ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.03,Issue.22
September-2014,
Pages:4461-4465
www.semargroup.org,
www.ijsetr.com

An Enhanced and Automated Solar Power Plant System

AL SHABNA SAMANTHA TERA1, M.LAKSHMAN NAIK2
1

PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, Loyola Institute of Technology and Management, Satenapalli, AP, India,
Email: samanthatera@yahoo.com.
2
Asst Prof, Dept of ECE, Loyola Institute of Technology and Management, Satenapalli, AP, India,
E-mail: m_lakshmann44@yahoo.co.in.

Abstract: The main objective of this project is to make solar home automation using GSM technology. This project utilizes
solar panel with microcontroller for automation purpose. As a converging technology of Solar panel, it converts solar energy in
to electrical energy. EB meter readings can be acquired in to controller for power consumption details. Simultaneously, our
controller can take bypass power units into consideration. Power station will collect all that bypass power. Resultant units can
be forwarded to a house owner through GSM device.
Keywords: EB, GSM, Solar Panel, Automation, Power Station, Units.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this project we are implementing automatic electricity
bill generation based on the amount of power utilized. So we
divide the project into 4 parts, first part we will read out
voltage values from the step down transformer, that is done
using an ADC, second we will find out current values from
the current transformer, third and important part is GSM
initialization and reading of message. Based on the priority
the execution of task is done. The data i.e. amount of watts is
stored in EERPOM where we assigned 2bytes of data to
store. After taking ADC values we will substitute in
formula to get the amount of power utilized. When we need
the bill we will send sms to GSM modem, as it is written in
an interrupt mode when this interrupt is generated CPU will
now execute part 3 which read the message or command and
work perform the task.

Fig.1. Block Diagram of Power Measuring Unit.

Energy: Drives the world- the masculine, the feminine and
the neuter all in all. Though energy can be of different forms
like electrical. Which are interring convertible using the
technologies in hand.

Meter: measure the amount of something exhausted and

here it measure the amount of energy consume. For using
electricity need to pay the electricity department.
Electronic energy meter is equipped with the wireless
module. After desired time the number of unit will be
transmitted to main super computer data base. Thus, no
need of personal visiting the place and noting down the
reading which will pass on to operator. Not only is this but
the concept of energy theft detection and thus it controlling
the main source of inspiration for us to work on this.
Electronic energy meter to measure electricity usage have so
many advantages over their electromechanically counter
parts. Including accuracy, flexibility, tampering detection
that their adoption is spreading rapidly, measuring Unit as
shown in Fig.1.
II. SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is
harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such
as solar heating, solar photo-voltaic, solar thermal electricity,
solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. Solar
technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert
and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include
the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include
orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with
favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and
designing spaces that naturally circulate air. In 2011, the
International Energy Agency said that "the development of
affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies
will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase
countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous,

Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

AL SHABNA SAMANTHA TERA, M.LAKSHMAN NAIK

inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource,
1. Roof-Based Mounting Supports Include:
enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of

Pole mounts, which are attached directly to the roof

mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower
structure and may use additional rails for attaching the
module racking or frames.
than otherwise.

Ballasted footing mounts, such as concrete or steel

Energy From The Sun: The Earth receives 174 pet watts
bases that use weight to secure the panel system in
(PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper
position and do not require through penetration. This
atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space
mounting method allows for decommissioning or
while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses.
relocation of solar panel systems with no adverse
The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly
effect on the roof structure.
spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a

All wiring connecting adjacent solar modules to the

small part in the near-ultraviolet.
energy harvesting equipment must be installed
according to local electrical codes and should be run
Table I: Comparison Of Different Energy Systems
in a conduit appropriate for the climate conditions.

Further
information:
Solar
modules
on
spacecraft and Solar charger.
2. Electric devices that includes solar modules:
Solar plane
Solar-pumped laser
Solar vehicle.

A. Mounting Systems
1. Trackers: Solar modules mounted on solar trackers. Solar
trackers increase the amount of energy produced per module
at a cost of mechanical complexity and need for
maintenance. They sense the direction of the Sun and tilt the
modules as needed for maximum exposure to the light.
2. Fixed Racks: Fixed racks hold modules stationary as the
sun moves across the sky. The fixed rack sets the angle at
which the module is held. Tilt angles equivalent to an
installation's latitude are common. Most of these fixed racks
are set on poles above ground.
3. Ground Mounted: Ground mounted solar power systems
consist of solar modules held in place by racks or frames that
are attached to ground based mounting supports.

III. MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontrollers producers have been struggling for a
long time for attracting more and more choosy customers.
Every couple of days a new chip with a higher operating
frequency, more memory and more high-quality A/D
converters comes on the market. Nevertheless, by analyzing
their structure it is concluded that most of them have the
same (or at least very similar) architecture known in the
product catalogs as 8051 compatible. What is all this
about? The whole story began in the far 80s when Intel
launched its series of the microcontrollers labeled with MCS
051. Although, several circuits belonging to this series had
quite modest features in comparison to the new ones, they
took over the world very fast and became a standard for what
nowadays is mint by a word microcontroller.

1. Description: The AT89S52 is a low-power, highperformance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of
in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is
4. Ground Based Mounting Supports Include:
manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile
Pole mounts, which are driven directly into the ground
memory technology and is compatible with the
industryor embedded in concrete.
standard 80C51 instruction set and pin-out. The on-chip
Foundation mounts, such as concrete slabs or poured
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed infootings
system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
Ballasted footing mounts, such as concrete or steel bases
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with inthat use weight to secure the solar module system in
system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
position and do not require ground penetration. This
AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a
type of mounting system is well suited for sites where
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
excavation is not possible such as capped landfills and
embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the
simplifies decommissioning or relocation of solar
following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of
module systems.
RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three
8-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
B. Roof Mounting
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and
Roof-mounted solar power systems consist of solar
clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with
modules held in place by racks or frames attached to roofstatic logic for operation down to zero frequency and
based mounting supports.
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The
Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM,
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.22, September-2014, Pages: 4461-4465

An Enhanced and Automated Solar Power Plant System

timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
mobile users across Europe and several million customers
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM conworldwide. The basic requirements of GSM have been
tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip
described in five aspects.
functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
1. Services: The system shall provide service portability,
i.e., mobile stations or mobile phones can be used in all
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER
participating countries. The system shall offer services that
exist in the wire line network as well as services specific to
mobile communications. In addition to vehicle- mounted
stations, the system shall provide service to Mss used by
pedestrians and /or on board ships.
2. Quality of Services and Security: The quality for voice
telephony of GSM shall beat least as good as the previous
analog systems over the practical operating range. The
system shall be capable of offering information encryption
without significantly affecting the costs to users who do not
require such facility.
3. Radio Frequency Utilization: The system shall permit a
high level of spectrum efficiency and state-of-the-art
subscriber facilities. The system shall be capable of
operating in the entire allocated frequency band, and co-exist
with the earlier systems in the same frequency band.
Fig.2. Block Diagram.
1. Features OF AT89S52:
8K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory.
RAM is 256 bytes.
2.7V to 6V Operating Range.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz.
Two-level Program Memory Lock.
256x 8-bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Two 8-bit Timer/Counters.
Six Interrupt Sources.
As it is shown on the Fig.2, the 8051 microcontroller
have nothing impressive at first sight: The whole
configuration is obviously envisaged as such to satisfy the
needs of most programmers who work on development of
automation devices. One of advantages of this
microcontroller is that nothing is missing and nothing is too
much. In other words, it is created exactly in accordance to
the average users taste and needs. The other advantage is
the way RAM is organized, the way Central Processor Unit
(CPU) operates and ports which maximally use all recourses
and enable further upgrading.
V. GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
A. All about GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications GSM is a digital
wireless network standard designed by standardization
committees from major European telecommunications
operators and manufacturers. The GSM standard provides a
common set of compatible services and capabilities to all

4. Network: The identification and numbering plans shall be

based on relevant ITU recommendations. An international
standardized signaling system shall be used for switching
and mobility Management. The existing fixed public
networks should not be significantly modified.
5. Introduction SIM300: Designed for global market,
SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS
1900 MHz. SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class
8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1,
CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.With a tiny configuration of 40mm x
33mm x 2.85mm SIM300 can fit almost all the space
requirements in our applications, such as smart phone, PDA
phone and other mobile devices. In this hardware SIM300 is
Only interfaced with RS232 ,Regulated.

Fig.3. EVB Top view.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.22, September-2014, Pages: 4461-4465

AL SHABNA SAMANTHA TERA, M.LAKSHMAN NAIK

hours. It may help to think of reactive power as power that is
B. Power Supply 4.0V SIM Tray Antenna with LED
reflected from a load, because the load cannot immediately
indications
use all the power provided by the distribution system.
SIM300 module interface
SIM card interface
A. Types Of Meters
Headset interface
Modern electricity meters operate by continuously
Download switch, turn on or off download function.
measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts) and current
VBAT switch, switch the voltage source from the
(amperes) and findings the product of these to give
adaptor or external battery.
instantaneous electrical power (watts) which is then
PWRKEY key, turn on or turn off SIM300.
integrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatt RESET key.
hours etc). The meters fall into two basic categories,
Expand port, such as keypad port, main and debug
electromechanical and electronic.
serial port, display port.
MAIN serial port for downloading, AT command
1. Electromechanical Meters: The most common type of
transmitting, data exchanging.
electricity meter is the Thomson or electromechanical
DEBUG serial port.
induction watt-hour, invented by Elihu Thomson in 1888.
Hole for fixing the antenna.
2. Solid State Meters: Some newer electricity meters are
Source adapter interface.
solid state and display the power used on an LCD, while
Light.
newer electronic meters can be read automatically. In
Buzzer.
addition to measuring electricity used, solid state meters can
Headphones interface.
also record other parameters of the load and supply such as
Hole for fixing the SIM300.
maximum demand, power factor and reactive power used
C. AT Commands
etc. They can also include electronic clock mechanisms to
1. AT Command Format: A command line is a string of
compute a value, rather than an amount, of electricity
characters sent from a DTE to the modem (DCE) while the
consumed, with the pricing varying of by the time of day,
modem is in a command state. A command line has a prefix,
day of week, and seasonally.
a body, and a terminator. Each command line (with the
3. Multiple Tariff (Variable Rate) Meters: Electricity
exception of the A/ command) must begin with the character
retailers may wish to charge customers different tariffs at
sequence AT and must be terminated by a carriage return.
different times of the day. This is because there is generally
Commands entered in upper case or lower case are accepted,
a surplus of electrical generation capacity at times of low
but both the A and T must be of the same case, i.e., AT or
demand, such as during the night. Multiple tariffs are made
at. The default terminator is the ENTER key <CR>
easier by time of use (TOU) meters which incorporate or are
character. Characters that precede the AT prefix are ignored.
connected to a time switch and which have multiple
The command line interpretation begins upon receipt of the
registers. In the UK such tariffs are branded Economy 7 or
ENTER key character.
White Meter and are commonly used in conjunction with
2. Flow Control: Flow control is very important for correct
electrical storage heaters. The popularity of such tariffs has
communication between the GSM engine and DTE. For
declined in recent years, at least in the domestic market, due
example: in the case such as a data or fax call, the sending
to the (perceived or real) deficiencies of storage heaters and
device is transferring data faster than the receiving side is
the low cost of natural gas. Domestic variable-rate meters
ready to accept. When the receiving buffer reaches its
normally only permit two tariffs (peak and off-peak) and
capacity, the receiving device should be capable to cause the
in such installations a simple electromechanical time switch
sending device to pause until it catches up.
may be used.
VI. MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY
4. Basic Working of A Modern Electronic Energy Meter:
An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures
As in the block diagram, the meter has a Power Supply, a
the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence of
metering engine, A processing and communication engine
business. These are customers of an electric company. The
i.e. a microcontroller, other add-on modules such as RTC,
most common type is more properly known as a (kilo)wattLCD display, communication ports/ Module etc. Power
hour meter or a joule meter. Utilities record the values
supply the power supply has the responsibility of providing
measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the
power to various electronic components in the meter. Metes
electricity. The most common unit for measurement on the
usually use less than 50 mill watts, in order to reduce the
electricity meter f the kilowatt-hour which is equal to the
power companys costs (it is fraud for it to charge customers
amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a
for the power meters consumption). Normally the power
period of one hour, or 3,600,000 joules. Some electricity
supply uses a large capacitor, charged by the high voltage
companies use the SI mega joule instead. Demand is
through a diode, and slowly drained through a resistor
normally measured in Watts, but averaged over a period,
network and voltage regulator. This is far less expensive
most often a quarter or half hour. Reactive power is
than a transformer, or the switching power supply used in a
measured as volt-amps, reactive, (VARh) also in kilowattPC.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.22, September-2014, Pages: 4461-4465

An Enhanced and Automated Solar Power Plant System

VII. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Benefits of Wireless Energy Meter:
Power Measurement today introduced the next step in

Ability to detect tamper events and outage

affordable energy management. The wireless energy meter
occurrence.
with a low installed cost, exceptional scalability, and

Calculate transformer loading and sizing from

accuracy verified to national sub-billing standards. The
interval data.
meter offers an affordable energy monitoring solution for

Interval data gives accurate load information for

large commercial properties, including office buildings and
supply scheduling, switching operation, planning,
retail malls. This is the addition to the Power Measurement
etc.
line of wireless metering products. The meters form a
IX. APPLICATIONS
wireless network that automatically reports energy
Lower Cost RF solutions replace expensive

consumption on each tenant space for individual and

hardwiring, greatly reducing the high costs of cable
aggregate billing purposes. Property managers can then use
installation or retrofitting.
this information to help manage accounts, conserve energy,
Less Environmental Impact RF eliminates the

and recover energy costs. With no conduit or wires to run,

environmentally-invasive damage of laying cable
installation is simple and inexpensive. Each tenant is
while reducing investments in reconstruction.
equipped with a wireless energy meter to record usage, and
System Protection RF allows for isolation of

an Wireless Gateway is installed nearby to receive radio

sensitive equipment, reducing the chances of failure
due to power surges or severed cables.
signals (from up to 100 meters).
Greater Flexibility Equipment is no longer

The gateway then converts the energy data into industry

physically tied down. RF enables easy relocation
or an enterprise energy management software program such
within a building or outdoors without rewiring.
as Power Measurement's. Building managers can monitor

Ideal for sharp monitoring studies of individual

energy usage as real-time or logged data for anywhere in the
machines.
network. To extend the reach of wireless meters across
longer distances, an optional ION Wireless Repeater unit is
X. FUTURE SCOPE
also available in AC or solar-powered configurations. An

If consumer may try to tamper the meter by

electronic energy meter refers to a type of advanced meter
shorting the relay contacts, the receiver receives
that identifies consumption in more detail than a
more pulse than the credit, immediately all
conventional meter and optionally communicates that
microcontrollers energizes at receiver.
information via some network that to the local utility for the

The energy data management system with energy

monitoring and billing purpose.
theft identification.

Robust enclosures can be mounted inside or outside

building.

Energy software to plot record and analysis energy

consumption.

Can develop in to prepaid electronic energy meter.

Fig.4.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
Designed system yields an improved energy efficiency
compared with a normal utility interactive system. Two main
sources are connected alternatively depends on source
availability. This functionality achieved very perfectly in
proposed designed architecture. GSM Sends notifications to
the corresponding owner via email/SMS/GUI for
preprogrammed parameters like units, amount. All
mechanical structures designed in this project deployed with
more accuracy and all excellent performances.

XI. REFERENCES
[1] Amin, S. Mehmood, T. Reviewing the Technical Issues
for the Effective Construction of Automatic Meter Reading
System, ICM 2005, The 17th International Conference on
Microelectronics, PP.189 193, Dec13-15, 2005.
[2] C Y.L. Miao, X.L. Miao. Design and Application of
Embedded System Based on MICROCONTROLLER
LPC2104 Processor in Telemedicine, Proceedings of the
2005 IEEE. EMBAC 2005, Shanghai, China, Sep.1-4, 2005.
[3] Jean J. Labrosse, MicroC/OS-II the Real-Time Kernel
(Second Edition), Published by CMP Books, Ch. 1, 2002.
[4] Andrew N.Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright,
MICROCONTROLLER system developers guide:
designing and optimizing system software,American:
Elsevier PteLtd, 2005, pp. 1-306.
[5] Frank Vahid/ Tony Givargis Embedded System design:
A Unified Hardware/ Software.
[6] Architecture Programming Interfacing and System
Design, By Raj Kamal.
[7] MICROCONTROLLER System On Chip Architecture
By Stephen B Furber Pearson Publishers.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.22, September-2014, Pages: 4461-4465