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Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Sound is a
Mechanical
Wave
Sound is a
Longitudinal
Wave
Sound is a
Pressure
Wave
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
NEXT >>
home | about | credits | feedback
2001 The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Education and
Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Sound is a
Mechanical
Wave
Sound is a
Longitudinal
Wave
Sound is a
Pressure
Wave
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Sound is a
Mechanical
Wave
Sound is a
Longitudinal
Wave
Sound is a
Pressure
Wave
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Pitch and
Frequency
Intensity
and the
Decibel
Scale
The Speed
of Sound
The
Human Ear
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Frequency
Ratio
Examples
Octave
2:1
512 Hz and
256 Hz
Third
5:4
320 Hz and
256 Hz
Fourth
4:3
342 Hz and
256 Hz
Fifth
3:2
384 Hz and
256 Hz
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Pitch and
Frequency
Intensity
and the
Decibel
Scale
The Speed
of Sound
The
Human Ear
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Intensity
160 units
40 units
17.8 units
10 units
Page 4
Source
Intensity
Threshold of
Hearing
(TOH)
1*10-12
W/m2
Rustling
Leaves
1*10-11
W/m2
1*10-10
W/m2
Whisper
Intensity
Level
#
Times
Greater
Than
TOH
0 dB
100
10 dB
101
20 dB
102
Normal
Conversation
1*10-6
W/m2
60 dB
106
Busy Street
Traffic
1*10-5
W/m2
70 dB
107
Page 5
Vacuum
Cleaner
Large
Orchestra
1*10-4
W/m2
6.3*10-3
W/m2
Walkman at
Maximum
Level
1*10-2
W/m2
100 dB
1010
Front Rows of
Rock Concert
1*10-1
W/m2
110 dB
1011
130 dB
1013
140 dB
1014
160 dB
1016
Threshold of 1*101 W/
Pain
m2
Military Jet 1*102 W/
Takeoff
m2
Instant
1*104 W/
Perforation of
m2
Eardrum
80 dB
108
98 dB
109.8
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Pitch and
Frequency
Intensity
and the
Decibel
Scale
The Speed
of Sound
The
Human Ear
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Pitch and
Frequency
Intensity
and the
Decibel
Scale
The Speed
of Sound
The
Human Ear
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Interference
and Beats
The Doppler
Effect and
Shock
Waves
Boundary
Behavior
Reflection,
Refraction,
and
Diffraction
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Interference
and Beats
The Doppler
Effect and
Shock
Waves
Boundary
Behavior
Reflection,
Refraction,
and
Diffraction
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
NEXT >>
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Interference
and Beats
The Doppler
Effect and
Shock
Waves
Boundary
Behavior
Reflection,
Refraction,
and
Diffraction
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
NEXT >>
home | about | credits | feedback
2001 The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Education and
Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Interference
and Beats
The Doppler
Effect and
Shock
Waves
Boundary
Behavior
Reflection,
Refraction,
and
Diffraction
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Go to Lesson 4
home | about | credits | feedback
2001 The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Education and
Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Natural
Frequency
Forced
Vibration
Standing
Wave
Patterns
Fundamental
Frequency
and
Harmonics
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
NEXT >>
home | about | credits | feedback
2001 The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Education and
Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Natural
Frequency
Forced
Vibration
Standing
Wave
Patterns
Fundamental
Frequency
and
Harmonics
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Another classroom
demonstration of resonance
involved a plastic tube which
was raised an lowered in a
cylinder of water until the
vibrations of the air inside of
the tube was tuned to the
vibrations of a tuning fork. By
raising and lowering the
plastic tube, the natural
frequency at which air inside
of the tube could vibrate was
modified. If the tube is raised, thus
increasing the length of the air column
inside of the tube, the natural frequency of
the air column is decreased. Conversely, if
the tube is lowered into the water, thus
decreasing the length of the air column
inside of the tube, the natural frequency of
the air column is increased. (Again note the
length-wavelength-frequency relationship
that was discussed earlier.) While the
raising and lowering of the tube into and
out of the cylinder is being carried on, a
vibrating tuning fork is held above the air
column. When the natural frequency of the
air column is tuned to the frequency of the
vibrating tuning fork, resonance occurs and
a loud sound results. The vibrating tuning
fork forces air particles within the air
column into vibrational motion. Once more
in this resonance situation, the tuning fork
and the air column share the same
vibrational frequency.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Natural
Frequency
Forced
Vibration
Standing
Wave
Patterns
Fundamental
Frequency
and
Harmonics
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
1st
Harmonic
2nd
Harmonic
3rd
Harmonic
NEXT >>
home | about | credits | feedback
2001 The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Education and
Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Natural
Frequency
Forced
Vibration
Standing
Wave
Patterns
Fundamental
Frequency
and
Harmonics
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
1/2
Wavelength =
(2/1)*L
1 or 2/
2
Wavelength =
(2/2)*L
3/2
Wavelength =
(2/3)*L
2 or 4/
2
Wavelength =
(2/4)*L
5/2
Wavelength =
(2/5)*L
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
400
1.60
640
1/1
800
0.800
640
1/2
1200
0.533
640
1/3
1600
0.400
640
1/4
2000
0.320
640
1/5
n*
400
(2/
n)*(0.800)
640
1/n
Page 8
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Find: Diagram:
f1 = ??
L = 76.5 cm = 0.765 m
The problem statement asks us to
determine the frequency (f) value. From
Page 3
Page 4
Find:
v = 405 m/s
L = ??
Diagram:
f1 = 256 Hz
The problem statement asks us to
determine the length of the guitar string.
From the graphic above, the only means of
finding the length of the string is from
knowledge of the wavelength. But the
wavelength is not known. However, the
frequency and speed are given, so one can
Page 5
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Physics
Tutorial
Sound Waves
and Music
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4