Lesson 3

Understanding Dial Peers

Overview
Asacallisbeingsetupacrossthenetwork,theexistenceofvariousparametersischeckedand
negotiated.Amismatchinparameterscancausecallfailure.Itisimportanttounderstandhow
routersinterpretcalllegsandhowcalllegsrelatetoinboundandoutbounddialpeers.
SuccessfulimplementationofaVoIPnetworkreliesheavilyontheproperapplicationofdial
peers,thedigitstheymatch,andtheservicestheyspecify.Thenetworkengineermusthavein
depthknowledgeofdialpeerconfigurationoptionsandtheiruses.Thislessondiscussesthe
properuseofdigitmanipulationandtheconfigurationofdialpeers.Thislessonalsodescribes
callflowsastheyrelatetoinboundandoutbounddialpeers,voicedialpeers,huntgroups,digit
manipulation,andthematchingofcallstodialpeers.

Objectives
Uponcompletingthislesson,youwillbeabletodescribethepurposeanduseofdialpeersin
VoIP.Thisabilityincludesbeingabletomeettheseobjectives:

DescribePOTSandVoIPdialpeersandcalllegsinrelationtoasimpleVoIPnetwork

Describehowgatewaysinterpretcalllegstoestablishendtoendcalls

DescribethefunctionofthePOTS,VoIP,anddefaultdialpeers

DescribehowtoconfigurePOTSdialpeers

DescribehowtoconfigureVoIPdialpeers

Explainhowdestinationpatternoptionsassociateatelephonenumberwithagivendial
peer

Describehowtheroutermatchesinbounddialpeers

Describethedefaultdialpeer

Describehowtheroutermatchesoutbounddialpeers

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Dial Peers and Call Legs

Thistopicdescribesthefunctionsofplainoldtelephoneservice(POTS)andVoIPdialpeers
andcalllegsascomponentsofasimpleVoIPnetwork.

Dial Peers and Call Legs

Source

Destination
Packet
Network

Call Leg 1
(POTS dial peer)

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Call Leg 2
(VoIP dial peer)

Call Leg 3
(VoIP dial peer)

Call Leg 4
(POTS dial peer)

CVOICE v6.02-2

Configuringdialpeersisthekeytoimplementingdialplansandprovidingvoiceservicesover
anIPpacketnetwork.Dialpeersareusedtoidentifycallsourceanddestinationendpointsand
todefinethecharacteristicsthatareappliedtoeachcallleginthecallconnection.
Atraditionalvoicecalloverthepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)usesadedicated
64kb/sendtoendcircuit.Incontrast,avoicecalloverthepacketnetworkismadeupof
discretesegmentsorcalllegs.Acalllegisalogicalconnectionbetweentworoutersorbetween
arouterandatelephonydevice.Avoicecallconsistsoffourcalllegs:twofromtheperspective
oftheoriginatingrouterandtwofromtheperspectiveoftheterminatingrouter,asshowninthe
diagraminthefigure.
Adialpeerisassociatedwitheachcallleg.Attributesthataredefinedinadialpeerandapplied
tothatcalllegincludecoderdecoders (codecs),qualityofservice(QoS),voiceactivity
detection(VAD),andfaxrate.Adialpeermustbecompletedforeachcallleg.
Calllegsareroutercentric.Whenaninboundcallarrives,itisprocessedseparatelyuntilthe
destinationisdetermined.Thenasecondoutboundcalllegisestablished,andtheinboundcall
legisswitchedtotheoutboundvoiceport.Theconnectionisenabledwhenyouhave
configureddialpeersoneachinterface.
Caution

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The originating router or gateway may request nondefault capabilities or applications. When
this is the case, the terminating router or gateway must match an inbound voice network dial
peer that is configured for such capabilities or applications.

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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

End-to-End Calls
Thistopicdescribeshowgatewaysinterpretcalllegstoestablishendtoendcalls.

End-to-End Calls
Source

R1

R2
Packet
Network

POTS
Originating
Gateway

Destination
POTS

Terminating
Gateway

Call Leg 1
(POTS Dial
Peer)

Call Leg 2
(Voice Network
Dial Peer)

Call Leg 3
(Voice Network
Dial Peer)

Call Leg 4
(POTS Dial
Peer)

R1 Inbound

R2 Outbound

R2 Inbound

R2 Outbound

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-3

Anendtoendvoicecallconsistsoffourcalllegs:twofromtheoriginatingrouter(shownas
R1inthefigure)orgatewayperspective,andtwofromtheterminatingrouter(R2)orgateway
perspective.Aninboundcalllegoccurswhenanincomingcallcomesintotherouteror
gateway.Anoutboundcalllegoccurswhenacallisplacedfromtherouterorgateway.
Acallissegmentedintocalllegs,andadialpeerisassociatedwitheachcallleg.Theprocess
forcallsetupislistedhere:
1. ThePOTScallarrivesatR1andisassociatedwithamatchinginboundPOTSdialpeer.
2. R1createsaninboundPOTScalllegandassignsitacallID(callleg1).
3. R1associatesthedialedstringtoamatchingoutboundvoicenetworkdialpeer.
4. R1createsanoutboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacallID(callleg2).
5. ThevoicenetworkcallrequestarrivesatR2andisassociatedwithamatchinginbound
voicenetworkdialpeer.
6. R2createstheinboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacallID(callleg3).Atthis
point,bothR1andR2negotiatevoicenetworkcapabilitiesandapplications,ifrequired.
7. R2usesthedialedstringtomatchanoutboundPOTSdialpeer.
8. AfterassociatingtheincomingcallsetupwithanoutboundPOTSdialpeer,R2createsan
outboundPOTScallleg,assignsitaCallID,andcompletesthecall(callleg4).

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Types of Dial Peers

ThistopicdescribesfunctionsofthePOTS,VoIP,anddefaultdialpeers.

Types of Dial Peers

A dial peer is an addressable call endpoint.
Dial peers establish logical connections, called call legs, to
complete an end-to-end call.
Cisco voice-enabled routers support two types
of dial peers:
POTS dial peers: Define the characteristics of a traditional
telephony network connection
VoIP dial peers: Define the characteristics of a packet network
connection

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-4

Whenacallisplaced,anedgedevicegeneratesdialeddigitsthatsignalwheretoterminatethe
call.Whenthesedigitsenteraroutervoiceport,theroutermustdecidewhetherthecallcanbe
routedandwherethecallcanbesent.Therouterdoesthisbysearchingalistofdialpeers.
Adialpeerisanaddressablecallendpoint.Anaddress,whichiscalledadestinationpattern,is
configuredineverydialpeer.Destinationpatternscanpointtojustoneortoarangeof
telephonenumbers.Destinationpatternsusebothexplicitdigitsandwildcardvariablesto
defineatelephonenumberorrangeofnumbers.
Therouterusesdialpeerstoestablishlogicalconnections.Theselogicalconnections,whichare
knownascalllegs,areestablishedinbothaninboundandanoutbounddirection.
Dialpeersdefinetheparametersineachcalllegforthecallsthattheymatch.Forexample,ifa
callisoriginatingandterminatingatthesamesiteandisnotcrossingthroughhighvolume
WANlinks,thecallcancrossthelocalnetworkuncompressedandwithoutspecialpriority.A
callthatoriginateslocallyandcrossestheWANlinktoaremotesitemayrequirecompression
withaspecificcodec.ThiscallmayalsorequirethatVADbeturnedon.Itwilldefinitelyneed
toreceivepreferentialtreatmentbyspecifyingahigherprioritylevel.

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Dependingonthecallleg,acallisroutedusingoneofthetwotypesofdialpeers:

POTSdialpeers:Retainthecharacteristicsofatraditionaltelephonynetworkconnection.
POTSdialpeersmapadialedstringtoaspecificvoiceportonthelocalrouter,normally
thevoiceportconnectingtheroutertothelocalPSTN,PBX,ortelephone.

Voicenetwork(orVoIP)dialpeers:ArecomponentsonanIPnetworktowhichavoice
gatewayrouterpointsviathecomponentIPaddressthatisspecifiedinthesessiontarget
commandforaparticularmatchingdialpeer.Thefourtypesofvoicenetworkdialpeers,
VoIP,VoiceoverATM(VoATM),VoiceoverFrameRelay(VoFR),andMultimediaMail
overIP(MMoIP),aredeterminedaccordingtothegivenpacketnetworktechnologyand
aredescribedasfollows:

VoIP:PointstotheIPaddressofthedestinationrouterthatterminatesthecall.

VoFR:Pointstothedatalinkconnectionidentifier(DLCI)oftheinterfacefrom
whichthecallexitstherouter.

VoATM:PointstotheATMvirtualcircuitfortheinterfacefromwhichthecall
exitstherouter.

MMoIP:PointstotheemailaddressoftheSimpleMailTransferProtocol(SMTP)
server.Thistypeofdialpeerisusedonlyforfaxtraffic.

Tip

If you use H.323 version 2 Registration, Admission, and Status (RAS), you do not specify an
IP address using the session target command. Instead, you will use session target ras.

BothPOTSandvoicenetworkdialpeersareneededtoestablishvoiceconnectionsovera
packetnetwork.

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Dial-Peer Configuration Example

Thisdiagramshowsadialpeerconfiguration.

Dial Peer
Voice-Enabled
Router
Telephony
Device
POTS
Voice-Enabled
Router

VoIP

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Packet
Network

CVOICE v6.02-5

Inthediagram,thetelephonydeviceconnectstotheCiscovoiceenabledrouter.ThePOTS
dialpeerconfigurationincludesthetelephonenumberofthetelephonydeviceandthevoice
porttowhichitisattached.Therouterdetermineswheretoforwardincomingcallsforthat
telephonenumber.
TheCiscovoiceenabledrouterVoIPdialpeerisconnectedtothepacketnetwork.TheVoIP
dialpeerconfigurationincludesthedestinationtelephonenumber(orrangeofnumbers)and
thenexthopordestinationvoiceenabledrouternetworkaddress.
CompletethesestepstoplaceaVoIPcall.

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Step 1

Configureacompatibledialpeeronthesourcerouterthatspecifiestherecipient
destinationaddress.

Step 2

ConfigureaPOTSdialpeerontherecipientrouterthatspecifieswhichvoiceport
therouterusestoforwardthevoicecall.

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Configuring POTS Dial Peers

ThistopicdescribeshowtoconfigurePOTSdialpeers.

POTS Dial Peers

Dial Peer 1

Voice Port
1/0/0

Router 1

Extention 7777
Configuration for Dial Peer 1 on Router 1:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 pots
Router(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 7777
Router(config-dialpeer)# port 1/0/0
Router(config-Dialpeer)# end

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-6

BeforetheconfigurationofCiscoIOSdialpeerscanbegin,thenetworkadministratormust
haveagoodunderstandingofwheretheedgedevicesreside,whattypeofconnectionsneedto
bemadebetweenthesedevices,andwhattelephonenumberingschemeisappliedtothe
devices.ThediagraminthefigureillustratesproperPOTSdialpeerconfigurationonaCisco
voiceenabledrouter.
ThedialpeertypewillbespecifiedasPOTSbecausetheedgedeviceisdirectlyconnectedtoa
voiceportandthesignalingmustbesentfromthisporttoreachthedevice.Therearetwobasic
parametersthatneedtobespecifiedforthedevice:thetelephonenumberandthevoiceport.
WhenaPBXisconnectingtothevoiceport,arangeoftelephonenumberscanbespecified.
CompletethesestepstoconfigurePOTSdialpeers.
Step 1

ConfigureaPOTSdialpeerateachrouterorgatewaywhereedgetelephonydevices
connecttothenetwork.
router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 pots

Thedialpeervoice1potscommandnotifiestherouterthatdialpeer1isaPOTSdialpeer
withatagof1.
Step 2

Configurethetelephonenumber.
router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 7777

Thedestinationpattern7777commandnotifiestherouterthattheattachedtelephonydevice
terminatescallsdestinedfortelephonenumber7777.

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Step 3

SpecifythephysicalvoiceportthatthePOTStelephoneisconnectedto.
router(config-dial-peer)# port 1/0/0

Theport1/0/0commandnotifiestherouterthatthetelephonydeviceispluggedintomodule1,
voiceinterfacecard(VIC)slot0,andvoiceport0.

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Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

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POTS Dial-Peer Configuration Practice

Thispagecanbeusedtopracticedialpeerconfiguration.

Configuring POTS Dial Peers Practice

3111
R1: 10.1.1.1

IP WAN
R2: 10.1.1.2

1/0/0
2222

1/0/0

1/1/0

2/1/0

1/0/1
3112
1/1/0

PSTN

3113

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-7

AssumethatthereisadatacenterattheR1siteandexecutiveofficesattheR2site.Usingthe
diagram,createbasicPOTSdialpeersonR1andR2forthefourtelephonesshown.
R1POTS

R2POTS

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________

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Configuring VoIP Dial Peers

ThistopicdescribeshowtoconfigureVoIPdialpeers.

VoIP Dial Peers

R2(config)# dial-peer voice 2 pots
R2(config-dial-peer)# destination pattern 8
R2(config-dial-peer)# forward-digits all
R2(config-dial-peer)# port 1/0/0

Extension 7777 is calling 8888

R1

R2
1/0/0

IP Cloud
Extension 7777

L0: 10.18.0.1

PBX

Extension 8888

R1(config)# dial-peer voice 2 voip

R1 (config-dial-peer)# destination pattern 8
R1(config-dial-peer)# session target ipv4:10.18.0.1

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-8

Theadministratormustknowhowtoidentifythefarendvoiceenableddevicethatwill
terminatethecall.Inasmallnetworkenvironment,thedevicemaybetheIPaddressofthe
remotedevice.Inalargeenvironment,identifyingthedevicemaymeanpointingtoaCisco
UnifiedCommunicationsManagerorgatekeeperforaddressresolutionandCallAdmission
Control(CAC)tocompletethecall.ThediagraminthefigureillustratestheproperVoIPdial
peerconfigurationonaCiscovoiceenabledrouter.
CompletethesestepstoconfigureVoIPdialpeers.
ConfigurethepathacrossthenetworkforvoicedataonR1.
Step 1

SpecifythedialpeerasaVoIPdialpeer.

Thedialpeervoice2voipcommandnotifiestherouterthatdialpeer2isaVoIPdialpeerwith
atagof2.
ThedialpeerisspecifiedasaVoIPdialpeer,whichalertstherouterthatitmustprocessacall
accordingtothevariousdialpeerparameters.ThedialpeermustthenpackageitasanIP
packetfortransportacrossthenetwork.Specifiedparametersmayincludethecodecthatis
usedforcompression(VAD,forexample),ormarkingthepacketforpriorityservice.
Step 2

Usethedestinationpatterncommandtoconfigurearangeofnumbersthatare
reachablebytheremoterouterorgateway.

Thedestinationpattern8commandnotifiestherouterthatthisdialpeerdefinesanIPvoice
pathacrossthenetworkfortelephonenumbers8000to8999.

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Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

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Note

Step 3

The destination-pattern command configured for this dial peer is typically a range of
numbers that are reachable via the remote router or gateway.

UsethesessiontargetcommandtospecifyanIPaddressoftheterminatingrouter
orgateway.

Thesessiontargetipv4:10.18.0.1commanddefinestheIPaddressoftherouterthatis
connectedtotheremotetelephonydevice.
Becausethisdialpeerpointstoadeviceacrossthenetwork,therouterneedsadestinationIP
addresstoputintheIPpacket.Thesessiontargetcommandallowstheadministratortospecify
eitheranIPaddressoftheterminatingrouterorgatewayorofanotherdevice.Forexample,a
gatekeeperorCiscoUnifiedCommunicationsManagermayreturnanIPaddressofthatremote
terminatingdevice.
Note

To determine which IP address a dial peer should point to, it is recommended that you use a
loopback address. The loopback address is always up on a router, as long as the router is
powered on and the interface is not administratively shut down. The reason an interface IP
address is not recommended is that if the interface goes down, the call will fail even if there
is an alternate path to the router.

ConfiguretheoutbounddialpeeronR2toroutecallstotheremotePBX.
Step 4

SpecifythedialpeerasaPOTSdialpeer.

Thedialpeervoice2POTScommandnotifiestherouterthatdialpeer2isaPOTSdialpeer
withatagof2.
Step 5

Usethedestinationpatterncommandtoconfigurearangeofnumbersreachable
bytherouterorgateway.

Thedestinationpattern8commandnotifiestherouterthatthisdialpeerdefinesanPOTS
dialpeerforarangeoftelephonenumberfrom8000to8999.
Step 6

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

UsetheportcommandtoroutecallstothePBX.

Voice Port Configuration

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VoIP Dial-Peer Configuration Practice

Thispagecanbeusedtopracticedialpeerconfiguration.

Configuring VoIP Dial Peers Practice

R1: 10.1.1.1

1/0/0

3111

1/0/1

3112

1/1/0

3113

R2: 10.1.1.2

1/0/0
2222

1/1/0

2/1/0

PSTN

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-9

Usingthediagram,createbasicVoIPdialpeersonR1andR2forthetwogatewaysshown.

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R1VoIP

R2VoIP

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Default Dial Peer

Thistopicdescribesthedefaultdialpeer.

Default Dial Peer 0

Dial Peer 2

Dial Peer 1

10.18.0.1
1/0/0

Extension 7777

1/1/0

IP Cloud
R1

dial-peer voice 1 pots

destination 7777
port 1/0/0

R2

Extension 888

dial-peer voice 3 pots

destination 8888
port 1/1/0

Dial-peer voice 2 voip

destination-pattern 8888
session target ipv4:10.18.0.1
When extension 7777 calls extension 8888, there is no dial peer on router 2
with destination pattern 7777 to match the incoming call leg. Router 2 matches
the default dial peer 0.
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-12

Whenamatchinginbounddialpeerisnotfound,therouterresortstothedefaultdialpeer.
Note

Default dial peers are used for inbound matches only. They are not used to match outbound
calls that do not have a dial peer configured.

Thedefaultdialpeerisreferredtoasdialpeer0.

Use of Default Dial Peer Example

Inthefigure,onlyonewaydialingisconfigured.Thecalleratextension7777cancall
extension8888becausethereisaVoIPdialpeerconfiguredonrouter1toroutethecallacross
thenetwork.ThereisnoVoIPdialpeerconfiguredonrouter2topointcallsacrossthenetwork
towardrouter1.Therefore,thereisnodialpeeronrouter2thatwillmatchthecallingnumber
ofextension7777ontheinboundcallleg.Ifnoincomingdialpeermatchesthecallingnumber,
theinboundcalllegautomaticallymatchestoadefaultdialpeer(POTSorVoIP).

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Dialpeer0forinboundVoIPpeershasthisconfiguration:

anycodec

ipprecedence0

vadenabled

norsvpsupport

faxrateservice

Dialpeer0forinboundPOTSpeershasthisconfiguration:

noivrapplication

Youcannotchangethedefaultconfigurationfordialpeer0.Defaultdialpeer0failsto
negotiatenondefaultcapabilitiesorservices.WhenthedefaultdialpeerismatchedonaVoIP
call,thecalllegthatissetupintheinbounddirectionusesanysupportedcodecforvoice
compressionthatisbasedontherequestedcodeccapabilitycomingfromthesourcerouter.
Whenadefaultdialpeerismatched,thevoicepathinonedirectionmayhavedifferent
parametersthanthevoiceinthereturndirection.Thisdifferenceinvoicepathparametersmay
causeonesideoftheconnectiontoreportgoodqualityvoicewhiletheothersidereportspoor
qualityvoice.Forexample,theoutbounddialpeerhasVADdisabled,buttheinboundcallleg
ismatchedagainstthedefaultdialpeer,whichhasVADenabled.VADwouldbeoninone
directionandoffinthereturndirection.
WhenthedefaultdialpeerismatchedonaninboundPOTScallleg,thereisnodefaultIVR
applicationwiththeport.Asaresult,theusergetsadialtoneandproceedswithdialeddigits.

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Configuring Destination-Pattern Options

Thistopicdescribeshowtousedestinationpatternoptionstoassociateatelephonenumber
withagivendialpeer.

Common Destination-Pattern Options

+

string

(Optional) Character indicating an E.164 standard number.

Series of digits that specify a pattern for the E.164 or private dialing plan
telephone number. Valid entries are the digits 0 through 9, the letters
A through D, and the following special characters:
The asterisk (*) and pound sign (#) that appear on standard touch-tone dial
pads.
Comma (,), which inserts a pause between digits.
Period (.), which matches any entered digit (this character is used as a
wildcard).
Percent sign (%), which indicates that the preceding digit occurred zero or
more times; similar to the wildcard usage.
Plus sign (+), which indicates that the preceding digit occurred one or more
times.
Circumflex (^), which indicates a match to the beginning of the string.
Dollar sign ($), which matches the null string at the end of the input string.
Backslash symbol (\), which is followed by a single character, and matches
that character. Can be used with a single character with no other
significance (matching that character).
Question mark (?), which indicates that the preceding digit occurred either
zero times or one time.
Brackets ([ ]) indicate a range.
Parentheses (( )), which indicate a pattern.
(Optional) Control character indicating that the value is a variable-length dial
string. Using this control character enables the router to wait until all digits are
received before routing the call.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-10

Thedestinationpatternyouconfigureisusedtomatchdialeddigitstoadialpeer.Thedialpeer
isthenusedtocompletethecall.
Whenarouterreceivesvoicedata,itcomparesthecallednumber(thefullE.164telephone
number)inthepacketheaderwiththenumberthatisconfiguredasthedestinationpatternfor
thevoicetelephonypeer.Italsodeterminesthedialeddigitsthattheroutercollectsand
forwardstotheremotetelephonyinterface,suchasaPBX,CiscoUnifiedCommunications
Manager,orthePSTN.
Note

In the case of POTS dial peers, the router strips out the left-justified numbers that explicitly
match the destination pattern. If you have configured a prefix, the prefix is appended to the
front of the remaining numbers, creating a dial string, which the router then dials. If all
numbers in the destination pattern are stripped out, the user receives a dial tone.

YoumustconfigureadestinationpatternforeachPOTSandVoIPdialpeerthatyoudefineon
therouter.Thedestinationpatterncanindicateacompletetelephonenumberorapartial
telephonenumberwithwildcarddigits,oritcanpointtoarangeofnumbersdefinedina
varietyofways.
TospecifyeithertheprefixorthefullE.164telephonenumbertobeusedforadialpeer,use
thedestinationpatterncommandindialpeerconfigurationmode.
destination-pattern [+] string [T]

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Voice Port Configuration

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Destinationpatternoptionsincludethoselistedhere:

Plussign(+):ThisisanoptionalcharacterthatindicatesanE.164standardnumber.E.164
istheITUTrecommendationfortheinternationalpublictelecommunicationnumbering
plan.Theplussigninfrontofadestinationpatternstringspecifiesthatthestringmust
conformtoE.164.

string:ThisisaseriesofdigitsspecifyingtheE.164orprivatedialplantelephonenumber.
Theexamplesthatfollowshowtheuseofspecialcharactersthatareoftenfoundin
destinationpatternstrings:

2-76

Anasterisk(*)andpoundsign(#)appearonstandardtouchtonedialpads.These
charactersmayneedtobeusedwhenpassingacalltoanautomatedapplicationthat
requiresthesecharacterstosignaltheuseofaspecialfeature.Forexample,whena
usercallsaninteractivevoiceresponse(IVR)systemthatrequiresacodeforaccess,
thenumberdialedmightbe5551212888#,whichwouldinitiallydialthe
telephonenumber5551212andinputacodeof888followedbythepoundkey
toterminatetheIVRinputquery.

Acomma(,)insertsa1secondpausebetweendigits.Thecommacanbeused,for
example,wherea9isdialedtosignalaPBXthatthecallshouldbeprocessedby
thePSTN.The9isfollowedbyacommatogivethePBXtimetoopenacallpath
tothePSTN,afterwhichtheremainingdigitswillbeplayedout.Anexampleofthis
stringis9,5551212.

Aperiod(.)matchesanysingleentereddigitfrom0to9,andisusedasawildcard.
Thewildcardcanbeusedtospecifyagroupofnumbersthatmaybeaccessibleviaa
singledestinationrouter,gateway,PBX,orCiscoUnifiedCommunications
Manager.Apatternof200.allowsfor10uniquelyaddresseddevices,whilea
patternof20..canpointto100devices.Ifonesitehasthenumbers2000through
2049,andanothersitehasthenumbers2050through2099,thebracketnotation
wouldbemoreefficient.

Brackets([])indicatearange.Arangeisasequenceofcharactersthatareenclosed
inthebrackets.Onlysinglenumericcharactersfrom0to9areallowedintherange.
Inthepreviousexample,thebracketnotationcouldbeusedtospecifyexactlywhich
rangeofnumbersisaccessiblethrougheachdialpeer.Forexample,thefirstsite
patternwouldbe20[04].,andthesecondsitepatternwouldbe20[59]..Note
thatinbothcases,aperiodisusedinthelastdigitpositiontorepresentanysingle
digitfrom0to9.Thebracketnotationoffersmuchmoreflexibilityinhownumbers
canbeassigned.

T:Thisisanoptionalcontrolcharacterindicatingthatthedestinationpatternvalueisa
variablelengthdialstring.Inthiscase,thesystemdoesnotmatchthedialednumbersuntil
theinterdigittimeoutvaluehasexpired.Incaseswherecallersmaybedialinglocal,
national,orinternationalnumbers,thedestinationpatternmustprovideforavariable
lengthdialplan.IfaparticularvoicegatewayhasaccesstothePSTNforlocalcallsand
accesstoatransatlanticconnectionforinternationalcalls,callsbeingroutedtothat
gatewaywillhaveavaryingnumberofdialeddigits.Asingledialpeerwithadestination
patternof.Tcouldsupportthedifferentcalltypes.Theinterdigittimeoutcommand
determineswhenastringofdialeddigitsiscomplete.Theroutercontinuestocollectdigits
untilthereisaninterdigitpauselongerthantheconfiguredvalue.Whenthecallingparty
finishesenteringdialeddigits,thereisapauseequaltotheinterdigittimeoutvaluebefore
therouterprocessesthecall.Thecallingpartycanimmediatelyterminatetheinterdigit
timeoutbyenteringthepoundcharacter(#),whichisthedefaultterminationcharacter.
Becausethedefaultinterdigittimerissetto10seconds,usersmayexperiencealongcall
setupdelay.

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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Note

Cisco IOS software does not check the validity of the E.164 telephone number. It accepts
any series of digits as a valid number.

Matching Destination Patterns Example

Destination-Pattern Options
Destination Pattern

Matching Telephone Numbers

5550124

This destination pattern matches one telephone number exactly, 5550124.

This destination pattern is typically used when there is a single device, such
as a telephone or fax, connected to a voice port.

55501[1-3].

This destination pattern matches a seven-digit telephone number where the

first five digits are 55501, the sixth digit can be a 1, 2, or 3, and the last digit
can be any valid digit.
This destination pattern is used when telephone number ranges are assigned
to specific sites. In this example, the destination pattern is used in a small site
that does not need more than 30 numbers assigned.

.T

This destination pattern matches any telephone number that has at least 1
digit and can vary in length from 1 to 32 digits total.
This destination pattern is used for a dial peer that services a variable-length
dial plan, for local, national, and international calls. It can also be used as a
default destination pattern so that any calls that do not match a more specific
pattern will match this pattern and can be directed to an operator.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Voice Port Configuration

2-77

Matching Inbound Dial Peers

Thistopicdescribeshowtheroutermatchesinbounddialpeers.

Matching Inbound Dial Peers

Configurable parameters used for matching inbound dial
peers:
incoming called-number: Defines the called number or DNIS
string
answer-address: Defines the originating calling number or ANI
string
destination-pattern: Uses the calling number (originating or ANI
string) to match the incoming call leg to an inbound dial peer
Port: Attempts to match the configured dial-peer port to the voice
port that is associated with the incoming call (POTS dial peers
only)

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-11

Whenyouaredetermininghowinbounddialpeersarematchedonarouter,itisimportantto
notewhethertheinboundcalllegismatchedtoaPOTSorVoIPdialpeer.Matchingoccursin
thefollowingmanner:

InboundPOTSdialpeersareassociatedwiththeincomingPOTScalllegsofthe
originatingrouterorgateway.

InboundVoIPdialpeersareassociatedwiththeincomingVoIPcalllegsoftheterminating
routerorgateway.

Threeinformationelementssentinthecallsetupmessagearematchedagainstfour
configurabledialpeercommandattributes.Thosethreeelementsarelistedinthetable.
Call Setup Information Elements

2-78

Call Setup Element

Description

Called number Dialed

Number Identification Service
(DNIS)

This is the call destination dial string, and it is derived from the ISDN
setup message or channel associated signaling the DNIS.

Calling number Automatic

Number Identification (ANI)

This is a number string that represents the origin, and it is derived

from the ISDN setup message or channel associated signaling (CAS)
ANI. The ANI is also referred to as the calling line ID (CLID).

Voice port

This represents the POTS physical voice port.

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

WhentheCiscoIOSrouterorgatewayreceivesacallsetuprequest,itlooksforadialpeer
matchfortheincomingcall.Thisisnotdigitbydigitmatching.Instead,therouterusesthefull
digitstringreceivedinthesetuprequestformatchingagainsttheconfigureddialpeers.
Therouterorgatewaymatchescallsetupelementparametersintheorderlistedhere.
1. Therouterorgatewayattemptstomatchthecallednumberofthecallsetuprequestwith
theconfiguredincomingcallednumberparameterofeachdialpeer.
2. Ifamatchisnotfound,therouterorgatewayattemptstomatchthecallingnumberofthe
callsetuprequestwiththeansweraddressparameterofeachdialpeer.
3. Ifamatchisnotfound,therouterorgatewayattemptstomatchthecallingnumberofthe
callsetuprequesttothedestinationpatternparameterofeachdialpeer.
4. Thevoiceportusesthevoiceportnumberassociatedwiththeincomingcallsetuprequest
tomatchtheinboundcalllegtotheconfigureddialpeerportparameter.
5. Ifmultipledialpeershavethesameportconfigured,therouterorgatewaymatchesthefirst
dialpeeraddedtotheconfiguration.
6. Ifamatchisnotfoundintheprevioussteps,thedefaultisdialpeer0.
BecausecallsetupsalwaysincludeDNISinformation,itisrecommendedthatyouusethe
incomingcallednumbercommandforinbounddialpeermatching.Configuringincoming
callednumbercommandisusefulforacompanythathasacentralcallcenterthatprovides
supportforanumberofdifferentproducts.Purchasersofeachproductgetauniquetollfree
numbertocallforsupport.Allsupportcallsareroutedtothesametrunkgroupdestinedforthe
callcenter.Whenacallcomesin,thecomputertelephonysystemusestheDNIStoflashthe
appropriatemessageonthecomputerscreenoftheagenttowhomthecallisrouted.Theagent
willthenknowhowtocustomizethegreetingwhenansweringthecall.
ThecallingnumberANIwithansweraddresscommandisusefulwhenyouwanttomatch
callsbasedontheoriginatingcallingnumber.Forexample,whenacompanyhasinternational
customerswhorequireforeignlanguagespeakingagentstoanswerthecall,thecallcanbe
routedtotheappropriateagentbasedonthecountryofcallorigin.
YoumustusethecallingnumberANIwiththedestinationpatterncommandwhenthedial
peersaresetupfortwowaycalling.Inacorporateenvironment,theheadofficeandtheremote
sitesmustbeconnected.AslongaseachsitehasaVoIPdialpeerconfiguredtopointtoeach
site,inboundcallsfromtheremotesitewillmatchagainstthatdialpeer.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Voice Port Configuration

2-79

Matching Outbound Dial Peers

Thistopicdescribeshowtheroutermatchesoutbounddialpeers.

Matching Outbound Dial Peers

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-13

Outbounddialpeermatchingiscompletedonadigitbydigitbasis.Therefore,therouteror
gatewaychecksfordialpeermatchesafterreceivingeachdigitandthenroutesthecallwhena
fullmatchismade.
Therouterorgatewaymatchesoutbounddialpeersintheorderlistedasfollows:
1. Therouterorgatewayusesthedialpeerdestinationpatterncommandtodeterminewhich
dialpeerwillbeusedtoroutethecall.
2. Thedialpeerconfigurationwillthendeterminewheretoforwardthecallusingoneofthe
followingconfigurationcommands:

POTSdialpeersusetheportcommand.

VoIPdialpeersusethesessiontargetcommand.

3. Usetheshowdialplannumberstringcommandtodeterminewhichdialpeerismatched
toaspecificdialedstring.Thiscommanddisplaysallmatchingdialpeersintheorderthat
theyareused.

Matching Outbound Dial Peers Example

Inthediagramabove,dialpeer1matchesanydigitstringthatdoesnotmatchtheotherdial
peersmorespecifically.Dialpeer2matchesanysevendigitnumberinthe30and40rangeof
numbersstartingwith55501.Dialpeer3matchesanysevendigitnumberinthe20rangeof
numbersstartingwith555012.Dialpeer4matchesthespecificnumber5550124only.When
thenumber5550124isdialed,dialpeers1,3,and4allmatchthatnumber,butdialpeer4
placesthatcallbecauseitcontainsthemostspecificdestinationpattern.
2-80

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Summary
Thistopicsummarizesthekeypointsthatwerediscussedinthislesson.

Summary
Dial peers are used to identify call source and destination
endpoints and to define the characteristics that are applied to
each call leg in the call connection.
A voice call consists of two call legs per voice router.
A dial peer is an addressable call endpoint.
POTS dial peers retain the characteristics of a traditional
telephony network connection.
Voice-network dial peers are components on an IP network.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CVOICE v6.02-14

Summary (Cont.)
When a matching inbound dial peer is not found, the router
resorts to the default dial peer.
The destination pattern associates a telephone number with a
given dial peer.
When you are determining how inbound dial peers are matched
on a router, it is important to note whether the inbound call leg is
matched to a POTS or VoIP dial peer.
Outbound dial-peer matching is completed on a digit-by-digit
basis.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

CVOICE v6.02-15

Voice Port Configuration

2-81

Lesson Self-Check
Usethequestionsheretoreviewwhatyoulearnedinthislesson.Thecorrectanswersand
solutionsarefoundintheLessonSelfCheckAnswerKey.
Q1)

Howmanyinboundcalllegsareassociatedwithanestablishedendtoendcall?
Relates to: Dial Peers and Call Legs

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q2)

one
two
three
four

Whichdialpeersshouldyouconfiguretocompleteanendtoendcall?
Relates to: Dial Peers and Call Legs

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q3)

theinbounddialpeersonly
theoutbounddialpeersonly
oneinbounddialpeerandoneoutbounddialpeer
allfourdialpeers

Arrangethestepsinthecallsetupprocessinthecorrectorder.
Relates to: End-to-End Calls

2-82

_____1.

Router2createstheinboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacall
ID.

_____2.

ThePOTScallarrivesatrouter1,andaninboundPOTSdialpeeris
matched.

_____3.

Router1createsanoutboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacall
ID.

_____4.

Router1createsaninboundPOTScalllegandassignsitacallID.

_____5.

Thevoicenetworkcallrequestarrivesatrouter2andaninboundvoice
networkdialpeerismatched.

_____6.

Router2createsanoutboundPOTScalllegandassignsitacallID.

_____7.

Router2usesthedialedstringtomatchanoutboundPOTSdialpeer.

_____8.

Atthispoint,bothrouter1androuter2negotiatevoicenetwork
capabilitiesandapplications,ifrequired.

_____9.

Router1usesthedialedstringtomatchanoutboundvoicenetworkdial
peer.

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Q4)

Whatistheroleoftheterminatingrouteriftheoriginatingrouterrequestsnondefault
voicecapabilities?
Relates to: End-to-End Calls

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q5)

Theterminatingrouternegotiateswiththeoriginatingrouteruntilthedefault
capabilitiesareaccepted.
Theterminatingrouterreconfigurestheportstomeettherequestedcapabilities.
Theterminatingroutermatchesaninboundvoicenetworkdialpeerthathasthe
requestedcapabilities.
Theterminatingrouterterminatesthecall.

WhichtwofunctionsareperformedbyaPOTSdialpeer?(Choosetwo.)
Relates to: Types of Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Q6)

providinganaddressfortheedgenetworkordevice
providingadestinationaddressfortheedgedevicethatislocatedacrossthe
network
routingthecallacrossthenetwork
identifyingthespecificvoiceportthatconnectstheedgenetworkordevice
associatingthedestinationaddresswiththenexthoprouterordestination
router,dependingonthetechnologyused

Whatdowecalltheaddressisthatisconfiguredoneachdialpeer?
Relates to: Types of Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q7)

telephonenumber
numberrange
destinationpattern
callendpoint

Whichtwoparametersmustbespecifiedonarouterthatisconnectedtoatelephone?
(Choosetwo.)
Relates to: Configuring POTS Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Q8)

voiceport
dialtype
callingplan
telephonenumber
ds0group

OnwhichrouterorroutersmustyouconfigureaPOTSdialpeer?
Relates to: Configuring POTS Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q9)

oneinboundrouteronthenetwork
oneoutboundrouteronthenetwork
oneinboundandoneoutboundrouteronthenetwork
eachrouterwhereedgetelephonydevicesconnecttothenetwork

Whichcommandisusedtospecifytheaddressoftheterminatingrouterorgateway?
Relates to: Configuring VoIP Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

destinationport
destinationpattern
sessiontarget
destinationaddress
dialpeerterminal
Voice Port Configuration

2-83

Q10)

Whyshouldtheloopbackaddressbeusedinthesessiontargetcommand?
Relates to: Configuring VoIP Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q11)

Thecallfailsiftheinterfacegoesdown.
Theinterfacewillnevershutdown.
Thecallwilluseanalternatepathiftheinterfaceshutsdown.
Thecallwillneverfailaslongastherouterisoperating.

Whatdoesaplus(+)signbeforethetelephonenumberindicate?
Relates to: Configuring Destination-Pattern Options

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q12)

ThetelephonenumbermustconformtoITUTRecommendationE.164.
Thenumberisanextensionofatelephonenumber.
Anadditionaldigitmustbedialedbeforethetelephonenumber.
Thetelephonenumbercanvaryinlength.

Whichspecialcharacterinadestinationpatternstringisusedasawildcard?
Relates to: Configuring Destination-Pattern Options

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Q13)

asterisk(*)
poundsign(#)
comma(,)
period(.)
brackets([])

Whathappenswhennomatchingdialpeerisfoundforanoutboundcall?
Relates to: Default Dial Peer

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q14)

Thedefaultdialpeerisused.
Dialpeer0isused.
ThePOTSdialpeerisused.
Thecallisdropped.

WhichfourcommandsareusedtoconfigurethedefaultdialpeerforinboundVoIP
dialpeers?(Choosefour.)
Relates to: Default Dial Peer

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
Q15)

anycodec
noivrapplication
vadenabled
norsvpsupport
ipprecedence0
destinationpattern.T
defaultvoiceport

WhichparameterisconfiguredonlyforPOTSdialpeers?
Relates to: Matching Inbound Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q16)

2-84

answeraddress
destinationpattern
incomingcallednumber
port

Whatisthesequencethattherouteruseswhenitismatchingthecallednumberinthe
callsetuprequesttoadialpeerattribute?

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Relates to: Matching Inbound Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)
Q17)

answeraddress
destinationpattern
incomingcallednumber
port

Matchthedialednumbertoitsmostspecificdialpeer.
Relates to: Matching Outbound Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Q18)

5551234
5553000
5553216
5554123

_____1.

dialpeervoice1pots
destinationpattern.T
port1/0:1

_____2.

dialpeervoice2pots
destinationpattern555[02,5]
port1/1/0

_____3.

dialpeervoice1pots
destinationpattern5553
port1/0:1

_____4.

dialpeervoice1pots
destinationpattern5553216
port1/0.1

WhentherouterfindsamatchingoutboundVoIPdialpeer,whichcommand
determineswheretoforwardthecall?
Relates to: Matching Outbound Dial Peers

A)
B)
C)
D)

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

destinationpattern
port
sessiontarget
dialplannumber

Voice Port Configuration

2-85

Lesson Self-Check Answer Key

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

2-86

Step 1

ThePOTScallarrivesatrouter1,andaninboundPOTSdialpeerismatched.(2.)

Step 2

Router1createsaninboundPOTScalllegandassignsitacallID.(4.)

Step 3

Router1usesthedialedstringtomatchanoutboundvoicenetworkdialpeer.(9.)

Step 4

Router1createsanoutboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacallID.(3.)

Step 5

Thevoicenetworkcallrequestarrivesatrouter2andaninboundvoicenetworkdialpeeris
matched.(5.)

Step 6

Router2createstheinboundvoicenetworkcalllegandassignsitacallID.(1.)

Step 7

Atthispoint,bothrouter1androuter2negotiatevoicenetworkcapabilitiesandapplications,
ifrequired.(8.)

Step 8

Router2usesthedialedstringtomatchanoutboundPOTSdialpeer.(7.)

Step 9

Router2createsanoutboundPOTScalllegandassignsitacallID.(6.)

Q4)

Q5)

A,D

Q6)

Q7)

A,D

Q8)

Q9)

Q10)

Q11)

Q12)

Q13)

Q14)

A,C,D,E

Q15)

Q16)

1.incomingcallednumber
2.answeraddress
3.destinationpattern
4.port

Q17)

1D,2A,3B,4C

Q18)

Cisco Voice over IP (CVOICE) v6.0

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.