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b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
4. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR
affirmative action?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is a color-blind policy.
5. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument
AGAINST affirmative action?
a.
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
8. Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who
decides when such behavior is inappropriate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
10. In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation
Agency, that
a.
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
12. When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black menall of them
articulate and conventionally dressedto apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and
Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
a.
b.
c.
d.
13. What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance
ratings or even prior disciplinary history?
a.
race
b.
sexual
orientati
on
c.
age
d.
gender
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
16. Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of
affirmative action but also find that _______________ benefits when they make
themselves more diverse?
a.
c.
b.
d.
the managers
17. Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will lead to illegal quotas,
preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse
discrimination against white men?
a.
affirmative action
c.
sexual harassment
b.
sexual diversity
d.
age discrimination
18. Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?
a.
over 12,000
c.
over 25,000
annually.
b.
annually.
over 15,000
annually.
d.
over 50,000
annually.
b.
c.
d.
20. To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual
harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
a.
reasonable person
c.
hysterical person
b.
sensual person
d.
management person
21. One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
a.
assets.
b.
equals.
c.
high
potential
s.
d.
playthin
gs.
b.
c.
d.
23. According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to
provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?
a.
legal
b.
moral
c.
environ
mental
d.
personal
24. Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?
a.
b.
c.
d.
25. Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
a.
job
perform
ance.
b.
job
discrimi
nation.
c.
job
analysis.
d.
job
descripti
on.
TRUE/FALSE
1. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex,
religion, or national origin.
2. Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is
one of them.
3. The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment
and is therefore illegal.
4. To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or
job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.
5. The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the
University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its
medical school for minorities.
6. The terms "affirmative action" and "reverse discrimination" are synonymous.
7. Kantians would repudiate sexual or racial job discrimination as disrespectful to our
humanity.
8. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at
work until overturned by the Supreme Court.
9. "Affirmative action" refers to programs taking the race and sex of employees and job
candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that
exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger
society.
10. The issue of comparable worth pits against each other two cherished American values:
the ethic of nondiscrimination verses the free enterprise system.
11. The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.
12. Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on
someone who is not in a position to refuse it.
13. An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual
harassment.
14. According to the Supreme Court, men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.
15. The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.
16. The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement,
the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.
17. Job discrimination involves prejudice, inaccurate stereotypes, or the assumption that a
certain group is inferior and deserves unequal treatment.
18. Some companies view diversity in the workplace as a competitive advantage.
19. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with
twenty five or more employees.
20. Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should make rigid quotas to
ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or
national origin.
21. Women entering male turf, or minority workers of either sex going into a
predominantly white work environment, can find themselves uncomfortably being
measured by a white male value system.
22. Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.
23. A survey shows that three out of four whites believe that African Americans and
Hispanics are more likely than whites to prefer living on welfare, and a majority of
whites also believe that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be lazy,
unpatriotic, and prone to violence.
24. Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.
25. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion,
or national origin.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Job discrimination occurs if three conditions are met. What are they?
2. Job discrimination can be individual or intentional. What are two other forms that job
discrimination can take?
3. What is some of the statistical evidence of job discrimination?
5. What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education?
6. What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?
14. What steps should a male or female employee take when encountering sexual
harassment?
ESSAY
1. Explain in your own words the pros and cons of the against affirmative action that
affirmative action injures white men and violates their rights.
4. Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between men and
women in the workplace? Produce the reasoning on both sides of the argument.