EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

INTRODUCTION
Titration is a quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of an acid
that is required to neutralise a fixed or known volume of an alkali and vice
versa. The endpoint of a titration is the point at which neutralisation occurs
completely. It is the point when all hydrogen ions, H+, combine with all the
hydroxide ions, OH- in the solution to form water, which is neutral. The end
point of titration can be determined by the methods.
1. The use of acid-base indicators such as methyl orange and
phenolphthalein.
2. Measuring the pH values of the solution during titration using
computer interface
3. Measuring the electrical conductivity of the solution during
titration.
Acid-base indicators are chemical that indicate different colours when pH value
of the solution changes.
INDICATOR
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange
Litmus paper
Universal
indicator

COLOUR IN MEDIUM
ALKALI
NEUTRAL
Purple
Colourless
Yellow
Orange
Blue
Purple
Purple
Green

ACID
Colourless
Red
Red
Red

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

OBJECTIVES
To prepare a standard solution of hydrochloric acid
To familiarize with the techniques of acid base titration.
To determine the unknown concentration of acid solutions using titration
technique.

APPARATUS

Burette
Conical flask
Beaker 100ml
Weighing bottle
Pipette 10ml 25ml
Measuring cylinder 10 to 25ml

CHEMICAL REAGENTS

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution 0.2 M

Concentrated Hydrochloric acid
Phenolphthalein
Vinegar

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

PROCEDURE
METHOD:
A. Preparation of hydrochloric solution.
1. Pipette 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution into 100
ml volumetric flask.
2. Add enough distilled water to bring the solution level even with
etched line on neck of the flask.
3. Stopper the flask and shake it well.
4. Pipette 20ml of solution into 2 conical flask and label A flask and
B flask.
B. Titration of hydrochloric acid NaOH
1. Clean the burette and rinse it with some NaOH 0.2M solution.
Discard the used solution.
2. Fill the burette with NaOH 0.2M solution and record the initial
reading. Ensure that the burette is full and there are no air bubbles.
3. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein to the oxalic acid prepared in part
A and begin titrate it with 0.2M NaOH.
4. During titration, swirls the conical flask continuously.
5. The end point is obtained when a light pink colour appears for 30
seconds.
6. Record the final reading.
7. Repeat titration with second sample.
8. The results of these titration should be calculated immediately. If
the molarities calculated do not complement each other within 0.1
unit, a third titration should be carried out.
C. Determine of molar concentration of vinegar (CH3COOH)
1. Pipette 10.0ml vinegar into two concical flask
2. Add 50ml distilled water and 3 drops of phenolphthalein into each
sample.
3. Titrate each sample with 0.2M NaOH using the same method as in
Part B.

RESULTS
3

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

1. Record all your readings into a table.

METHOD B

EXPERIMENT 1
Final reading of
burette/ cm3
Initial reading of
burette/ cm3
Volume of titre/ cm3

EXPERIMENT 2

18.6

18.4

0.0

0.0

18.6

18.4

Average volume of titre = 18.6 + 18.4

2
= 18.5 cm3

METHOD C

Final reading of
burette/ cm3
Initial reading of
burette/ cm3
Volume of titre/ cm3

EXPERIMENT 1
4.5

EXPERIMENT 2
4.4

0.0

0.0

4.5

4.4

Average volume of titre= 4.5 + 4.4

2
= 4.45 cm3
2. Write the chemical reactions ( equation ) of both method B and method
C.
(Method B) - NaOH + HCl
4

NaCl + H2O

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

(Method C) NaOH + CH3COOH

NaCH3COO + H2O

3. Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid (method B) and vinegar

(method C) by using acid base titration formula.

METHOD B
Concentration of hydrochloric acid: ( HCl )
MaVa
MbVb

a
b

Ma(20) = 1
(0.2)(18.5) 1
20Ma = 1
3.7
1
20 Ma = 3.7
Ma = 3.7
20
Ma = 0.185 mol

METHOD C
Concentration of vinegar ( CH3COOH )
MaVa
MbVb

a
b
5

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

Ma(10) = 1
(0.2)(4.45) 1
10Ma = 1
1.89 1
10 Ma = 0.89
Ma = 0.89
10
Ma = 0.089 mol

DISCUSSION/QUESTIONS
1. Calculate the molar concentration of concentrated HCL for method A.
M =
mole
Volume(dm3,l)
= 0.185
0.02
6

EXPERIMENT TITLE : ACID BASE TITRATION

= 9.25 M
2. Can I titrate a solution of unknown concentration with another solution of
unknown concentration and still get a meaningful answer? Explain your
answer in a few sentences.
Titration is a neutralisation reaction used to find unknown
concentration of acids and bases. You cannot do a titration without
knowing the molarity of at least one of the substances, because youd
then be solving one equation with two unknowns (the unknowns being
M1 and M2). Which is nearly impossible.

CONCLUSION
It is found from this experiment that acids reacts with bases to give
salt and water.