Forthesystem2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g),HisnegativefortheproductionofSO3.

Assumethatonehasanequilibrium
mixtureofthesesubstances.Predicttheeffectofeachofthefollowingchangesonthevalueoftheequilibriumconstantand
onthenumberofmolesofSO3presentinthemixtureatequilibrium.Brieflyaccountforeachofyourpredictions.(Assume
thatineachcaseallotherfactorsremainconstant.)
Decreasingthevolumeofthesystem.
(a)
Answer:Asvolumedecreases,pressureincreasesandthereactionshiftsinthedirectionoffewermolecules(lessvolume
moreSO3)torelievethestress.ValueofKeqdoesnotchange.

(b)
Addingoxygentotheequilibriummixture.
Answer:AdditionalO2disturbstheequilibriumandSO3isformedtorelievethestress.ValueofKeqdoesnotchange.

(c)
Raisingthetemperatureofthesystem.
Answer:Increaseintemperatureshiftsthereactiontothelefttouseupsomeoftheaddedheat.LessSO3remains.Valueof
Keqdecreasesduetotherelativegreaterincreaseintherateoftheendothermicreaction(reactiontotheleft).

NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g)
H=+93kilojoules
TheequilibriumaboveisestablishedbyplacingsolidNH4HSinanevacuatedcontainerat25C.Atequilibrium,somesolid
NH4HSremainsinthecontainer.Predictandexplaineachofthefollowing.
TheeffectontheequilibriumpartialpressureofNH3gaswhenadditionalsolidNH4HSisintroducedintothecontainer
(a)
Answer:TheequilibriumpressureofNH3gaswouldbeunaffected.KP=(PNH3)(PH2S).ThustheamountofsolidNH4HS
presentdoesnotaffecttheequilibrium.

(b)
TheeffectontheequilibriumpartialpressureofNH3gaswhenadditionalsolidH2Sisintroducedintothecontainer
Answer:TheequilibriumpressureofNH3gaswoulddecrease.Inorderforthepressureequilibriumconstant,KP,toremain
constant,theequilibriumpressureofNH3mustdecreasewhenthepressureofH2Sisincreased.KP=(PNH3)(PH2S).(A
completeexplanationbasedonLeChateliersprincipleisalsoacceptable.)

(c)
TheeffectonthemassofsolidNH4HSpresentwhenthevolumeofthecontainerisdecreased
Answer:ThemassofNH4HSincreases.Adecreaseinvolumecausesthepressureofeachgastoincrease.Tomaintainthe
valueofthepressureequilibriumconstant,Kp,thepressureofeachofthegasesmustdecrease.Thedecreaseisrealizedbythe
formationofmoresolidNH4HS.Kp=(PNH3)(PH2S).(AcompleteexplanationbasedonLeChateliersprincipleisalso
acceptable.)

(d)
TheeffectonthemassofsolidNH4HSpresentwhenthetemperatureisincreased.
Answer:ThemassofNH4HSdecreasesbecausetheendothermicreactionabsorbsheatandgoesnearertocompletion(tothe
right)asthetemperatureincreases.

CO2(g)+H2(g)H2O(g)+CO(g)
WhenH2(g)ismixedwithCO2(g)at2,000K,equilibriumisachievedaccordingtotheequationabove.Inoneexperiment,thefollowingequilibrium
concentrationsweremeasured.
[H2]
=0.20mol/L
[CO2] =0.30mol/L
[H2O]=[CO]
=0.55mol/L
(a)
WhatisthemolefractionofCO(g)intheequilibriummixture?
Answer:CO==0.34

(b)
Usingtheequilibriumconcentrationsgivenabove,calculatethevalueofKc,theequilibriumconstantforthereaction.
Answer:Kc==5.04

(c)
DetermineKpintermsofKcforthissystem.
Answer:sincen=0,Kc=Kp

(d)
Whenthesystemiscooledfrom2,000Ktoalowertemperature,30.0percentoftheCO(g)isconvertedbacktoCO2(g).CalculatethevalueofKc
atthislowertemperature.
Answer:[CO]=0.5530.0%=0.550.165=0.385M
[H2O] =0.550.165=0.385M

[H2]

=0.20+0.165=0.365M

[CO2]

=0.30+0.165=0.465M

K=(0.385)2/(0.3650.465)=0.87
(e)
Inadifferentexperiment,0.50moleofH2(g)ismixedwith0.50moleofCO2(g)ina3.0literreactionvesselat2,000K.Calculatetheequilibrium
concentration,inmolesperliter,ofCO(g)atthistemperature.

Answer:
letX=[H2]toreachequilibrium

[H2]=0.50mol/3.0LX=0.167X

[CO2]=0.50mol/3.0LX=0.167X

[CO]=+X[H2O]=+X

K=X2/(0.167X)2=5.04X=[CO]=0.12M

Considerthereaction2HF(g)H2(g)+F2(g)K=1.0x102
Inanexperiment,5.00molofHF,0.500molofH2,and0.750molofF2aremixedina5.00
Lflaskandallowedtoreacttoequilibrium.WhataretheequilibriumconcentrationsofHF,
H2,andF2?

2HF(g)H2(g)+F2(g)