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Synchronizer
1 Synchronizer
Synchronizing relays are used to assist:
CLOSE ENABLE
Synchronizing relays are also used in switching operations to link two parts of a
system which are already synchronously connected via other paths in the
system.
1.1 Application:
Connecting a Generator to the Grid
When connecting a generator to the network, the synchronizing relay has to
control starting up the generator and switching it onto the network at the right
point in time.
The relay commonly used for this duty gives a three-fold check:
1. phase angle difference,
2. voltage difference and
3. frequency difference.
The relay sends a close signal to the breaker when all of the values fall within
the set limits and maintain these values for a user-defined period of time. If any
of the conditions are not met, some synchronizing relays use adjustment
commands which are sent to the valve actuators of the generators in an attempt
to achieve the proper conditions. In other cases where the conditions are not
met, the relay provides a fault signal.
1.2 Example:
ELIN SYN3000 Digital Synchronizing Relay
Sample files:
SYN3000_function.snc
SYN3000_adjustment.snc
SYN3000-CMC256.ohc
SYN3000.rio
Stored at: ...OMICRON Test Universe installation path\
Test Library\Samples\SW Manual Examples\Advanced Protection
Figure 1-2 shows a simple wiring diagram of how the ELIN SYN3000 Digital
Synchronizing relay might be employed to connect a generator to the power
grid. In this particular example, only one phase of the network power grid is used
as the reference. The reference phase is compared to a phase of the generator.
Synchronizer
Figure 1-2:
Example of connecting
a generator to the power
grid
The SYN3000 relay for this example is running in the mode for Generator to Bus
Bar or Power Line.
Table 1-1:
SYN3000 Relay
Settings
Relay Settings
SYS1: Maximum Synchronization
V1max = 110 V
V1min = 90 V
+dVmax = 6 V
-dVmax = 5 V
+dfmax = 0.25 Hz
-dfmax = 0.25 Hz
PHImax = 3
tCB-comp = 100 ms
Voltage adaption
kv2 = 200 ms
1.2.1
Figure 1-3:
Simulation of
connecting a generator
to the power grid using
the CMC 256
One of the three CMC 256 voltage outputs represents the voltage phase
of the network power grid, a second one the voltage phase of the
generator.
Binary Output 1 is used for the SEL1 (Start and Release) control signal of
the relay, telling it when to attempt synchronization and when to stop.
Four of the CMC 256 binary inputs (inputs 1-4) monitor the adjustment
control signals from the relay to the generator for increasing/decreasing
the voltage or frequency of the generator.
A fifth CMC 256 binary input (input 5) monitors the circuit breaker (CB)
close command from the relay.
The CMC 256 also provides an Auxiliary DC voltage which can be used
to power the relay.
Synchronizer
Note: Figure 1-3 does not show the computer or laptop that is connected to the
CMC 256 and runs the Synchronizer test module. Make sure that this is also
attached to the CMC 256 while wiring the relay.
1.2.2
Starting Synchronizer
Start Synchronizer in stand-alone mode from the OMICRON Start Page by
clicking S Y N C H R O N I Z E R .
1.2.3
Table 1-2:
Test object device
settings for the
SYN3000
Device Settings
Name
SYN3000
Manufacturer
VA TECH ELIN
Device type
Digital Synchronizer
Serial/model number
920212
Number of phases:
f nom
50 Hz
V nom
100 V (L-L)
2. Enter the system parameters for the ELIN SYN3000 relay as shown in
figure 1-4 and table 1-3. Figure 1-4 shows the standard page for the system
parameters.
Figure 1-4:
Standard page for the
system parameters in
the test object
parameters dialog
Table 1-3:
Data for the test object
system parameters
Synchronizing Parameters
System 1
Rotation sense
A-B-C
Connected voltages
A-B
System 2
Rotation sense
A-B-C
Connected voltages
A-B
Settings
CB Closing Time
(from Test Object block "CB Configuration")
100.0 ms
0.00
Start/Release
Continuous
3. Enter the parameters for the synchronizing window for the ELIN SYN3000
relay as shown in figure 1-5 and table 1-4. Figure 1-5 shows the standard
page for the synchronizing window.
Synchronizer
Figure 1-5:
Standard page for the
synchronizing window
in the test object
parameters dialog
Table 1-4:
Data for the test object
synchronizing window
Synchronizing Window
| f max |
30 mHz
V>
6V
Phi ()
f<
-250 mHz
f>
250 mHz
| f min|
30 mHz
V<
-5 V
3%
Absolute
0.6
f tolerances: Relative
3%
Absolute
3 mHz
V tolerances: Relative
3%
Absolute
60 mV
1.25 s
5%
1.2.4
Assign "S1 V L1-L2" for the system 1 A-B phase voltage and "S2 V L1L2" for the respective system 2 A-B phase voltage.
The connection terminal on the relay can be specified in the third column.
Assign the crosses in the column for "S1 V L1-L2" and "S2 V L1-L2" to
specify which outputs of the CMC 256 are connected to which terminal of
the relay.
Figure 1-6:
Analog Outputs tab of
hardware configuration
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Define the displayed names for the voltage signals. Assign "V<", "V>",
"f<", "f>", and "Close Cmd" for the signals coming from the relay.
The connection terminal on the relay can be specified in the third column.
Assign the crosses in the column for "V<", "V>", "f<", "f>", and "Close
Cmd" to specify which outputs of the CMC 256 are connected to which
terminals of the relay.
Synchronizer
Figure 1-7:
Binary / Analog Inputs
tab of the hardware
configuration
5. On the Binary Outputs tab (figure 1-8) configure output 1 for the SEL1
control signal of the relay.
Figure 1-8:
Binary Outputs tab of
the hardware
configuration
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1.2.5
1.2.6
Figure 1-9:
Settings tab for
Synchronizer
2. Enter appropriate values for the SYN3000 relay for the pre-synchronization
time, the post-synchronization time, the maximum synchronization time, and
the delay time between test points.
The minimum post-synchronization time is defaulted to the CB closing time,
which was configured as part of the test object.
Table 1-5:
Time settings
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Time Parameters
Pre-sync
1.000 s
Post-sync
100.0 ms
Max-sync
60.00 s
Delay
200.0 ms
Synchronizer
The values entered in the Settings tab determine how long it will take to test a
single test point. If synchronization is achieved between the two systems, the
total test time for a test point is:
Synchronized:
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1.2.7
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Synchronizer
1. Enter the information into the respective text boxes for V, f, Phi (),
or V, f, Phi (), or a combination of the two.
V, f, Phi ():
V, f, Phi ():
Relative:
Once the information for a test point is acceptable, click the A D D button.
2. Position the mouse pointer in the synchronization graph (to the right).
Right-click at a point to obtain a context menu. One of the items allows
you to add that test point to the test table.
3. <Ctrl> + left-click adds a point to the table immediately.
The test table has a context sensitive menu that is accessible with a right mouse
click. An important feature is being able to show or hide columns to help control
how much information is displayed to the person testing.
The synchronization graph also has a context sensitive menu that is accessible
with a right mouse click. It allows you to select points for the test table, test points
directly, and to zoom in the various areas. It can also be used to display grid lines
to aid in test point selection.
T EST AT
A DD T ESTPOINT
Z OOM I N
Z OOM O UT
Z OOM M ODE
Z OOM ALL
SHOW GRID
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Synchronizer
Figure 1-11:
Synchronization graph
for FunctionTest in
Synchronizer
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After outputting the appropriate voltages for a test point, the test point is
assessed as either passing (green "+") or failing (red "x"). The assessment is
based on the expectations for the test point. Some points are expected to
achieve synchronization (Nominal Response: Sync) while some are not
(Nominal Response: No Sync).
For example, test points within the synchronizing window should achieve
synchronization in the specified period of time if the relay is working properly.
Likewise, test points outside of the synchronizing window are expected to
exceed the maximum synchronization time without achieving
synchronization. If these expectations hold true after outputting the
appropriate voltage to the relay, the test point passes.
In addition to the assessment in the test table, test points are assessed as
either passing (green "+") or failing (red "x") in the graph. Again, the
assessment is based on the expectation.
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Synchronizer
Figure 1-13:
Test points assessed as
passed in the graph of
the Function tab
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Synchronizer
1.2.8
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When a test point lies inside of the synchronization window and the relay is told
to start:
1. The Synchronizer test module verifies that extraneous commands
(V>, V<, f>, f<) are issued.
2 a) Because the test point is within the synchronizing window, the relay can
issue the CB close command and the Synchronizer test module enters
the post-synchronization mode.
b) If the CB command is not received within the maximum synchronization
time, the Synchronizer test module issues the Release command.
3. The Synchronizer test module evaluates the time (t sync) elapsed between
the Start command and the CB close command. It is important for the test
point pass/fail assessment to know the voltage, frequency, and phase angle:
-
The test points are output by the CMC test equipment for specific periods of
time. The output times are specified in the Settings tab (refer to section 1.2.6).
In the Signal View you can view the exact behavior of the binary signals for a
specific test point.
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Synchronizer
either delete the test points defined on the Function tab (and, if available,
the test results)
Enter the information into the respective text boxes for V, f, Phi (),
or V, f, Phi (), or a combination of the two. Once the information for a test
point is acceptable, click the A D D button.
Position the mouse in the synchronization graph (to the right). Right-click
at a point to obtain a context menu. One of the items allows you to add
that test point to the test table.
Figure 1-15:
Adjustment tab with test
points
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Figure 1-16:
Synchronization graph
for the test points
In addition to the assessment in the test table, test points are assessed as
either passing (green "+") or failing (red "x") in the graph. Again, the
assessment is based on the expectation.
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Synchronizer
Figure 1-18:
Synchronization graph
showing the movement
of the test points to
within the
synchronization window
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Figure 1-19:
Synchronoscope for an
individual test point
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Synchronizer
1.2.9
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