. In: ADL 99: Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on
Research and Technology Advances in Digital libraries. Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society; 1999, p.38.
Chakrabarti, S. (2000): Data mining for hypertext: A tutorial survey. SIGKDD explorations, 1(2), pp. 111.
Ravikumar G K, Manjunath T. N, Ravindra S. Hegadi, Umesh I.M, Cross Industry Survey on Data mining Applications, International
Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (2) , 2011, 624-628.

Authors Profile
Ravikumar GK. received his Bachelors degree from Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur (Bangalore
University) during the year 1996 and M. Tech in Systems Analysis and Computer Application from Karnataka
Regional Engineering College Surthakal (NITK) during the year 2000. He is currently working towards his PhD
degree in the Area of Data mining. He has published several papers in International and national level
conferences. He is having around 14 years of Professional experienced which includes Software Industry and
teaching experience. His area of interests are Data Warehouse & Business Intelligence, multimedia and
Databases.
Manjunath T N. received his Bachelors Degree in computer Science and Engineering from Bangalore
University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India during the year 2001 and M. Tech in computer Science and Engineering
from VTU, Belgaum, Karnataka, India during the year 2004. Currently pursing Ph.D degree in Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore. He is having total 10 years of Industry and teaching experience. His areas of interests
are Data Warehouse & Business Intelligence, multimedia and Databases. He has published and presented papers
in journals, international and national level conferences.

Dr.Ravindra S Hegadi received his Master of Computer Applications (MCA) & M.Phil and Doctorate of
Philosophy (Ph.D). in year 2007 in computer science from Gurbarga University, Karnataka; He is having 15
years of Experience. He has visited overseas to various universities as SME.His area of interests are Image
Mining, Image Processing and Databases and business intelligence. He has published and presented papers in
journals, international and national level conferences.
Archana.R.A received her Bachelors Degree in computer Science and Engineering from VTU ,Belgaum,
Karnataka, India during the year 2007 and Master of Technology in year 2010 in computer science from
VTU,Belgaum,Karnataka,India,she is working in SJB Institute of Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India.she is
having 3 years of Experience.Her area of interests are Image Mining, Image Processing and Databases and
business intelligence. She has published and presented papers in journals, international and national level
conferences.

ISSN : 0975-5462

Vol. 3 No. 4 Apr 2011

3152