Get Homework/Assignment Done

Homeworkping.com
Homework Help
https://www.homeworkping.com/
Research Paper help
https://www.homeworkping.com/
Online Tutoring
https://www.homeworkping.com/
click here for freelancing tutoring sites
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
ANNEXURE-II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1. Name of the candidate and address
(in block letters)

2. Name of the Institution

Dr. RASHMI SINHA

Dept of Biochemistry,
M.R Medical College,
Gulbarga 585105
H.K.E Societys
M.R Medical college,
Gulbarga-585105

3. Course of Study and subject

M.D. (Biochemistry)

4. Date of Admission of Course

28-4- 2009

5. Title of the topic

STUDY OF SERUM & URINE

PROTEIN THIOLS IN ESSENTIAL
HYPERTENSION

6. Brief Resume of the Intended work

6.1. Need for the Study:

Essential hypertension is common in developed

societies & is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease. It is likely to be the one of
the consequences of an interaction between
environmental & genetic factors.1
Several previous studies have indicated that
essential hypertension is a state of increased

oxidative stress with increased reactive oxygen

species (ROS) & imbalance of ROS & the
antioxidant defense mechanism.2,3
The thiol group on proteins has an important
role in antioxidant status of the body. This group
of serum proteins especially albumin has been
suggested to play an important role as antioxidant
in plasma & extravascular spaces4. Several
investigators suggested the enhanced thiol groups
oxidation involved in the pathogenesis of
renovascular hypertension.5,6,7 However, the
information regarding oxidative protein damage
in patients with essential hypertension have not
been studied exclusively & there is paucity of
information in the literature in this regard.

6.2. Review of Literature:

6.3. Objective of the study:

7. Material and methods

As it is well known fact that about 6% to 40% of

uncontrolled hypertension is associated with
proteinuria & albumin is a major protein excreted
in urine of patient.8,9,10 The current study is
designed to establish the relationship between
serum albumin & protein thiols with protein
bound thiols in the urine of essential hypertensive
patients.
In humans, hypertension is also considered as a
state of oxidative stress that can contribute to the
development of atherosclerosis.11
Previous studies promoted the view that essential
hypertension is a state of increased oxidative
stress and the data on oxidative protein
modification is lacking. 2
Available evidences supports a role of protein
thiol groups in this process as they represent a
well known target reactive species12,13
Indrajit Sinha et al 14 found that markers of
oxidative stress correlated significantly with
proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome patients, which
is in accordance to the previous studies.
Among hypertensive subjects, patients with
microalbuminuria have increased risk of
cardiovascular complications.15,16
The present study aims to assess the changes in
the serum & urine protein thiol level in essential
hypertensive patients.

7.1 Source of Data:

The study would be undertaken at Basaveshwar

Teaching and General Hospital attached to
M.R.Medical College, Gulbarga.
Present study consists of 50 clinically diagnosed
cases of essential hypertension in the department
of Medicine during the period of Dec 2009 to
June 2011.
Controls would consist of non-hypertensive
persons who will be carefully selected &
examined in detail with age & sex matched.

7.2 Methods of collection data:

(including sampling procedure if
any)

Inclusion Criteria:

Exclusion Criteria:
7.3 DDoes the study required any
investigation & intervention to
be conducted on patients or
other humans or animals? If so,
please describe briefly.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been
obtained from your institution
in case of 7.3

Under aseptic conditions, blood samples will be

drawn into plain vacutainers from the antecubital
vein .The collected blood will be allowed to clot
& then centrifuge at 2000rpm for 15 minute for
clear separation of serum.
From the same cases & controls, 24hr urine
samples will be collected in bottles containing
toluene & will be then assayed for urinary
proteins & protein thiols.
Methods- Serum & Urine protein thiols will be
measured by Spectrophotometric method using
5,5`dithio-bis2-nitrobenzoicacid(DTNB),Serum
creatinine, serum albumin, urinary total proteins
and creatinine levels will be estimated by
spectrophotometric
methods
using
an
Semiautoanalyser (ERBA-CHEM 7).
Cases clinically diagnosed as essential
hypertension in department of Medicine at
Basaveshwar Teaching & General Hospital,
attached to M.R.Medical College, Gulbarga.
Cases of essential hypertension associated with
Diabetes, obesity, Smoking and other types of
Hypertension.
The present study requires investigation to
conduct on humans as per ethical guidelines.
Volunteer written informed consent will be
obtained from all the patients & controls of the
study.
Yes, Ethical clearance has been obtained from the
ethical committee of the institution for the study.

8. List of References
1.Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine: 17th edition pg.no.-

1554.

2.SimicDV,Mimic-OkaJ,Pljesa-Ercegovac,Savic-adojevic,Opacic M,MaticD,Ivanovic B and

Simic. Journal of human hypertension.8 Dec 2005;doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001945.
3.Stocker&Keaney.Role of oxidative modifications in Atherosclerosis.PhysiolRev 2003;
84:1381- 1478.
4.HalliwellB;Antioxidants&human disease; a general introduction,Nutr Rev1997,55,544-552.
5.Inagi R, Miyata T .Oxidative protein damage with carbohydrates & lipids in uremia:Carbonyl
stressBlood Purif 1999; 17:95-98.
6.Himmelfarb J,McMonagle E,McMenamin E .Plasma protein thiol oxidation & carbonyl
formation in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 2000; 58:2571-2578.
7. Mimic Oka J ,Simic T, Pljesa M, Stupar N, Turkovic S. Oxidative modifications of plasma
proteins in different stages of chronic renal failure.Facta Univarsitalis 2001;8:1-5.
8.G.Crippa.Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: Journalof Human Hypertension 2002 ;
16 :S74 S77.
9.Rosa,Torres Tania;Palatini,Paolo.Clinical value of microalbuminaria in
of human Hypertention, June-2000-Volume18-Issue6 p 645-654.

hypertention.Journal

10.Barry M Brenner,The Kidney,8th edition, page no. 1473-1474.

11. Romero JC, Reckelhoff JF. Role of angiotensin and oxidative stress in essential
hypertension. Hypertension. 1999; 34:943949.

12.Lohose DL, Denu JM, Santoro N and Dixon JI: Role of

aspartic acid-181 and Serine
-222 in intermediate formation and hydrolysis of mammalian protein-tyrosine-phosphatase
PTPI.Biochemistry36:4568-4575, 1997.
13.Zhang ZYand Dixon JE:Active site labeling of the Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase the
determination of the pKa of the active site cysteine and the function of the conserved histidine
402;Biochemistry 32:9340-9345.
14.SinhaIndrajit,GhoshSandip,Prasenjit Dey,Jose Jacob andDibyajyoti Banerjee. Reduction of
urinary thiols in nephrotic syndrome- a possible effect of free iron: Clinica chimica Acta;
Volume 355, issues 1 2: May 2005.
15.Redon J et al.Factors related to the presence of microalbuminuria in essential
hypertention.Am J Hypertens 1994; 801-807.
16. Pedrinelli P et al.Microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in essential
hypertention.Lancet 1994;344:14-18.
9.

Signature of the Candidate

10. Remarks of the Guide

11.

Essential hypertension is a state of oxidative stress.

Because of such oxidative environment, it could
lead to decrease in serum and urine protein
thiols.The present study is taken up to establish the
changes during essential hypertension.
Recommended & Forwarded for kind acceptance.

Name and Designation

of (in block letters)

11.1. Guide

Dr. JAGADISH B. INGIN, M.D.

PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY,
MAHADEVAPPA RAMPURE MEDICAL
COLLEGE, GULBARGA.

11.2. Signature

11.3. Co-Guide

11.4. Signature

Dr. BASAVARAJ MANGASHETTY M.D

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT OF MEDICINE ,
MAHADEVAPPA RAMPURE MEDICAL
COLLEGE, GULBARGA .

11.5. Head of the Department

11.6. Signature
12.
12.1. Remarks of the Chairman
and Principal
12.2. Signature

Dr. JAGADISH B. INGIN M.D.

PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY,
MAHADEVAPPA RAMPURE MEDICAL
COLLEGE, GULBARGA