2/3/2015

Two-Phase flow and Heat Transfer

Lecture-9, Feb 3, 2015
1

on
Applying Homogeneous model for
flow with phase change
Pradeep Kumar. P
Aerospace Engineering
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Valiamala (P.O)
Trivandrum-695547 (pradeepkumap@iist.ac.in)
Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE493 [B.Tech.]

Homogeneous model typical application

2
Pressure drop in a heated evaporator
tube(flow with phase change):

This is typical application in which, the

fluid enters a tube, whose outer wall has an
applied heat flux.

The inlet fluid temperature is less than the

saturation temperature at the operating
pressure. Outlet fluid temperature is at
The fluid begins to boil @ LNB from inlet of the tube
saturation temperature.

The exit quality continuously changes

along the flow with heat input.

To locate LNB, we use the energy balance equation:

"
(qaxial
A)
hH
h
p
p "
'
Ph
H AVH H VH A A qsurf
w cv
w PwVH
t
s
s
t
s

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

2/3/2015

Homogeneous model typical application

3

q '' Ph
dhH

m
ds

Energy equation simplifies to:

Till LNB is reached fluid is in single-phase:

h

q '' Ph
m

f ,sa t

dhH

hin

LNB

q '' c o n s t

ds

Simplifying the terms;

LNB

m [ h f , s a t h i n ]

q '' Ph

Now, in boiling section, the energy balance would yield the exit quality:
h e x it

d hH

f ,sa t

q '' Ph
m

L e x it

q '' Ph
LB
m

d s h e x it h f , s a t

LNB

q '' Ph

LB
m

( h f x e h fg ) h f

xe

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

q '' Ph L B
m h f g

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

Homogeneous model typical application

4

Consider the Momentum Equation:

m 2
)
P
AH
1 m
1
H

w w H g

A
t
A
s
A
s


(

p r e s s u r e g r a d ie n t

tr a n s ie n t

Term1, in LHS of Eq. 4

fr ic tio n a l

a c c e le r a tio n

out

s ds p

g r a v ita tio n a l

in

Term2, in RHS of Eq. 4

out

in

m 2

1 A H
s
A

p |acc

2
ds m
2
A

m 2
xe v fg
A2

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

LNB

v f
s

ds

m 2
A2

Lexit

LNB

vH
ds
s

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

2/3/2015

Homogeneous model typical application

5

Term3, in RHS of Eq. 4

out

w Pw

in

out

ds

LNB

w Pw

ds

Lexit

LNB

m 2 f
m 2 f
ds
LNB
2
2
A
2 f d h A
2 f d h A

w Pw

in

w Pw
A

ds

where,

lo2 1 x f 1 1 x f 1

ds

g

g

LNB

Lexit

2
lo

Using the energy equation, we can express x in terms of the heat flux input and
above expression becomes
out

in

L
2
2
q '' Ph f
m f lo
m f lo exit
ds
L
s ds
1

NB
2
2
fg g
A
2 f d h A
2 f d h A LNB mh

m 2 f
m 2 flo LB
f
q '' Ph

1
LNB
L

2
2
fg B g
2 f d h A
2 f d h A 2mh

w Pw

p | fric

x
m 2 flo
L LB 1 e f
2 NB

2 f d h A
2 g

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

Note: f is in Darcy form

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

Homogeneous model typical application

6

Term4, in RHS of Eq. 4

out

in
out

in

H g sin ds

LNB

H g sin ds

H g sin ds f g sin LNB

Lexit

H g sin ds

LNB
Lexit

LNB

1
g sin ds
xv fg

Using the energy equation, we can express x in terms of the heat flux input and
above expression becomes,

Lexit

1
f g sin LNB
g sin ds
''
q sPh
LNB
v fg
v f mh
fg

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

2/3/2015

Homogeneous model typical application

7

Continuing with simplification of Term4, in RHS of Eq. 4

LB

q '' sPh v fg
ln 1

fg v f
g
mh
0
f g sin LNB
v f q '' Ph v fg LB

fg v f LB
mh
The gravitational pressure drop now becomes,

v
ln 1 xe fg
v f

p |grav f g sin LNB g f sin LB

v
xe fg
v
f

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]

Homogeneous model typical application

8

Using Eq.5, Eq.6, Eq.7 and Eq. 8 in Eq.4, The overall pressure drop in the channel would
be of the form

ptotal

v
ln 1 xe fg
v f
x f
m f lo
m

2 xe v fg
LNB LB 1 e
f g sin LNB g f sin LB
A

2 f d h A2
2
v
g

xe fg
v
f
2

Note:

Note: f lo is in Darcy form

This models the total pressure drop in an inclined pipe flow using homogeneous
model approximations in a channel with single-phase length and two-phase
length with linear variation in quality.

One can easily extend the same above equation to model boiling channel with a
additional adiabatic length after the boiling section, where x is assumed constant.
However appropriate components of pressure drop terms gets added in the above
equation.

Aerospace Engineering, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram

AE 820 [M.Tech.] & AE 493 [B.Tech.]