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Q. 1.
A triangle ABC has sides AB = AC = 5cm and BC = 6 cm Triangle A B C is the reflection of the triangle
ABC in a line parallel to AB placed at a distance 2 cm from AB, outside the triangle ABC. Triangle A B C
is the reflection of the triangle A B C in a line parallel to B C placed at a distance of 2 cm From B C
outside the triangle A B C. Find the distance between A and A
(IIT JEE 1978 2 Marks)
Q. 2.
(a) If a circle is inscribed in a right angled triangle ABC with the right angle at B, show the diameter of the
circle is equal to AB + BC AC.
(b) If a triangle is inscribed in a circle, then the product of any two sides of the triangle is equal to the
product of the diameter and the perpendicular distance of the third side from the opposite vertex.
Prove the above statement.
(IIT JEE 1979 5 Marks)
Q. 3.
(a) A balloon is observed simultaneously from three points A, B and C on a straight road directly beneath
it. The angular elevation at B is twice that at A and the angular elevation at C is thrice that at A. If the
distance between A and B is a and the distance between B and C is b, find the height of the balloon in
terms of a and b.
(b) Find the area of the smaller pan of a disc of radius 10 cm, cut off by a chord AB which subtends an
angle of 22 at the circumference.
Q. 4.
ABC is a triangle. D is the middle point of BC. If AD is perpendicular to AC, then prove that
Cos A cos C = 2(c2 a2) / 3ac
Q. 5.
ABC is a triangle with AB = AC. D is any point on the side BC. E and F are point on the side AB and AC,
respectively; such that DE is parallel to AC, and DE is parallel to AB prove that
DF + FA + AE + ED = AB + AC
Q. 6.
(i) PQ is a vertical tower. P is the foot and Q is the top of the tower. A, B, C are three points in the
horizontal plane through P. The angles of elevation of Q from A, B, C are equal, and each is equal to .
The sides of the triangle ABC are a, b, c and the area of the triangle ABC is . Show that the height of the
tower is abc tan /A
(IIT JEE 1980 5 Marks)
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(ii) AB is a vertical pole. The end A is on the level ground. C is the middle point of AB. P is a point on the
level ground. The portion CB subtends an angle at P. If AP = n AB, then show that tan = n/2n2 + 1
Q. 7.
Let the angles A, B, C of a triangle ABC be in A. P. and let b : c = 3 : 2. Find the angle A.
(IIT JEE 1987 2 Marks)
Q. 8.
A vertical pole stands at a point Q on a horizontal ground. A and B are points on the, ground, d meters
apart. The pole subtends angles and at A and B respectively. AB subtends an angle at Q. Find the
height of the pole.
(IIT JEE 1982 3 Marks)
Q. 9.
Four ships A, B, C and D is at sea in the following relative positions: B is on the straight line segment AC,
B is due north of D and D is due west of C. The distance between B and D is 2 km. BDA = 40, BCD =
25. What is the distance between A and D? [Take sin 25 = 0.423]
(IIT JEE 1983 3 Marks)
Q. 10.
The ex radii r1, r2, r3 of ABC are in H. P. Show that its sides a, b, c are in A.P. (IIT JEE 1983 3 Marks)
Q. 11.
For a triangle ABC it is given that cos A + cos B + cos C = 3/2 Prove that the triangle is equilateral.
(IIT JEE 1984 4 Marks)
Q. 12.
With usual national, if in a triangle ABC;
b + c/11 = c + a/12 = a + b/13 then prove that cos A/7 = cos B/19 = cos C/25. (IIT JEE 1984 4 Marks)
Q. 13.
A ladder rests against a wall at angle to the horizontal. Its foot is pulled away from the wall through a
distance a, so that it sides a distance b down the wall making an angle with the horizontal. Show that a
= b tan 1/2 ( + )
(IIT JEE - 1985 5 Marks)
Q. 14.
In a triangle ABC, the median to the side BC is of length
And it divides the angle A into angles 30 and 45. Find the length of the side BC.
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Q. 15.
If in a triangle ABC, cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin C = 1, Show that a : b : c = 1 : 1 : 2
(IIT JEE -1986 5 Marks)
Q. 16.
A man observes a tower AB of height h from a point P on the ground. He moves a distance d towards the
foot of the tower and finds that the angle of elevation has doubled. He further moves a distance 3/4 d in
the same direction and finds that the angle of elevation is three times that at P. Prove that 36h2 = 35d2.
(IIT JEE 1986 5 Marks)
Q. 17.
A 2 meter long object is fired vertically upwards from the mid-point of two locations A and B, 8 meters
apart. The speed of the object after t seconds is given by ds/dt = (2t + 1) meter per second. Let and
be the angles subtended by the object A and B, respectively after one and two seconds. Find the
(IIT JEE 1987 3 Marks)
value of cos ( ).
Q. 18.
A sign post in the form of an isosceles triangle ABC is mounted on a pole of height h fixed to the
ground. The base BC of triangle is parallel to the ground. A man standing on the ground at a
distance d from the sign post find that the top vertex A of the triangle subtends an angle and
either of the other two vertices subtends the same angle at his feet. Find the area of the triangle
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Q. 22.
In a triangle of base a the ratio of the other two sides is r (< 1). Show that the altitude of the
triangle of the triangle is less than or equal to ar/ 1 r2
(IIT JEE 1991 4 Marks)
Q. 23.
A man notices two objects in a straight line due west. After walking a distance c due north he
observes that the objects subtend an angle at his eye; and, after walking a further distance 2c due
north, an angle . Show that the distance between the objects is 8c/3 cot cot ; the height of the
man is being ignored.
(IIT JEE 1991 4 Marks)
Q. 24.
Three circles touch the one another externally. The tangents at their point of contact meet at a point
whose distance from a point of content is 4. Find the product of the radii to the sum of the radii of
the circles
(IIT JEE 1992 4 Marks)
Q. 25.
An observer at O notices that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30. The line joining O to
the base of the tower makes an angle of tan-1 (1/ 2) with the North and is inclined eastwards. The
observer travels a distance of 300 meters towards the North to a point A and finds the tower to his
East. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower at A is , Find and the height of the tower
(IIT JEE 1993 5 Marks)
Q. 26.
A tower AB leans towards west making an angle with the vertical. The angular elevation of B, the
topmost point of the tower is as observed from a point C due west of A at a distance d from A. If the
angular elevation of B from a point D due east of C at a distance 2d from C is , then prove that
2 tan = - cot + cot .
Q. 27.
Let A1, A2 . . . , An ne the vertices of an n sided regular polygon such that 1/A1 A2 = 1/A1 A3 + 1/A1
A4, Find the value of n.
(IIT JEE 1994 4 Marks)
Q. 28.
Consider the following statements concerning a triangle ABC
Q. 29.
A semicircular is AB of length 2 L and a vertical tower PQ are situated in the same vertical plane.
The feet A and B of the arch and the base Q of the tower are at the same horizontal level, with B
between A and Q. A man at A finds the tower hidden from his view due to the arch. He starts
crawling up the arch and just sees the topmost point P of the tower after covering a distance L/2
along the arch. He crawls further to the topmost point of the arch and notes the angle of elevation of
P to be . Compute the height of the tower in terms L and .
(IIT JEE - 1997 C 5 Marks)
Q. 30.
Let A, B, C be three angles such that A = /4 and tan B tan C = P. Find all possible values of p such
(IIT JEE 1997 C 5 Marks)
that A, B, C are the angles of triangle.
Q. 31.
A bird flies in a circle on a horizontal plane. An observer stands at a point on the ground. Suppose
60 and 30 are the maximum and the minimum angles of elevation of the bird and that they occur
when the bird is at the points P and Q respectively on its path. Let be the angle of elevation of the
bird when it is a point on the arc of the circle exactly midway between P and Q. Find the numerical
value of tan2 . (Assume that the observer is not inside the vertical projection of the path of the
bird.)
(IIT JEE 1998 8 Marks)
Q. 32.
Prove that a triangle ABC is equilateral if and only if
tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3.
Q. 33.
Let ABC be a triangle having O and I as its circumcenter and in centre respectively. If, R and r are the
circumradius and the inradius, respectively, then prove that (10)2 = R2 2Rr. Further show that the
triangle BIO is a right angled triangle if and only if b is arithmetic mean of a and c.
(IIT JEE 1999 10 Marks)
Q. 34.
Let ABC be a triangle with indenter I and inradius r. Let D, E, F be the feet of the perpendiculars from I to
the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. If r1, r2 and r3 are the radii of circles inscribed in the quadrilaterals
AFIE, BDIF and CEID respectively, prove that
(IIT JEE 2000 7 Marks)
r1/r r1 + r2/r - r2 + r3/r r3 = r1 r2 r3/(r r1) (r r2) (r r3).
Q. 35.
If is the area of a triangle with side lengths a, b, c, then show that 1/4 (a + b + c) abc. Also show
that the equality occurs in the above inequality if and only if a = b = c. (IIT JEE 2001 6 Marks)
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Q. 36.
If In is the area of n sided regular polygon inscribes in a circle of unit radius and On be the area of the
polygon circumscribing the given circle, prove that
(IIT JEE 2003 4 Marks)
In = On/2 (1 + 1
) )
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From figure AA = 4cm and AA = 12 cm. So to find AA it suffices to know AAA, clearly
AAA = 90 + where sin = 3/5
cos AAA = cos (90 + ) = sin = -3/5 and hence
AA = (AA) 2 + (A A) 2 2AA x A A. cos (90 + )
= 16 + 144 + 96 x 3/5
= 1088/5 = 817/5 cm.
Sol 2.
(a) In radius of the circle is given by
r = (s b) tan B/2 = (a + b + c/2
b) tan /4 = a + c b/2
2 r = a + c b Diameter = BC + AB AC
(b) Given a ABC in which AD BC, AE is diameter of circumcircle of ABC.
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To prove:
AB x AC = AE x AD
Construction: Join BE
Proof: ABE = 90 ( in a semi-circle)
Now in s ABE and ADC
ABE = ADC
(each 90)
AEB = ACD
ABE ~ ADC
(by AA similarity)
AB/AD = AE/AC
AB x AC x = AD x AR (Proved)
Sol 3.
(a) By exterior angle theorem, in the adjacent fig.
APB = BPC =
Also in ABP, BAP = APB =
AB = PB = a
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
AOB = 45
r = 10 cm
Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector AOB area of AOB
= 1/8 r2 1/2 x 10 x 10 sin 45 (Using = 1/2 bc sin A) = 3.14 x 100/8 50/2 = 3.91 sq. cm.
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Sol 4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
) (
= 2(c2 a2)/3ac
Sol 5.
Given that AB = AC
1 = 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
DE = BE
Now, DF + FA + AE +ED = CF + FA + AE + BE
= AC + AB [using equation (3) and (4)]
Sol 6.
(i) Let h be the height of tower PQ.
In APQ tan = h/AP AP = h/tan
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= 1/2n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
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Sol 11.
Given that in ABC
Cos A + cos B + cos C = 3/2
b2 + c2 a2/2bc + a2 + c2 b2/2ac + a2 + b2 c2/2ab = 3/2
ab2 + ac2 a3 + a2b + bc2 b3 + ac2 + b2 c c3 = 3abc
ab2 + ac2 + bc2 + ba2 + ca2 + cb2 - 6abc = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc
a(b c)2 + b(c a)2 + c(a b)2 = (a + b + c/2) [(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 ]
(a + b c) (a b)2 + (b + c a) (b c)2 + (c + a b) (c a)2 = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
a+b>c
b +c > a *sum of any two sides of a is greater than the third side
As we know that
c+a>b
Each part on the LHS of eq. (1) has +ve coeff. Multiplied by perfect square, each must be
separately zero
a b = 0; b c = 0; c a = 0 a = b = c
Hence is an equilateral
ALTERNATE SOLUTION:
Given that cos A + cos B + cos C = 3/2 in ABC
2 cos A + B/2 cos A B/2 = 3/2 cos C
2 sin C/2 cos A B/2 = 3 2 cos C/2
2 sin C/2 cos A B/2 = 3 2(1 2 sin2 C/2/4 sin C/2
cos (A B/2) = 1 + 4 sin2 C/2 / 4 sin C/2
cos (A B/2) = 1 + 4 sin2 C/2 4 sin C/2 + 4 sin C/2 / 4 sin C/2
cos( A B/2) = (1 2 sin C/2)2/4 sin C/2 + 1
Which is possible only when
1 2 sin C/2 = 0 sin C/2 = 1/2
C/2 = 30 C = 60
Also then cos A B/2 = 1 A B/2 = 0 A B=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
And A + B = 180 - 60 = 120 A + B = 120
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
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ABC is an equilateral .
Sol 12.
Given that, in ABC,
b + c/11 = c + a/12 = a + b/13
Where a, b, c are the lengths of sides, BC, CA and AB respectively.
Let b + c/11 = c + a/12 = a + b/13 = k
b + c = 11 k
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
c + a = 11 k
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
a + b = 13 k
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
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OA = cos
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
OQ = sin
2sin
sin
a
2 2
b
2 cos
sin
2
2
a/b = tan ( + /2)
Thus , a = b tan ( + /2) is proved
Sol 14.
Let AD be the median in ABC.
Let B = then C = 105 -
In ABD, using sine law, we get
BD/sin 30 = AD/sin 3 BD = AD/2 sin
In ACD, using sine law, we get
DC/sin 45 = AD/sin (105 - ) DC = AD/2 sin(105 - )
As BD = DC
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AB=0
A=B
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Let RB = x
BQR is ext of PBQ
PBQ = 2 =
Now in PBQ, PBQ, = QPB
PQ = QB = d
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(II)
(III)
4 = 9 12 sin2
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Sol 17.
t = 0, s = OP = 2
k=2
s = t2 + t + 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
For
For
OR = OS RS = 6
Also, OQ = 4
QR = OR OQ = 6 4 = 2
OP = PQ = QR = RS = 2
As per the condition of the question, PQ and RS, the position of the object at t = 1 and t = 2 subtend
angles and at A and B respectively.
Now let PAO = so that tan = 2/4 = 1/2
Also tan ( + ) = 4/4 = 1
Now, tan = tan [( + ) ]
= tan ( + ) tan /1 + tan ( + ) tan =
sin = 1/10 and cos = 3/10
= 1/3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
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y2 + d2 = h2 cot2
y = h2 cot2 d2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
In ALM,
tan 45 = LM/MA LM = MA
MA = h
3 = h/BM BM = h/3
(100)2 = h2 + h2/3
4h2/3 = 10000
h = 50 3 m.
Sol 20.
Let PQ = h
As A and B are located to the south and east of P respectively,
APB = 90. M is mid pt of AB. PAM is an equilateral
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APM = 60 :
Also PN AB, therefore AN = NM = 20 m
AP = 40 m
Let angles of elevation of top of the tower from A, N and B be , and respectively. ATQ, tan = 2
In PQN
tan = PQ/PN
Also in APM, APM = 60 (being equilateral ) and PN is altitude APN = 30(as in equilateral
altitude bisects the vertical angle.
In APN tan APN = AN/PN
tan 30= 20 / h/2 [Using eq. (1)]
h/23 = 20 h = 403m.
In APQ tan = h/AP tan = 403/40 = 3
= 60 Also in ABQ tan = h/PB but in rt PNB
PB =
= (203) + (60)
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We have, in ABD,
h = c sin B = c a sin B/a
. .
Now we have OA = c, AB = 2c
Let CO = x and CD = d
Let
tan = cx + cd cx/x2 + dx + c2
x2 + c2 + xd = cd cot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
Again in ADO
tan = 3c/x +d
tan 1 = 3c/x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
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(Herons formula)
r = /s
Sol 25.
Let PQ be the tower of height h. A is in the north of O and P is towards east of A.
OAP = 90
QOP = 30
QAP =
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When in ABH
tan = AH/h AH = h tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
In BCH, tan = h/CH CH = h cot
d AH = h cot
d = h (tan + cot ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
(Using eqn (1))
In BDH, tan = BH/HD h/AH + d
AH + d = cot
d = h (cot tan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
(Using eqn (1))
Comparing the values of d from (2) and (3), we get
h(tan + cot ) = h (cot tan )
2 tan = cot cot Hence Proved
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
KEY CONCEPT:
OL A1 A2
A1 ON = 3 /n
In OA1 N, sin 3 /2 = A1 N/O A1
A1 N = O A1 sin 3 /h/n
A1 N4 = 2A1 N = 2a sin 3/n / 2 sin /n
But given that
1/A1 A2 = 1/A1 A3 + 1/A1 A4
1/a = 1/a sin 2/n / sin /n
cos 7 /2n = 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) [ B + C = 3 /4]
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p + 1 - 2 p + 2 / 2(p 1) 0
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= 3/5
Sol 32.
Let ABC is an equilateral then
A = B = C = 60
tan A + tan B tan C = 35
Conversely, suppose
tan A + tan B + tan C = 33 . . . . . . . . . . (1)
Now using A. M. G. M. (equality occurs when nos are equal)
For tan A, tan B, tan C, we get
tan A + tan B + tan C/3 (tan A tan B tan C)1/3
NOTE THIS STEP :
But in any ABC, know that
tan A + tan B tan C = tan A tan B tan C
Last inequality becomes
tan A + tan B + tan C/3 (tan A + tan B + tan C)1/3
(tan A + tan B + tan C)2/3 3
tan A + tan B + tan C 33
Where equality occurs when tan A, tan B, tan C are equal, i.e. A = B = C
ABC is equilateral.
Sol 33.
In ABC, O and I are circumcentre and indenter of respectively and R and r are the respective
radii of circum circle and in circle.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
where OA = R
In AID, sin A/2 = r/AI
AI = r/sin A/2
= 4R sin B/2 sin C/2 [Using r = 4R sin A/2 sin B/2 sin C/2]
Also, OAI = IAE - OAE
= A/2 (90 - AOE)
= A/2 - 90 + 1/2 AOC
= A/2 - 90 + 1/2. 2B ( O is circumcentre AOC = 2B)
= A/2 + B A + B + C/2
= B C/2
Substituting all these values in equation (1) we get
Cos (B C)/2 = R2 + 16 R2 sin2 B/2 sin2 c/2 OI2 | 2.R.4 R sin C/2
OI2 = R2 + 16R2 sin2 B/2 sin2 C/2 8R2 sin B/2 sin C/2 cos B C/2
= R2 [1 + sin B/2 sin C/2{2 sin B/2 sin C/2 cos B C/2 }]
= R2 [1 + 8 sin B/2 sin C/2 {2 sin B/2 sin C/2 cos B/2 cos C/2 sin B/2 sin C/2}]
= R2 [1 + 8 sin C/2 { sin B/2 sin C/2 cos B/2 cos C/2]
= R2 [1-8 sin B/2 sin C/2 cos B + C/2]
= R2 [1 8 sin A/2 sin B/2 sin C/2]
= R2 2R. 4R sin A/2 sin B/2 sin C/2
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IP = r r3
Also 21 + 22 + 23 = 2 1 + 2 + 3 =
tan 1 tan 2 + tan 1 3 = tan 1. tan 2. tan 3
NOTE THIS STEP:
= r1/r r1 + r2/r r2 + r/r r3 = r1 r2 r3/(r r1) (r r2) (r r3)
Sol 35.
We know, = s (s a) (s b) (s c)
= s/8 (b + c a) (c + a b) (a + b c)
Since sum of two sides is always greater than third side;
b + c a, c + a b, a + b c > 0
(s a) (s b) (s c) > 0
Let
s a = x. s b = y, s c = z
Now, x + y = 2 s a b = c
Similarly, y + z = a
And z + x = b
Since AM GM
x +y/2 xy 2xy a y + z/2 yz 2yz b z + x/2 xz 2xz c 8xyz abc
(s a) (s b) (s c) 1/8 abc
s (s a) (s b) (s c) sabc/8
1/16 (a + b + c) abc 1/4 abc (a + B + c)
And equality holds when x = y = z a = b = c
Sol 36.
Let OAB be one triangle out of n on a n sided polygon inscribed in a circle of radius 1.
OA = OB = I
Using Area of isosceles with vertical and equal
Sided as r = 1/2r2 sin = 1/2 sin 2/n
In = n/2 sin 2/n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
Further consider the n sided polygon subscribing on the circle.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
2
n
2l
Or 2ln/On 1 = 1 n
n
2l
RHS = 1 n = =1 sin2 2/n (From (1))
n
= cos (2/n) Hence Proved.
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