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Advantages of cermets
h6
KUNO
Time
Cermets
hardness
resistance to oxidation
heat resistance
with the properties of metals, such as
toughness
impact strength
The first tungsten-carbide-free hard metal the first cermet was patented by PLANSEE in the year 1931 (inventors:
P. Schwarzkopf and J. Hirschl).
This alloy (TiC, Mo2C, Ni [Co,Cr]) was considerably more brittle than the cermets of today, demonstrating erratic
performance due to unsuitable conditions and processes of the time.
The goal of the subsequent development was to improve toughness whilst maintaining the positive wear properties.
This goal has been achieved, step by step, through many generations of cermet development.
1931
1956
1962
1968
1974
1981
1994
TIZIT
2000
TCM407, TCC410
TIZIT
TCC10
TIZIT
1990
Application safety
TCM05, TCM10
Type D
TiC-TaC-WC-Mo-Ni-Co
Cermet
Type C
TiC-TiN-TaC-Mo-Ni-Co-WC
Cermet
Type B
TiC-WC-Mo-Ni-Co
Cermet
TIZIT
F05T, F10T
Type A
TiC-Mo-Ni
Cermet
TITANIT S
PLANSEE
Brittleness
Composition
The differences compared to conventional hard metal consist primarily in the composition and the special grain
structure of the hard material particles.
Hard metal
Cermets
70
100
60
80
50
60
%
max
min
40
max
30
min
20
20
0
40
10
WC
TiC
Ta(Nb)C
Co
WC
Ti(C,N)
Ta(Nb)C
Mo2C
Co+Ni
Structure
Cermets
Production
Cermet production is not notably different from the production of hard metal.
The selected raw materials based on carbide, carbonitride and nitride are milled and spray dried in order to produce
a granulate that can be pressed.
The following pressing and sintering operations result in a compact and hard form. Further finishing operations
such as grinding, honing and coating then produce a ready for use indexable insert.
Powder
Pressing
Minimum punch / die clearance
Sintering
Cermets
Hard metal
Grinding
Special grinding process
Compared to hard metal, powder preparation, pressing, sintering and grinding are more complex operations.
State-of-the-art processes and production plants represent the basis for high-quality cermets manufactured by
PLANSEE TIZIT.
Grade description
TCM407 / TCM10
TCM407
Composition:
Co/Ni 8,0% ; WC 16,0% ; (Ta,Nb) C 10,0% ;
Ti (C,N) rest
Properties:
>
Maximum heat and wear resistance
>
Excellent resistance to oxidation
>
For very high cutting speeds
>
Ideal for finishing
TCM10
Composition:
Co/Ni 12,2% ; WC 15,0% ; (Ta,Nb) C 10,0%
Ti (C,N) rest
Properties:
>
High heat and wear resistance
>
Good toughness
>
For high cutting speeds
>
Universal application
Grade description
H212 / TCC410
H212
(P15)
Composition:
Co/Ni 15,0% ; Mo2C 10,0% ; (Ta,Nb) C 12,0% ;
Ti (C,N) rest
Properties:
>
Very good heat and wear resistance
>
Very good toughness
>
For high cutting speeds
>
First choice for rotating solid cermet tools
TCC410
(P10, M10, K05)
Composition:
Co/Ni 12,2% ; WC 15,0% ; (Ta,Nb) C 10,0%
Ti(CN) rest
Coating:
CVD - Al2O3 multi-layer coating
TiN ; Ti (C,N) ; Ti (C,N)
Layer thickness:
6 m
Properties:
>
Maximum heat and wear resistance
>
Excellent resistance to oxidation
>
For very high cutting speeds
>
Excellent crater resistance
Cermets
Grade overview
Table of cutting materials
1)
1)
10
Reference number
HW
HT1)
HC
Cermets
Characteristics / Advantages
Characteristics
Advantages
Low friction
Low tendency to stick
Dry machining
Moderate heating of workpiece
11
Cermets
Basic conditions
Creating adequate basic conditions for cermet machining maximises
benefits and advantages.
1. Material
Satisfactory results can be expected with all steel materials (including stainless steels) and
ductile cast irons (nodular cast iron).
For grey cast irons no clear recommendation can be made.
The practical results demonstrate unpredictable performance.
The reasons for this are partly due to the condition of the cast blank but also to the special
structure of grey cast iron. Perlitic castings as well as those with a high ferrite content are not
particularly suitable for cermets.
In this situation notable improvement can be achieved with coated cermets.
Cermets are less suitable / not recommended for non ferrous metals (aluminium, brass, etc.),
heat resistant alloys (Inconel, etc.), titanium and hardened steels.
The upper limits of component hardness amount to approx. 52 - 54 HRC, above which
cutting edge stability becomes a factor in successful application.
2. Workpieces
The workpieces should have a minimum material allowance and be free of scale, cavities or
inclusions.
Severe interrupted cuts and unstable conditions make the application of cermets difficult.
12
4. Cutting data
0,25
0,5
0,75
1,0
1,25
1,5
ap
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
100
200
300
400
500
600
vc
13
Cermets
5. Chip grooves
Due to their specific field of application cermets require adapted chip grooves and cutting
edge design that meet the specification required for successful cermet application.
A cutting edge only moderately honed together with a ground flank guarantee the necessary
edge quality for finishing. Fine chips are formed safely and evacuated without problems from
the cutting zone.
Application area
Insert
Chip groove code
Characteristics
Insert type
Maxilock N
Steel
Stainless steels
Ductile cast irons
Medium
machining
turning
Light roughing
Steel
Stainless steels
Ductile cast irons
Steel
Stainless steels
Ductile cast irons
Medium
machining
milling
Close tolerance
Precise cutting edge
-TFQ
Maxilock S
Material
Fine machining
turning
-CF
Method
-SF
-SMF
Milling
14
Steel
Stainless steels
Ductile cast irons
ap [mm]
-CF
6
5
4
3
2
1
-TFQ
f [mm]
ap [mm]
-SF
-CF
-FN
FN
N -S
-SMF
-SM
-TFQ
6
5
4
3
2
1
-TFQ
f [mm]
ap [mm]
-SF
-CF
-FN
FN
N -S
-SM
-SMF
-SF
6
5
4
3
2
1
-TFQ
f [mm]
ap [mm]
-SF
-CF
-FN
FN
N -S
-SMF
-SM
-SMF
6
5
4
3
2
1
-SF
-CF
-FN
FN
N -SMF
-TFQ
f [mm]
15
6. Machining methods
Cermets are suitable for machining methods in which relatively small chip sections are
evacuated, which can be due to the method itself or the selection of cutting parameters.
Turning
Milling
TIZIT
Parting
Threading
The machining methods are important when choosing the cermet grade.
For milling exclusively tough grades with an adequate cutting edge design are applied.
16
Cermets
7. Application recommendations
Numerous rules for application can be deducted from practical experience. Respecting them
the probability of successful application is high.
Correct
Wrong
Conventional approach
No drawing cuts
Several cuts
One cut
17
Cermets
Correct
TIZIT
18
Wrong
TIZIT
Dry milling
Wet milling
Tangential exit
90 exit
Correct
Wrong
Large approach
Continuous cut
Interrupted cut
Cooling possible
(fmax<0.15mm/rev.)
19
Turning
Insert
20
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
CNGG 120404EN-CF
CNGG 120408EN-CF
CNMG 120404EN-CF
CNMG 120408EN-CF
CNMG 120412EN-CF
CNMG 120408EN-TFQ
CNMG 120412EN-TFQ
R
R
R R
R R
R
R
R
DNMG 110404EN-CF
DNMG 110408EN-CF
DNMG 110412EN-CF
DNMG 150604EN-CF
DNMG 150608EN-CF
DNMG 150612EN-CF
R R
R
R
R R
R
R
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
TNMG 160404EN-CF
TNMG 160408EN-CF
TNMG 160412EN-CF
R
R
R
WNMG 060404EN-CF
WNMG 060408EN-CF
WNMG 060408EN-TFQ
WNMG 080408EN-CF
WNMG 080408EN-TFQ
WNMG 080412EN-CF
R
R
R
R
R
R
21
Turning
Insert
22
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
CCGT 060202EN-SF
CCGT 060204EN-SF
CCGT 09T302EN-SF
CCGT 09T304EN-SF
CCGT 09T308EN-SF
CCGT 120404EN-SF
CCGT 120408EN-SF
CCMT 060204EN-SMF
CCMT 09T304EN-SMF
CCMT 09T308EN-SMF
CCMT 120404EN-SMF
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
DCGT 070201EN-SF
DCGT 070202EN-SF
DCGT 070204EN-SF
DCGT 11T302EN-SF
DCGT 11T304EN-SF
DCGT 11T308EN-SF
DCMT 070202EN-SMF
DCMT 070204EN-SMF
DCMT 11T304EN-SMF
DCMT 11T308EN-SMF
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
SCGT 09T304EN-SF
SCGT 09T308EN-SF
SCMT 09T304EN-SMF
SCMT 09T308EN-SMF
R R R
R R R
R
R
TCGT 110202EN-SF
TCGT 110204EN-SF
TCGT 110208EN-SF
TCGT 16T304EN-SF
TCGT 16T308EN-SF
TCMT 110204EN-SMF
TCMT 110208EN-SMF
TCMT 16T304EN-SMF
TCMT 16T308EN-SMF
R
R R R
R R
R
R
R
R
R
R
VCGT 110201EN-SF
VCGT 110302EN-SF
VCGT 110304EN-SF
VCGT 160404EN-SF
VCGT 160408EN-SF
VCMT 110304EN-SMF
VCMT 160404EN-SMF
VCMT 160408EN-SMF
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
23
Milling
Insert
24
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
RDHX 0802MOSN
RPHX 10T3MOSN
RPHX 1204MOSN
Milling
A260 system
The cartridge milling tool with the new dimension
concerning the number of variations and flexibility.
Cartridge
Type,
ordering description
Insert
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
SEHW 1204AFSN
S...
SDHT 1204AESN
SDHW 1204AESN
R
R
X...
XDHW 1204AEFN
7818037
WPHT 0603PDSR-29
7818039
SDHW 120508SR
SDHW 0903AESN
XDHW 0903AEFN
7818029
7818031
7818041
S...
X...
25
Milling
Type,
ordering description
Insert
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
SDHW 0903AESN
XDHW 0903AEFN
SDHT 1204AESN
SDHW 1204AESN
SDHW 1204AESN-R
R
R
R
XDHW 1204AEFN
S...
X...
S...
X...
26
Milling
A280 system
90 shell end milling cutter with trigon insert.
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
WPHT 0603PDSR-29
27
Milling
A490 system
Shell end cutter with 90 approach angle.
Insert
Type,
ordering description
SDHW 120508SR
28
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
Milling
Helimax system
End mills manufactured from solid carbide and end mills
with brazed helical carbide strip.
Type,
ordering description
Tool
TIZIT
DIN 6535HA
E06.06.R.04
E06.08.R.04
E06.10.R.04
E06.12.R.06
E06.14.R.06
E06.16.R.08
E06.18.R.08
E06.20.R.08
TCC410
TCM10
TCM407
Delivery program
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
29
Rods
Type,
ordering description
Rod
+10
30
330 -0
RR 0325-330
RR 0420-330
RR 0520-330
RR 0620-330
RR 0820-330
RR 1020-330
RR 1220-330
RR 1420-330
RR 1620-330
RR 1820-330
RR 2020-330
D [mm]
3,25
4,20
5,20
6,20
8,20
10,20
12,20
14,20
16,20
18,20
20,20
Tol.
-0 / +0,10
-0 / +0,25
-0 / +0,30
-0 / +0,45
-0 / +0,55
H 212
Delivery program
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Milling
Special inserts
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCM10
LDHW
LDHW 15T308SR
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCM10
SEKN
SEKN 1203AFSN
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCM10
SPKN
SPKN 1203EDSR
Insert
Type,
ordering description
TCM10
TPKN
TPKN 2204PDSR
31
Workpiece material
0,45% C
N/mm
125
420
150-250
500 - 850
300
1000
annealed
180
600
tempered
250-300
7/8
850 - 1000
tempered
350
1180
annealed
200
10
680
350
11
1180
200
12
tempered
tempered
martensitic
325
13
annealed
ferritic / martensitic
200
14
quenched
austenitic
180
14
quenched
Duplex
230-260
14
hardened
martensitic / austenitic
330
14
perlitic / ferritic
180
15
perlitic / martensitic
260
16
ferritic
160
17
spheroidal graphite
perlitic
250
18
ferritic
130
19
perlitic
230
20
stainless steel
tempered iron
32
0,15% - 0,45% C
tempered
HB
annealed
annealed
Turning
ferritic
0,15% C
TCM407
Group
Hardness
1100
vc [m/min]
340 - 430
290 - 340
240 - 290
320 - 360
230 - 280
200 - 250
250 - 310
230 - 330
280 - 340
210 - 250
200 - 260
250 - 280
160 - 200
280 - 430
200 - 270
330 - 500
180 - 330
TCM10
Turning
TCC410
Milling with
Indexable inserts
Helimax*
vc [m/min]
280 - 350
230 - 270
190 - 240
260 - 300
180 - 230
140 - 220
160 - 200
160 - 200
230 - 270
170 - 250
170 - 240
200 - 240
130 - 160
220 - 300
180 - 230
250 - 350
160 - 250
Turning
vc [m/min]
400 - 520
350 - 400
300 - 350
400 - 440
300 - 360
250 - 300
310 - 380
280 - 400
350 - 400
260 - 310
250 - 320
300 - 350
210 - 250
340 - 480
260 - 360
360 - 520
400 - 680
230 - 400
180 - 320
vc [m/min]
350 - 600
340 - 400
180 - 350
250 - 360
200 - 320
150 - 250
180 - 280
150 - 250
300 - 400
150 - 260
250 - 400
180 - 350
180 - 250
180 - 400
150 - 250
200 - 350
180 - 320
vc [m/min]
300 - 420
280 - 350
220 - 320
250 - 300
180 - 260
140 - 200
160 - 220
100 - 160
240 - 350
140 - 250
200 - 280
110 - 250
100 - 220
100 - 210
180 - 300
150 - 260
200 - 330
160 - 280
*TIZIT tip
TIZIT
fz = 0,02 - 0,05
TIZIT
0,1xD
33
Practical examples
Standard parts
Problems / criteria:
146
0
29
Result:
TIZIT
Workpiece:
Material:
Strength:
Machine:
Tools:
Standard parts
X 45 NiCrMo 4
600 - 800 N/mm2
Milling machine
A 260.20.R.12/029
SEHW 1204AFSN TCM10
Application data:
Vc
ap
ae
fz
[m/min]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
300
0.25
146
0.09
Connecting rod
Problems / criteria:
32 H7
Result:
Workpiece:
Material:
Strength:
Machine:
Tools:
34
Connecting rod
GGG 70
235 - 265 HB
Boring machine
Special boring bar
TCGT 110208EN-SF TCC410
Application data:
Vc
ap
f
[m/min]
[mm]
[mm/rev.]
290
0.04
0.125
ap = 20mm
Intermediate drum
Z
TIZIT
TIZIT
Z M 3:1
Problems / criteria:
Result:
ae = 0,5mm
Workpiece:
Material:
Condition:
Machine:
Tools:
Intermediate drum
Application data:
GG 30
Vc
[m/min]
Stable
a
[mm]
p
Voest Alpine turn-milling centre
f
[mm]
z
TIZIT:
E06.20.R.08 TCM10
Competitor: Solid carbide milling cutter
TIZIT
250
20
0.45
Competitor
69
20
0.32
Shaft
18 f6
22
Problems / criteria:
Dimensional tolerance h6
Vibrations
Swarf evacuation
Surface quality N6
Result:
440
Workpiece:
Material:
Strength:
Machine:
Tools:
Shaft
32 CrMOV 12 10
1200 - 1500 N/mm2
MAHO / Graziano
SDUCR 2020 K11
DCMT 11T308EN-SF TCM10
Application data:
Vc
ap
f
[m/min]
[mm]
[mm/rev.]
220
1.0 - 1.5
0.10
35
Bulgaria
INSTRUMENT AG
Boulevard Stoletov 157
BG-5301 Gabrovo
Tel.:
+359 (66) 438-11
Fax:
+359 (66) 437-42
E-Mail: instrument@eda.bg
= Sales Cutting Tools
Germany
PLANSEE TIZIT GmbH
Schtzenstrae 29
D-72574 Bad Urach
Tel.:
+49 (7125) 1501-0
Fax:
+49 (7125) 8594
E-Mail: tool.de@plansee.de
= Sales Cutting Tools
France
Socit PLANSEE TIZIT S.A.R.L.
20, Rue Lavoisier
F-95300 Pontoise
Tel.:
+33 (1) 3433-3180
Fax:
+33 (1) 3030-9339
E-Mail: tool.f@plansee.at
= Sales Cutting Tools
Great Britain
PLANSEE TIZIT (UK) Ltd.
Cliff Lane
Grappenhall
Warrington WA4 3JX
Tel.:
+44 (1925) 261-161
Fax:
+44 (1925) 267-933
E-Mail: tool.uk@plansee.at
= Sales Cutting Tools
India
Siel TIZIT Limited
58, Motilal Gupta Road
Barisha
IN-700 008 Calcutta
Tel.:
+91 (33) 447-5435
Fax:
+91 (33) 447-6472
Telex: 021 8142 ihm in
E-Mail: positiz@cal.vsnl.net.in
= Sales Cutting Tools
Italy
TIZIT S.p.A
Piazza F. Martelli, 7
I-20162 Milano
Tel.:
+39 (02) 6441-111
Fax:
+39 (02) 6611-6040
E-Mail: tool.i@plansee.at
= Sales Cutting Tools
Spain
PLANSEE TIZIT
Va de las Dos Castillas, 9c
Portal 2, Bajo B
E-28224 Pozuelo (Madrid)
Tel.:
+34 (91) 351-0609
Fax:
+34 (91) 351-2813
E-Mail: tool.e@plansee.at
= Sales Cutting Tools
USA
SCHWARZKOPF
TECHNOLOGIES Corporation
115 Constitution Boulevard
Franklin, MA 02038
Tel.:
+1 (508) 553-3800
Fax:
+1 (508) 553-3823
E-Mail: tool.usa@stc-ma.com
= Sales Cutting Tools
Austria
PLANSEE TIZIT Aktiengesellschaft
A-6600 Reutte/Tirol
Tel.:
+43 (5672) 600-0
Fax:
+43 (5672) 600-505
E-Mail: zerspanung.at@plansee.at
= Sales Cutting Tools
China
PLANSEE TIZIT Hong Kong Ltd.
Room 1201-1202
Hollywood Centre
233 Hollywood Rd., Sheung Wan
Hong Kong
Tel.:
(+852) 2542-1838
Fax:
(+852) 2854-3777
E-Mail: tool.hk@plansee-hk.com
= Sales Cutting Tools
172 / 1
Parent company
PLANSEE TIZIT Aktiengesellschaft
A-6600 Reutte/Tirol
Tel.:
+43 (5672) 600-0
Fax:
+43 (5672) 600-502 Cutting Tools
+43 (5672) 600-503 Wear Parts
E-Mail: tool.at@plansee.at
E-Mail: wear.at@plansee.at
http://www.plansee.com
172 E 07.01