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Cornell Catholic
JiL
vJ jTi
v^
Union Library,
CATHOLICISM,
AND
LIBERALISM,
^vm^txia
iv.
tjiett
By JOHN
SOCIALISM.
iFunKammtal ^rinttplea.
DONOSO CORTES,
MARQUIS OF VALDEGAMAS.
A.B., S.TH.L.
DUBLIN
M. H.
GILL &
SO]Sr,
50
UPPER SACKVILLE
1879.
ft
ST.
;?S'sr/f
5"
J\, l'2-z.^^2>
PEIHTED BY
M. H.
pjb
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
WHEN
first
and Socialism
Catholicism, Liberalism,
enchanted with
it
its
so
amazed
it
contained
it,
that
at the profoundness of
determined,
if
time and
its
tran-
my
my
but
in
was so
till
the present
time.
And now
that
venture to give
it
my
many
task
at last accomplished, I
is
defects
member
frequently
is,
had
Any
may
be,
and
But
is
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
iv
to
know
I fall far
short of
what
aimed
at
I feel it is
beyoild
my
skill to
content
if I
the mark.
trait of
I shall
If I
well done
be quite
and
my
readers, I
am
filled
my work
as
from
With regard
asked
well
my
to the plan
distinguished friend
known
a style becoming a
has done
it
man
willingly,
on unreasonably short
And
in
he
notice, as
endowed with
all
by another
correct judgment.
THE TRANSLATOR.
Salamanca,
CONTENTS.
Introduction,
......
BOOK
PAGE
i
I.
ON CATHOLICISM.
CHAPTER
How
I.
......
is
CHAPTER
II.
Of
Of
CHAPTER
Catholicity
is
love,
CHAPTER
Our Lord
.24
HI.
.
......
.....
CHAPTER
34
IV.
53
V.
sanctity of
58
CONTENTS.
viii
CHAPTER
VI.
......
PAGB
Our Lord Jesus Christ has triumphed over the World by exclusively
supernatural means,
64
CHAPTER VH.
The
same
........
obstacles,
vifhich
Christ,
BOOK
79
II.
......
CHAPTER L
On
CHAPTER
Answers
to
some questions
relative to this
CHAPTER
Manicheeism of Proudhon,
CHAPTER
How
IL
dogma,
.113
IV.
......
CHAPTER
123
V.
....
100
III.
dogmas of Providence and Liberty are saved by Catholicity, without falling into the theory of rivalry between God
and Man,
the
93
all
134
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
mity of
VI.
.......
........
Human
prevarications
sin,
CHAPTER
How God
CHAPTER
Human
prevari-
CHAPTER
.
167
.179
X.
Conclusion of
BOOK
IX.
CHAPTER
Gontinuation of the same subject
156
VIII.
Socialistic Solutions,
144
VII.
cation,
PAGE
this
Book,
195
III.
CHAPTER
Transmission of Sin,
dogma
CHAPTER
How God
.217
II.
.....
draws good from Sin and Penalty, and from the purifying
CHAPTER
Dogma
I.
of Imputation,
of Solidarity
228
III.
240
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
Continuation of the same subject
IV.
CHAPTER
Continuation of the same subject,
2S7
V.
.
CHAPTER
Dogmas
PAGE
Socialistic Contradictions,
.279
VI.
Bloody
........
Correlative of
that of
Solidarity
Sacrifices
ment,
CHAPTER
Recapitulation
sity of
Inefficacy
of
all
The
VII.
....
the proposed
CHAPTER
Incarnation of the
Human
Race,
Solutions Neces-
CHAPTER
Continuation of the same subject
305
VIII.
290
of the
S'S
IX.
Conclusion of
this
Book,
325
INTRODUCTION.
DONOSO Cortes
is
If the
many and
varied pro-
him
work now
from
It
title
of Essays
but this
True merit
edifice
he has
built
up
characteristically presents
real virtue is
known
itself.
which
befell the
Roman Empire
he creates
who
St Augustine,
INTRODUCTION.
St
Thomas aims
"Sum "
and
is
of the
human
heart he displays.
not venture to
what
is
known
in their respective
sight, a simple
errors
more,
of the
it is
the "
Sum
"
civilisation,
it
more
is
it
is
much
City of
Thomas
like the
"
God
it is
Divine
"
it is
theology, like
Comedy
"
it
is
a pro-
INTRODUCTION.
of Bossuet and
other historians
all
Spain
possible to decipher.
may
for
is
without the
an enigma im-
and
glorious
sublime apology of
the most
and
the
refutation
victorious
is
religion,
Socialism.
And
let
it
it
who
creative artist,
discovers
new
method of
he
it is
as a
and
If
Our author
his own.
paints,
beauty by some
is
who
birds.
He
is
like
without
The
confusion,
it
group of innumerable
is
states,
it
objects.
treats of,
it
deals
method
it
it
it
mani-
INTRODUCTION.
4
fests
for,
Donoso
great, consists
in
The
before.
Essays
"
merit of
it
human
"
and
are original
is
the hive of
aspect with
is
first
to the
last page.
But
there
is
From
troversy.
which he denies
shows error
all
discussions
with
Donoso only
rights.
Donoso
error,
teaches,
its
and
and
in teach-
is,
he needs not
apologists go
to
its
or points out
ing
is
it
down
it.
to,
truth,
enter on a
Whilst other
by one
stroke of his
arm
fairy edifices
crumble tq
assumes a thousand
forms, and
other, but
presents
it
it
up tq the
men
INTRODUCTION.
enough assuredly to
hide
its
The
fill it
make
it
dishonoured head.
reader
this
There
character.
in the
no dogma of
is
faith,
nor hierarchy
human
the practical
life
of nations
Donoso Cortes
is
politician, apologist
limits himself to
life.
scientific
of
The mystery
its
have
but not as a
As we
all
like
man who
who
a genius,
of faith, defended
by dogmatic
without profaning
and makes
it
by
and
the Church
society.
He
demonstrate
prophecies.
life,
Church
scripture
tion of society.
tion of the
it,
is
is
tradition.
life
of
the
and
Church, a pro-
introduction:
of the
rehabilitation,
as
eyes of men.
God had no
The
without explanation.
lies
miracle
own words
As
and the
of the heavens
earth,
He
desires
man
that
the creation of
Christian civilisation.
The foregoing
We have
no extracts from
it,
now
made
is
we would be
for
afraid to profane
and
injure
on concluding, every
" I never before
man
cism
is
the law of
life,
Catholicism
and
Catholi-
it
one
is
iota, is disorder,
de-
error."
the Cathedral
D.D.,
of Salamanca, and
^c,
Sfc,
BOOK
I.
ON CATHOLICISM.
NOTE.
This work was examined in
observations.
its
finally
adopted
ON CATHOLICISM.
CHAPTER
I.
In
how we
There
is
and embraces
all sciences,
They were
all
is
He
our political
is
as
God
is
all things.
before,
nothing,
wonderful
Theology, inasmuch
them from
all
is
M. Proudhon
" It
questions."
as
all
for if
after, their
God made
eternally in
manner in
eternal exemplars.
In
Him
SSAVS ON CATHOLICISM,
lo
harmony of
pomp
globes, the
number of
and
all things,
all
all
There, are
beings,
and each
understandings
In this way,
wills.
own.
its
came
things
Pantheism, that
it
all
might be
said,
withoutfalling into
and God
is
in
all thing^s.
horizons
For
and
in
all
in the loth
(on
by
"
all
men,
Omnis humanae
funda-
societatis
"The most
According to Zenophon
pious
cities
all its
darkness.
Socrates),
terrifying
times,
human society.
mentum convellit
its
suddenly obscured
"
That
it is
and nations
lasting."
Plutarch
the gods."
ehap.
8,
observes, "
state
lib. 4,
formed
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
ii
Voltaire
says in the " Treatise on Intolerance," chap. 20, " That
wherever there
is
society,
more necessary
is
Rome
Numa,
that
City.
might be
eternal,
Caesar one
than
made her
in others.
the
Holy
When
absolutely
is
necessary."
religion
it
day uttered
in
full
religious.
senate certain
told of Fabricius, a
Roman
It
state.
captain, that
when he
in pre-
Would to the gods our enemies may follow this docwhen at war with the Republic "
The diminutio n of faith, which produces the diminu-
trine
tion_^f__truth,
it
th e
At once
Go d
merciful a nd just,
denies^the
tr uth
them
life;
He_condemns them
death;^_jience_we_ha^^all_s^
to
ourey^es
'^.^^^ISiiE-i^
P''l95Si^'^ ^^ time,
them, however
again,
and you
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
and
One
would say
by the
arches of heaven,
reign Painter.
And what we
first
dwells error
with error,
For
is
death
latter is
;
no hope whatever
is life.
for those
come
In the abyss,
societies
revolutions
On
sophists, execu-
tioners.
He who knows
laws to which
social truth
human
possesses
he
its
object.
Whence
it
follows,
God
or,
what
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
political
13
and
social, is
explained in
is
the science of
explained, theology
is
is
the science of
all.
If
it
be, there
because
and
all,
which
social science
is
do not
God
there
is
jimte^,__injG;od_^in the
is
way he
In this
except as arbitrary
exist,
Political
classifications of the
s implest
has none.
its subject,
distinguishes political
He who, when he speaks explicitly of anyknows not he speaks implicitly of God, or when
he speaks explicitly of any science, is unaware he
affirmation.
thing,
God only
necessary to constitute
considered in
its
petual subject of
subject of
all
may
the
all
human
He
intelligence
him a man.
he has
absolutely
Theologj^jthen,
God
speculations.
Him.
rest assured
is
is
the perjgetual
by which he blasphemes
or denies
Thou
dost
of theology, as well as he
who
his
contrite
heart
to
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
14
His
feet
own way,
in his
for
the vocation
of races, the
and
fall
different
temperaments of
nations, their
Away
abandoned to
senses,
God
there where
substance, man,
infinite
is
The
substance
the infinite
braces
The
all,
sun,
worship,
only for
is
stars,
all
it is
will
its
night,
if it
his lord if
had no rumours.
of a powerful
vegetation,
fall
his
it
had
His god
obscurity, im-
em-
it
resplendent disc
immensity,
secret virtue
infinite.
would be worthy of
all,
mobility, silence.
not
and the
is
no
its
which illumines
if
because
and yet he
city,
;
adorer of
condemned to a perpetual
is
not adore
death on his
a dream, fanned by
life like
rise,
by
colossal
the
and
of others
more
memory
of
men
either of their
fall
or of their foundation.
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
The armies
there
individuals,
without intelligence.
principally
be without
shall
and above
populous.
itself shall
macy, inasmuch as
because
it
it
be
is
be
less
is
be only a
the most
the most
title
of legiti-
is
is
will
It shall
as the
discipline,
The army
a multitude.
all,
ij
So we see that
and the same
thing.
and theological,
political,
divinity
is
The immense
here
formidable character
it is
in the moral,
multitude.
Oriental
austere and
its
The
divinity
has here
its
There
is
room on the
the repose of
every city
is
an empire, whilst
To
Men
and of gods
will
have
in
all will
cities.
to
In this multitude of
them something
and
The gods
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
men
will give to
men
gods
and
will
make
itself
not be beautiful in
only because
marrow of
sual to the
but pleasure in
it
life
among
occurs
ship with
it
cious, loquacious,
the divinity,
firmness,
as a world peopled
it
by
premature,
its
and
if
relation-
in respect for
full
The
Oriental
of shadows, or
The East
so ephemeral,
in its turn,
death so
its
it
a nation
movement.
is
in
In this
This phenomenon
Roman
origin, as far as
they were
resolutions.
statues.
Etrurian,
Wanting
way Grecian
of the
happy
as a region
life
nothing
of children.
duration
familiarity
be wanting
Sen-
oblivion.
and petulant.
will
it
will
The
make
flowers.
it
by
followed
bones,
its
and
gods
its
is
Life will
surrounded by the
eyes, unless
its
same
is visible
people.
thing.
above
all in
Oriental.
many
the history
as far as
LIBERALISM,
austere and sombre.
is
AND
SOCIALISM.
It is a city like_that
Janus
like
faces
.
on
its
two countenances
the one
faces,
Ronae
and on
is
its
symbolic of OxLental
is
Rome
In politics as in religion,
at once the
17
So great
fines of the
God
way
to prepare the
was to
providential mission
assimilate
to come, her
all
theologies,
nations.
Obeying a mysterimount the Roman Capitol, and
seized with a
the nations,
all
the gods
all
call,
for
All
sudden
terror,
one
cities,
bow
their
of their
arly
its
Her
cities.
Hence
discipline.
stands
it;
it
grinds
tiieologyhas at
something
it
subjugates
all,
all,
on^e
common
From Sparta
by her arms
pomp
In a word, the
the
West
its
antithesis,
common
has
with
all
and
in
Rome
from Memphis,
Nineveh.
Rome
East
the
is
the
synthesis
thesis,
;
and
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
the
Roman
empire
signifies
nothing
else
but
the
order.
religious
Roman
empire as
in the
explain the
political,
systems. Theology
The Roman
Capitol except
it
in ascending.
by
the
No
Rome
in
Maximus.
The
down
who had
ancients,
Jupiter Optimus
a confused notion of
Hence we
first
find in
city,
The
them
in their misery.
The
city.
terrible
Woe
to the city in
"
"
going
thv
Israel could
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
19
Lord;
the
Moses
is
ages, in
all
human
the dependence of
Rome succumbed
fell.
different
God and
otence of
they
race, proclaiming in
man^hejjower
her
way
In this
which
ciple
relief,
science.
Rome had
gods.
The
arms
At
humble
digies.
down
its
breath.
was born,
in
an humble
stable, of
was
appearance
that
its
said of
He was
scarcely born
through the
Him
air
that
and spoken
star
shone out
in
heaven
men
watched
for
His coming
had
had an-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
20
That dread
soon passed away, when they
in their breasts.
Roman
And
horizon.
And
and
is
an
efficacious
contempt
remedy
oblivion.
But
idle
at the
begin to
find,
in
to people's' report.
Him
On
receiving
spirit like
is
my
Son."
In the meantime, he who baptized
Him, an austere and sombre man, a dweller in the
desert and an abhorrer of the human race, cried out
without ceasing to the people, "Do penance;" and
beloved
Him, "This
is
the
Lamb
manner of doubt
of that age.
minds
"
to
LIBERALISM,
and
\vitchcraft
turned
SOCIALISM.
temple and
it
temple and
it
abandoned
its
announced by
conqueror,
redeemed
21
superstition.
its
a great
AND
country.
its
It
it
had
prophets,
its
at
it
once to
its
Rome.
had been no more than
from
strike
neck
its
and
the unprejudiced
this,
human
them
sipated
otherwise
for
but some
it
name
of the Person of
commenced
extraordinary things.
proud
those
whom
to teach a
reason,
dis-
was the
those great wonders were
Jesus, (this
new
doctrine,
and work
and
had
arranged things
spirit
happened that
told),
went so
evil
and whitewashed
hypocrites,
He
sepulchres
The hardness
sepulchres.
To be
despised Him,
condemned
He
revenged on the
said to them,
fornication
who always
rich,
"Be
merciful."
He
He
ate the
so
the doctors and the sages, and conwith the gross and
versed so low were His
bread of fornicators and adulterers.
He
despised
instincts
rude.
He was
so
filled
He
called
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
22
He was
and
Jle
washed the
spite of
love;
In
He
was
idleness in
infernal spirits,
for
His
soul.
adored Him.
It is evident, in spite of their
good
intentions, the
What
them
prin-
was the
He who
the people.
As
to the tribute,
when He
was once questioned on the point, He gave that celebrated answer, which disconcerted the curious "Give
to God what belongs to God, and to Caasar what
belongs to Csesar
you your
Caesar,
"
and
what
He had
said,
"
by the high
priest,
He
He
leave
When
ratified
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
23
Him
He
is
free, for
innocent."
Pilate,
what the
had
state
to
a layman, regarded
do with
religion,
it
in
comprehend
Caesar with
state,
every new god dethrone Csesar, and that the political was
involved in the theological question.
tively thought with Caiphas,
enemy
and
in its
of Tiberius.
Just One. to
sacrificed the
women
of bad
adulterers
cross,
His
fear,
and
life
praying for
spirit to
and of men of
evil conscience, of
the
fornicators.
His Father.
moment
The
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
24
open
The
who
did not
eagles of
Rome was
Rome
seen without
know how
to read,
men
in skins
who said at
other who said,
He who
Do
wishes to be perfect,
let
me
What
is
formations
What
is
What
CHAPTER
Of society
That new
in
"i
No-
II.
theology
a complete
its
has occurred
only some
through the
is
all places.
is
s ystem
immerisity
it
called Catholicity.
theology.
Catholicity
m an.
The
infidel falls
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
25
amount
smile,
people,
stupid
of
more astounded
at
such an
indifference
extravagance, raise
inconceivable
"
their
much
study,
up
There,
it
its
science
learns
the essence of
spirits,
the
dren suckled at
its
life
prolific breasts,
and death.
Chil-
And
who
It
was given
to the
of
throne.
the
spec-
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
26
This theology
versal
and
is
because
embraces
it
nature
is
because
that
all
all
it
in its
in India,
is
in the
He
universal
supreme
space and
is
cause,
and author of
who
all
Roman
one in
It
He
is
it
gods
is
He
motion;
all
He
sovereign will;
contained.
is
infinite
intelligence,
human, and
God
living
like
Him.
serve
He
It is universal in its
The
Rome.
Greece, multitude in
and
all
truths
because
attributes,
all
dogmas.
the Persian
embraces
truths contain
God, and
uni-
it is
is
It is universal
aspect.
its
it
He
the
is
drew every-
maintains everything
things infernal.
He
is
merciful, just,
The
east
knows His
voice, the
west obeys
Him;
the
reflect
heavens serve
is
His
Him
Catholic
on
their inflamed
could not be
wings
the
the
When
the time
light
for
all idols
otherwise
came, the
this sufficed
by men. And
when we remember that
fabricated
LIBERALISM,
human
the
the
of
Geritiles
God
were
if
theology
Catholic
that the
._a,n.d
morethan
nortiing
deification of
the true
SOCIALISM.
fragments of
^ods
AND
the
essential properties of
man
Catholicity seized on
flame of an
blended in one.
man
into
human
societies.
dogma was
^\
man, and
into
sin.
it
The
had
lost
Catholic
The human
affections.
hampered
state,
saw
conscience, escaped
through
the
interior
and at the
from
as
its
well
light of
of the peace
it
had
lost.
and
from the
Catholic
moral
God, creator
to
the
and
political
world.
sustainer of
all
The
things,
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
28
Romans, chap.
a Deo " and Solomon
the
Epistle to
his
potestas nisi
chap.
viii.
ver. 15
xiii.
me
Per
"
" Non
est
in the Proverbs,
divine.
The
The
ide a of authority
is
of Catholic origm.
huma n foundations
they g overned /or
Catholic
themselves^ and they g overned by force.
governors, considering themselves as nothing, were
reignty _on_
There
in
consecration
" Take
this
wand
may
an emblem of
as
be able to support
sceptre
directs the
good and
were
emblem
as the
in perfect
salvation.
of divine
and abhor
iniquity."
Take
equity, which
:
learn from
These words
"You
Christ
to
the world
whosoever
will
whosoever shall be
first
among
LIBERALISM,
vant of
AND
SOCIALISM.
all.
is
not
29
come
to be
a redemption for
many" (Mark
x. 42-45).
the
latter,
life
peoples
and
bodies and
minds,
sustained
by
the
to
constitute
forced
all
if
name of God,
humanity
from
Yet,
obedience to
gained,
all
did not
own name
itself,
and
in its
mere
fact
of only obeying
legitimate
;
authority
by
God
in the prince,
were
human
prerogatives,
which
consists
in
freedom
subjection
to
had
taught
nations
that the
weak
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
30
sanctified obediby
and by sanctifying the one and deifying the
condemned pride in all its most tremendous
ence
other,
authority,
deifying
Catholicity,
.There
of rebellion.
spirit
two
are
and
things
in the
totally
despotism
and
Rousseau, who had sometimes sudden
side,
for
the firmness
between revolutions.
intervals
extended to
alone
this
acting
for,
influence
on themselves,
made them more humane. To become convinced of this, we have only to compare them with
she has
governments" (Emile
ancient
has said
among
"
There
is
1.
4).
And
Montesquieu
we
God
tical, is
himself,
who
is
1.
xxix., chap.
3).
and luminous
nacle, inaccessible
is
perpetually verified
There
is
one
in
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
The Father
31
eternally begets
the Son, and from the Father and the Son eternally
And
is
God and
the
the Father
is
Holy Ghost
is
God
is
and God
triple in
persons
one
essence.
in
Ghost are
infinite love,
There, unity,
variety, condensing,
God
thesis,
is
dilating,
is
and synthesis;
antithesis,
and
into unity.
and He'
is
Because
He
family..
one.
exemplars of
all things.
word
is
made
and variety
to the
is
one
in essence,
and
The
in one.
man
to His
triple in persons.
Eve
pro-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
32
Adam
man
Eve
Adam
is
Eve,
man
like
man
like
Abel, but
Eve, but
Eve, but
is
is
she
the father
the son.
father
like
man
is
is
is
is
Abel
is
but
Abel,
like
man
is
Adam, but
is
and
like
not
the father.
The
by them.
human
is
mind.
fact,
more
force
is
son, there
which afford a
differences,
right.
fact,
Priority
and nothing
cannot constitute, of
name
name
teaches us,
is
is
slave.
And
is lord,
this truth,
confirmed by history.
The proper
and the
which reason
In the peoples
name
for
was
domestic tyranny.
forgetful,
called themselves,
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
33
come from God alo ne, in its name, and in_ its
If God had permitted the complete oblivion
the traditions of Paradise, the human race, with the
can^
essence.
of
institution,
The
its
very name.
and
in its essence,
and
is^
ever- an
infalliblejymptom
second,
orm ations
t ransf
of the
js^
fi rst
has p assed.
the hearth
it
from natural
it
becomes
spiritual,
is
to
and from
children
is
vitiated, its
its
constitu-
all its
The
father
profaned,
is
The
God
destroying the
and
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
34
The
fect of
the
family,
eternal in all
is
its
all,
lasts as
exists in its
most
long as
life,
The human
some months.
children,
The
between father
artificial
family of the
many
Between the
divine,
is
betweenjthe
Dura-
cloister,
and mother,
and between father and children,
years.
fection.
per-
and
The
individuals.
human
many
model of the
The
lines.
human
human
the
most imperfect, of
all
human
same
mo ment andjhe
immensity of time.
CHAPTER
Of
society
III.
Constituted,- on one
side,
on the
AND
LIBERALISM,
in
SOCIALISM.
it
was necessary to
human
organ of
all
35
ones, the
all criterions,
God dancing on
heaven
life for
treasures
of the graces of
for
in the
up
on the
in
all
who
sinful
who
are hungry,
the wanderers a
warnings and lessons for the powerful, and for the poor
full
of love and
that
it
mercy
could speak to
firm, that
it
all
world
human
and ever
old,
to the fluctua-
new
God
Roman
for eternity,
is
the
Holy
Ghost
which, placed as
it
were
in
mid-region between
gifts,
and per-
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
36
petually offers the Father, for the sins of the world, the
and
finished,
it
reason
He
this
and
plenitude of time,
in the
For
in
for us
is
who
navigate in this
our
first
origin
triumphs
Everything
miraculous
it
in
is
her
is
spiritual,
spiritual,
supernatural,
and
is
it
is
super-
LIBERALISM,
end,
men
it
AND
SOCIALISM.
37
is
miraculous, because
is
all
the
The Father
sends the
to the world,
this
way,
in
Church as
Twelve
sinners
pronounce
the
world
librium,
an unusual
fire
interfere.
immediately
away peoples, disturbs empires, conThe human race sweats blood under the
hurries
founds races.
divine pressure,
and from
all
all
all
fire
feet of the
directions,
to
signify the
universal
calling.
in
all
Unam
mundum," says
"
Gentiles,
Hers
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
38
is
and the
saints.
her
When
heaven by
it
from
all victorious.
the battles of
all
human
passions rebel
Paganism
came out
all,
all
human
and
Emperors and kings
feet.
for
is
She only
empire.
and
social,
have
flou rishe d
She has_bad
who
t yrann y,
LIBERALISM,
.
God and
There
is
the
SOCIALISM.
who
peoples
AND
;.
and against
inviolability
in
and
persecuted
folds
of
is
born and
lives
the
illegitimacy,
it
an
commandments.
abominable.
rights,
to
the rights of
been
aspired
all,
His
of
39
and extirpated
human
it
itself,
without
and
out,
it
And
intellect.
that perpetual
error, as
it
been a
and
if
political errors, it is
human
condemned
because
it
all
any
human
error,
but
authorities
^Fromjhat
human
ra dical impotence of
authorities to
modern
constitutions.
first
founded on two
error:
it
is
is
true,
tiality
That
might at
SSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
40
false;
is
it
infallible,
which
evident;
is
it
is
which
we view
is
^^Infallibility
it-
who
unless
it
discuss
ime
in those
human
an attribute of
Tnfaiilbility is
who discuss
who gov ern. If
it
be at the same
nature,
it is
in the
are fallible or
either all
all
The
human
are infallible.
ing whether
nature
man
nature of
In the
is
sound, or
From
attributes.
quences flow
because
if it
all
is
fallen
sound understanding,
if
or infallible, which
is fallible
is
it is
^If
is
the
and greatest of
the
it
man
is
all its
following conse-
the understanding of
sound,
first
this principle
whether the
viz.,
and infirm
infallible,
is infallible
it is
infalHble
truth exists in
the truth
is
affirmations
identical
in all
and
if all their
men, isolated or
all their
affirmations
the
first
is
and
fallibility,
understanding of
fallible
it
;
their negations
infirm,
all
and from
If the
man
afflictions
consequences flow:
because
it is
it is
if
it
is
fallible
LIBERALISM,
it
that uncertainty
is fallible,
whether considered
uncertainty
is
in
and
SOCIALISM.
41
is
common
essentially in all
affirmations
all their
AND
or individually
men
all their
if
that
isolated or united,
negations are
a-
con-
must necessarily be
uncertain
if all their affirmations and negations are
uncertain, discussion is absurd and inconceivable.
tradiction in terms, because they
;
mate
blem.
from God,
pain and
from
from
death,
sin,
fallibility
Man was
by the
redeemed, which,
act of redemption,
if it
Man
comes
error,
like
from ignorance,
But
it
adds
part,
sin
effort
on
his
sin, it signifies, at
that
For
this
and
infallible
nature without
God,
hence
is infallible,
has placed
is
sin,
full
it
Church.
it
denied to no one,
applied to
voluntarily
his faith
he
will
his patience.
"
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
42
pain,
and with
faith, resigna-
and patience.
It follows
from
what she
affirms.
decisions, has
denies, or to
no right out-
writers
is
is
is
error,
in
all
Feeling in
itself,
on
to
falls
fictions.
truth
error,
and finding
what
error
is
it
and
The
Her
primitive
and holy
truths,
which are
all
discussions
that
moment
moment without
oscillating, lost
be
called
the understanding on
error.
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
43
and obscured.
why
the Church,
start-
The
complete, scepticism.
to
is
like
Minerva from
and
in virtue of
Catholic civilisation.
is
due
we admire and
that
all
To
all
we
that
see.
Its
by
their
those of
generalising and
" City of
God
"
is,
St Augustine's
men.
The
most
finished
monuments
of
human
44
The
prudence.
and the
science,
Canonical, excel in
feudal,
is
Thomas
before St
in
St Paul in power
Who
Dante }
Calderon
tion
Who
laws.
.?
is
Who
.?
is
equal to Shakspeare
Who,
.'
Who
surpasses
and
inspira-
Here has
passed a grand and barbarous civilisation." Place them
HI sight of the Grecian statues and temples, and they
will tell you, " Here has passed a graceful, ephemeral,
and brilliant civilisation." Place them in sight of a
Roman monument, and they will tell you, " Here has
passed a great people." Place them in sight of a
cathedral, and on beholding such majesty united to
taste,
such grace
their outlines,
and such
light,
shade
Roman,
and,
beyond the
strength, the
perfection."
If
we
LIBERALISM,
with her
nourished
SOCIALISM,
maintained
substance,
spirit,
science, this
new
45
with her
spectacle
will
Catholicity,
and ordaining
referring
refers all to
by
unity,
is,
tions,
united
supreme
element of
infinite
its
by sympathetic
together
Catholicity
man
to solitary
and sombre
is
of egotism
tion
God, and by
to God, converts
all
liberty into
and
AND
never alone
to find a
isolation
and pride
affinities.
man
supreme
we
In
relegated
personifica-
boundaries.
live
The groups
into
they
Families
tions.
origin,
groups
classes;
pursuits.
associa-
laws of their
called
human
of
those
who
seek
by the same path, of those who dedicate them.^elves to the same industrial pursuits, of those who
glory
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
46
follow the
same business
tributed in their
classes,
wide
among
archically distributed
State
move
with
freedom.
In the
form
it
of the
administering their
own
symbol of
its
and a
territory,
unity
All
these different
unities
its
their
God,
of
affairs,
who
the families
of worshipping
right
each group
each municipium
common by
the participation in
political,
religious unity
and
administrative unity
jurisdictional
its
and
civil
right of sepulture.
constitute the
municipal
which, in
sonified
its
in
associations
is
its
turn, is
symbolised
a king.
Above
is
that of
all
From
banner.
in
all
magnificent
bosom
of
is
the Church.
unity in
its
the
its
members:
it
is
light.
:
;
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
47
various,
one,
perfect society.
human
order in
The
pontiff
the divine
the
human
is
is
is
harmoniously.
human
right
And
instituted
human and
the
in this
right
by men,
move
societies
and as he unit es
un ite
mona rchy
limitations
its
is
limitations
is
and
humility,
this, in
in
its
will.
The
all
discord to destroy
it
.'
its
its
wonderful
is
is
venerated, and
What monarchy
om
fr
What monarchy
prudence.
which, though
the
foundation of
ardent charity, in
its infinite
who
is
this
then elect
Who
t he
its
unity
.',_
Who
."
And who
does not
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
48
remark that
Him
of
this strange
monarchy
God
the representation
is
divinity
is
things,
human and
uncreated,
visible
and
to
it
essence,
it
God
as
all,
has subjected
Being one in
is
it
way.
It is
one way
in
God, another
and
it
in
in
God
in
its
everything
different
and
created
divine,
invisible.
Here
it is
but
and
in all,
it is
in
mystery,
By
it is
whose duty
it is
fact.
to reign with
who have
is
their
impedes,
nor
is
is
and
a governing one,
and though
diminishes, nor
eclipses,
The Church
is
this per-
the
it
neither
supreme
though perpetually
oligarchy,
and
is
in contact
its
rebellions
and
seditions.
As
the princes
come
LIBERALISM,
the
after
king,
SOCIALISM.
by the
are tempted
spirit
is
priests,
In this wonderful
holy ministry.
49
come the
the princes
after
AND
what occurs
in all
who
are at the
fall
what he has
is
possible.
is
in
common
is
The
is
being,
their
like
greatest
bishops
derived from
subjects,
Their
priests.
cated,
and
in the
what
all
sin.
The
highest dignity
is
some of them
are.
we
C hurch
her
apos tolic
"~- we
oligarchy.
If
she
constitution,
isol atedly,
If
appears
the
we
consid er
powerful
'
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
50
common
to prela tes
it
is
When we
fix
hood, and
employed
this
world, and
over the
scattered
the
and
apostolate,
the
is
ordained
are
in
of souls;
human
who obey
when
dogma
when we remember
lity
priest-
pontificate
nothing
we
that the
find
the action of
all
gregation of
the
faithful, the
immense democracy,
Church
n the con-
a p pears
an
of
all
And
is,
is
all
the most
she ap pears.
si ngular
In other
societies,
they lose
many
if
Monarchy
first
losing
its
without the
aristocracy, its
influence,
oligarchy,
its
tendency to
LIBERALISM,
and monarchy,
invasion,
AND
SOCIALISM.
absolute character
its
that their
their
hilation.
societv^therg_ij ro om for
51
is
a.
so
mutual annisupernatur al
these governments, ha r-
all
original
pacific
^r
their
primi tive
combination of powers
in
This
grandeur.
themselves opposed,
war,
is
the world.
If the
fin nlH
hp
an immense aristocracy,
might be
by an oligarchical power placed in the hands
of an absolute king, whose d uty it is to perpetually xiff"er
himself in holocaust for the salvation of the peop le.
This definition would be the prodigy of definitions, as
defined,
called
it
"HTrected
is
human.
*in
all
concert, relatively
ing,
all to
into
charity,
infinite love.
man
Relatively to
Relatively to govern-
sanctified,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
52
condemned.
they signify
that,
Relatively to society,
came
to
social
groups began
and
and
science,- letters,
through^ Catholicity,
man
arts,
that with
Rela-
they signify
that,
the
isola-
tively to
said,
all
Finally,
results
it
Catholicity appeared
and
in the
perfect,
world a
founded by
life,
which can
the lessons
it
learns from
divine Master,
its
and
men
is
the
we
societies.
demonstrate that
neither Christianity nor the Catholic Church, which is
its
shall
great
works,
its
sublime
prodigies,
and
its
marvellous
who
man
LIBERALISM,
AND
CHAPTER
Catholicity
Between
53
IV.
is love.
between
SOCIALISM.
the
human and
natural
is
divine conceptions.
In the pagan world, society and the city were one and
the same thing
the Athenian,
Athens.
was
there
in the
nothing
nations, rude
revealed to
but barbarous
and uncultivated
man human
society,
and, as
Christianity
if
this
were
and more
excellent, to the
immensity of which
who triumph
who
it
put
the saints
suffer in
purga-
that
it
comes as a supernatural
cated to
man
supernaturally.
it
It
it
saw
is
excep-
communi-
it
Who
but God,
who combat
communion with those who suffer
they are in
revelation,
who
is
here that
in
purga-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
54
tory,
God
but
heaven
in
The
excellence,
which
Who
at once
human and
which nothing
divine, without
one of
manifestations.
There
its
most astounding
variety in heaven,
is
because
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost are three
persons
There
is
is
is
Adam
human
is in
nature,
is
one.
and Eve
is
mingled,
Adam
and Eve
one.
Variety
is
Him
concur, on
and
spiritual
and the
natures are
and triumphs
in
heaven
is
mingled,
Head
is,
symbol
quality of
God-man,
He
is
as
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
considered at once
all
and when
God-man and
as the
55
the Son of
possible varieties
and of
infinite unity.
And
as supreme
which,
in
harmony
various
of
Trinity
manifestations, from
which
is
is
one by love
composed of the
variety,
all its
and
resolved, being
is
law, in virtue of
rendered one,
is
the divine
springs and
variety
all
all
that
is
The
variety
the
human
and the
Christ
the Virgin
in
mystery of
combat,
The variety
love.,
in suffering,
and
in the
in
triumph,
is
womb
of the
of
Church
made one
in
who
triumph, which
fall,
charity
is in
charity
is
if
he who
such a
to
God
and
God
God, and
charity,
all this
being ever
he
who
If
God
is
infinite
God
is
is in
charity,
unity
him,
God
rise
in
without confusion, in
way that
nature, nor
charity
is
because
man by
;
in him."
in charity is in
by charity
God
infinite unity,
is
"
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
S6
man
though
that
is,
The
and
by
all this
exclusively supernatural,
by
Gentiles had
some
human
in
In every zone, in
dogmas.
races, the re
mong
the
that
it
human and
creature, the
in the
spoke to our
first
Long
human
fall,
men
man
The
logies.
it
race
how
ago,
After the
There
no
all
at the
little
bottom of
is
he dives
all
theo-
difference
dogma vitiated
mode of attaining
and sovereign end. The
by human
obedience.
sist in
like
parents
unto gods
when
The
error of
the
path of
first
dis-
and humanity
shall
be
human
of man.
That pagan
them
as essentially dis-
by the supernatural
superstition
is
deification
manifest in the
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
57
whom
creatures
selves.
Catholicity
is
and the
affirmin^^
man
by
is
^graca^..It
is
in
his nature
become so
is
God,
is
completely absorbed by
whilst Catholicity
God
has for
human
own
and inviolable
He
the empire of
associations,
all
The
substance.
is
what
the
is
what constitutes
individuality,
after
is,
preserves-
still
individuality, or,
by
su.Eimat-ii rally
respect
ot her's
P anthe ism's
in
is
such, accord-
it
one and the same time, by the liberty of man and the
counsel of the divinity.
Love
all
is
in itself prolific
because
it is prolific,
and because
it
''""^"""'^'"HFf
^^P"^i
variety
infinite
law, the
end.
love,
is
and
it
mingles in
its
things varioyj^.
infinite
unity.
i t^
own
beg et s
unity
unity, withny};^
Love, then,
It
is
the
is
sole
Catholicity
Only he
''I'
it s
who
is
loves
Catholic learns to
love,
is
love,
a
for
because
God
Catholic,
and
it
is
is
only
love.
the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
58
who
receives
his
divine sources.
CHAPTER
V.
by the sanctity of
His
doctrine,
of all
these things.
The
forgotten
it,
will
bond
all
movements of the
in
man, providence,
soul, of
how
in society,
the
God,
in history.
but a
man
admired
He had
been nothing
Him
for
If
was His
man and
doctrine,
fell
his doctrine.
for-
Marvellous and
LIBERALISM,
select of the
AND
SOCIALISM,
human
59
life
of the
race.
Of
an act of His
will,
those
change, by
Him
God, others a
life
devil, others
a wizard.
Him.
fulfilled
in
the depositary of
knew
The
was
New Testament, as it was
ever one, eternal, unvarying. That truth, which was
eternally in the bosom of God, was revealed to man,
infused into his soul, and deposited in history, from the
moment the first divine word resounded in the world.
And yet the Old Testament, as well in its eternal and
essential, as in its accessory, local, and contingent
character, in its dogmas as in its rites, never passed the
boundaries of the predestined people. That very people
with the truth.
in
'
often
prophets, outraged
the
manner of the
its
doctors,
Gentiles,
spirits,
its
made
gave
itself
up
in
body and
SSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
6o
soul to bloody
and
crucified
was hidden
it
flesh, it
on Calvary
in the ancient
blasphemed, denied,
testified
miracles,
was placed on a
ancient
figures,
accord to explain by
cross,
when
came
it
of
its
own
its
miracles
freely
all its
it
is,
memorable
record
Terrible lesson
or miracles.
for
those
who
believe
in
the
in the radical
in
the
He
for
itself
If our
conqpered
it
in spite of
the announced
in the
in spite of
being
in the
ancient
figures.
He. conquered
in spite of
miracles,
No other doctrine
it
immense apparatus of
proofs,
If
Mohammedanism
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
6i
travelled quickly,
all its
and
Prevaricating,
truth,
man.
all its
sword
its
testimonies.
manKas_npt made
for the
prevarication_af man,
God
the
establi shed
imp ose
its
yoke
its
it
ow n,
Hence, when
first
combats
for his
crucifies
it
thinks he
believes
On
if
ilies
he
own
he
is
If he conquers, he
sovereignty.
conquered, he
flies
by
flying,
it,
he
he
human
becaus e
to
it is
human
is
a secret
de void of
reason.
affinity
all
Man
accepts
comes naked
pretensions.
His
will accepts it
it,
precisely because
it
because
it
is
and
its
rights,
because
it
it
it
has no
.is_the_pff"-'
own
offspring, its
own
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
62
verbum, because
is
it
In the act o f
power.
a living testimon y of
its
creation
and calls^lumself_God,_,^Arid
God,
man's estimation,
in
matters
it
of the absurd
like
Gnd, bp
his
own
ing
it,
At
.''
all else is
God
least^
he
he
will
.lil^__^iito
Wh^t
if
he
the
is
be independent
will
productiorij
You who
G od,
unto
nothing.
of truth,
will
creative
its
s like
he be God,
if
God
man
aspire to
human
reason,
make four, but five; that God does not exist, or that
man is God that the world up to this has been a
slave to shameful superstitions
that the wisdom of
;
ages
is
an imposture
that
obedience slavery
ugly, beautiful
the devil
this
is
is
is
that revelation
is
that good
world there
government
evil,
is
world we inhabit
dise
all
is
and
tyranny, and
is
evil
good
hell,
the
that
that the
incompatible with
a present
is
all
Christian
superstition
dogmas
;
that
LIBERALISM,
robbery
is
is
robbery
AND
an imprescriptible
;
that there
is
right,
and be
all this,
63
no order except
SOCIALISM.
in anarchy,
will
If to the
lend
proofs,
these things,
all
them
at all
or
if,
human
if
to the
deceptive tricks of
stupid reasoning,
foolish
all directions,
you
ask,
will call
you
pious, holy,
and trium-
phant.
I
vile
know not
Catholic lines.
And
multitudes
deceived by sophists
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
64
come next
when they
fall
into those
Ancient paganism
rolls
from abyss
to
abyss, from
till it falls
into the
monster
in
human
in
The modern
beastly appetites.
a prostitute, to
fall
begins
of
Robespierre, supreme
incarnation of
is
wallowing
man who
his inexorable
is
about
and
falling into
has to adjust to
and ferocious
itself
by adoring
its
his wild
instincts.
CHAPTER
Our Lord Jesus
VI.
When
shall
I shall
draw
all
me
that
is,
is,
on the
cross, I
I shall assure
my
In these words
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
65
how Jittle
once, of
glory,
production of this
for the
prodigy,
receive
him
me
will
not
if
you
own name,
In these words
is
In them
over good.
forgetfulness in
which
astonishing propagation of
is
all
pagan
of the
phemers.
its
In them
we
are told
and with
the
Catholic
and
why
human
to
all its
revolu-
condemns Jesus
Socialistic
Socialistic in preference
blas-
just, the
is
why
the
tribula-
tions.
errors, of
theologies,
the Catholic
selects
;
the
and why
In those word-s,
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
66
all
No no
behold.
radical, invincible
Son
we
ourselves
is,
to the
testify at
the
that
all
shall
impotence of the
will call,
and
be placed on the
is
all
human
race.
cross,
and
shall
draw
all
the end
fulfilled at
of time.
"My
(John
V.
but
if
17-21).
go
for if I
in
be
"It
is
life
to
I will
of
come
the pens of
to you
all
all sages,
that
is
7).
would
contained
will"
capable of explaining
virtue of grace,
As
work.
all doctors,
those words.
whom He
I go,
The tongues
not
Son giveth
its infinite
is
is
and
invisible,
Here
the
is
fecundity and
explained, above
all,
In
humanly speaking, must nec esm ust succumb, first, b ecause it was
fact. Christianity,
sarily succu
Jthe truth;
mb
it Jiad
in its su pport
m ar-
vellous miracles,
proofs.^
it
secondly, because
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
would not
rise
and de facto
it
nor
to
and
67
it
was not
be imagined, that
it
rebellion.
conquered by
truth were at
war
did not square well with the insolent and brutal evidence
God tempered
of the latter.
by placing
it
in transparent clouds,
"
it
to
I will
divide
strength to believe
it
but
and sent
faith to the
believe,
will
stretch
gave thee
freewill."
And
this
way
In this
certain
shipwreck
historical
evidence.
Faith,
more
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
68
proposed by
faith if
human
it
Truth should be
reason.
And
we have
believe,
we should
do,
it,
us what
tells
to
and
it,
So. great
it.
is
God
or advan-
is
He who
feet,
may
may
angels to bear
God
his hands.
walk,
it is
It is
He who
He
is
it
God
calls
He
assists
him."
the vine
fruit
of itself unless
it
abide in the
he that abideth
in
am
me, and
LIBERALISM,
I in
AND
much
you
And
do nothing."
can,
we
that
for without
me
4,
"And
says,
5),
Christ towards
God
such
;
not
as of ourselves
radical
fruit
69
(iii.
we have through
confidence
SOCIALISM.
impotence of
man
from God."
is
This
was
man
of himself
is
"
The
St Augustine,
Confessions," turning to
me grace to do what Thou commandest, and command what Thou pleasest." So that
as God tells me what I should believe, and gives me
strength to believe it, in the same way He commands
what I should do, and gives me grace to do what He
God
commands.
What
can
tell,
what pen
He
describe,
the
manner
in
which
God works
hand
at once merciful
Who
will
and
way
just,
how
of salvation with a
and the
of that spiritual
free will of
man
>.
Thou
Thou
lovest
art.
Thou
respectest
me
as
me
as
much
much as
Thou
as
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
^o
respectest me.
know
that
Thou
abandon
wilt not
me
in strength.
and
move
to
the zephyr.
Thou
but
callest softly
my
door and
in
and
me.
Thou comest
again.
could not
and when
in
my
answer Thee
answer,
but that
to
my
door
lost
is
in
my
answer what
know
it
know that I
but I know that
Thou didst not call;
if
know
who move,
if I
callest
It is I
call,
thou
puttest
merit, as
that
rewardest
Thou gavest me of
know that Thou art like
to
my
Thy
grace
acting with
assistance.
I
like the
LIBERALISM,
little child,
whom
into
AND
SOCTALISM.
71
him her hand that he maywalk, and afterwards kisses him because he desired to
walk, and did walk, with the aid of her hand.
I know
walking, and then gives
and that
of writing,
desire
teachest
me
Thou
or permittest
with the
I write
me
me
inflamest
to write.
believe that
ask
my
is
a Christian.
reader's
pardon
for entering,
though a lay-
All
will,
some length on
We
were
prodigy, ever
ancient,
new,
ever
viz.,
is
the
powerful
exercising,
on
viz.,
is
in her prophetic
her
doctrine
announcements, nor
in the sanctity of
it
is
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
72
themselves,
they
are
supernatural,
considered as an
same conditions
as
human
The propagation
testimony.
is
a supernatural
fact, as it
and
its
victory.
which, supernatural
by
naturally.
natural in
on the
its action, is
cross,
on them.
its
to a cause
nature, that
by ascending
in
propagation
its
itself,
is,
super-
and super-
for us
it
when the
all sanctification
Holy Trinity
redemption, as
interferes
it
in
so that in this
way
the
viz.,
how
it
occasions.
race, in the
whole prolongation
Adam
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
73
of
Adam
When
of
Then
fire.
like
an impetuous wind
happened that
and divine
The
action.
They
by
all
in
tongues
virtue of a supernatural
first
in
cross for
they
life,
members
died in their
become transformed
live
an angelic
And
as the
life
into
to
men
to
God they
cease to be
it
it
knew Him.
He had
apostles>
that
The world
ceased to speak,
it
SSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
74
He who
it
believed in
and now
adored
it
Him whom
it
had
crucified
What
its
immense
love.
dence, taken in
its
all
Provi-
all things.
is
the care
Things existed
Jpecat^e
which
is
an incessant creation.
God
came
the reason of
sistence
nothing
life,
to being.
nothing
subsists,
by
alone
is life
Nothing
its
own
and
exists,
virtue.
God made
more sovereign
a more substantial
and excellent manner.
Things of the natural and
supernatural order, and those which, escaping beyond
themselves.
things in a
God
in
AND
LIBERALISM,
the
common
SOCIALISM.
75
have
because
because
nor of the
it
is
dependence, on the
should of them
fruitful,
in their absolute
When we
it is
different
all
by
trees,
Their
The
to fructify with
them
this
commandment because
He
of their creation,
should bear
are those
sees
all.
God
the preserver of
that
ticus
He
and
gives
to-day, as in the
how much
see
all exist in
dependence on God, or
exist at
is
day
trees
in error
it
Hpnce we
fruit.
who
an actual commandment
alone
all
is
general and
imme-
in chance,
the Creator of
all
that exists,
all
14),
"Good
things and
evil,
life
and death,
Hence St
Basil says
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
76
that in attributing
to
all
God
lies
the
sum
of
all
Christian
are
all
numbered."
When we
it is
clear that
The
depend on God.
the natural
their origin,
which
being
actual
in
is
all,
the will of
is
in
God
phenomena
God
eternal.
all
in
will which,
willed
than
Lazarus for coming forth from the sepulchre after he
was buried. The difference between these phenomena is
will
ways, and
by
these ways
is
called,
and
natural,
is,
is
executed and
virtue
called,
fulfilled in
of two different
and
miraculous.
is,
natural,
We
call
two
laws.
different
One
of
is
to
">.
LIBERALISM,
be done once which
is
AND
done daily
me,
tell
Why
why do you
SOCIALISM.
77
the
a miraculous act,
it is
and their
do you not deny those
beautiful, murmuring, or restless seas, and that light,
soft sand kissed by their waves, and their concerted
harmony or their magnificent turbulence ?
Why do
you not deny those plains, so full of freshness, and
eternal
luminaries
those woods, so
full:
brilliant,
Why
man is impossible, or
may say, that I only deny
even
For myself,
difficult ?
credit to
see
without that
It
is
not a miracle.
as
if
by
God were
the will of
sovereign governor of
.
what
all
that exists.
beyond
their
dogmatic
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
78
limits,
end, as
we
and
by
being,
its^
virtue of
dogma
The dogma
of provi-
that
all
we
darkness
all is
all is
without
us,
and within
The knowledge
political
man
of
things are
us.
light, all is
all
without
inexplicable
smoke which
Without
of
the
sciences,
all
and moral.
supernatural,
and
then,
particularly
is
the
of the
man
importance
of
this
demonstration
human
and
race.
its
The
sublime
negation
of
Catholic
all
found to spring
supernaturalism,
as
from
their
LIBERALISM,
proper source.
AND
SOCIALISM.
In the meantime,
it
and on man,
on which
in
built
is
my
purpose
action of
God on
suits
is
the
of
edifice
tion, the
79
if
Catholic
doctrine,
generations
move with
ease,
comes toppling
to the
ground.
CHAPTER
The Cathelic Church has
spite
of the same
VII.
triumphed over
obstacles,
and through
society
the
in
same
Christ.
The
tion,
a doctrine,__has on the
Lord Jesus ^.Christ. has exercised on man.
This consists in the fact that our Lord
"Jesus XErist, His doctrine, and His Church, are but
three different manifestations of one and the same
Catholicity,
world
considered
the saine
thing, that
is,
as
that our
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
8o
same word
high.
life,
had written
the sea of His tears, had seen His torture and His insults,
all this,
The
life
"Who
before,
will accuse
which no
me
of sin.'"
And
in
did not
so
much
so,
it
truth a
hope or a consolation.
its
light,
and closed
sublime hopes.
He
xyy
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
men
turn from
Him
with leprosy, or as
diction
and
with horror, as
He
if
whom He
He
were infected
disciples
if
8i
loved,
The Church
by great
mould her
divine hierarchy,
He
there an-
He saw
He
told
alliances
He
full
things,
and the
grance.
In spite of
all this,
fra-
new
gives her
new
fulfilling
victories in
turns
JSSSA YS
82
ON CA THOLICISM,
The
its
Church
perfect
is
perfect
and holy.
Who
sin
will accuse
And
"
me
of error
in spite of this
Who
will accuse
me
of
by
of
wonders
doctrine
it is
all truth,
Her
its insults.
in the halls of
error,
of miserable sophists
to
men and
such
nations.
Her own
hands against
their
archs.
And. what
is
Lord Jesus
the
life
she
lives,
is,
that,
she works, of
AND SOCIALISM.
LIBERALISM,
office
but,
83
nation that
life,
and you
shall
her tribulations,
all
lives,
and of those
moment
in imagi-
vincible testimonies,
suppressed
she
life
Suppress for a
all
have
at
one stroke
her tears,
her
all
lies
The
is
perpetually com-
faithful
what
and
results
abyss which
societies,
is
exists
even considered
Between them,
men moved by
men who, more
more or
less
impulse of grace.
is
between the
SSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
84
modern, societies
sion of ideas in
common
intellectual
common
ideas in
the col-
to feel in the
and the
If
societies
you abstract
and
fall,
.are
the
Hence, when
paganism imme-
ideas, cus_tgms,_institutions,
moment from
on gently and
and
natural,
operation,
natural
and
supernatural,
come
false hypotheses,
visible
and
invisible,
are
besides inexplicable.
There
by the
as
all
is
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
man
this
gifts,
whose
writings
it
85
of great
is
M. Guizot surpasses
talents.
in
contemporary writers
questions.
In expression he
pure, in style
is
is
his
eloquence
No
how
matter
elevated a question
Guizot enters on
it,
may
when M.
be,
When
sees,
on
impartial
is
sober, in the
is
all
party questions, he
displays
with
he does not
If
he enters
refined
com-
placency the erroneous and the true part which corresponds to each one
it
because
it
to him.
it
he discusses, he discusses as
he teaches as
if
If
religion,
his
language
austere.
If
were possible
is
he happen to speak of
for him,
ceremonious, and
it is
reverence.
easily seen
he
The
he
part
In general, when
solemn,
is
to give
appears to cor-
it
if
it
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
86
institution to
which he assigns
it.
No
What
can be said
is,
that in
any case
even
in the
day of her
past servitude.
M. Guizot has
that civilisation,
and
all
that
is
visible in
them; and
fall
under
in a
manner analogous
visible
The
to that
LIBERLISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
87
manner
in a
institution
was
influence
Considered as an
born
in
visible
and
of other
So
true
is this,
all
and
in all
and supernaturally.
own
to
all
Roman
intact.
it
society,
her,
German
it
became
Catholic.
they
became
became
institutions^
without
and
Political
social
The
to
them
he
and
it
essential,
it
it
preserved
society
lism
all its
Catholicity
was
it left
And
its
own
;
something pro-
and changed
all
the essences,
forms.
was Catholic
all
left
feudal, as feuda-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
88
an equivalent for what she gave, as she received something that was purely external and accidental, whilst
endure as an essence.
from
results
It
European
other civilisations,
civilisations, is
made
what
i^
most
Europea n
gave
essential
civilisation
the Church
one, gave
an institution
in
it
it
it
was not
or absolutCj or feudal;
various, whilst
by making
essential character^
all
it
one, and,
it
of
all
which, like
common mass
in the
this that,
civilisation,
is
its
it
its
taken
name.
German, _or^oman,
called
was and
is
called Catholic
civilisation.
Catholicity
is
M. Guizot^upposes,
one of the various elements which entered into the composition of that admirable civilisation
that,
muchjnore than
itself.
pies a
Strange
moment
that
is
it
it is
more than
in time, or
and time
he sees what
is
is
in all parts.
life
as a
human
moment from
institution,
space
off,
In an
members which
all
consider
AND
LIBERALISM,
purely
right.
But the
it
fact that
us
89
tells
SOCIALISM.
it
it
because
contradiction which
is
an evident
is
it
tells
us
it
could
an evident contradiction
monise
facts
That formula
for her,
and proud
hearts, elevated
her above
human
vicissi-
No
will
comprehend her
influence, her
as no one
her tribulations
comprehend them
in
is inti-
civilisation.
BOOK
II.
CHAPTER
I.
human
liberty.
is
there
The cqmHnatior^f
is
nothing but
thisliberty with
of history.
The
free will of
man
is
if I
may
say
so,
of the divine
it,
in
him of
it,
He who gave
it
to
resist
and conquer
Him
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
94
who gave
it
to him, with
a tremendous victory
man
victory of
is
over God,
God a
What
victory
is
that which
true defeat
necessarily followed by
is
And what
defeat
is
that which
How
is
If
my
reward be
in
my
defeat,
why do
me ? And if my
why do I naturally
demnation be
what
will
in
my
damn me
victory,
con-
seek
all intellects in
lifting
who
are incapable
To-day
it
as
without understanding
if
man
and superfluous
sterile
if it
and
truth,
Coming
His
in
know anything
about
could
is
as
intelligence
I will
is
the
endeavour to
hold that
is
entirely
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM,
false.
generally be-
is
good or
it
95
evil,
,which
If freewill
one
relative to
absurd,
man
must necessarily
fdlTow.
more
The one
would be
relative to
less free
the
fection without
which
solicits
between
is,
is
altered.
same degree
As thehighest
in
per-
is
supposed
it is
clear,
The
free,
he cannot preserve
The consequence
tha t, as
He
would be
is
relative to
God
it
He
consisted in the
solicitations.
For
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
96
He should be capable
good and evil, sanctity and sin.
Between the nature of God and liberty, thus defined,
there is, then, a radical contradiction and an absolute
incompatibility.
And as it is absurd to suppose, on the
God
to
be
free, it
were necessary
of choosing between
free
man
free,
cannot
attain
liberty,
perfection
his
without
forfeiting
his
it
tained
The
liberty
is
and absurd.
error
am
I^
supposing that
refuting, consists in
is
when
it
is
only the
standing.
will is
from__itsjilL5,nd
its
understanding, but
being that
it
that
free,
it
is
When we
we say
the
will,
its
ill
and
say of one
and of an other
w avs.
and
with
all
sequence, that
perfection,
God
alone
If liberty consist in
is free,
because he
but he
is
an
is
follows
by necessary con-
perfectly free.
not perfectly
infinite
it
is
free,
man
and understanding
because he
is
LIBERALISM,
The
AND
SOCIALISM.
97
its
not understanding
The
one hand,
its
that
all
is
to
be
being subject to
in
not willing
it's
conquered by
evil.
its
all
Whence
it
imp er-
Th that
which means,
its
to the
absolute perfection.
When man~came
of the Gospel
"
You
shall
know
viii.
the truth,
32).
and the
Between
truth
his liberty
naturally limited,
between
is
by nature
infinite.
When
to
the
woman
lent
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
93
On
a moral swoon.
When
templation
to
the
ness
the
liberty
woman dragged
the
the
her
act,
her
became miserably
Confounding
was
and understanding, became
will,
man
understanding
a profound weak-
human
enfeebled.
notion
of
with that
liberty
of
in
slave,
H e is
and
There
subjection to a tyrant, no
exercises
a sla ve only
free
is
when he
falls
only_whenJie obeys
him who
which consists
authority.
in
in liberty,
how
the grace
and redeemed,
is
mysterious operation,
in
God
alone
is
active
error,
very reason
God
is
accustomed to
concur,
And
for
give, generally
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
Fearing to oppress,
with calling
it
his part,
Him
to
He
move
99
contents Himself
when he obeys
Man, on
and when
it,
call,
is
takes delight
in calling
in
who
him, and
efficacious,
calls
wills.
into that,
fall
will of
into
man,
I will
one of these
being which
is
free.
is
into the
man
that be impossible,
it
is
it falls
till it
till
understands,
is
free
is
wills,
and executes,
perfect
is
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
loo
perfect
Hence none
blessed.
is
it,
nor God, nor His saints, nor the choirs of His angels.
CHAPTER
Answers
to
some questions
II.
dogma.
relative to this
lies in
man
and
the secret of
sin,
damnation,
gift,
so pregnant
it,
goodness of an
if
how can
infinite
anger
life }
it
that fearful
took their
to
me
it
it
be merciful,
why
strong, hand.'
is just,
coming
And
If
it
into being to
if it
annihilate
Shall
hand of mercy or of
why
If I sinned
it
give
it
accompany
call it
what had
become the
be only strong,
me ?
did
infi-
God?
If
If
if
fall,
origin of his
and death,
will of
and the
his prevarication
just,
life
me
with
or only a
done before
does
it
gift I
my
damnation and
dous Being,
whom
my
I
hell
Thy
to bless or to
feet, like
Thy servant
LIBERALISM,
Job,
AND
my
intensified
by
my
sobs,
till I
SOCIALISM.
loi
burning supplications
move Thee
or shall I pile
know
Thee
know
Thy name
tell
is
me at
least in
written, that I
damned, a
camp
of
Thy
servants.
Thou
art
as they say,
are
tyrant.
If,
Thy
Through an incon-
the
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
I02
He
will
mercy.
And
let it
absurdity, as
competency
who
herself,
treated of
When
faith,
because super-
it
treats of,
In
this
its
whether
decision,
it
human
itself in
When
itself
its
it
it,
as both in
ever affirms
Him what
God
Himself.
When
the
it
pect to surprise in
faith,
but add to
God
secrets
its light
their way.
LIBERALISM,
to
examine a
secrets
AND
different side
SOCIALISM.
of the
103
Him
the
itself,
by an
admir-
obscuritj^jind__evidence.__ Catholic
in such a
by
never be brightened
by
their
shad ows,
At
tion,
They
nothing.
and
more absurd
them, there
is
they
made
make
clear
by
selves impenetrable.
it is
It
to
deny them.
no obscurity but
And
yet
men
all
directions.
denying, to
all direc-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
104
it
be easy to demonstrate
will
all
we have
said.
human
of liberty, only
perfect
and perfect
in this
way you
is
in
God.
Imperfection
If
is
ntellect.
That
you suppose it
God and the creature are one and the
simultaneous perfectio n
in the creature,
the^ libgrty
same
crea-
tions.
in
two
different
and
you cannot deny one or the
is
tradiction
that
He
imperfect,
is
is
mystery
is
As
all
is
false,
To
it
is
He
is
say the
contrary, to
human
you have
contradictory,
that
God
and absurd
in
say of
perfect, is to
it is
whence
reason
He
to say
and
in
the
logical
Catholicity says of
God
AND
LIBERALISM,
and
perfect
an
with
imperfect
SOCIALISM.
absolute
imperfect
imperfection
and
excellent a way,
so
in
105
w hich
by
are
that
the^arejnfinitely"
tion,
and form
missions,
The
of^the^universe.
their respective
fulfil
all
harmony
free,
desiring
in perfectly
is,
with a perfect
it
will.
in
such
the
way
and
same absolute
absolute imper-
in
Their relative
evil.
The
understand or desire
perfection
imperfection, to which
consists
it
that
in
due, on the
is
their end,
As
by an
and
intelligent
hierarchies,
free
by
this,
all
from
common
as
if
grace.
man
to both
became the
in
is
the fact
greater in
different
imperfect
in
different
'angel only
the imperfection
that
man
The
in
They
who
One and
the
other
came
from the hands of God with the faculty of understanding and desiring evil, and of executing the evil
they understood
in
this
lies
their
similarity.
But
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
io6
in
the
angelic
nature,
this
lasts
in
fully
it
it
this
fear-
evil.
some
instant the angelic phalanxes were divided
bowed before the divine throne, others rose in tumult
and became rebels. This supreme and instantaneous
resolution was followed by an instantaneous and
;
supreme judgment
how
beautiful
He
established hierarchies
He saw
beings.
how
from
all
among
it
shines forth
the beginning
hierarchies,
and
and
free
intelligent
eternity,
sort of equality
tures
God
His sovereign
skill,
that
He
To
of hierarchy.
gifts
unequal
observed,
He
establish hierarchy
He made
their
less
from him to
whom He
gave
less;
AND
LIBERALISM,
the least favoured in
lence of the angel
hope or remedy,
his
condemnation
his
nounced on him
inferior,
he only
to be lifted,
fell
The judgment
not be without
shall
condemnation
without
remedy,
make me
did you
angel,
angelic
the
nor
that
in
and
divine
magnitude.
in
is
pro-
appeal,
except
was without
107
eternal.
man was
lence of
gifts.
was
SOCIALISM.
Why
make me
man
Why
to God,
.?
nor the
Thy justice ?
What grandeur can be compared to that of Thy mercy ?
What scales so faithfully balanced as those Thou
What measure so precise
boldest in Thy hand
What matheas that with which Thou measurest
who
Lord,
is
.?
matician
is
like Thee )
How well wrought are
Thou hast worked
How well established the things Thou didst establish, and how harmonically beautiful when established
Open, O Lord,
terious
all
harmony,
the prodigies
my
intellect, that I
purposes in
Thy
may
understand something of
Thy
designs, something of
what
eternal
Thou
.'
It
man
Why
make
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
lo8
me an
can he
had not
been born ? Why didst Thou make me what I am ?
If Thou hadst consulted me, I had not received life
with the faculty of losing it hell scares me more than
angel
not better
it
nonentity.
to
if
mouth
when
God Himself, who
blaspheme
God
Himself,
.'
he existed
.''
by changing
his
The
suicide
he desires to cease to
He
exist.'
Why
do
into this
exist as I
am
This question
Why
do
other.
is
resolved
of
AND
LIBERALISM,
ruining myself? which
view
In
it.
creature,
fact,
109
how we
absurd, no matter
is
if
and
imperfect,
is
SOCIALISM.
if
it
is
he
who
or,
what
is
the same,
why man
tor;
not
is
absurdum.
And
this is not
if
Why
only means,
my
of
is
faculty
to be
because, what
damned?
meant,
man
If
is
whom
person to
the
if
is
world
this
Why
become perpetuated
conceive salvation
it
nature
If
is
man
necessary
life
given
does
final
paradise
Reason
at
contingency,
by
its
all cir-
object of
life
commence and
not
it
never
is
and what
cannot
future,
by
its
to eternity,
the
is
is
should be saved in
in
as
supposes
futurity
as
the question
if
of
capability
clearer
still
what
dost
and
live
of glory,
from the
first
moment
of existence
entire creation
be temporal
And
or of time,
or of space,
if
if
he were not to
he were not to be
local
and time
Whence we
see
which consists in
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
no
is
between
the
necessity of
ends
lost,
in the
account
Man
man.
of,
all
things created
cannot substitute a
and on
for,
human
for a
immense
ruins.
When we
we may say
God
lost
him the
if
pos-
summoned
faculty of being
we
if
we
it
All
is
rational in
God
He
is
infinitely just,
infinitely rational.
and
He
is
if
also
sible to attribute to
is
not built on
is
not rational
is
weakness, the
God
is
good.
AND
LIBERALISM,
and
merciful,
what
this,
His
is
infinite
Who
in
He
unreasonable, because
He
all
merit?
asked for
is
is
its
Singular contradiction
His
infinite
man
in
SOCIALISM.
in
is
man
name
He
condemns
daily
of
in
daily
name
condemns
women
or the
extravagance of tyrants
As
regards hell,
its
existence
absolutely necessary
is
all
things,
because
it
exists
God
placed
substantially in His
divine perfections.
is
in
The
God might be
hell
man an
and that
equally
infinite,
Heaven
it, it
its
prin-
reality affirm
same, so he
two
who
its
affirms helL
which
is
in
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
1 1
two
in reality affirm
same.
It
we
What
of
first
all
negation.
supposed in
does not
hell,
is,
affirmations, or to
but
is
different things,
two
denied in
is
man
To
and mercy.
called personal,
punishment
of
all
and as
may be
is
good and
sin,
is
real
the
reward and
evil,
And
laws.
me
don't tell
that
man
and
all its
could be saved
for the
hell is
The
justice
are infinite
hand, in
in vain,
were
if infinite,
exist, or
hell,
which
is
if
they
not.
Well, now,
if
this laborious
demonstratioa proves, on
one hand, that the faculty of being saved necessarily supposes that of being
lost,
He made hell,
He made heaven, and
Him
because
he who blasblasphemes
that he
lost,
who
asks also
LIBERALISM,
AND
CHAPTER
SOCIALISM.
113
III.
Manicheeism of Proudhon.
Be
may, there
greatest
it
is
no doubt that
it
will
man what
it
In any case,-
if
what
limits or restrains
The
ceivable.
.free
it,
in itself,
will given to
without relation
God
it
man
is
gift
so
appears rather an
than a grace.
See
its
effects if not.
Cast your eye over the whole course of time, and you
shall see
rebellious
Adam
is
God
people without
at the
fratricide,
waters of that
Away
river
there, the
and
after
him multitudes of
His glory
cence,
down
and
and
the
all
in
God
tumultuously
muddy
sail
in
a capacious ship
river,
mutinous crew.
go, nor
with
mad
And
they
ES&A YS ON CA THOLICISM,
1 1 :^
name
the
impels, them.
voice
If
the ship
now and
and
raised,
is
Woe
cries,
to the sailors
woe
to
all
at once cease
the
splendid feast,
mad
clamour,
all,
and
undo the
new
divine work.
who
son,
and
him
in
his
th.e
diluvian
history begins
\%
their
battles
and
is
shall
the
children
be
of
God
men; here
city of the
is
The
God
Noah
born to
again
In one, liberty
Providence
liberty begins to
world.
son
;
silent waters.
end of time.
cursed to
renew
on the waters,
silence sits
vicissi-
partisans of
God
holy
name
men,
of
The
heaven
falls
on the
lofty tower,
and God,
in
fire
of
His anger,
LIBERALISM,
persed through
AND
SOCIALISM.
all
Here
all
are raised
115
there
cities,
are
pomp
brutal
burns
cities,
and
discords,
in
is
Empires
clamours of war.
fall
the earth
till
is
on
The abomination
And where is the God
conflagration.
world.
doing, that
liberty,
He
loud
cities
peoples,
He
on empires,
He
of desolation
of might.-'
that
What is
human
field to
tolerate
in the
is
Why
.'
does
universal rebellion
those idols which are raised up, and that great carnage,
make
will
from
may
not
were
my
fall.
witness to
acts
send
it
angels to bear
I shall
be to
it
with
it
my providence, and
in their
all
hands, that
and
prodigies,
"
:
When
it
it
will
and His
His people
and gave
and
it
home and
He gave it plenty;
it
a country.
It suffered hunger,
suffered thirst,
and
in
obedience
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
ii6
to
rocks;
great
a cloud.
It
hung
He
Babylon, and
and
tivity,
it
its
ransomed
from
it
its
miserable cap-
He
judges,
who governed
it
gave
it
peace and
in
and wise
He
discover to
like the
it
sent
as
And
present.
that carnal
and hard-hearted
His
abandoned His temple, broke into blasinto idolatry, outraged His incommuni-
warnings,
phemies,
it,
fell
and
in discords
and seethed
rebellions.
completed, and
He who was
to
Father for the redemption of the world and the consolation of the nations, appeared
ing
Him
on the
earth,
and
see-
so poor, so
His humility,
Him, clothed
Him
ness,
became scandalised
fool's
furies,
made Him
after
in Pilate's hall.
by the Jews, He
came but after,
Crucified
Gentiles
in
in
and the
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
117
in
the
shadows of death.
From
and emperors.
persecuted
her
by-
own bosom
like
prostrate
at
the
feet
of the
In vain they
fell
Hercules
the
divine
Hercules, between
on
sea,
land,
of battle
and
in
is
so
and
pole.
in
in
from land to
it
Equal
anew.
America.
not,
who
is
who does
There
is
no man,
let
him be aware of it or
no one
The
rich,
the
free,
the old
man and
the child,
bat.
by God
or
by the
is
pronounced,
world,
is
either inspired
warfare
we
all
fight
In this singular
here
In
it
is
unknown exception
of sex or age
here no
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
18
attention
paid to him
is
who
am
says, I
the son of a
that
side to join
nor that
to remain neutral
for while
:
Don't
tire
through
is
extended as
time.
all
just,
combat
far as space,
and prolonged
rest,
is
no
who
you
first
On
history, a
man
ancient,
principles
there
is
which consists
principle of
in
into the
a"ffirmm"g~t:Tiat~ there
are
by
perpetual war
is"lHie
whom
God
is
man
the
t hat
the
119
two_ri^
are
divine,
Ffom
is
in
when we
consider the notorious fact of that gigantic combat
in itself, and abstracting from the wonderful harmony
formed by human and divine, visible and invisible,
created and uncreated, things, considered in the aggregate, that fact is sufficiently explained by either of
doctrines
tonfess, that
There
dered in
is
no
itself.
difficulty in explaining
There
is
no
any
fact, consi-
metaphysical
The
difficulty
consists
in
the
fulfilling
condition of
left
inex-
it.
Any Manichean
He
is
one.
God
by
faith, is
does not
capable of demon-
exist, or if
He
exists.
is
as the
good over
evil,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
I20
and what
we
supposition
is
necessary-
In
be definitely suppressed.
cannot
existence,
and
find,
this
which
If
all definitive
from what
victory
we pass
explanation,
is
impossible.
is
to
what
is
explanation of Proudhon,
we
and possible
particular
all
things are
all
met with
good
absurdity
and
evil,
the
absurdities,
In
evil
in that
fact,
when
citizen
Proudhon
he
is
but
in uttering it
said that
and
good and
evil coexist in
substantially, the
a foolish one.
in
no
discovering
good
evil.
place.
who
and
in
will call
will call
God
The only
will
locally
question,
all
places
then, lies
If evil
in
and
is
contradicting the
The
Man
God
no necessity
common
sense of the
human
Proudhon
race.
consists in
AND
LIBERALISM,
the fact that his dualism
one.
is
God
man
essentially instinctive,
By the
first
his
is evil,
good
is
dualism.
121
is
absurdity
SOCIALISM.
he
is
is
Manichean
this is the
is
one power
is
logical.
man whence
;
it
anything.
unities,
which
It results
be
from
so, is trinity
dualism
all this,
;
that trinity,
without ceasing to be
so, is
what they
are, are
unity
is
unity,
is
in all places.
If citizen
not say,
the theory
rejected as absurd
am
viz.,
and impossible.
The
still
personal union
it
is
be
is
involves an evident
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
122
contradiction.
dogma, there
Catholic
there
is
no
no contradiction
is
there
but
because there
be much obscurity,
If there
in terms.
however, no
is,
a profound obscurity
is
standing, in saying
sustained
two
that
by the same
palpable contradiction,
is
no contradic-
In what there
person.
substantial
as there
in the
is
is
radical
an evident absurdity, a
is
evil,
Wonderful
obscurity, without
more
man
cannot
contradicts,
fly
condemning himself
And
it.
of rationalism,
in
spite
it
of
its
follows
absurd contradictions
them on account
of
contradictions.
LIBERALISM,
matter
if it
offspring
AND
SOCIALISM.
is
its
CHAPTER
How
123
IV.
the
without falling
Catholicity,
rivalry between
saved by
liberty are
into
the
theory
of
No
solutions.
than
all
sooner
is
is
light.
fact,
that
man
its
not being
Man
is
condemned
the light.
proceeds
To him
from
an
there
is
impenetrable
mystery.
Between
but cannot
make
man
He
is
this
When he rejects,
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
124
which
ineffable light
is
God and
in
solutions.
Then what we
falls into
and
first
consideration
have solved
we
find
At
on farther
as
as incomplete, false.
contradictory,
and absurd.
are discussing
is
by
rejecting
As
it
as insufficient,
we
demon-
only remains to
it
demonstrate the supreme efficacy and sublime convenience of the Catholic, solution.
all
is
good, and
He had
thing
all
God
He
good
not, as to give
evil
He
good.
is
him
viz.,
to conceive that
He had. Two
He could give to
impossible
not, or
He
is
ness,
was
all
that
It
anything the
is
does
own
and
absolute good-
ftor evil,
viz.,
is
in
Him, and
is
AND
LIBERALISM,
not
He
SOCIALISM.
125
himself, establishing
its origin,
and
good inasmuch as he
Even the
relative
Man
goodness.
is
is
who
prince
good
in himself,
things.
God
abyss
is
good
is
The
is,
is
because
in itse lf,
is
he ceases
it is
Jiie
ordained to aa^end
sovereignly good.
And
notwithstanding that
all
created essences
are
what
and
is
finally,
and on the
how
it
other, in
what
contributes with
it
its
has
its
origin
dissonance to
tion of
the use
of choosing,
w hich,
human
as
we
liberty.
m an made of_thg..faculty
The
nature of things.
was
by the very
faculty of choosing
and the
evil,
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
125
all.
denying
by
it
in affirming it
by
its
union, or
The understanding
separation.
its
g'ood, or in
adhering to the
It consisted solely in
of
man
withdrew from the divine understanding, which was equivalent to separating from truth; separated from the truth,
it
ceased to understand
it.
ceased to
man
ceased to will
ceased to execute,
will, it
other hand,
it
it
and
Having
it.
as,
on the
and permanent faculties, which consisted in understanding, willing, and acting, he continued to understand, will,
and act, although what he understood, separated from
God, was not the truth, which is in God alone, nor what he
willed, the good,
which
is
in
God
what
will,
Error, which
actions.
is
was
sin,
which
is
view.
same
As
intellect,
is
denies
which
the good
is
which
all
that
different manifestations
two
different points of
God
affirms
in
God no
is
thing, considered in
sin
evil,
his intellect,
truth,
which
is
in
is
with His
will,
which
other
affir
in
His
will,
His understanding;
LIBERALISM,
substantially
God
it
AND
follows that
SOCIALISM.
which denies
sin,
God
127
in all
that
all
His affirmations;
par excellence.
That negation did
or
not,
could
the
not,
negation
the
affect
human
will,
perfect
and
excellent.
of their excellence,
harmony which
and
is
it
in
Still, if sin
them
their divine
that delicate
good
Maker
established in them,
with
all
all spirits,
vehement
Man,
gravitation.
with
an,
less perfect,
amorous and
but not
less
bosom
movement of
Matter
things to
agitated
by a
Him
itself,
without
effort.
And
all
SSAVS ON CATHOLtCISM,
X28
good which
is
in
God,
manner
this
and inamiswas
sible.
God
their
God
nothingness.
they are
be
sarily
He
for a time,
all jurisdiction
duced by the
it
withdrew the
own
He
placed,
beings which
Whence
free.
He
but His
jurisdiction of those
gent and
same manner.
the
in
essences from
willed
He
formed
intelli-
free angelic, or
will,
which
signifies
that
God
negation
is
in
is
that negation
is
things which
as
God
that
is
Dis-
to say, of the
manner of being of
all
God
willed should be
called disorder.
And
word
affirmed
things created
all
which
with
denied
is
order
it,
established
is
He
united,
and the
LIBERALISM,
The
disorder caused
from
its
SOCIALISM.
by the angelic
129
rebellion, con-
in
sisted
AND
its
centre,
by means of a change
manner of being, which consisted in the conits movement of gravitation towards its God,
into a movement of rotation around itself.
The disorder caused by the prevarication of man, was
similar to that caused by the rebellion of the angel, as it
is impossible to be a rebel and prevaricator in two ways
Man, having ceased to gravitate
essentially different.
in
its
version of
towards his
God with
and
mate end of
and of
his
ulti-
his under-
standing.
The
themselves
constituting
other,
centres.
His understanding
many
it
owed the
tradictions,
spirit,
fell
and the
into slavery
and
was afterwards war, tumult, conand discord. His nature was converted from
to the flesh.
harmony
divergent
so
man
all
by
himself,
was
trans-
being of
all
When
all
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
130
of his terrestrial
The
slavery.
we
if
which
titles
in his divine
and to understand
his word,
and to obey
his
com-
thorns.
mad
fury against
him
by
were, possessed
it
fields,
and over
the torrents
venom
at
at every step
he
The
Catholic explanation
inexplicable,
it
of
evil
naturally explained.
is
once
accepted,
fact,
do not
it
diffi-
and
simultaneous creations,
difficulty
by
was
increasing, the
naturally ceases.
That
more advance was made
the
still ,to
human
divinity,
reason
Or cannot be conceived at
all.
essential dualism
With that
in
the
divine dualism
AND
LIBERALISM,
comes
to the
who
131
necessary,
and necessary
possible
SOCIALISM.
victory
is
impossible, because a
definitive
by the good,
by the
or of the good
and neither
evil),
in
From
the im-
the contest
With the
itself.
divine,
in
which every
Manichean system ends, disappears the human, contradiction, to which the substantial co-existence of
good and evil in man must lead. That contradiction is
To
of
man
that he
good and
is
contrary
system
is
at one
essentially bad,
:
is
essentially
man
either that
essences,
is
composed of two
man
affirm
or that
same
is
one,
thing.
The
evil
evil
for
it is
exists,
but
it
does
considered thus,
nothing
is
else, if well
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
132
assigning of
it,
if
much
there be
is
and
in the
repugnant
to,
is
reason, as,
manner
no necessity to
is
is
it
and
intelligent
which
free beings,
sufficiently, to
intervention
anarchical
if
of the
alter,
its
Of
as free or as intelligent.
accidental and
of
first,
that as far as
God
the
it
things can be
it is evil, it
accidental,
considered as
evil,
is
ephemeral and
In this
way
Catholic affirmations.
The
disappear,
and
all
The
is
all
absurdities
evil exists,
is
is
In
one, with
because
if it
LIBERALISM,
human
AND
SOCIALISM.
exists as
all
things,
it
133
but the
for
if it
evil
were
The
convenience
evil
is in this,
In
fine,
in
falls levelled to
the ground.
transitory of
God,
of
an
is
creator, supporter,
all things.
evil,
accidental and
essences,
and
possible contest.
no imaginable
rivalry or
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
134
Two
vanquished.
ence of a contest
that
be uncertain.
it
victory
it
is
certain, or
Every
when
it
battle
is
is
and
impossible
from which
follows, that
great battles are absurd, which are entered on for universal domination or for
because he
.second,
will
who
is
one
will
in the first
be perfectly alone
case,
in the
be two perpetually.
after
they are
entered on.
CHAPTER
Secret analogies
v.
and
physical per-
How
far the
man.
but what
is
is
a matter
above
all
beyond human
doubt
is,
that in
AND
LIBERALISM,
Adam
his spirit
the former
The
by
and
and the
135
his flesh
pride,
SOCIALISM.
latter
by concupiscence.
in their
various manifestations.
We
gradation,
sin,
all
de-
and
all
is
it
follows
nothing but the relaxation of that hierarchical subordination which things had
among
the
Supreme Being,
or
what
is
union in which
And
all
all
as effects
the effects of
The moral
The
its
disunion
from
weakness of the
supreme
The
will.
will
divine
was
in
understanding.
its
disunion
The
from the
will.
by
sin,
consisted in
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
136
and
sickness
death
in
is
nothing
Death
same
nothing
is
disorder, that
extreme.
Therefore the physical and moral disorder, ignorance
and the weakness of the will on one part, and sickness and death on the other, are one and the same
.
thing.
This
will
the
same denomination
at the point
pride of the
the definite
spirit,
From
this
we
body and
death.
so close, that
is
is
it
only in the
one and the same thing in their end and in their beginning.
And how
could
it
be otherwise
if
the physical,
God;
For
if
God
the
is
rest,
.'
that
close
connection
between the
is
spirits
but
how
soul.
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
who
iiud of
two worlds
in the confluence of
Nor did
placed by
is
God
by
perturbation produced
great
that
137
Adam became
sin
subject to sick-
presume to penetrate mysteries so obscure, and acknowledging, as we do, that the judgments of God are as
secret as
nevertheless, that
if
it
appears to
us,
God
manner
is
practically,
though
in a certain
everything else
mystery;
is
for the
of
little
mystery
is
in
made
of
by way of consequence.
It is well to
remark here,
and to make
proof of what
in
we have
more clear,
considered
as endowed
that physical things cannot be
said,
this
subject
difficult
as
existing in them-
by themselves, and
it is
God
a pure
spirit,
This being
so,
being
things,
in their
ex'st,
or
if
they
Cornell Catholic
Union Library.
SSSAVS ON CATHOLICISM,
138
by God and
exist
exist,
we
spirit
for
and
God
what
it
may,
from which
a disturbance, be
it
must necessarily be
as
it
is
be at
rest,
when
there
The
is
a perturbation in what
all things.
by
all
to the
all spirits,
The countenance
bodies.
was and
sin
common
the
is
and
of God, pre-
ceased to
,
poisons,
and
it
distil
and
its
its
covered
itself
it
its
was
and
its
fountains
fruitful
in
dreadful forests,
Man
being placed
in
other help
than
his
that
impetuous current of
of the
all
divine
the physical
mercy, to the
ills,
and of
all
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
139
his
his flesh
had
bitter dregs, or
by
were counted
desires,
his
by
griefs
his
torture, his
by
illusions
his
illusions.
prevision as
throw fringes
his
evil
to which he
Condemned
superstitions.
to suffer
will
feeling
abysses of
all
who
Con-
demned
of his toils
brow
have
fallen
Place
man
nowhere
will
came
'i
you
wish,
first
sin.
If
flesh that
fall
Who was
.'
Who
spirit that
We
men,
alike,
in
because
we
has
life,
and
in
its
reverses
all
al]
punished.
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
140
If birth, if
is it
life,
we
that
thing else
is
and
if
we
of terrors
we come
to the world,
live
when we are
first
salute
is
expounded, and
The
how
all
light,
a sob
the
arms
And why,
do we open them to
dogmas we have
mysterious
their
just
consequences.
men who
followed Him,
by
by blotting out sins
now suppressing the cause by means of the suppression
of the effects, and now the effects by means of the suppression of the cause. When a paralytic was placed in
His presence, on an occasion when He was surrounded
by a multitude of doctors and Pharisees, He raised His
voice and said to him, " Have confidence, my son, I
remit your sins." Those that were present were scanand
the Nazarene
and on the
other, that
it
was extrava-
And
as the
the
"And
that they
power on earth
may know
He
sin.
rising in
immediately added,
man
hath
"
and
it
happened
LIBERALISM,
He
AND
SOCIALISM.
J41
said
of curing,
thing.
remembering;
it
may be
what we have
first,
said,
He was exempt
because
tion,
all
from
sin;
second, that
He
He had accepted the
He accepted the princi-
on His head,
causes,
He
ples.
companion of
He
and
He
sin,
and
He
it
as the inseparable
sweated blood
the Garden,
in
felt
He
suffered
and
He
His
spirit to
As
we
human
race proclaims
and
invincible
great mystery
power obliged
:
the voice of
it
it,
as
if
with
all traditions,
the sentiments
it,
a supernatural
all tell
by the
us myste-
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
143
happened
consequence of a primitive
fault,
Aurora of history, in
whose enormity was
it
elements become
phenomena
disordered,
in the celestial
visitations,^
monious
rotation,
one another,
quakes, and
if
if
is
womb
rises
of peoples, guardians of
voice,
in a crinle sufficient to
the error
in the
is
in
in
err frequently,
when they
And
AND
LIBERALISM,
its
generality,
is
SOCIALISM.
rid
is difficult,
What
what
the tradi-
is false
error lives
it
application,
143
in the
and grows
truth.
in
race,
human
and
for
has
catastrophes
race,
have
a certain
tremendous
and rude shocks
measure, then
its
nations,
visited
First of
risen to
all,
universal
tell
us,
and
in
and
frantic
their
passions;
full,
and
burying
common
ruin,
and
valleys.
When
of their course,
it
levelling the
happened,
in
came
to the world.
all for
The time
of His
coming
mahce
ESSA rS ON CA THOLICISI.^,
144
this
tearful memory,
had passed since
a people, blind and maddened, as if it were
the creation,
its
made Him
the object of
sorts of affronts'
all
God
in its hands,
and
mockery, accumulated
and murdered
thieves.
its
its
Him on
on the cross between two
Then again the cup of divine wrath flowed
shoulders with
high,
that
all
all
To
Him
over
was
were
split,
Many other examples might be adduced in confirmation of the mysterious harmony which is observed
between the moral and physical disturbances, and in support of the universal tradition which in
and proclaims
to
parts testifies
all
as terminated.
CHAPTER
The. angelic
and
the
VI.
Greatness
human prevarications
UF
the offspring of
sin,
and about
sin,
which comes to us
LIBERALISM^
from human
liberty,
AND
SOCIALISM.
which moves
a wide
in
145
field in its
that
sovereign
everything with
may
however,
strikes
it
me
Before proceeding
commenced
ended
in
tions
in
heaven and
and objec-
reflections
in
how the
by the profound
we
shall
see
how
are superior to
and dramatic
Catholic theory
is
above
all others,
all
the facts
on which
it
is
now
founded
effect.
Up
to this
we
discovered their
now we
shall
bathed
in
absorbed
pure
face,
spirits,
contemplation of Him.
their nature
was
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
146
By
its
by
wisdom,
as
by
intelligence,
its
liberty,
its
it
man by
to
and by
its
limited
And
all
creatures
came
into
sublime Being
by the immense
who
above
is
all
beings,
ended
and
ladder,
in that
whom
the
which
above all
and become spiritualised, in a certain way, like
man and man, to become more spiritualised like the
angel and the angel, to assimilate itself more to that
is
to rise
;
whose height no
life,
rising,
all
and whose
come from
who was their beand as all had come from Him,
the Creator of
All had
In this
to that
in
way
them a
striking
separating those
all things,
and placed
bond,
and collecting
From which we
act
different
God gave
acts,
147
and of that
creating
And
as there
of
all
that
For
substances
beauties.
order there
no
and
order,
placed in things,
which
is
the
is
He
what
which
God
substances.
is
placed in things.
signifies
all
of
is
God, neither
He had
all
the aggregate
signifies the
form
aggregate of
all
creature.
If all
beauty consists
in the beginning,
and
if
by God
it
follows
There being no
order, there
is
not an
sist in
is
sort of
evil,
nor
is
there
any
evil that
disorder
is
the
evil
par
is
excellence ;
For
this
beyond disorder
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
148
there
is
is
no
evil,
as
no good.
We infer from
is
breaking
that
and that
par
admirable bond,
disorder,
excellence, consists
or,
in
sublime concert.
As
disturbed, except
Maker
that
is,
intelligent
what
is
The
men
free.
Hence
it
follows
or,
angels and
men
from which
it is
and
it
by
and
Maker;
disorder,
and men.
All disobedience and
what
is
and
called sin,
disobedience,
it
follows
all
rebellion against
all sin
God being
sin.
AND
LIBERALISM,
thing, but evil,
follows that
it
and
disobedience,
sin,
are
evil,
in
which
When
all
sin the
evWpar
in
Whence we
similarity.
reason
order, submission,
may
149
disorder, rebellion,
things
bHshed
SOCIALISM.
will is the
excellence.
in
his eyes
it
them on
himself, burying
own
in
creatures.
That
first
the
evil,
evils,
creation,
and the
and of
first sin,
all
was the
first
disorder, the
sins,
of
all
race, in
succeeding
times.
For,
without
when the
light,
sparkHng and
fallen angel,
in paradise,
feeling in himself
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
ISO
now
demnation,
them
design of dragging
formed the
that
it
into
his
con-
restrial
paradise,
woman
fell
fresh
ter-
and
happiness.
Nothing
simplicity with
sublime tragedy
this
is
their, thrones,
prohibit
menced
felt
his
In
discourse,
serpent com-
immediately
awaken
in
her heart.
will,
fruit of all
way the
this
first
From
this
overcome by
LIBERALISM,
and you
be
shall
like gods,
woman
AND
151
evil.
influence
felt in
SOCIALISM.
giddiness of pride.
first
God was
Proud and
moment.
infernal illusions
unknown
fire
the eyes, and the delight of the flesh, and the pride of the
spirit,
first
And
the
first
was disturbed
man,
and the
disorder,
commenced
it
is,
in the
which
it
was put by
in
all
its
left
divine Maker.
know
to sink to I
No
is
to seek death
for to
and bid
life.
matter
man may dig in the unfathomwisdom, no matter how high he may rise
how deep
able abyss of
in the investigation
will never
rise
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
52
that
first
No man
it is,
and how
terrible
sin.
To
understand
how
disasters,
for,
par
excellence ;
negation
and
sin
its.
a,n
sin,
as between affirmation
invincible contradiction,
No. catastrophe
is
an
infinite
repugnance.
because
The storms
tranquil, because
is
mands them
calls
is
it
to congregate,
It
'
AND
LIBERALISM,
is
He who
sinful city,
SOCIALISM.
153
and
it is
He
who,
if it
light-
dissi-
Gollects
rise
and
fall
of
all
empires
His
it
is
it
He who
He who
is
empires of
without
alleviation,
perpetual hunger
satisfaction,
see,
all is
the ears
agitation
There
is
On
place
is
its
all
The boundaries
of that
it
was
He
himself placed
it
where
it
reprobate, as
He made
the
ESSA yS ON CA THOLICISM,
54
good, as
all
Wars,
itself,
in-
are a
end of
creation,
and
all
serve as
And
because
all
are good,
all
repose of the
Maker
He
of
Him
Nothing causes
all things.
has not
made
and as
He
has
made
Him horror but the negaHe has made. Hence disorder, which is the
the order He placed in things, causes Him
what
tion of
negation of
horror
is
evil,
evil.
sin
whence
it
part of
man
God,
is
cause horror to
angels.
was
it
Sodom
cor-iic,
of Jerusalem
LIBERALISM,
the ungrateful, of
willed
all
AND
SOCIALISM.
155
these things,
sin.
all
and what
fall,
is
mounted the
cross,
Him weep
fixed on sin.
and
in the
He wept
He wept at
and
because
He
He
He
felt
soul.
Him
was
He was
was
sin nailed
and
it
sin
Him
it
it
was
it
Him
was
made
sin
drove
Him
and
it
into agony,
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
IS6
CHAPTER
How God draws good from
VII.
the angelic
prevarication.
Of
all
man
which constitutes
associates
As
all
in
his
this liberty
and
things human.
in the
is
that of liberty,
the government of
is
harmony
beauty, to give
on him the
him the
right
faculty of staining
it,
is
to confer
This
right,
inentioned,
is
awful, that
God
so
extraordinary,
and
this
faculty so
certain of converting
it
into
it,
if
He
an instrument
its
The supreme
harmony
LIBERALISM,
press this
supreme power
AND
in
SOCIALISM.
God, and
it
will
157
be logically
deny
or to
at
omnipotence.
God
If
par
permits
sin,
which
is
His mercy.
new
sin, far
serves
justice,
from
an
as
will
sovereign justice
As
God, God,
in
His
infinite
and
as,
on one
might be
by
and
left unfulfilled
nor the
will
of
God be
unfulfilled.
As
human
liberty,
the
and
will,
how
the will of
God and
in discovering
ESSA rS ON CA THOLICISM,
1s8
may
not cease to be
For
this, it
God
cease to be Sovereign.
real in
is,
nor
free,
in
another
that
Him
united to
in another manner.
By
His grace.
sin
to.
it
should be
Intelligent
and
God by an
effect of
free
to themselves, in quality
if
new manner
of union,
sight,
cilable
and
in
manner of
The
much
He
because
it
is
creature which
is
separated from
;
and
He is mercy, only
Him inasmuch as He
it is
a special
to
also separated
is
from
fall
Him
into
hands
inas-
them except
inasmuch as
He
is
God inasmuch
was separated, from
the object of
because
as
into His
falls
does not
justice,
was
is
as
separated from
justice.
union
all
creature
God inasmuch
as
The
disunion.
it
Him
inasmuch as
He
is
it
justice.
AND
LIBERALISM,
The
SOCIALISM.
159
disunion which
God
it
chooses
it
prefers,
by
the
another,
centre
its
circumference,
He
There
is
in
its
The
centre
and
which
is
however,
is
all
eternity
God
.'
What
is
all
collection
the
things infinitely
Divine Intellect
What means
.'
dilation
angel so
collected in
one,
so presumptuous, as to endeavour
What
No
What
'
.'
the
man
is
God, to
is
the circumference.
able to escape
powerful, what
liberty of
it.
every-
finger
contains
intelligent
ference,
as centre.
He
God
And what
What
collection
.''
For
this
became
man
in
whom
the spirit of
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
i6o
all
in all things,
fly,
from
God?
do you wish
from
so sublimely tender.
term of
things
all
It is
potently Sovereign
as
all
by
paths end,
And
intelligently free.
which consists
paths, which
end
God
By
we
fly
lips
is
to
let it
in selecting
for
is
omni-
by which
consider that
liberty
which consists
in
selecting
for
term of
all
two
hell
by the
by
the one or
his
hunger to be
Beyond
ciliation
free
other,
what
it
.-1
no possible recon-
we
whilst
we
God
and
heaven.
l/^e
loftiest designs.
human and
With
it
of the angelic
AND
LIBERALISM,
varication of the angel,
occult
way
it
SOCIALISM.
i6i
God drew
disunion.
by transforming union
momentary disunion
ing the
The angel
grace,
He
and
terrible
into
Him
to
union.
indissoluble
into
God by reward,
eternally
by pun-
thunder of His
Wishing to
justice.
fly abso-
Him
from
He
in
God
separated from
with
God
the just.
Him
in another.
to
God;
Him
on the
Whence
in
as true
God on one
it
all.
Sin
is
Sin
it
is
denies
own
negations,
all
phantom of phaijtom.
tion of
its
it
If
man, which, as
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
i63
bond
mercy.
of infinite
tion, this
who was
God permitted
He had
was because
the world,
If
to
come
Him
with the
his prevarica-
was necessary
for the
supreme good,
him
he
him
sufficient virtue in
vacillated,
he
he wept,
fell,
because
because
earth
also
Man
sin.
sustain
blessing,
of the Deluge,
had
felt
his pains
As
human
prevarications enter as
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
163
are subject.
produces from
its
womb diversity, which perpetually returns to the prolific womb from which it came the bosom of God, who
is
Him
and so
diversity
He
He drew
will,
immediately subjected
laws,
itself
all
things
man
He
gave to the
He
im-
and the
inviolability of those
laws,
made the
i64
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
human and
the angehc
broad
The
divine
which
will,
precept given to
Adam
is
is
in the
in paradise
the diversity,
is
in the condition
and
if thou eatest
by the
subject to death ;
the
woman
it
proceeds,
threat
that
the
way
it
comes
the
way
of justice
and
of mercy.
If the precept
human
would be suppressed.
would be suppressed
in its
exterior manifestation.
other,
if it is
If the threat
from which
As
it
is
in the
AND
LIBERALISM,
separated from
justice
if
165
after
If,
God by
SOCIALISM.
God
God
of
of mercy.
human
perturbation
fix
time,
is
by
accident,
a harmony by essence,
is
we
we
will
how their
wonderful harmony, by the
be astonished to see
converted into
dissonance
irresistible
On
arriving here,
farther,
it is
of
some of the
is
in itself a reflex, as
all
it
were,
together are
For
the
brilliant
lily
which
is
lilies,
foot rests.
voice.
He
The
is
sublime wrath
His
will,
His
lightning
in the
arches.
And
He gave
the
on which His
with His
pestuous whirlwinds.
of the plains.
is
He
painted
us,
stars,
We
my
splendid
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
i66
from
On passing
before us,
His
And
the angel
beautiful,
and man
fect figure
And
as neither the
and
free beings,
itself
When
all
God shone
we may
all
harmonies.
renewed
and increased splendour. The universe in general was
the perfect reflex of His omnipotence the terrestrial
;
was
His mercy,
heaven
two poles of
justice
creation,
was
When
His
AND
LIBERALISM,
human
that
prevarication there
that which
was afterwards
167
was no perfection
exteriorly,
in
by something
God
besides
to be manifested on Calvary,
all
SOCIALISM.
dives into
if
well considered,
is
nothing
all solutions.
CHAPTER
VIII.
Before
think
it
God
on rendering
sarily stumbles,
religious, political,
As
evil
and
fearful questions,
itself
social problems.*
that in
its
profound ignorance
not because
though
it
it is
is, it
it
I will
not theological in
does not
know
merely say of
despises theology,
it.
its
it,
and
political,
human
have with
things, the
social
all
and
proThe
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
1 68
which
refer to
all
human
associations.
The
Liberal school
theologian
among
is
its
of governors of peoples,
cardinal
is
so unstained, that
to the blush
and
it
puts that of
many
by
kings
it
did
whom
France
in
her enthu-
siasm,
and
and
perpetually associated with that of the most renowned
queen and illustrious woman of Spain, famous among
nations for its illustrious women and its renowned queens.
The latter is great in Europe by the grandeur of his
designs, and by the acuteness and sagacity of his protheologians.
The name
digious intellect.
The
of the former
is
gloriously
happy
above
LIBERALISM,
and
SOCIALISM.
tranquil,
The
and calm.
AND
other,
coming
pilot
169
found peace
monarchy was
of the Spanish
dis-
The
science
of
God
gives
it
intellect.
wonderful in the
lives of
What
me most
is
tomed
appears to
know no man
accus-
not superior to
in
is
and above
all, I
prudent
common
condemned
sense.
all
in
equal circumstances,
If the
human
it
would
select for
counsellors theologians
know, and
know many,
recognised an unshaken
sagacity,
common
sense,
whom
means of escape
difficult
in the
have
and a prodigious
practical
problems, and
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM.
170
who
lived a contemplative
and
covered, and
those
who have
men
are called
one of
to discover,
who would
be capable of understanding any business. To this
numerous class belong those who look on it as their
office to deceive others, and who only deceive themselves.
It is here that man is astonished at the sublime judgments of God for if God had not condemned those who
despise or ignore Him, deceivers by profession, to be
spiritual,
and, above
all,
divine speculations,
perpetually stupid
of those
who
or
if
He had
human
societies
The power
of contemplative
There
is
in its
being and
is
the devil.
perfect
its
all
spiritual
The
and contemplative
who
ignore or despise
That
speculations.
others,
and
all his
immense power.
except
necessarily are.
its
faith,
in the
nor declaring
degree in which
Never giving an
evil,
all
it is
all
As
not
schools
explicit exposition of
LIBERALISM,
which are found
trifles, it
SOCIALISM.
AND
it
may
171
and proclaiming,
be said of
it,
that
it
believes in
an
by the philosophers
the government of human things, and by certain laws
which he
universal
instituted in the
of this school
rant,
his
beginning of time
king of creation, he
in the
perpetually igno-
the ministers
When he deputed
ruled.
his
name, he deposited
question of government
that
sible
is
a question of legitimacy
is
legitimate, evil
is
illegitimate, eyil is
inevitable.
The
so
imposis
question of good
which
He
SSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
172
and that
ever,
and
in a special
direct
it
be governed by reason,
societies should
way
entrusted in a general
way
whence
it
to the philosophers
follows
way
in the
middle
philosophers
classes,
teach and
governments
that there
who
by necessary consequence,
and
way
in a special
the
a general
in
in
the
to
my
Liberal readers
evident to me.
its
The
Liberal school
is
not atheistical in
it,
leads, with-
it
from consequence
cannot deny
in
the
God whom
the school.
is
it
all rights,
He who
deist
God
recognises in
is
Him
he who denies
the constituent
he who
a Catholic;
in
or the constituent
Recognis-
all creatures, it
the constituent,
all
existence,
sovereignty
is
an
atheist.
LIBERALISM,
is
AND
SOCIALISM.
beginning and
its
173
origin.
The
Deism,
exists in
in
Hence proceed
consequence.
the Liberal school, the democratic and the liberal, properly so called
The democratic
consistent.
party, carried
inflexi-
by an
at once atheistical
and
it
itself,
situate be-
tween two
cover
its
seas,
top
the
socialistic,
it
and
God
without
recognises,
on one
and on the
reason.
other,
And
so
we were
human
right
human, but as
originally
is
no other
evil
but that
God
placed
it
in the
beginning
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
174
as
it
settled
and
not
is
human
things resides
by
seen,
it
As we have
egotistical.
it
has no notion of
it
man
because devoid of
Impotent
whatever.
for good,
all
knowing
it
it,
to
embark
in the ship
whose fortune
wane
and
to
the period of
fugitive time
its
domination
is
is
carries
This
on the
that transitory
Jesus,
and
is
in
a state of
itself
to be
supreme
.in
preventing the
mouth of
its
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
175
among
always short
man was
cussion, being as
human
nature.
it
is,
the
The peoples
when they
it
may
last, is
and perpetual
act,
enemy
a day comes
stincts,
how long
born to
dis-
of action, contradicts
pressed by
all
their
in-
The
because
it
because
it is
is
a theology; and
a satanic theology.
it
it
destructive, only
is
The
is
Socialistic schools,
anti-theological
and
if
we
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
iy6
who must be
ing, I
He
has no
will,
nor even
deny the Catholic God but while denyWhat I cannot conceive is a god
conceive Him.
personality
Everything inclines
me
a shadow.
The
all fictions.
all
distinc-
tion
has
all
The
sovereign
exist.
is
like
Sovereignty
is
God
he
is
least.
it
either does
and incommunicable. Legitimacy of reason are two words, the latter of which designates the subject, and the former the attribute.
I deny
not exist, or
it is
indivisible
.'
as far as I
ing
it
that
it
may
it
am
is
now going
concerned,
am
Discussion
is
the
LIBERALISM,
sword the
spiritual
against
is
the
it
AND
spirit wields
title
SOCIALISM.
17;
armour
Discussion
avails.
Man, according
Was
Catholic,
when
only
lost
to the
same demon
spiritual
But
would
it
or,
who
call
a discussion.
it,
he had
appear
we may
as
said to
him
Begone, Satan,
It
front,
human
mad enough
things,
religious
and
totle
social
institutions,
Socrates, Plato,
in deciding against
and
the
and Aris-
him
in the
on
his side.
As
regards the
does not
exist.
evil, it is
The forms
thing to engender
constituted,
it
government
it is
will
and
it.
If society
be able to
if it
is
forms of
does not
it
resist
sickly.
them,
it is
because
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
178
remedy
human
nature
and
in this case
the
is
The fundamental
Liberalism
Socialists
is
totally eclipsed
When
why
no importance whatever.
their
tre-
contradictory solutions.
human
nature in the
is
is
sin,
man, and
first
order
evil,
by proportioning
by the
unhealthy
the
latter,
all
men
tutions,
when
it
is in
the other
to rise
there
is
man
is
up
when
it
there
is
to
When
is
in
it,
war with
through the
convokes and
calls
no doubt that
in this
way
tries
it
good which
on
of what
is
of proposing
much
that
is
by
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
all
ephemeral and
on the
social, and,
brings into
other,
discussion
by
capable of
there
from
their
the
from
all
problems,
problems as
of
elevation
no words
are
describing
side,
all religious,
political
its
179
occupying
any language
in
profound
it
the
incapacity and
enemy
The
Liberal
a God.
for
of battle,
when the
Its
it
is
No
one
CHAPTER
IX.
Socialistic solutions.
The
ASSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
l8o
solving them.
and
its institutions,
From
man and
his constitution,
its
laws,
it
As
far as
distinguished from
republican.
The
it
question
lies in
investigating whether
we
religious,
point of view.
it is
clear
solving
by
itself,
all
ques-
is
and
in
it
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
i8i
the negation of
it
human
of
The negation
reason
contradicts
its
absolute independence
independent sovereignty.
God by
revelation,
by
God
all.
not united to
at
the negation of
the contradiction of
is
all link
to
of revela-
man
for if
the negation of
man
providence, and
is
by
not united
grace, he
is
having
attributes, is
school, the
schools.
Besides, this
accidental,
it,
contradictions.
is
it
is
destroys
it
proclaims.
God
does with
political,
The
it
in the religious,
office of the
being
no matter
What
which
from
far
is
contradiction,
rationalistic
annuls,
There
is
Liberal school
is
to
none of
its
principles
and immediately
it
proclaims monarchy,
ministerial responsibility,
and conse-
SSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
82
which
is
contradictory of monarchy.
proclaims minis-
It
terial responsibility,
in-
of the ministers.
is
It
contradictory of the
is
It
proclaims
and
electors,
immediately
supreme
explicitly, the
more or
accepts,
it
less
which
right of insurrection,
is
which
proclaim
to
is
immediately,
which
bility,
And
with
all
it
is
because
an
it
to ostracise the
to
which
never
it
There
is
the
god of the
time,
its
in
all
and the
corresponding equi-
and as a god,
places.
Corruption
at one
is
it
In such
discovers,
power of corruption.
school,
way
when
it
is
no
Cassar, all
the
is
and the
has the
prevails,
where there
it
and
artifice
same
sovereign multitude.
discover, through
equilibrium
nature of man.
librium
omnipotence, and
sovereign
its
for
Caesar, or vote
must be Caesars or
AND
LIBERALISM,
For
prsetorians.
death
The
by promising them
ministers,
school
this
gangrened.
die
all
183
domination of
under the
SOCIALISM.
kings
eternity
which
fall
same
the
die
corrupt
the
the ministers
The
prerogative.
all
The
members
traffic
all
threats.
when the
Socialistic schools
asserts,
it
from being as
and consistent
logical
Catholic school in
with
all
His
Him
The
in the
Socialistic schools,
in
denying
God
Him
on the contrary,
definitely,
reasons, nor
fact
attributes, with
The
affirmation.
deny
its.
say that
this discourse, I
Him
do not
This consists
filled
all
same
for the
in the
with dread in
is no God. One
would say that, arriving here, man fears he cannot pass for-
and
his
blasphemy.
that exists
by
is
affirming that
is
all
saying
that exists
All
others,
identical;
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
84
who
man
In the former,
humanity
God
is
God
is
cessive
is
God
;
is
man, or part of
and they
incline to
God
is
is
a great
incarnate.
in Caesar,
became
Others are of
incarnations
God was
is
Accord-
He
humanity
true
in the latter.
believe that
the reflective
and
in
Charlemagne, and
successively
in
Napoleon.
He
Asiatic
Roman.
In the beginning,
He was
appearance
in
appearance
in
become incarnate
in
Contradictions.
This
man
is
As
all rationalistic
M. Proudhon,
whom we
in these
whom we
mention
M. Proudhon passes
shall
Socialists.
no doubt
it
"
LIBERALISM,
is
AND
SOCIALISM.
185
may
as
form a proper
relative to the
this book.
God
defines
in the
universal power,
produces by the
itself,
manner
following
penetrated
infinite
with
"
God
is
which
intelligence,
consciousness which
the
has of
it
fluid to
tion of
and says
itself,
man
in
attains to a recogni-
Him
far
how have
from being
the wonder-
God
God
our reason
sonal
God and
viii.,
is
deism.
System of Econo-
he says
me
appeared to
sonal or
denied
He
hypocrisy or cowardice.
in the
text asserts.
Here
is
God
asserted
all
all
is
per-
that
is
ESSA VS
86
OAT
CA THOLICISM,
God and
pantheism.
" I
think
is
On
of which
this book,
the other
another chapter of
in
with a concrete
itself
form.
The condemnation
rivalry,
appear more
and
am
of humanism,
that this
intelligent
among
the Socialists
it
it,
me
for
me
For
my part'
am
the more
becomes
"
certain as I
think on
it,
to subscribe to
and consecrating mysticism under the name of humanism, again places the sciences under the rule of preoccupations, morality under the rule of habit, social
rule
of
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
187
....
ceded
this religion, in
it,
is
why
am
union with
to
And
repudiate
all
still
against which
is
my
destiny."
definition of
how we journey by
behold
chance, conducted
it
"And
by prowounds"
all
is
now
pantheist,
that he believes in
and
if
that
god be not a
finally, that
way
"
man
Providence regarding
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
88
be
it
said,
and
be
to our happiness
it
known, bear
testi-
it
If
not because
is
He
is
obhged to
And
it
by the
religion of
Him
comes
despised slave of
he
Man
to the ground.
God
he
is
is
not the
us."
manicheism
rival,
but the
evil,
is
instincts
God
what union of
severe, inflexible,
is
know
and mathematical
not
laws.
proves
Fatum
more
Fatalism
of the ancients.
clearly in
these words
is
discovered
still
"
what we should
do,
The
of destiny.
is
precisely, in the
On
God
What
multiplied
power go ?
Where
}
is
He
"i
Into
What is His
What promises
will
does
How far
He make
is
He
does His
us
And
LIBERALISM,
AND
all
189
hand
analysis in our
moment
SOCIALISM.
hell,
all
to
the divinities
a negation of
let
man
all
put a
object, or let
it
once for
into
In
fact,
spirit or
all,
by
as governed
he does
is,
an impossible,
draw from
entity, to
it
an
Deep and
To make
pro-
it
we come
par
succes-
and
after
to the
excellence are
is
all
fatal
and
theodicy
"
inevitable.
("
Atheism
is
at
tions," Prologue).
Once
arrived at this
cloudy abyss,
it
this
into
lips,
throne of God,
ment
that,
fall
into
^.S-^^
igo
YS
is
ON CA THOLICISM,
His tongue can
their centre.
find
nor
fits
His style
frantic.
at once
is
Here he exclaims
" What is the use
of adoring that phantom of Divinity
And what does
He want of us by means of that gang of inspired people
who persecute us everywhere with their sermons?"
(" Syst^me des Contradictions, chap, iii.") And further on
he allows tliese cynical expressions to drop from him
" With regard to God, I know Him not.
God is nothing
but pure mysticism. If you desire me to listen to you,
begin by suppressing that word in your discourses for,
cynically gross.
.'
How much
me
of
my
talks to
liberty or
my
have
me
of
purse.
my
Behold
religion
science
for
God,
With what
am
holy.'
imbecile
not,
He
right could
Deceptive
God
spirit!
your kingdom
is
am
if
among
holy
as
and as
for
know I
you, how
AND
LIBERALISM,
can you be
so, if
you and
SOCIALISM.
called, learn
me
from
now we know
that
same
Eter-
191
the
rival of
And
viii.)
You are,
Adam,
you.
further on
he denies, he says
"
You
ance.
your
We
were
and
all
body and
his discreet
as
it
invisible majesty, to
soul,
you insulted
were nothing
in presence of
man receives in
will
my
hand
am
Retire,
God, and
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
192
It is
No
conscience.
God
is
it
God
himself.
Those muscular,
in hell.
violent,
already
mad
phrenzy, that
is
man
blessing of
hope
faith,
And
speaking of Catholicism, he
he has
lost
the last
yet, occasionally,
feels,
without knowing
when
it,
its
martyrdom
ceases, as it were by enchantment
a gentle and refreshing breeze from heaven reaches his brow, dries up the
Then
his
fit
of epileptic convulsions.
superior
is
it
to
all,
sitarians, economists, in
man
The
grination,
priest
and that
all
complete perfection
is
denied us
world
be completed in heaven.
he would
sooner
religion
By what
it
religion, satisfied
what
is sufficient
with knowing,
for the
temporal
will
does
prefer
martyrdom.
inconceivable
Oh, beloved
error
of
reason
"
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
193
now
much more
sight.
With
notorious,
Proudhon's char-
think
and even
right,
it
transfcendent
it
fact,
we
is
first
a public,
is
that M.
Proudhon has adopted, one after another, all the systems relative to the Divinity, and that there is no one
fact
among
inexplicable
totally
is
the Sociahsts so
if
consider
of contradictions
full
consistency
terranean paths,
by what
it.
is
whence
By what
illation of subtle
it
a fact consub-
and knotty
honian contradictions,
has
the
world come
to
call
that
is,
The
M.
the
latter real,
if
is
the contradiction
they are
all
contradictory
among themselves
it,
but
and
if
we
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
194
fix
it
all
others
sin,
is,
like
it,
an actual
and
all
errors in posse;
wide unity
it
them
is
all.
its
supreme
In
unity.
other contradic-
all
fact,
rationalism
most consistent
is
and amongst
he who
is
is
is
at
fatal-
rationalists the
and atheist.
These considerations, which serve to explain the two
facts, apparently contradictory, mentioned above, also
humanist, manichean,
satisfactorily explain
fatalist, sceptic,
we have
writings of
it
is
evil,
how
con-
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
CHAPTER
igj
X.
Conclusion of
There
and
evil,
man
so
as to dare
mode
they
all,
or form in which
however, decidedly
they
settled
all
evil,
latter.
Leaving these
exists
deny
mad
this book.
all
and end-
less contests.
The
is
is
it
supreme good
the dust.
The
no other
is
evil
but what
in the
upon
is in
it
as
society,
complete destruc-
comes
that the good
evil
The
commence
till
the future.
the other, in a supreme disarrangement, which, according to the Liberal school, must be realised in the political,
Socialists,
in
the social,
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
196
regions, the
and
intrinsic
goodness of man,
who
is
be the
to
intel-
This
free agent of both disarrangements.
Socialthe
enunciated
by
explicitly
been
has
conclusion
istic schools, and is implicitly involved in the theory
and
ligent
is
man
in
is
is
Supposing the
be secured.
follows
is,
latter,
what
logically
government,
in
which are
its
and
centre
its origin.
From
rationalistic,
By the
tory.
whether
Catholic, disturbance,
political or
condemned as mad and useless. The rationalistic theories condemn all moral reform of man as useAnd the one and the other are consisless and mad.
social, is
government or
or
government
in society,
?
And
why
for
if
will
you disturb
on the contrary,
if
society
the evil
you attempt an
The
interior
reform of
man
is
why
no inconvenience
in ac-
LIBERALISM,
the
cepting
AND
SOCIALISM.
presented in
question,
this
its
197
it
presents itself of
Accept-
own
its
The
way.
acceptation,
accord,
itself in
itself
and
and
this
The
do.
principles,
it
is
all
ill
human
contradictions.
in its eyes,
excellent,
their counter-
and of
but political
without adverting
for
man, purified
On
and the
so,
declare
this occasion,
Socialism
things
is
either
absolutely impossible;
man
is
If unpurified
the
ofifice
social,
one
of
two
preclude of
for
and
disturbances
political,
;
and
of political disturber, to
if
man
takes on
are
only the
man
relinquishes
So
in the
one as
reason on their
against the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
198
if
the evil
or in government, there
is
is
essentially in society
its
being either
man
himself,
which
is
God
become divine. He
equal to transforming
be
human
to
man
into
it
is
clear
Socialistic schools
man
is
him one way, and his will another, nor do they grant
there is any sort of contradiction between the spirit and
the flesh. The supreme end of Sansimonianism is to
demonstrate practically the conciliation and the unity
of those two powerful energies
tion
common
to all Socialists,
which consists
in giving
ill-
AND
LIBERALISM,
man, who
is
199
Sansimonians to deny
and
SOCIALISM.
all
The
man.
flesh
pacification
once proclaimed,
universal pacification
it
between the
was
and the
spirit
and reconciliation of
all
things
mense
aspiration.
The common
its
on the
other,
man
proclaim
but also in
tute
it;
all
its
absolute goodness,
it
our special
is
its
was
unity,
and
logical to
and
in
schools,
some
implicitly,
others expHcitly,
Supposing the
it
was
logical
their impetuosity.
And
which
and
200
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
principles of
less
cynicism in
all
the Social-
Sansimonian
schools,
istic
and
spangled firmament.
That
flesh.
is
That
is
what
woman and
of
rehabilitation
what
about attractions.
is
signified
Fourrier says
is
signified
by the
by Fourrier's theory
" Duty proceeds from
virtues of
"
political,
religious,
and
social institutions
by an angel' The evil will have disappeared from the world, which heretofore has been, but
shall no longer be, condemned to be a valley of tears.
paradise, guarded
This
is
My
evil,
of
AND
LIBERALISM,
me
SOCIALISM.
by
201
on the
step,
Much
less will
me
to do so,
simple
its
my
to effect
purpose.
the
and the
it
it is
Considered
in the
is
who
institutions.
view,
Considered
pantheistical.
laws,
all
under the
pantheistical point of
individual,
concrete,
and necessary
tion, it is
existence.
who
it
from man.
evil
it
In the
constitute
it,
essentially.
which, society
is
there can be
not previously
follows,
by necessary
in
in
the
conse-
it,
come
it
exists
supposi-
is
society in which
first
by incidence
whom it was
the second
evil
it
from the
only,
without
originally
and
supposition, according to
itself
with a
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
202
concrete, individual,
admit
it
alists
Whether
viz.,
if
society
is
what
the former,
incidence
We have seen
how
that mischievous
Catholics untie
these
all
knots, in
in
consequence of
same
difficulties re-
considered as existing
company
I
will
this
is
it
a theory of mountebanks,
To be as sober as I purposed,
argumentation by placing Socialism in
The evil which is in society is an
of buffiaons.
end
this
dilemma
is
in saying
essence or an accident.
it,
is
me
If
it
be an essence, to extirpate
all
forms.
itself,
which
If the evil
it
is
is
the
be acci-
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
203
two
rationalistic
its
faith,
the
Catholicism
same
the
evil
affirmations.
Between
no more than
is
Socialists
this difference
the part of
God
cutes
human
works, that
things divine.
God
Socialism, with
is
its
two
man
affirmations, does
undertakes and
What
human
reason
gain
Socialism, except to
Our
does
at once mysterious
and absurd
.''
would not
companions
in arms.
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
204
by
Fourrier,
tions,
and when
presents one
on
all
his
still,
any
how
per-
sort.
fect order
may
be
in society,
and weariness.
exile bitterness
never so perfect as to
is
it
Pay
attention
now
to the fol-
man
The
is
not
once,
malice
.''
"
("
Systfeme
des
premeditation of his
Contradictions," chap,
viii.)
taken from the same work and from the same chapter:
"
The
logic of Socialism
good, they
him
tell
us,
but
he
may
it
may
it is
and
if
he
is
man
is
necessary to disinterest
is
abstain from
it
man
is
reduce
truly marvellous
is
it
to practice
him
to evil,
he
for if the
will
he
do the
will
not
AND
LIBERALISM,
execute
it.
SOCIALISM.
205
it was its
him by means of his passions.
What an excellent nature was that of Nero, and how
obligation to conduct
gifts
What an artistic
was that of Heliogabalus, who organised prostitution
And as regards Tiberius, what a powerful and
grand character his was
And, on the contrary, where
shall we find words sufficient to blame the society which
soul
what we
yoke of matrimony
herself to
It
Hymen.
lovers,
And
gave
this is
Sappho,
full
of wrinkles
And
they
woman
call that
holy
is
The sarcasm
is
brutal,
in
of delirious debauch.
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
2o6
over the
the vile
spirit
it
M. Proudhon's theory
same pro-
M. Proudhon
factorily lays
down
work we have
"The
compendiously but
his doctrine in
Chapter
viii.
education
of
liberty,
the
satis-
of the
words
subjection
of
our
signifies, as
This education
will last as
is
to
long as our
life,
be perpetually occupied
in
endeavouring to create
is
something of the
something which
is
individuality
of
the
and
Proud-
LIBERALISM,
What
there
AND
SOCIALISM.
207
is
in
man
from
man and
sin,
not in society,
evil
and
in
is
finally, there is
acknowledgment of the
What
there
is
man
mation that
is
What
the redeemer.
is
in the affir-
constitutes the
theory,
istic
society,
viz.,
that
man
in this
theory
is
in
conformity with
on the
renders
which,
different
it
which
in virtue of
it is
sively Proudhonian.
The
man
that
made.
is
Under
this supposition
we
As God
it.
clear
by whom we
it is
either
man
or an angel
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
2o8
angels,
who
is
Where they
together.
serves
them
made
either well
theory
or badly made.
own redeemer,
is
tion
between
his
his nature
and
way
as to
in the fact
for
man
which
has been
first case,
the
in
If
is
a manifest contradic-
man
is
his attribute
there
In the
and
and
is
and basis
to the ground
falls
weak
are all
as foundation
may
be,
is
badly made,
man,
for if
made
in
such
is
amending
all his
of redeeming himself
.''
Well now,
if in
it
in a
word,
own redeemer, no matter what his imperfections may be besides, man is a most perfect being, to
say of him at one and the same time, that he has been
badly made, and that he is his own redeemer, is to
being his
affirm
what
because
perfect,
is
what
is
affirmed,
is
to affirm that
come
to
for to this
his
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
209
of time.
here,
his
is
some of these
to grant all
redeemer
things,
for if
in posse, before
when
being
constituted
theory
The
is
is
him most
perfect.
conclusion of
all
is,
that there
evil,
and the
origin of the
no good whatever,
effects.
come from God, and that all that proceeds from God is good it tells us how the evil commenced with the first error of the angelic and the
human
which from being obedient and subbecame rebellious and prevaricating, and how,
what degree, those two great prevarications
liberty,
missive,
and to
change
all
good
is
de se eternal, because
because
is
that the
it
is
an accident
not subject to
falls
is
whence
it
it
a transitory thing
follows the
good
It
Reserving for a
its origin,
we have
limited
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
2IO
converts the
God
elements of
we explained
the
evil,
by the
hence
in
what way the evil springs from the good, by the fault
of man, without the human action or the divine reaction
implying rivalry of any sort, between beings which are
separated
As
by an
infinite distance.
profound ignorance of
As
questions.
is
antitheological,
them
it is
which
civilization,
proper
learned
office
is
ignorance
its
in quality of laical
essentially antitheological
it is
demonstrate their
among the
proverbial
school,
all
and
in quality of
is
Its
by combining
tradict
them
this
than
would appear
evil,
believes,
at first sight.
is
is
imagined,
is
it
its
all
that can be
doctors,
though
it
manner of
solving,
it.
In the
first
LIBERALISM,
place, they prescind
in itself, to the evil
AND
SOCIALISM.
far
excellence, to
one who
is
ignorant of what
in
it
evil
occupy themselves
if it
evil
is,
were possible
to
know what
cover
211
they
evil,
dis-
tells
us,
fourirf;
its
it
has introduced
intellectual
regions.
human
societies,
and
mon
sense of nations.
may
tions,
we
school,
nor catas-
feared,
is
manner
in
schools,
by merely con-
which
is
of resistance to them.
theological, they
fundity,
the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
212
tions,
their
appearance,
is
weakness,
radical
immediately discovered.
The
Socialistic
gical
and on the
hypotheses.
and
other, of unsustainable
false
all
impregnated with
in the
mouth
of Caesar
proving
themselves
innocent.
There
is
nothing
less Catholic,
with
will
all
their magnificence.
latter the
garments,
Catholicism, for
its
part,
that shameful
Catholicism
is
a position
to
show, that
it
spoils.
along
AND
LIBERALISM,
problems
social
solutions
to take
that
SOCIALISM.
213
its
other doctrines
that there
is
no other
evil
which
evil
God
man
that the
God
that the
man
that humanity
what
is
brothers, equal
how they
its
measure of
words; that
liberty, equality,
it
all
men
and nothing
manner they
;
that its
its ideas,
and
fraternity, or to
those
names
and
are so,
its
ideas to sustain
Catholic
deny at once
that the
is,
necessary to proclaim
is
and
to
it
true
true
to the
says
it
said
it
made
explains
it
alone
when it has
and free,
that
else;
alone
nor other
points out
it
them
and
it
it
dogma
that
all
of
alone
it
way does
and
Catholics.
alists
and being
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
214
can be saved or
What man
lost.
^c.
cannot do,
What man
cannot do,
is
affirmations
it
is
all,
humanly
Catholicism,
Socialists
is
to change
immutable.
to find repose
of denying anything.
is
is
the union of
considered,
all
possible
and various
rationalistic negations,
The
Socialists
do not
and a danger
who
in every negation.
Catholic school
affirms,
it
How
call
and
equality,
and
fraternity,
new
political, social;
to us about liberty,
He who
He would
word in you
He condemns you to be only stupid commentators of
His immortal Gospel, by the very fact of your aspiring
with wanton and mad ambition, to promulgate a new
law from a new Sinai, if not from a New Calvary.
which
is
said
BOOK
III.
ORDER
IN
HUMANITY.
CHAPTER
I.
With
first
plained that great disorder and that formidable confusion which things suffered soon after their creation,
is
in
God, of
will.
explain,
tive
is
evil,
What
that sin
To
all
things,
and
particularly in
man.
subsistence,
it is
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
we
sin.
The dogma
consequences,
of the transrhission of
is
all
sin,
fearful,
with
all its
most incom-
That sentence of
Adam
against
all
first
sight
is
on considering
a
it
lightly
and
whose
idols
The
demand vengeance.
living
God
of the'
in
now with
human
his
Why
belly.
turning to God,
if
nations
say,
it
will
not be a
difficult
task to demonstrate
we should observe
Before
who deny
LIBERALISM,
AND
faith,
matter,
we
ways.
ever
come
219
SOCIALISM.
to the
sin
and
after
making
this concession,
dogma
In
fact,
it,
is still
will yet
what the
it,
untouched.
always
shall
mits
teaches
we
we
who com-
this subject,
when
this occurs,
all
by generation
his constitutional
great explosion of
When
conditions.
organic,
it
in the
produces in him
it is
by way
he
suiTers.
sidered in
That
its
constitutional
physical aspect,
and organic
is
evil,
con-
reduced to a real
Adam, being
prevarications,
so, it is clear
the greatest of
all
pos-
a radical manner
he should transmit to
us,
and
this
with his
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
22a
commit
It
those
it
actually.
follows from
who deny
what we have
the
dogma
effect nothing, if
Nor
there
is
more progress made by those who, denysin, deny the dogma of impu-
name
which we
the
with
of misfortune.
suffer,
who
inflicts
It will still
it.
always
result, that in
every
those
who do
them
effects.
According to
was a
penalty on our
Their
first
voluntary disobedience deserved the penalty of the corruption which was imposed on them
Judge.
is in
by an
incorruptible
us a misfortune, as
AND
LIBERALISM,
it is
SOCIALISM.
221
that misfortune
is
lamentable,
so
that
God
And
himself
tentous miracle.
The
itself
The
sin,
explains
first
man came on
able privileges
his flesh
was subject
which received
If
our
first
its
light
from
nature.
To
by way
by changing
it
it
has not.
first
Having
fallen into
God, with
whom
As
all their
power
into weakness.
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
222
will,
and
and
is
it
in
such magnificence.
In
by
God from
sepa-
To have him
infirm,
law
which
in virtue of
in virtue of
it
like
engenders
like, into
another
It is easily seen,
by a
different route.
is
it
sterility of
the
we
is
to
between the
fact.
human
It is
then
we
discover the
This fecun-
the
dogma
my
duty
is
to
is
in the natural
explanation of
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
incomplete in
Natural reason
what
calls
The dogma
penalty,
and misfortune
inevitable
it is
is
and
false
it.
fortune.
it is
233
by
calls it
it is
transmitted to us mis-
is
three
names
a penalty, inasmuch as
God
is
it
inasmuch as
fault,
The marvel
such a way that it
in its
fault,
volun-
it is
a misfortune, inasmuch as
it
in its
is
con-
is
such a
way
that
a true
fault,
in
fault.
other designs,
also a remedy,
is
it
such a
if
way
that
it
and
in its being
also a blessed
is
sovereign
by which He reconciles what appears irreconcilable, and by means of which He resolves into a
virtue
magnificent synthesis
all
antinomies,
and
all
contra-
dictions.
As
sists in
when
To
this difficult
do not
solve
sin
it is
it,
How can
can
I sin
be a
when an
sinner,
infant?
problem
How
same
time, an individual
in
one
and as
and a
it is
to
returning in
which
it
its
in
it
is,
necessity of
which was
which
Adam,
left
it
Adam by
generation
to
SSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
224
way he was
the same
individual.
in the
When
the
individual and the species were one and the same thing,
Adam was that very thing; when the individual and
the species were separated to constitute unity and
Adam
variety,
Adam
species
and as the
Adam
separation,
and as
individual
nature and
now,
if
sin
the individual
Adam
Well
sinners.
Adam
As
the
the collective
same
because
thing,
it is
Adam
human
nature
is
perpetually culpable,
sinful.
human
Adam, who
that
is
in question,
we
and
Adam's lasting
comprehend how sin can
tutes
When
child,
sin.
perpetually
it
am
because
am a
am Adam
born, I
I
sinner, in spite of
I
am
being a
sin
called
LIBERALISM,
God
SOCIALISM.
was
in him,
come from
the
womb
the hands of
when
AND
and he
of
me
in
is
my
225
such a
in
way
There
something
is
in
am
me
in
am
Adam
in
which
an
is
distinguished
my
not
cannot
him
as to be confounded with
absolute manner.
not
and yet
now,
Not
mother.
individual
unity,
;
and have from the father who engendered me, and from
the mother who had me in her womb. They have not
given me the human nature, which comes to me from
God, through Adam, but they have put the family seal
and stamped their figure on it they have not given me
;
my
less to
manner
is,
others, to that
which assimilates
particular to the
common, the
me
others
to
individual to the
the
human
Adam, what
constitutes his
father,
and from
essence,
what constitutes
own
With
his
itself
is
is
no man who,
Adam
than
father.
it
is
is
solved of
SSSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
226
is
am
certain that I
is
matters what
is
just
misfortune which
and as
culpable;
necessary,
is
should be punished,
necessarily a penalty.
is
fortune,
in the
human, are
Man
gives the
and penalty
the
these
I suffer,
fortune,
name
in
it
which a
evil
free
and as
by the
to
You
how
see
is
Him
penalty a misfortune.
already said,
we
see
how
great
is
same
analogies,
Adam
and
affinities
established
their- children,
wonder
by God between
his miserable
affinities
and
descendants.
reason
reach,
nor
the
No
rebel
intellect
imagination
dream
of,
of the
link
LIBERALISM,
men and
and
who
in us all
awful sphinx,
who
fathom with
with his
22j
who
dies
figure
and
species,
and symbolical,
real
is
essence,
is
and
plural, individual
survives,
who
SOCIALISM.
and
singular
AND
in him, and
all
presents a
And
as
new
man
diffi-
cannot
intellect,
what there
singularly
is
complex and
and the
man
sin of that
Adam
its
him
like
between our
its
His
sin,
pro-
After
end of time.
to the
exists
incomparable greatness.
sin like
all
will
participating
because
posse
it
was a
with
stain again,
cence.
sins
We
it
Adam
left
who
sin
and
all
a stain on what no
on top of
Adam
sins in
man
can
sins,
beauty of
mony
relation,
which there
the
is
no doubt but
that'
what
is
is
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
228
tempered
in
concerted in them.
reason
why
harmonious and
Old age
with years.
is
what
behold,
to
is
sits
repugnant
in
badly on
it,
when
more sad
is
is
to
Women
preserve
Who
ing,
first
No
for
beauty
and
is
something
in
God
me
me which keeps screamwas the wretch that dared to unite for the
there
has not
;
Lucifer
is
Adam among
decrepid and
foul,
.''
men,
with
all
who
that
united
beautiful.
CHAPTER
II.
How God draws good from sin and penalty, and from
the
Reason, which
and the
sin
transmitted to us, accepts, though not without repugnance, all that was transmitted, if it drops its own proper
name, and takes that of inevitable misfortune. And yet
LIBERALISM,
it
were not
difficult to
AND
SOCIALISM.
229
this
except on condition of
we have
being a penalty
its
and hence
definitive
its
matic solution.
Considering our present corruption as merely the
physical and necessary effect of primitive corruption,
if
effect lasts as
there be no
fact,
stitutes us in
is
is
clear
Primitive corruption
effect.
it
cause, neither
being an accomplished
a perpetual misfortune.
is
If
ruptible,
between the
if
man
And do
then,
is
an invincible
is
re-
In this system,
absolute contradiction.
man
demption
future
all
human corruption is
God is eternally incorincorruptibility of God and the
totally impossible.
an
follows
it
union between
indelible
pugnance
all
for
human
misfortune,
except
sin.
is
precisely the
There
redemption.
is
inasmuch as
Suppress the
no
sin,
re-
it
is
and
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
230
is
no remedy
The
In
from God,
and
if
of
free will
system.
fact, if
if
he
lives in
earth
man
is
"i
sin
with them
for if
man
be no transmission of
If there
in necessary separation
he dies
dogma
if
not
free,
united to
any way.
Man
separate from
another
himself,
God
in
if
man
and
absolutely.
in
does not
liberty,
Him
Him
not united to
it is
he have not
he separates from
be not
if it
Him
God
in
does
not reach him with His goodness, nor with His justice, nor
AH
things in chaos.
to
So
be the Catholic
chaos
God
in all things,
is
is
concerned.
far as
and
He
all
ceases
God is up on high,
and neither God troubles Him;
The
dogmas
shines
more
forth in nothing
all.
AND
LIBERALISM,
And
SOCIALISM.
i^^i
number
of
of
aspects.
its
all
human
fortune of the
the penalty.
penalty
If its misfortune
also,
if
little
Adam
that
it
preserved,
state,
which
gleams
followed immediately on
from intervening
in the
His condemnation
Him,
He had
quil repose
if,
sin.
first
it
is,
condemnation which
that solemn
in
and
remains
from
is
it
is
If
God had
abstained
a word,
if,
instead of
condemning him.
infallible.
necessary that
God
Himself to him
in
merciful bond.
and His
creature,
ously united in
because
it is
it
a penalty.
ESSA yS ON CA THOLICISM,
233
If
penalty,
evil
from
by the
which
its origin,
is sin,
yet
it
The
purification of sinners.
is
a great good,
universality of sin
which
in its
human
may be purified in its mysterious waters. This explains why all men born suffer from their birth to their
race
Pain
death.
this
is
obscure valley,
filled
Every
man
is
strange to him.
grieves to see
it
If
if
vanished
How
in
life
if
on the
is
full
is
is
he
future,
he
feels perturbation,
of shadows
and mysteries.
the past
past,
all,
is
The poor
and
all is
nothing
lazy with weariness, the lowly with envy, and the mighty
with disdain.
its
Lust
impure flames
;;
AND
LIBERALISM,
ambition takes the youth,
lust,
avarice seizes
absence of
233
the hands of
in other flames,
other conflagrations
jects
SOCIALISM.
him when
into
lust re-
sleep.
and you
what
stated here
is
a pain which
And
increasing lamentation.
cepted,
the measure of
is
no greatness without
all
when
pain,
Those
whom
accepted
The
of the flesh.
sword.
its
all pains,
is
sacrifice,
by
those of the
spirit
who
as well as those
who, when
solicited
when burned by
were chaste
assailed
by
by
lust, holily
who,
filthy thoughts,
battle,
were
who
an
effort,
who
the stars
who changed
them
to
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
234
bill
of
effort
to spiritual joy
them
in perfect
holocaust.
The human
man
Hence we
and among
find that
all nations,
CEdipus
tunes.
than
is
name
forgotten his
him from
if
glory
his throne.
in the
in the spring-time of
life,
and from
when he
man when
Marius,
elevated
by
no more
mud
Mithridates
Man, without
side of the con-
victory.
Socrates
is
hemlock.
Rome
owes
life
he lived
known how
he
The human
if
grand by the
less
with
is
falls
of the marshes.
quered
who
victory, is sublime
to
less to
live,
LIBERALISM,
men
AND
SOCIALISM.
235
died
in
Waterloo
he
proscribed
l)een placed in a
tomb
the beginning of
all
him from
in
the world
a thing
is
fabricated for
time
wide enough
for the
ocean to flow
it.
who
suffer,
which
is
to establish
it
between
all
all
those
men,
for
equilibrium in
man
man
the proud
man some
Pain
sions.
is
man some
At
us, it gives us
it
what ennobles us
man some
of his impurity.
fires
of the pas-
the hard-hearted do
The
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
236
and comes
out with the gift of tears another heart-hardened, and
In pain there is a something
comes out merciful.
fortifying, manly, and profound, which is the origin of
no one has felt its
all heroism and of all greatness
giver; another without ever having wept,
;
On
at once
commences
nuous progress.
From
heroism
is
converted into
weakness
he even forgets
yielding,
all
His
about
effort
of
from the
In
and
all
In delight there
strength.
is
Woe
to
body
it
silent
When
its
through
it
aroma of its
Woe
invites
it
falls,
him
over-
communi-
fragrance
this
comes out
though
their
totally transformed
AND
LIBERALISM,
grey
hairs,
perishes.
and
lect,
and extravagantly
grade, he will
if
fall
in
into
opium
sins,
Rome
title
will
be shocked
and
All those
prostitution
in her
temples and on
is,
pleasure, as there
Let
pain.
nameless
if
and death
altars,
There
effeminate.
her
feels
with the
stitution
he
of delights,
whom
Cynically
things.
rulers.
monsters
cruel,
leaves there
voluptuous
Man
237
to see
will,
egotistical
cutioner
SOCIALISM.
it
in
in
things,
certain
way
united
for as
it
in
which
fortifies
also
he who resigns
Whithersoever
like
a mute
man
and
we
are
all
melancholy
statue,
Pain
subject
is
by
that
sin.
discovers pain
which he has
SSA ys ON CA THOLICISM,
238
approach
whether we
it,
to the circumference
The
God
to the
God
difference
is
from or gravitate to
whom we
to
pain which
this,
that
is
By
the children of
is
How
medicine.
is
medicine, to
is
God
sacrifice
fall
which
in all
discordance of
from
sin,
all
kinds of
From human
sorts of discordance
is
sin
and
the
how
evil,
harmony from
liberty
all
comes the
degradation of the
is
marvellous
pain
the
madness of
species,
God
we approach
pleasure
penalty,
penalty
it,
rush at
fly
to rush
whom we
and
We
circle.
to rush
is
common
it is
inevitable
as grace
is
As
far as
as far as a penalty,
in the
way
it is
it is
redemption, grace
a misfor-
redeemable
is
also in the
penalty.
In this
justice of
Through
it
to himself,
tion,
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
239
Every
it
necessarily,
some of the
and
at once,
essential attributes
human
liberty.
way, and
for the
The
posed.
we
it
By
of our being.
flesh,
it
is
will is
intellect;
pressed,
by the
by
and
the will
itself to
by
it
the
it
it
is
sup-
fulfilment of duty
man
itself to
whom
he was separated by
to
Him by
This
is
make
it
to the intellect,
operate in
God and
for
and to the
God, united
will
can
rise to
ESSA YS ON CATHOLICISM,
240
an
effort
so
concerns us
What
here
harmony
CHAPTER
Dogma
of solidarity
in
man,
III.
Contradictions
of
the Liberal
school.
Every one
in
of the Catholic
marvels.
The human
dogmas
is
a marvel, prolific
from one to
intellect passes
from a principle to
its
it
discovers.
The
Catholic
universal
facts,
dogmas explain by
and these very
explained by what
various
is
what
is
container
by
the contained.
is
facts,
In this
one,
in
their
turn,
way what
and what
is
is
one by
LIBERALISM,
lous concert of
all
AND
SOCIALISM.
241
The dogma
human
of
by
attested
all
dogma
and
same
this
traditions, serves as a
The
the dogma.
to explain the
liberty serves
primitive prevarication,
Adam a
prevarication of
prevarication,
demonstration of
harmony
of things
divine
prevarication of
is
The dogma
Adam.
us there
is
no
evil
is
tells
itself into
The dogma
proclaims
is
no
evil
no substance which
dogma
is
not
relatively perfect.
God draws
The
good from
and perfect order from absolute disorder,
and we have seen how all things tend to God, though
in different ways, and by their union with God constitute the universal and supreme order.
affirms
universal
that
universal
evil,
human
order, the
among
dogmas
with the
facts,
and of the
Adam
of the
its effects
and the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
242
antithetical, contradictory,
we
all
first
to the
human
dogma
dogma
of a corruption trans-
the
lastly, to
dogma
of primitive
human
liberty given to
dogma
of
and concert
liberty, becomes the point of condogmas which serve to explain the order
in
creatures were
If we follow
us
by
their
which astonish
their grandeur,
From
nature in
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
243
individual
of
the species
that
substantially
is,
same
time.
dogma
the
and
an
it
an
be-
various at the
correlative of
is
imputation of the
its
man
is
his own,
all
it
common
in
with
men.
That
responsibility in
darity, is
common, which
is
called soli-
tions of Catholic
By
dogma.
man, elevated
solidarity,
and extended
is
prolonged as long as
It consolidates,
as far as space.
relationship all
We
which
men have
dogma
a word which
in ancient societies,
human
and
but
nature,
now
signi-
in this
in grandeur, the
is
the reverse
we
shall
speak hereafter.
is
not solidarious
men who
it is
men, who
which absorbs
all
are
by nature
one,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
244
it
discovered humanity's
titles
of nobility
think that
in
my
all
action, take
body and a
what
I did,
and
voice,
acclaim
myself in
spirit at
hend or measure
Who
but
the level of
thing,
God
all
all
must say
when
myself that
for
I
I
con-
throw
my grandeur.
things
When man
does not
raise.
raise himself
homage
social
raise that
spheres he
God
without
unable to render
is
it
to authority
in
sacrificing
we have
between com-
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
245
by
all in their
establishing a certain
in
If
proper
he
level,
justice
if
It
all equilibrist
in history,
when
liberty, is still
associations were
first
was
cannot keep
a problem, as
formed.
Man
it
hand
to them.
is
change
God
in
manner of
necessarily a disequilibrium.
in their
at once respectful
and
SSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
2+6
deavouring to solve
beyond
truth
The law
of solidarity
human
is
so universal, that
it
mani-
is
fested in all
too,
place this
quite sufficient to
is
doubt.
all
associations
Through
his
and
by the
is in
succession of his
descendants, he enters
times
own
into
actions,
and through
communion with
his
future
he
is in
communion of
as a
rights
and
duties, of merits
the priesthood
as
he
falls
member
in quality of
And
man he
is
reached by
and
human
finally,
solidarity.
many
though an individual of a
He may
be a saint
and
And
LIBERALISM,
AND
a general
rule,
no way
all
of
effort
and leaving
born,
man
all nations,
knowledge of
law of
this
knew
where
totally ignorant of
As
broad foundations.
had
it
the
all
its
if
human
its
its
this
dogma
known only
race was
solidarity.
human
is
had
247
by an
solidarity
SOCIALISM.
soli-
make application
The
and domestic
associations.
by
blood,
other
physical,
explain
all
very
idea of solidarity,
mitted to
those to
that they
same
many
whom
in
it is
are in
is in itself
inasmuch as
common,
all
This
that
is
is
the
trans-
transmitted
and
communion among
to say of
themselves,
When
many
is
the
the idea of
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
248
among a
people,
aristocratic.
institutions
their
Hence
necessarily
are
whom
ancient peoples in
all
the
when
by its general, and we might
character, when applied to all men, were
constituted.
The more glorious races
applied to certain social
say democratic,
aristocratically
among
and
groups of a
race,
glorious
The
ancestors.
heroes,
Cities
antiquity, believed
sion.
Aristotle, with
tree.
and these
qualities,
qualities conjointly
command,
to
by hereditary
common
belief
transmis-
was another
by generation any
and consequently condemned to
of transmitting
quality or
legitimate
any right,
and per-
thus,
it is
all
peerage
lists.
among
it
the
ancients
was incomplete.
and domestic
solidarities,
was
The
not
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
limits,
249
human
because
soli-
embraces,
it
flagrations,
and
Under the
disasters.
pagan
rule of
soli-
darity, the
universal
by
families,
and
men
by
cities
The
cities.
and the other sound the note of war, and men and the
immortal gods come to blows. Within the walls of the
same
city there
is
over
first
own
its
individuals,
In the domestic
other associations.
is
into tyranny.
and of the
Above
the child
the
and the
father,
power
infamy
in
is
the
common
domestic society.
among
the ancients
of war
made on
is
Even
patriotism
the whole
human
race
by a
caste con-
on one
we
shall
^^^^KS-
2SO
ON
CATHOLICISM,
ravages whenever
it
wanders
its
The
denies
orders
human
it.
In the
ever
place,
political
sin,
dogma and
maxims which
by proclaiming
is
first
and
which
is
the
in the political
contradict the
solidarity
maxim
and
solidarity,
admits or denies
it
order,
and the
non-intervention and
of
its
that
correlative,
for
the affairs
of
his
These
neighbour.
maxims, which are one and the same, are nothing but
pagan egotism, without the
virility
of
its
hatred.
maxims
of this
have not
The
Liberal and
solidarity,
Rationalist school
inasmuch as
and
all
all
denies family
it
men
is
a denial of
by
hereditary transmission.
denies that
different
transmission,
ways
first,
identity of nations
But
latter,
acknowledges
it
it in two
by proclaiming the perpetual
and second, by proclaiming the
it
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
The
251
principle of
there
and
disasters, of talents
means
rations
and
it
is
this
community
is
On
and absurd
institution
virtue of transmission
a contradictory
is
by blood, which
is
is
the constitutive
denied.
its
Finally,
repugnant
it
it
by blood
The rule of
more legitimate than the
!
At
school
all
its
come
principles,
Socialists take
deny
all
its
The
consequences.
the negation of
religious orders.
human
Denying
it
and
they
men
advancing
further,
all
but,
it
the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
252
suppression of
useless
without
all
monarchy, which,
and embarrassing
much
effort,
not hereditary,
if
is
institution.
the suppression of
it
The
the Pharaohs to
people, according
and
and
family,
Nor does
after escaping
appear to them
less
it
Ac-
solidarity of a nation.
deny the
latter,
as contradictory of
all
The
all
peoples.
it
them
into
among
groups,
themselves,
as
this.
it is
Men
absurd to
no
perpetual inequahty
logically follows
dissolution
theories, in
is
follows
among men.
as the origin of
If this
be
so,
from the
Liberal
it,
principles
what
This
and
those principles
In vain will
AND
LIBERALISM,
body
tree,
SOCIALISM.
;
this idea
The
253
cannot take
family
is
the
it
Man, considered
in himself,
proprietorship of
To
proportion whatever.
it
will
be
manner
sufficient to
demonstrate
observe that
is
no
this thoroughly,
man
is
a transitory
away.
This being
earth should
fall
so, it is
sidered individually.
is
in
it
religious orders.
the reason of
its
The
earth,
which never
dies,
can
fall
therefore,
on the
by the Liberal
or,
and
from
its
principles.
That suppression
is
so identified
its
domination by
by the suppres-
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
254
and of entail, without adverting that by seizing on the one and suppressing the
others, it did little as far as its principles were consion of the religious orders,
cerned
as to
its interests,
The
too much.
in quality of proprietor,
Liberal school,
which
comprehended that as
it
did
anything but
is
it is
necessary
petually preserve
its
entail,
and the
that
it
equivalent to
earth,
entail,
perpetually.
The
ecclesiastical
and
with
in
it,
which, as regards
abolishment of
by Liberalism,
carries
now
spoliation.
ignorant of
Then
it
will
know what
it
is
living,
who
When
explicit
by
the dead,
who
ever
live.
equally recognised
by the Liberals
as well as
by the
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
25s
Socialists,
all
AND
communism proclaims
all land,
To be
it
is
convinced of
universal
is
although
it
is evi-
not so in our
this,
we have
name
matter
is
put thus,
it is
former
is
by nature
perpetual,
and the
latter
cannot be
From
all
peoples, logically
consequences
families
draws
I,
As from the
of
for
school, the
in their
bosom of humanity
tical solidarity.
necessarily
deny
peoples
If the nation
it all
all
is
not solidarious,
that which
is
it is
we must
not solidarious.
In
first,
it iii
that secret
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
256
and as a consequence of
communicating to
virtue of
its
its
and
descendants some
same way, it is
necessary to deny of a non-solidarious nation what is
denied of a non-solidarious family; whence it follows, that
own
reflex of its
with regard to
it
Arguing
glory.
we must
in the
it
it
What
future glory.
is
man
of that attachment to
by
identity of reason,
what
denied of the
is
man above
himself,
Whence we
for
sequences
The
solution of continuity in
ism,
which
is
and of
solution of domestic
exist nor
time and
and
political society,
patriot-
the dis-
which cannot
and communion of
glory,
The
much
so as appears at
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
The proof of
necessary.
by
pressed
world,
and
however,
Germans
frontiers.
is,
but absolutely-
to be in theory.
Italians,
it is
logical,
257
in
like
Madmen
they
is
know
is
without
is
may
Socialists.
Of
this is at
once a
true principle
her
logic.
and an
Even
if
God
universal
by the hand,
will
following chapter.
CHAPTER
IV.
Socialistic
contradictions.
in
done
nothing but
Socialistic
establish
consequences,
premises which
and the
Socialistic
end
in
schools,
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
258
Liberal premises.
differ
not in ideas,
is
midway, accepts
If this
be
so,
their
there
demonstrated in our
last
and
is
no doubt, as was
that hers
From
is
sufficiently
by
it
in its contests
in
is
and
not,
consistent, which,
however, sufficiently
deserve
its
one hand,
character
it
is
it
is
obliged to do more
and consistency
is
it
is
is
not
but also in an
relative,
on the
it
and con-
logical
for if it
be only so
in
There
is
no true
is
not one, as
is
is
it
is
in these
its
two con-
contradictory, because
wanting
is
doctrines
its
schools,
on the
other,
it
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
the consequences of
and
That
own
own
its
its
we saw
its
we
its
being
political society
negation of
all solidarity, it
dissolution of domestic
society.
will
be ruined because
but
am
it
ing too
In
little.
change
their
name
name should be
whole course of
not
one, in the
is
history.
much
its
is
what would be
fact,
ceivable
all
finally, its
the consequences of
its
degree,
and
all
in the
a logical consequence of
same
principles
consequences absurd.
it
principles,
259
called
is
con-
and
not
upholds French
and
solidarity,
and
glories of past
generations.
But
it is
and communion of
present, of present
disasters
and future
there are as
many
families
In this system
representative
names
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
26o
be a corresponding change
in the
That the absurd competes here with the grodeny but that the grotesque and
families.
be invincibly demonstrated.
cept the death
logical
it
has to
die,
il-
and absurd.
The
Socialistic,
demonstrated without
much
effort
it
ences of peoples.
differ-
Socialistic schools,
is no example in
and absurd as it is,
immediately recognise the highest, the most universal,
humanly speaking, the most inconceivable, of all soli-
equality,
and
men, either
darious.
fraternity, as the
The
it
to us,
is
an act of
dogma which
faith so super-
accustomed as
am
to believe
what
it,
do not compre-
hend, as a Catholic.
To
all
AND
LIBERALISM,
unequal
theiri all
that there
is
when
a
common mass of
men
glories
and misfortunes;
when
born,
humanity, when
for all
believe that
parts
all
all
am
referred to
referred to
is
when
centre,
and
men
to believe
believe
to.
my
is
see
know humanity
humanity
261
when we
to believe in liberty,
slavery established in
are brothers,
SOCIALISM.
me
to
constituted
me by
those
my own
who
me
tell
that
propose to me,
is
in its presence.
My astonishment
increases
when
political,
with
those
my
which
is
affirm
who
little
affirm
all in
human
common
solidarity
human
own, and
who
that those
same who a
common
with strangers
deny
religion,
all this I
deduce
Socialistic schools
illogical,
in legitimate
that
though
from
and
all,
fall
into the
same
error, accept-
absurd.
SSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
263
comes to
me
faith,
from those
who deny
the imprescriptable
is
not
and proclaim
empire and
faith
right of reason
me
this proposal
and because
to
sovereignty.
The
Socialistic schools
would be astounded,
if,
on
call-
categorical question
sion that
And
men
them a
of demanding from
:
licity,
obliged as
asked
it,
alistic
of
is
all
more
it
valid
still
certainly to
is
drawn from
history.
that which
and
lends
If history
schools.
certainly been
to
is
is
is
it
not
human
race,
war
is
Man
scarcely born
when he appears
to have
come
power of a malicious
first
external things.
is
the
first
first
declaration of
ray of
war by
is
concentrated
LIBERALISM,
AND
in a sob.
The
this point
who
greater
SOCIALISM.
263
way
of their
their efforts
earth
is
them
the
to
life it
is
their
and
exchange
for
its
life,
in
from
its
their
life,
live,
It
life
is
prolongs
may
life
may
of their
services.
fall
through force
it.
although
it is
alistic
cal
As
regards
possible
^whether
philosopher
and philosophical
human
what
equality,
is
we know
not,
affiliation
some
there be whose
SSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
264
command, and
office it is to
The
to
all
idea of frater-
whence
comes
it
Romans,
whom
in
foreigners
Who
>.
all
is
antiquity
is
condensed, called
human
solidarity
.'
from
which precedes
reason.
As
all historic
in
and
we
fact,
us, requires to
clearness.
cedes
it,
that
As
its
obscurity
may be
light
converted into
all historic
time,
be not revealed to
it is
clear
we cannot know
Supposing
us.
this,
known
human
but with a
thrown on
only
is
that, treating
age
primitive
that
to you, because
know
feel
it if it
myselt
If you
is
have
ignorant
contradicts
it,
of,
nor
liberalism;
it
and
socialism.
you have
it
from no one,
why do you
add, which
on him who
death on him
inflict
And
it ?
afifirm it
265
if
Shake-
they are
but words,
them.
listens to
This powerful virtue they have from the fact that they
are not rationalistic words, which in themselves have
and taking
life
it
away, of slaying
terror,
because
inflict
omnipotence.
were
falling
although
One
day,
life
or
all
eyes,
excited
overcome by
sleep,
the
perish.
few words, which the sea and winds heard with reverence
blow.
And
He
uttered
Et
Lord
less terrific
filled
The
came
to the
Go
and the
grace, the
devils,
obeying
ESSA ri ON CA THOLICISM,
266
full
Him
besought
"And
they
that kept
Him
besought
coasts" (Matt.
that
viii.
more
terrible to the
When
nounced,
spirits.
I
I
is
happened, for
am
must happen,
why
it is filled
it,
If
it
Ask
why the
why
all societies
who dreams
air is full of
he
To
is
is
and
fall
into
an abyss.
why one
madman enter
of,
the other
knowing too
AND
LIBERALISM,
candle.
What
SOCIALISM.
267
this is that
its
ultimate catastrophe,
if
they
Europe.
is
in
the
fact,
if not,
how they
all
The
its
founded on the
all
fundamentally heretical.
establish
and
legitimise
Sanculotism of the
historic
all
first
antecedents and
This con-
them-
the gospel.
of nobility in the
From
and
in Marat,
the revolution
extravagances formed,
all
the Socialistic
Men had
do
not -wish to say by this that the Catholic world had not
suffered great agonies, nor that ancient societies
had not
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
268
of depriving
reverse
suffices
it
of
life.
cade.
Who
my
We
readers.
made
that he
Lord
to
in the desert.
God, disfigured to
Eve
faithful report of
in paradise, the
In the
suit his
first
the
first
second to our
purpose
Before
have a
opportune to make an
it
in his
in the
second he
own way.
Would
it
true sense,
its
life, is
power of death
explained
God
of
is
is
If this
why modern
more or
when
were
so, it
would be
revolutions, in
sufficiently
tive virtue.
say that
it
is
I will
and with
all
it
human
solidarity
liberty, equality,
in
it
and
is
if,
fraternity, principles
and
AND
LIBERALISM,
their origin
of
tent^
it
if,
when
269
all Socialistic
the ground,
SOCIALISM.
dogma
know
itself.
human
of
sohdarity,
know
there
is
dogma and
that
it
that
the other
Humanity, which
identity of name.
in the
eyes of the
concretely
Catholics
whence
it
results, that
is
when
Notwithstanding
contradiction
evident,
is
this,
and
they say
in reality
and
although
solidarious,
Socialists
the Socialistic
doubt.
all
and through
it
the
be
solidarious
if it
of denying
human
same
obey
all
Hence the
solidarity, or of affirming
and
in
it
law,
solidarious.
in individuals, in families,
if
they should
in the State.
it
is
necessity
it
at once
Well, now,
that Socialism
is
is
to
and to
deny
To deny human
solidarity
is
to
itself in
another way.
deny
group
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
270
become subject to
the sway of reason.
all,
apostlate
Hence we
above
Socialistic
see
are
M.
new
gospel
who
and
the
rights,
domestic,
concentration
political,
civil,
make
State
the
in
social,
and
of
all
religious, rights,
licity,
depositary of the
dogma
makes
it
of solidarity, derives
possible
communism
and recognises
ciples
dogma,
it
in practice,
and affirms
it
when
it
it
is
denies
denies
in its applications.
it
it
all
government.
is
clear that
it
in
theory
it in its
prin-
If the negatior
that of
it
and necessary.
it
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
i-j\
M. Proudhon
when he says
"
:
" All
then, as well
by
is
then con-
men
Revolu-
nature as
its
destiny, antinomical,
result,
on
his
and
hand on me
I
to govern
proclaim him
my
me
is
whence
every one
draw the
who
puts
enemy."
if
but in
them
for foundation.
We
human
stop here
solidarity.
for at the
Nor does
same time
human,
which
already demonstrated
is
the same as to
the contradiction
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
272
me
speak to
you insist on
me
mother, respect
me
giving
to
I
my
We
shall be brothers if
be the eldest brother, and you come
on this condition : that society, our common
of fraternity
provided that
after
my
my
primogeniture and
double portion
you
tell
necessities proportionately to
me you
my
by
services
will attend
resources,
and
portionately to
Whence we
my
labour
solidarity
there
is
otherwise
is
cease to labour."
is
double, for
if,
human
contradiction in affirming
still
when the
is
Contradictions," in these
it,
of his
vi.
principle of liberty
Equality,
proclaimed.
liberty,
and
fraternity
are
and are
solidarities
To
accept
As
negation of
is
all
ment
there
is
is
no necessity to deny
in
it is
it
if
there
is
contradiction
a notorious inconsistency to
M.
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
273
that
is,
inclination
its
and abandon itself to its free will without fear of absolute and immediate error.
This superior reason which
is in
it,
it
through the
always puts
The
it
philo-
sopher
is
and
if
own
of establishing his
ideas, inefficient
and
risk
insufficient
What
and that
humanity as
in its centre
"
("
else
which resides
logic
in
Confessions of a Revo-
lutionist")
unity,
solidarity,
communism
supposes in the
affirms or
State ;
petence of individuals to govern nations, the very thing
Whence
it
follows that
by
different roads
and with
human
Government
societies.
infallible
that
is
it
affirm government,
is
for
to say, omnipotent
and being
S
so,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
274
excludes
all
when
Let
fallible
is
suppositions.
Whence
it
will
the condensation of
all
second of these
M. Proudhon,
and
is
He
ment.
is
timid,
it
is
is
he
he
calls
is
him-
govern-
the daring
He
is
appears
sceptical in sub-
He solemnly announces
that he
thirst for
dogmatical, and he
says,
he pro-
constitutes tyranny
self
what he
will
be well
apothegm
From
is
for
by
its
originality
our neighbours to
and ingenuity.
know
that this
Viriatus to our
own
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
275
As he
when he
only a
is
plagiarist, so
when only
apostle of
artifice
affirms in
consists
Every one
it.
calls
His
idea he
expressing the
in
it
calls
anarchy
consists
though not
sustain
who
fly,
ful flight,
it,
is
system what,
contradict
subscribed
in
sufficient to
in shameAnother of his
by
it
all
these
pages are
these
are
In some he makes a
show of the most filthy atheism, and when writing them
he intends them for Catholics and others, in fine, might
be accepted by the most fervent Catholic, and these he
The
destines for the ears of materialists and atheists.
hand
against
his
to
raise
pleasure
is
man's greatest
every one, and oblige every one to raise his hand against
directed to the friends of order.
SSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
276
of his secret
every one
who
follows
his
is
became Proudhonian,
enemy.
If
he, in opposition
and
if
not
which
first
tree
if
is
And
Proudhonian misfortune.
mendous
in the
know
away
distinguishes
the
is
his obscure
and
love,
there,
and darkened
something which
infernal spirits
although he
is
is
not
all
Declared enemy of
literary as well, as
without knowing
all
moral beauty, he
and morally,
literarily
it,
is
in
all
beautiful
the few
and chaste
and
to Catholic
magnificence.
majesty and
love,
pomp
rises to
idyls.
M. Proudhon
inconceivable.
he appears so
he
is
he
is
is
inexplicable and
Though
a personification.
harmony and
is
is,
con-
a consistency
he
is
the con-
LIBERALISM,
sistency of
dictory
all
exotic
the
principles,
AND
and
SOCIALISM.
of
ideas,
of
all
all
277
the contra-
the absurd
premises,
its
consequence, those
their
M. Proudhon, as M.
Proudhon necessarily involves them. For this reason,
the examination of the one and of the other gives the
same result. All the Proudhonian contradictions are in
three centuries necessarily contain
and those
author,
its
absolute identity
name
on that of time.
This explains
to never be,
He
is
condemned
why M. Proudhon
He
is
be,
what
is
condemned to always
because what can appear more original thar
names
takes here
appear
in the
an
condemned
original.
is
common
in
is
.''
is
all
the contradic-
.'
original
all
when he
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
278
contradictions
all
but
is
it
precisely here,
where
His equation
lies
we
new series
of antinomies.
is
communism, which
which
is
thesis,
is
the anti-
in non-hereditary property,
because
it
is
is
not
no synthesis,
which
When,
and
to formulate
to
is
which
antithesis,
if
is
which
is
authority,
is
human
liberty
is
deny
liberty
and
affirm
is
communistic omnipotence.
the reconciliation
M. Proudhon
i"
where
the
when he is content with being the personification of modern Rationalism, by nature absurd and contradictory and he is weak
only when he manifests his individual personality, when
synthesis
.'
is
strong only
he
is
If after
examining him
were
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
279
asked what is the dominant trait of his spiritual physiognomy, I would answer that it is the contempt of God
and men. Never did man sin so grievously against
struck,
is
sonorous echo.
another
who
it
not he
It is
is in
him,
When
that chord of
who
no,
it
is
who
has possession of him, and throws him into epileptic conit is another who is greater than he, and keeps
up a perpetual dialogue with him. What he says sometimes is so strange, and he says it in such a strange way,
that the mind hangs in suspense, and knows not if it be
vulsions
man
who
or a devil
ously or in
As
jest.
regards himself,
if
he could arrange
whichever he be,
it is
Man
or devil,
dam-
CHAPTER
V.
The
appears to
me
we have been
to be Robert
into
at
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
28o
which
dividual responsibility,
denies
on the dogma of
will, Robert
Owen
rests
sin,
So
sin.
far,
extravagances commence,
sin
and
and
evil,
is
these,
quence.
Man, according
to
of invincible convictions.
in
consequence
and as he
is
him
or of those circumstances,
it
him
and necessarily.
is
when human
logical
liberty is denied.
the
at-
The
idea of govern-
human
Deny
liberty.
affirm
same
all,
one,
thing,
know
LIBERALISM,
not
if
there be in
human
AND
SOCIALISM.
281
which
Owen
gives,
when, not
satisfied
after
he yet goes
liberty,
having
free,
cannot love,
me
from advancing as
wide
far as
might be desirable
Those that we
and more than sufficient, to
doubt the incontrovertible fact
sufficient,
beyond
establish
all
consider
it,
contradiction
we may
is
for us to place
all
in the
its
so palpable, that
it
in relief,
Their
contradictory schools.
it
be
will not
difficult
is
common
to them,
If
it
is
and of
nobility.
tionary and
Once
arrived
here,
all
the revolu-
to
Very
well, those
same
revolutionists
and
Socialists
they
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
282
in
When
theory.
the
triumphs,
it
that the
with
commenced
letters
to
Then
dogmas.
men,
it
was
them-
of naturalisation
know
which was
revolutionists, presenting
most famous
all its
it,
in their
in giving
My
noble family.
.'
gates of the capital open for him, in which the revolutionary demigod flashed in awful majesty
The human
we have
February,
When
the
other
with the
by formidable
title
tempt and
abysses
of republicans of the
ridicule
republicans of the
The
coast
all
is
comes
but proclaiming in
others,
some
what
tide republicanism
all
all
LIBERALISM,
its
and
schools, each
selves a family,
all
AND
SOCIALISM.
283
to the
most noble
descent.
Saint
is
In
there
all
common
patriotism, a
all
in
is
glory,
all
the
their eyes
wisdom
mad
blasphemy,
fix
Socialistic,
which
is,
type of
I will satisfactorily
is
demonstrate, as
still farther,
circle of history,
present,
it
origin
and to beings
its
it
is
my
to
in perfec-
man.
At
'
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
284.
schools
Socialistic
manner
are
condemned
it
tion of
all
their theories,
an irrevocable
in
of their principles
and
is
contra-
is
it,
what the
Socialistic
edifice
seen
dogmas,
it
may
and prevent
it
is
in
its
from
Having
contradictory
affirmed in
from
common by
all
it,
sin,
centre of the
carries with
tions,
some
it,
Catholic
by way
the negation
it
were, the
That negation
social, being.
To go
human,
purpose
more fundamental
The
of
affirmations.
is
as
contains.
is,
it
sin.
of these negations.
The
fact,
and the
deny
sin,
human
liberty follows,
which
without the
LIBERALISM,
power
human
in
AND
SOCIALISM.
nature of converting
its
285
innocence into
sin.
The negation
be denied.
it
man must
negation of
human government on
the other.
There-
fore,
common must be
What
denied.
is
human
affirm of
individually, and,
follows
on the
that once
individual,
other, of all
is
no
of each
collectively,
it
we must deny
species,
This
there
As we cannot
social, political, or
signifies
the
that
domestic responsibility.
common.
man,
and
iia
and
in
man, as the
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
286
what
is
and unity
is
so complete, that
darious, nor
Therefore,
what
is
as
soli-
of
unity,
the
that
society,
The
fact
nothing exists
is,
it
is
To
affirm
to be guilty
of a contradiction in terms.
be one, or cannot be at
for
political,
all;
;
therefore
their very
if
name
they are
is
absurd,
anything.
With regard
to the
man,
individual
The
his
negation
man is the
only one can exist to a certain degree, without being one
and solidarious what is denied by denying his unity
follows in a different way.
individual
it
than
real.
is
do not
live in
But
is
in this supposi-
more phenomenal
it is
past,
AND
LIBERALISM,
and because there
the past
if
is
not be future
afErm
exists
it
existence
if
is
united,
and
What
when
it
cannot conceive
it
about to
is
that
exist at
in its three
when
is
my
for in reality,
do not
is
will exist
am
practical
at all times, I
because the
it
do not exist
time.
is
it
when
if I
287
do not
SOCIALISM.
any
forms
separate them.
not
now ? What
And who
affirm
it is
it,
after
it
.'
time to
sufficient
is
nothing
thematical point.
in
ence of man.
Therefore
all
natural and
those
who
there
is
more
all
;
and there
logical, if we
separate from
God
examine
is
it
nothing more
well,
than that
Supposing
this, I
am
it
in a
different point of
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
288
view
to
certain forms, to
subsequently affirm
it
to
come to
deny the
on the other
it
to
deny man
in
and nothing
it would not
the most
in
me to demonstrate that
Present Socialism
more.
be
is
a semi-Catholicism,
work permitted,
for
difficult
advanced of
its
doctors, there
is
a greater
number
of
hands of the
we come
we
God
affirm a god,
If
of Catholics
to the humanity,
affirm,
and
all
of man, no matter
into the
if
how
of
affirmation
Catholicism
which
all
is
it
is
made,
Adam
the
every affirmation
is
finally resolved
man
of
Genesis.
through
Through
that
it
change
and with
its
M. Proudhon, who
is
is
so,
government as the
he goes about
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
place amongst
first
Socialists.
Greeks
289
The negation
of
all
government, far
of possible negations,
last
children
is
nothing but
down
that,
M. Proudhon
will
it.
have to pass,
;
He must
his
the
rest,
with
like
his negations,
all
me
him before
to accuse
Catholicism
is
combated by an
braces
all,
antithesis
which contains
which cannot
be,
will
it is
all,
so,
cannot be
all,
it,
things.
all
human
theses
all
and
and condenses
cible force of
all in itself,
an incommunicable
virtue.
as
it
were,
Those who
it,
because
it
the
themselves from
Catholics.
it,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
290
CHAPTER
Dogmas
As
Theories
Socialism
Bloody
sacrir-
about
of that of solidarity
correlative
of
Capital Punishment.
jices
VI.
is
may be said
of
its
In such a
way do
those which
determined which
divine
circle.
is
That
the
first
cannot be
it
virtue possessed
by
all,
of penetrat-
its
sort,
and
prodigious synthesis
Well,
way
expression,
is
totally impossible, as
all,
a person
LIBERALISM,
and
self,
AND
SOCIALISM.
291
if
Hence
afterwards.
else
it
being invincible,
is eternal
from the first day of
comes expanding in space and resounding in
time, with an immense force of expansion, and with an infinite power of resonance.
The sovereign virtue has
sion,
creation
it
and space
roll,
is
world below
is
passing
men with
Everything
in this
their sciences,
which
its
The dogma
all
with
itself.
is
it
in
and that of unity, are one and the same in essence, and
two in their manifestations.
The solidarity, and the unity, of all men amongst
themselves, carry with them the idea of a responsibility
in
common, and
this responsibility
supposes in
its
turn,
dogma
When
it is
is
communicated,
preserves
its
generic
reversible to us.
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
292
And we
they
considered
dogma
is
in
By
their application.
we
all
The
of one dogma.
in
virtue
of
the
Adam's penalty,
the Lord suffered for
suffer
same dogmas
of imputation
The same
is
substantially ques-
principle in virtue
the Lord,
is
of
identical with
sin, is in its
turn explained
by
that
of
As by this dogma,
Adam, is revealed
has not
permitted that
amongst the
nations.
it
should
fall
man, God
into
oblivion
why
all
it,
all,
and that
all
LIBERALISM,
and from
penalty,
AND
by the
sin transmitted,
God condemned
SOCIALISM.
human
the
For the
race,
293
offering of
Adam
sin of
and saved
it
through
times
He
even
chastises,
of culpable ancestors
at other
which
things,
human
them with a
lasting faith.
firm
and
race,
CEdipus
sins,
and
Thebes.
CEdipus
is
On
are- reversible
to Thebes.
when
proclaim by His
God
himself
all
first
itself,
to
these dogmas.
He
desired that
dogmas
that
God
lips
!
to be here condensed.
On
the
"
It
and
^-^^^KS-
294
ON CATHOLICISM,
dogma by making Himand the dogma of reversi-
bility
with
man
in
dogma
of satis-
redeemed
tue of the
who
dogma
of solidarity,
was accepted
in virtue of
that of reversibility.
by a God, and
fulfilled, after
by a
being pro-
fulfilled,
symbolised
a person.
in
The
institution in
though
and were
fulfilled in
son in
is
it
an attribute
common
to the institu-
which those dogmas are symbolised, to the Perwhom they were fulfilled, and to the dogmas
and
fulfilled in
conceive
universal.
that person.
other dogmas,
Imagination
Person,
or
itself
cannot
institution
all
the
more
by
laws
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
295
and that
commemorative of what those
dogmas contain of universal, on the other, symbolical of
that one Person in whom universality par excellence
institution
is,
on one
exists, whilst
on another
reaches to the
side,
side,
considered in
itself,
it
and extends
to
fice,
inasmuch as
it
And what
and mysterious
is,
that he
is
here singular
ex-
in
whilst he
How does
in
it
in
manner
one way
it
removes, and
it
it ceased
How
is
.'
who
it
purifying virtue.
just,
All the
men
fratricide
condemnatory and
its
that
cities
not opposed because the one sheds blood and the other
it is
296
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
in the other
by vengeance
man, and
in the other to
one
in the
God,
offered to
it is
in
acceptable holocaust.
The human
race, in
was never
traditions
totally
biblical
has ever
extinguished,
and
in
and when
another maddens.
is
given by history,
that
it
shed
in
full
is
one way
it
purifies,
brothers
cities,
smoking
of
against the
atro-
altars,
being like a lake which neither the winds cool nor the
God on
all
legislation
who
takes
by
They
are no lesp
of
life,
all
peoples, which
by the
excommunicates him
his
own.
mouth
of the war of
Troy
"
Helen
is
not culpable
of crimes."
of the
it.
is
myste-
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
297
it is
this
and as these
saicrifices
it is
we speak
have been
beyond
all
doubt
of are anterior to
have
varication of Adam.
and
their beginning.
in the flesh of
As the flesh
of
species,
it
was
the crime,
it
should
fall
on
the crime
itself.
sitary for
and of
its
till
the Substitute
who was
to
of
in itself, in a
wonderful manner,
all
the Catholic
dogmas
was an act of
devotion and adoration towards the omnipotent and
sovereign God as far as it was a bloody sacrifice, it was
as far as
it
was a
sacrifice in general,
it
dogmas of
the prevarication of
298
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
Adam, and
of
who
of solidarity, without
inherited sin.
to God, an
He
care
At
would
which Abel
has of
all
human
it
acknowledgment of His
justice,
and of the
Considering
things.
reversibility,
of
Adam
with
was
at
gave of
and of the
for the sin
of the substitution,
come should be
by
virtue of
race.
culprit,
it
it
He
have
not
were
whole human
first
meek and
spotless
Lamb,
of condensation,
in
the
What
first
virtue
is
bloody
is
this
things
God by man.
by the Catholic religion,
and become condensed with
sacrifice
offered
to
that possessed
an
la
all
infinite dilation
and condensation
.'
What wonders
a symbol
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
299
all
we
could desire
or fancy.
memory and
intellect of
God
men.
in
His
infinite
the biblical
all
lost their
Then
and confused.
mittent,
it
it
was necessary
man
to
himself.
it
became
to
ofifer
The
real
God
sacrifice
;
and as
the
dogmas
darity;
of original
and on the
stitution,
sin,
of
transmission and of
its
other, of reversibility
soli-
and of sub-
substitution or substitute.
When
from
all
and conducted
it
it
might by
to the altar
its
crowned
divine wrath and satisfy for the debt of the people, they
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
30O
were
in
They were
things.
justice should
some
be appeased
that
could not be
it
so,
be innocent.
because
all
They were
right
in
these things,
all
They
dogmas.
man
erred exclusively
just,
This one
If there were
would of itself have been sufficient to
impede the coming of all true civilisation. Barbarism
ferocious and sanguinary barbarism
is the legitimate
no
others,
it
The
error I
am
and
is,
human
sin
par
sin,
man
the blood of
which
excellence ;
is
the sin of
but
sins.
it
can
Whence
follow,
of
its
of the
shed
it is
is
in
human
no remission (Heb.
its
expiatory virtue
when
22).
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
301
On
its
suppression in
and bloody
battle of
it
The very
foreign intervention.
its
suppres-
its
sion,
proclaimed in Frankfort in
before
by the
in
troubled history.
On
Government of the
French Republic, followed those tremendous days of
suppression
its
Provisional
memory
the
by
of men.
others in fearful
live,
with
God and
of that sinful
city.
No one
tell
how far
the
belied
until
me
reflec-
if
ravages reach
if
how
far
would
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
302
common crimes ?
to me,
it is,
Well, now,
and
distant,
if
also think
it
human
penalties.
To
compose
and retain
it,
in
it
me
sistency,
of
human
events.
On
a monstrous incon-
resist
crimes
for
all
when a penalty
less
may be
is
applied to the
crimes
is
this negation
matters,
it is
the ground
on the
fallibility
system of penalty
fallibility in all
and
death in political
with
it
fallibility in
falls to
supposes
the one
fallibility is
matter of penalty
fact, it follows
that
all
of crime
LIBERALISM,
accuse him of
the one,
AND
SOCIALISM.
303
law.
The negation
of governments,
To deny
of
God and
is
human
law, to affirm
deny God and affirm any government whatever, is to affirm what is denied and to deny
what is affirmed is to fall into a palpable and evident
crime and deny
sin,
to
contradiction.
Then
human
The Atheism
the end
is
or what
in
man
in his state of
only in the
name
of
in their penalties, as if
The
they
felt their
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
304
and
their rule in
secu-
He who
their parents.
is
call
crime misfortune.
government
The
The day
theories
will
Modern Rationalists
come when the
shall
on penalty held
in absolute
monarchies
in their
is
it
deserves,
when
it is
evan-
gelised
it
is
The
evil is
not in the
on the moment
would be believed by
all,
blood
would flow even from the hard rocks, and earth would be
transformed into hell. In this obscure and lowly valley
man
little
he has.
AND
LIBERALISM,
CHAPTER
Recapitulation
Inefficacy
SOCIALISM.
305
VII.
Up
we have
to this
man and
which constitutes
their imperfection
justified,
and
their danger,
We
liberty, evil
on, after
proposed to ourselves
to
we
demonstrate, and
did
and to man, gifted with the tremendous power of drawing evil from good, and of corrupting
all things,
the one
both with
sin,
evil,
disorder,
making
angelical
forming
evil
without suppressing
it,
so as to
make
it
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
3o6
serve
in
To
more sublime
perfections.
own way,
was
to manifest, each in
like sparks of
ficent glory.
universal end,
make
and
all
From
things,
universal
them
all
all
which pre-
creatures,
in
we passed
order of
human
things
wandering through
we saw
we saw how humanity was
evil
field,
this
in
As
Adam, and
sin,
wide
there
the sinful
considered in
itself,
derstand what
again,
end of
it
is
all
we
human
said before,
things.
In order to un-
and what we
shall repeat
things
is
man
is
rest.
Sin disordered
'
AND
LIBERALISM,
things,
SOCIALISM.
307
stitutes
his special
end
mining how
its
cause
evil
in
can be conquered in
its effects,
that
is
its effects
quences
and
in
its
conse-
God who
in its effects,
formation
is
most perfect
is
in
effect flows is
By imposing
is
and
the cause
by
its
nature invincible.
if
its
When
God made
its
voluntary ac-
man, aided by
change
its
nature, considered in
new and
purification.
but
it
acquired
Ever preserving
its
invincible identity,
it
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
3o8
dogmatic
truth.
The dogma
and of penalty,
explained.
human
and
all its
The aggregate
order,
movements
and constitutes
it
are sufficiently
laws constitutes
of those
such a
in
way
that
it
human
order,
we
by modern
Socialists,
side,
The
radical impotence of
human
to himself, to
how
impossible
mount on
his
it is
for
solutions
in their turn
man, abandoned
own wings
to those lofty
and serene heights where God has placed the secret laws
of
all things.
From
this
AND
LIBERALISM,
tent prolix,
it is
if
we consider
SOCIALISM.
309
evidently demonstrated
first,
is
is
an invincible demonstration
school denies
which
it
all
the Catholic
sistency,
all
and
third, that
it
is
not
possible to escape from the absurd, and from inconsistency, without accepting all Catholic affirmations with
In
fine,
which
order,
it
with nega-
after
we
all
borders on Nihilism.
sacrifices,
which
immedi-
There
takes
its
we saw
is,
on one hand,
first
and
stitution
sacrifice,
such as
tude of time.
oblivion
finally,
we were
When
amongst the
to see
it
the world
fell
forgot
into
the
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
310
human
sacrifices,
of the tradition,
it
had
With
this
man
inasmuch as
it
pro-
is
foundly mysterious.
to be his
its
great teaching
is
in attributing to
blood the
we came
connec-
to the examination of
made at
all
human
is in
With
race.
their answers
and
and on
this point, as
their solutions
on
all others,
appeared to us contradic-
we gave them
common
for
and
Having come
remains for
us, in
order to finish
it,
it
only
to approach with
AND SOCIALISM.
LIBERALISM,
311
holy
terror,
and mute and extatic reverence, the
mystery of mysteries, the sacrifice of sacrifices, the
dogma
of dogmas.
Up to this we have seen, on one
hand, the marvels of the divine order, on the other,
a higher point
still,
finally,
;
the pro-
now we have
to
mands
all
them
loving bond.
He
subject of
all
the end of
all
universal,
is
the solution of
the light of
all
and
problems, the
the key to
all
figures,
divine, the
all secrets,
all
Omega
of
all
things.
all
being harmoniously
God imposed on
of things
ficence
The
just proclaim
And
if this
be
so, is it
ESSA yS ON CA THOLICISM,
312
in
the union of
man
with
to
Him.
effort
and
carries
pain and
how am
my
I
cross
would
raise
me above
myself.
God, and
what
I feel
naturally love
.''
But
naturally
They
tell
me
careering through
remove
it
from me,
if
he do not entertain
am
for
me an infime with
round the
go
hope.
If all this
be
so,
it is
we have
AND
LIBERALISM,
New
secure finish.
tower of Babel as
by pride and
fabricated
quicksands,
built
on
it
must
be,
and moving
faithless
The human
313
will
it
SOCIALISM.
order, the
and
all
those
sad,
Though
connection, however,
that
can
it
not so perfect
human
the impulse of
resist
is
and taught
reason.
If
more than
is
of notorious impotence
love in an infinite
universe,
if
there
nothing
is
in
it
And
don't
tell
finitely merciful,
were hidden,
is
of
rules
itself
and
in
me
that
God
is infinitely
His
infinite
is
good and
supposed, and as
it
over
all.
Love
is
it
init
for love
exists,
it
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
31
naturally ordained to
He who
itself.
mad
and
be
things to
all
loves, if
love, to
not
It is
all.
must appear an
infinite,
infinite
madness.
There
a voice in
is
my
me and
and
heart,
my very
it is
my heart
itself,
within
is
is
self,
petually.
me,
Let no one
call
answer
hear
is
and
will
He
whither
follow
my
goes, nor to
me
to
his call.
Here
am,
the voice I
I shall
say at once,
He
is
taking
He
I
and
I
are heaven.
me;
for
He goeth,
and
Him
what part
love
if
and our
love,
He,
know
manner, and on
pose.
which
Who
I
am
this
will
withdraw
suffocated,
to ascend to higher
me
from
and give
this
me
narrow
circle in
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
CHAPTER
VIII.
We
said
315
human
the redemption
of
race.
be
properly constituted.
tive
as
the primi-
infinite
enough
it
was
and mercy.
human things,
of that
God
drew from
it,
lence existed,
not
all
His
however, was
This,
as long as
and
itself
as,
it
in
defied, as
it
par
excel-
hand the
above
rise
invincible
his miserable
out
sin,
might
and
rise freely
and meritoriously
when
To
blot
fallen
he
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
31
most
highest,
united
in that great
God
all
by the
and
incomprehensible
most
ineffable,
is
mystery are
in
with His
it
His
goodness,
vellous
crowns
His
justice.
sublime
alL
terrible
all,
to
omnipotence omnipotent
for
God
is
and His
wise,
not omnipotence,
love,
is
God
of itself
of a future Redeemer,
which came
mortal
flesh
life,
and
It
sin.
which sent
Him
to the world to
to earth,
and love
in glory.
It
saved.
The
of God,
possesses.
is
the only
title
of nobility the
human
Son
race
if
there be anything I
LIBERALISM,
justice
AND
examining
imperfect
his
SOCIALISM,
in
and
contradictory interior
weakness of
317
cence,
If
it
God
to Himself,
and
human
raising
it
to express
in the
human
tongues of
all
it,
we
words
vileness
nations.
can
my God
if
human
species, a
desire to fathom,
eyes,
filled
them
In vain do
regions.
their
me
whom men
names
my
turn
for
to higher spheres
I
call heroes,
and who
my conscience
fill
history with
and
tells
which
mad
ambition.
immense crowd
are
In vain do
crime, to raise
those
and cannot
its
idols
like
its
idols,
me
like
heroes,
who
an
who
adore
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
31
To
themselves.
crowds,'
No
it
was necessary
God
for
How
nobihty.
and confounds me
thinks
know he
does he
is
to me.
own
God has
if
is
it
hensible mystery of
mystery of a
Ghost, in the
always
noble,
it
in his
There
.'
to reveal
and believe
lives
abandons
womb
subject to faith
own
of the
Holy
of a virgin.
the adorable
man
and when he
thinks he
reason, he only
abandons
myste-
riously absurd.
The
incarnation of the
His
we may say
the
so, lies
of
other profound
The
contradictory of order.
thesis;
thesis.
On one
side
creatures,
anti-
synthesis so powerful
LIBERALISM,
AND
evident
in
man
Man, considered
SOCIALISM.
319
we wonder
at in God, is
any astonishment.
without causing
nothing but a
synthesis
antithesis.
to unity, or
what
antitheses, to a
the same, of
supreme
The
mutable law.
is
all
is
synthesis,
is
in finding that
is
and
universal
found either
absolute.
The
in creatures or in
synthesis, then,
God,
must be
in the antithesis or
He was
disposed by
God
when He
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
320
impediment
by volun-
But human
liberty,
The
lutely.
and contingent
reduction exclusively
its
relative
wisdom of God
In
fact,
and
relative,
to
.shines
it,
human
liberty
will,
be
God and
will,
the
the liberty of
In quality of sovereign
did exist.
be,
sovereignty of
was
the
relative in
possible
and
God would
was
in virtue of
by the immediate
totally
impossible,
account of his
will,
with
it
deification of
relative
could not be
impossibility
on
On
another occasion
LIBERALISM,
to what
we observe
in
AND
human
SOCIALISM.
ones,
321
problem
make
it
contrary,
surmount
difficulties
ever in another
which belongs to
but on the
and solve
obstacles at once,
all
this peculiarity
more
in
all
And
stroke.
divine solutions,
all
is
friendship
man
humanity.
of returning
by
The
radical
the
himself, to
even
dogmas of
Catholicity.
Socialists,
in fallen
sin,
God, was
We
go so
far
we only say
that this
sinful
man
Catholics do not
manner
of redemption,
human
God,
order.
He
By becoming man
synthetically united
without ceasing to be
as
it
results that
God Made
SSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
322
Man
man.
He
by
and
all
spiritual essences,
with
His creatures.
all
voluntarily suffering
it
No
At
and on
Adam
fell
may be
viewed,
observer the
it
in
If the
Adam,
it
right
reversibility,
which
is
a law of mercy.
sins of a representative
nient, if
we had
To
merits of a substitute.
were im-
reversible
to us.
And
this
arrogant pride,
in the person of
our
first
parent
for
even supposing
and explains
LIBERALISM,
are reversible to us,
is
AND
great
323
for it is bad
any case unqualified
timerity,
and
SOCIALISM.
in
madness.
all
impeded by
lish
in
the
sin, it
latter,
it
was
in the capacity
of rising above himself to the degree of accepting tribulations with a voluntary acceptance,
and on the
God attended
things
mystery,
in this divine
The
itself.
other,
To both
fruitful in
precious
and
but through
in it
when
inestimable
its
applied to us, of
sum
can do
all in
we can
Him and
virtue.
In
in believing
Him who
through
strengthens us.
out us
who
God
He
is
us,
surrounds and
us,
the
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
324
and sublime;
this
there
is
adoration.
Some
was
of these mani-
and the
confessed,
virgins
who
witnesses
down
laid
unshaken constancy.
From
manly and
astounded the
strong,
and disarmed
the proscribed
ascended the Capitol, and some poor fishermen conquered the world.
gain victory
it,
mercy
sad, joy
all
Through the
who combat,
and consolation,
was raised
all
who conquer
who seek
those who are
cross all
strength
;
all
in hope.
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
CHAPTER
325
IX.
Conclusion of
This
is
which
all
this book.
others mentioned
history
in
referred.
The
his lambs.
true altar
was
to
be a
cross,
and the
same God,
ful
fulfiller
for as
He
He
promise vainly.
and
He
redeem him.
With His presence
dogmas
explained, and
of solidarity might be
all
human
pains
to
He
all
man
himself
He
then
came
laws
all
He
fulfilled.
all
fulfilled.
He
fulfil
to
He
won by His
man
in so perfect
anger of God
fell
In
a manner, that
on
the impetuous
all
in
Him
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
326
soft
by
fall
on him.
He
become
holy,
that
it
its
suffering
sanctified
Who
offer to
He
accepted
would dare to
aside his
Who
.'
tains
on rugged mountains,
of divine love,
if
He had
not
till
first
and
the snow
.''
Who
but
Him
men
that
on
is
benign,
harmony
is
ineffable,
life,
repose without
fatigue,
all
all figures,
is
ideality
and
reality united.
Natural reason
AND
LIBERALISM,
tells us,
attain in
SOCIALISM.
327
perfection
possible for
is
it
him
to reach,
higher
perfection.
admirable
he have
if
still
instinct,
in the actions of
men,
have before
it
was abso-
The people
its artists,
of Athens, as
we
find
it,
necessarily supposes
and captains, as we
poets,
them
find
and
still
higher.
All
poets became
their eyes
types of
great and
on the
artistic
and
artists
and eminent
and the
" Odyssey,''
literary beauty.
immortal
the
and heroic
grace.
all
that
in
one person,
is
is
in the multi-
aristocracy,
perfect
so universal, that
it
and
manner
might be
This law
is
ESSAYS ON CATHOLICISM,
32 8
itself.
all
a necessary condition of
it is
same time
to another
two
different
same time
the
all at
one of which
cities,
live
in the superior
called
which
all
inferior, in
condensed
in
That superior
which they
Well now, as
like peoples,
one person,
stand out in
in
Rome.
so
it
their perfections
was
human
above
superior to
The
race.
city,
be
fulfilled
all,
all
perfect.
cities,
in every iota,
it
was
And
don't
tell
me
fulfilled
right
man.
and
that the
right
cellent
is
rule, is
whom
relief,
they
virtues
the other
in the superior
city,
citizens of
local,
is
they
Homer,
them.
and
personified in
by the
for
God
whom
different
one he should be
alone
is
superior to
sufficient
as man,
AND
LIBERALISM,
SOCIALISM.
329
compound of a spiritual soul and a corporeal body, participated at once in the physical and
considered as a
it
whence it follows, that being, inasmuch as he was man, all creation, he must be God to
be at the same time something beyond the created.
all
things created
we
it
was necessary
person
for the
who
ruled with
more
in the superior
the empire of
inhabited
hence God,
Made Man,
is
single in
all
by the
divine essence
is
who
should believe
To
suppose that
No
God
tabernacle defended
here
is
can see
gated blindness
the divine veils
man
would be unmiti-
ray of light
has hidden
by
in
is
capable of
the impenetrable
My only design
divine obscurity.
incredible,
is
it
of evidence, as long as
it
may
is
that he who
following truth
to beheve being
There
is
abandons
is less
obscure than
human
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
330
which
does
necessary for
when
mitted
it
is
first,
to
once ad-
There
and comprehension.
cbf explanation
is
no man of
feel satisfied,
to
all satisfactorily in
a relative way.
when placed
lamentable
is
before him.
So great
and so
up to the
thing he should
his misery,
present day he
is
have investigated,
if
it
first
Tell me,
if
if
there be
is
lisped,
nounced,
and.
feel
the
one
it
has
not yet
for
man
it
was
to pronounce, nor
alphabet
man, to pro-
it.
perfection, as
have ever had one, from which they drew, as from their
LIBERALISM,
AND
in
SOCIALISM.
gifts
and excellences
this
would be
as
God
alone
in
history.
331
could
serve
we
are
the finished
as
all,
cruel
human
virtues.
reservations,
this
Made Man,
is
personifi-
an immense,
infinite,
The
heroes were
passion excited to
The
saints are
men who,
its
all
carnal passions,
tide
of
sorrows.
all
The
heroes,
exciting
to
opposed them.
their
own powers,
of,
all
ESSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
332
all
The
hell.
among
human
The
nations.
glory,
This
were
and
one
the
is
thought to
have
the
who
other
the
;
fill
fallen into
profound oblivion
who only
among
pontiffs,
works, and
it
is
He
how
and kings.
is
knowing how, he
thinks he
is
below by peoples,
How great
thinks he
it
peoples,
emperors,
all
is
only
God
is
God
in
His
Man thinks
falls into
rest in oblivion,
This one
oblivion
and he
is
that
suddenly
The one
is
called after
them
their
from
their
first
sacrifice,
own memory.
themselves.
them
there
is
no Catholic who
is
not called
LIBERALISM,
Thus
after a saint.
is
AND
SOCIALISM.
333
the
the
most exalted,
less,
and on the
on one hand, of
other, the
Hence we observe
least exalted.
is
what
common
sense,
and
consists in that
will
that
sense, if
is
called
This
common
its
who
own
place.
considers that
perfection,
in
their
it
is
only in
it
and through
is
no
common
Without
exalted
for
most
and
in direcf:-
ON CATHOLICISM,
^^^^KS-
334
is
what
side
God
the Son of
is
He
Considered solely as
human
He
Redeemer,
all
tion
is
is
nature
is
con-
Considered as
the centre
is
is,
God
whom
fall
at
The redemp-
and reconciled
He
of the rich
lord
He
He
is
a superior syn-
wherewith to
and
infinite
is
in
and
satisfy
He
He commands
the rocks to
distil
has not
thirst,
Him
at the
He
and
LIBERALISM,
He commands
AND
SOCIALISM.
Him,
follow
all
335
rise,
citizen of a nation
between
those which
thoroughly enslaved
every
way
middle
a centre
is
are
He
life,
which
insult,
and
independent
and
the Life,
entirely
calls
He
and
is
He
is
in the
the present,
spends His
dies between
is
life
two
thieves.
And
hence
He
was
at
in this,
human
humanly
speaking, they were not far astray, that this thesis and
antithesis
human
and
rich,
ON CA THOLICISM,
336
:SSA YS
the
the
powerful,
their
This
were one
all
He was
for only
and
understandings
is
in
at once opulent
ears
one
His
to
divine word.
Deny
after another.
by
Catholic doctors,
all
partialities,
and
mad
discords
rebellions,
and great
sinister
cries
and
The poor
rich,
fortunate, aristocracies
raise their
multitudes
immense
True humanity
God, and
it
is
is
there
in
is
no
man
it
was
baseness.
it
one side
that
it
it
On
it
Son of
in the
it is
is
all
indignity and
so excellent, that
with the
Word
its
sublime and
God made
and so sublime,
He
came,
it
by His
virtue in
LIBERALISM,
her virginal womb, and
to Himself for ever
AND
SOCIALISM.
337
in its birth
heavens
Him
descend on
in figure of
whom
am
well pleased."
He
menced
to preach,
the
consoling the
sick,
seen to
This
And
is
my
beloved Son in
then when
He com-
afflicted, raising
the dead to
life,
cleaving the
air,
was seen
aurora.
And
this
was on the
other,
by God, without
exemplar of
itself
side so glorious,
baseness, predestined
all
divine
is
He
in
sinner,
among
sinners,
He who
is
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
338
He
here
To Judas
He
offers
paradise
man
He
He
He
and when
and to a robber
their eyes.'
fill
when
when
there
and with
afflicted.
He
This
suffering,
His
.never
An entire
of protection.
nor has
He
Him
people curse
and
all
one of His
abandon Him;
lips,
nor a
which to
He
what
rest
His head.
No agony was
when
sweated blood
ever equal to
all
His pores
in mockery,
and His brow crowned with thorns; He bore the weight
of His cross, and fell to the ground many times, and
who filled the air with their sinister vociferawhen He was raised on high, His abandonment
crowds,
'
tions
their
alarmed faces with their wings, that they might not behold Him even the superior part of His soul aban;
in that terrible
If
cross.
moment
all.
And
Thou be
of death,
the crowds
the Son of
AND
LIBERALISM,
How
God,
SOCIALISM.
339
in the
Him who
of
divinity
How
nailed
to
the
And
is
some poor
it
as
it
Him, abandoned by
and miserable strangers in the land. Through Him
men changed their course of life, for Him they abandoned
efforts of
fishermen, like
all,
the
city,
besides
all this,
believed soon
after
in a stable
and wrapjjed
in
swad-
it
through the
air,
transfigured
edict,
queen of
creation,
mother of the
afflicted, inter-
SSA VS ON CA THOLICISM,
340
that
and
things visible
all
and only
invisible,
afflictions,
nor other
evil
and
but sin
and pleasure; that the waters of baptism purify, confession cleanses from sin, bread and wine are converted
into
tions
that
He
without
man
thinks,
that
if
is
has counted
all
His permission or
it
the
He
is
all direc-
hairs
of our
ordination nor
command
that
is
He moves
it
that
if
him
it is
He
who
fortifies
heaven and a
eternal
hell,
glory
that
all this
itself
virgins
power of princes,
that innumerable crowds of illus-
and
in spite of the
it
by men,
LIBERALISM,
AND
SOCIALISM.
341
all
mercy
Man
but he
Him who
His love
for him.
that fearful
and
softened and
is
if
justice
filled
and
and
resists
in dying, proves
me
persecutest thou
This
."
is
of gentle complaint
is
bands of love
Why
the
Thus was
/ will
is
omnipotence
against
Osee
in
of Adam, with
the cords
ver. 4).
xi.,
rebels
by God
it
to seek
Him
in the city
it all
and the
to God,
desert, in
It is that voice
which inflames
the soul with the chaste love of the Spouse, and carries
it,
almost beside
itself,
in pursuit of
God came
and burn
believes
inexplicable,
and man
incredible,
and
When
possible.
those apostles
who saw
I;:
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
342
and clothed
passion, transfigured
white garments,
in
more shining than the sun, and purer than the snow,
said in ecstasy, Let us remain here, they had not yet
any idea of divine love, nor its ineffable delights hence
;
One
Christ,
want
Him
and
know
to
Jesus Christ
things
all
crucified
all,
and to know
Him
for in
all, I
And Him
know Him
to
little
and
crucified
for
it
in
avails
in
it
suffice to
countenance
know Him
glitters
with
nor
is
it
in
uncreated
in
enough
and the
light,
to see
Him
pronounce
Nor
when
fied
it
thirst, unsatisfied
and asks
he
for
is,
as
for
The
an
apostle with
in
He
known
prefers to be
manner
in
which
Him
in the act of
That
is
reason can
;
know
for
to signify,
and most
conceive,
only want to
Him
daring thought
in the highest
unassuagable
is
excellent
by
mercy.
infinite
is
it is
to
or
know
infinite love.
when he says
Him
men want
crucified.
to know.
LIBERALISM,
who
SOCIALISM.
343
down
ing
AND
their foot
who converted
dise,
Him
wanted to know.
Him
vir-
mount
of penance.
Among
is
is
its
imagined on
because
it
proclaims
all
sin,
and
we
what we
desired,
we merited
in
we might
merit
it
for us,
and that
it.
my
my justice,
omnipotence
It is
consummated
effected with
nor
my
my
love
mercy, nor
human
which was
what
my
could
wisdom, nor
which obscured
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
344
from
me
When
by
the Son of
God on
things
all
former book,
is
of itself permanent
is
as
every
and perpetual
and united
subject,
form
all
things created.
To
such a degree
necessary that
is it
when
as absurd
all
things be in
and
injurious
This
crated
among
is
new
when they
call
order of things.
all,
only defends
that
From
is,
absolute order.
AND
LIBERALISM,
constitute
it
God
When He drew
man from
they were
proclaimed by
SOCIALISM.
345
created and
all
made
the
woman from
first
He
justice.
aspiring
of catastrophes
this
ever
proportioned to the
negations,
order.
God
left
man, to
whom
to
field
He
left to
human
his
Creator,
treaties
and
spirits,
opinions
cities
with conflagra-
and
his
eyes to the
light,
ESSA YS ON CA THOLICISM,
346
to error
and of
tiring of republics,
rejecting
what he before
of founding and
and destroying
republics,
desired, returning to
of
what he
no God, and
of
all
light,
I am God;
of saying there
is
who
the
passing cloud.
given to
all
man; but
the stars
this,
in
harmonious
circle,
trees
it
things physical
all
and
fulfil
commands, moving
in
sovereign hand,
restrains
their
impetuosity, or gives
All that
to
man
but not-
on the heels of
on
on
damnation on
his obstinacy.
LIBERALISM,
justice
tion
on
on
by
SOCIALISM.
347
his liberty,
his scandals,
To man
AND
it
opulent
bury
cities,
is,
to suspend
for
what
one day,
for a
messages to
God who
bears His
all.
THE END.
Cornell Catholic
Union Library.
Printed by
M. H.
Gill
SacXviUe-st. Dublin,
ff
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