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Hydraulics
COURSE OBJECTIVES
During this course you will get the necessary knowledge
about the following :
COURSE OUTLINES
Basic Concepts
What
Basic Concepts
Hydraulics
Basic Concepts
Force
= Pressure x Area
Basic Concepts
To
PStdpipe=PSurf.Eq.+PDrill String+PMWD/Motor+PBit+PAnnulus
Pressure Losses
Surface Equipment
Standpipe
Kelly Hose
Swivel
Kelly
Drill String
Pipe
Collars
BHA
Motor/Turbine/MWD/LWD
Bit Nozzles
Annulus
18
NSA DEC
Lets
Run an experiment.
Plot
Rotational Viscometer
Hydraulics Model
This curve is
Not possible from
Practical point of
View on the rig
Site.
Bingham, Power
Law Models
Solve this
equation
300
600
Hydraulics Model
The
Hydraulics Model
Newtonian
Hydraulics Model
Non-Newtonian
Why?
f P
V
ab = bf and cb = bd then
ac = df this is Plastic Viscosity
ag = df = ac
Then;
Y
P
PV = T600 T300
YP = T300 - PV
300 RPM
600 RPM
Shear Rate
Shear Stress
fluid shear stress is a function
of shear rate
Shear Stress, (lb/100
ft2
Drilling
300
Shear Rate,
(rpm)
600
Yield Point
Related
Gel Strength
Measure
kn
Which Rheological
Model to Use?
Plot
The
If
Which Rheological
Model to Use?
If
If
20
Hydraulics Applications
Standpipe Pressure
Surface Equipment
Pressure Losses
Case
Stand Pipe
Hose
Swivel
Kelly
Length
(Ft.)
ID
(In.)
Length
(Ft.)
ID
(In.)
Length
(Ft.)
ID
(In.)
Length
(Ft.)
ID
(In.)
40
3.0
45
2.0
2.0
40
2.25
40
3.5
55
2.5
2.5
40
3.00
45
4.0
55
3.0
2.5
40
3.25
45
4.0
55
3.0
3.0
40
4.0
Case 1
Smallest land
rigs
Case 2
Most land rigs
Case 3
Most Offshore
rigs
Case 4
Deep-water
rigs/floaters
User Specified
Pressure
loss in surface
connections Psc depends on pipe
geometry, surface drilling fluid
density s, and flow rate Q. use
the appropriate proportionality
constant Csc from below table.
Annular velocity =
1029.4 x pump out put (bbl/min)
Hole ID 2 Pipe OD 2
Calculation
is a complex method
Bit Hydraulics
HHP
Bit Hydraulics
Bit Hydraulics
Hydraulics Optimization
HHP
Theory
States that efficiency depends upon the
work (HHP) performed by Fluid.
Maintain 65% pressure Loss @ bit
Impact Theory
States that efficient removal of cuttings
depends upon force with which the fluid
hits the bottom
Maintain 48% pressure Loss @ bit
Hydraulics Optimization
Jet
selection
Graphical Method
When
Swab/surge pressures
Swab pressure
Surge pressure
Pressure Change,
psi
500
400
300
200
100
100
200
300
c
a
0
Time
Cases to consider:
Bit
large nozzle sizes
Open
ended pipe
where,
Va = mean annular
velocity
vP = drillpipe velocity
d1 = pipe OD
d = pipe ID
d2 = casing / openhole ID
Swab&&Surge
SurgeHydraulics
HydraulicsReview
Review
Swab
Since swab and surge pressures are developed by fluid flow, the
V a
d 12 v p
d 2 d 2
1
2
vp
Va
2
1000 d 2 d1
where,
= viscocity, cp
MD = measured depth
MD
Pipe Speed
velocity maximum
circulating rate
The circulating rate in gallons per
minute to produce the annular velocity
caused by movement of the drill string
into or out of the borehole
dp
Vs 138
Fd
( p mud ) d p2
Wp
Vs
Fb
Fd W p Fb
Fd = Viscous Drag
Wp = Particle Weight
Fb = Buoyant Force
d p p mud
Vs 189
.
CD mud
Vs = Slip Velocity (ft/min)
P=
mud =
Slip Velocity
K=
N= Flow Index
s=
f=
Influence
on cuttings
transport
Low
Drillpipe
eccentricity
Cuttings
density
Mud
weight
Mud
rheology
Hole
geometry
Flow
Rate
ROP
RPM
Cuttings
size
Low
Ability to control
High
Dial Reading
Degree
2.0
3.3
13
22
30
50