19950507

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
(English Edition, V01. 16, No. 5, May lC)95)
Published by SU,
Shanghai, China
T H E R M A L P O S T B U C K L I N G A N A L Y S I S OF M O D E R A T E L Y THICK P L A T E S
Shen Hui-shen ( i ~
1) Zhu Xiang-geng ( ~ ' ~ l ~ )
(Shan.~hai Jiaa Tong University. Shanghai 200030 P. R. China)

(Received Sept. 16, 1994: Communicated by He Fu-bao)
Abstract
.4 thernml po.~'tbm'kli,g anah'sis is presenled /'or a moderateh' thick rectangular
p/ale slthjeeled to (I) ltn(/~r,1 and I10f1-1111([(~1"111 tent-like temperature loading: and (2)
combim'd a.vial compression attd un(/orm temperatttre loading. The initial geot~etrieal
impel;[~'clion of phtte is lakell inla accaunt. The.[ormttlations are based on the ReLssn-
Abstract
er-Mind/itt plale theory considerillg the e[]Octs of rotarl" inertia and transverse shear
The problem
atla/l'sis uses
a dc([lection-t.vpe
perturbation
technique
to determine
The d~J'orltlation.
one-dimensional
of the
motion of a rigid
flying plate
under explosive
attack has
an analyticthesolution
when
the attd
polytropic
indexequilibrium
of detonation
equals
to three. In
thermal only
bucklittg
loads
postbuckling
paths.products
Numerical
examples
general, a are
numerical
is required.
In this paper,
by impetJ~,('t,
utilizing the
"weak" shock
presetttedanalysis
that relate
to the pet?/~rmances
0/ however,
petJect and
moderateh"
behavior ofthick
the rectallgular
reflection plates
shock alld
in the
explosive
products,
and
applying
the
small
parameter
purare compared with the restllts predicted hv the thin plate
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
Iheorl'.
plate driven
by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocitiesKey
of flying
obtained stability,
agree very!hermal
well with
numericalthermal
results postbuckling,
by computers. Thus
wordsplatestructural
buckling,
an analytic formula with twomoderately
parametersthick
of high
explosive
(i.e.
detonation
velocity
and polytropic
plate, perturbation method
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
I. I n t r o d u c t i o n
Introduction
Design of thermally stressed 1.
plates
becomes more serious. The moderately thick
rectangular plates are often used in civil and other structural engineering. These plates may
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
have significant and unavoidable initial geometrical imperfections. Therefore, the thermal
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
buckling ofand
postbuckling
behavior
of imperfect
moderately
thick
plates
must be
cladding
metals.
The method
of estimation
of flyor velocity
and the
wayrectangular
of raising it are
questions
well
understood.
of common interest.
Although
considerableof literature
has plane
been detonation
devoted and
to rigid
the flying
thermal
Under the assumptions
one-dimensional
plate,buckling
the normaland
approach
of solving
the of
problem
of motion
of flyor is top!ates
solve subjected
the following
of equations
postbuckling
analyses
isotropic
and anisotropic
to system
temperature
loading,
governing
the
flow
field
of
detonation
products
behind
the
flyor
(Fig.
I):
investigations of the thermal buckling of moderately thick rectangular plates are limited.
Thermal buckling loads for initially stressed transversely isotropic and antisymmetric cross-ply
--ff
=o, method by Chen et al. t~l and Yang
laminated thick plates were evaluated
using the
Galerkin
ap +u_~_xp
+ au
and Shieh i-~l. Thermal buckling analyses of composite laminated thick plate su,bjected to
au
au
y1 been
=0,made by Tauchert t31 Sun and Hsu 141
unilbrm or non-uniform temperature loading have
(i.0
and Chen et al. 151. The above analytical and numerical results were based on the small
aS
as
a--Tonly for =o,
deflection theory and were obtained
perfect plates. Recently, Librescu and Souza t61
analyzed postbuckling of imperfect
shear-deformable
plates under combined thermal and
p =p(p,
s),
compressive edge loading.
whereThis
p, p,paper
S, u are
pressure,
entropymoderately
and particle thick
velocity
of detonation
products
deals
with density,
a simplyspecific
supported,
rectangular
plate
w~'hich is
respectively,
with
the
trajectory
R
of
reflected
shock
of
detonation
wave
D
as
a
boundary
and
the
subjected to (1) uniform and non-uniform tent-like temperature loading: and (2) combined
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the475
position of F and the state parameters of products
293
476
Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng
axial compression and uniform temperature loading. A recent approach for the postbuckling "
analys'is of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick rectangular plates under compressive
loading has been developed by Shen 17] using a deflection-type perturbation technique. This
method is extended to determine the required thermal buckling loads and postbuckling
equilibrium paths. The initial geometrical imperfection of plate is taken into account. The
material properties are assumed to be independent of temperature.
II.
Analytical Formulation
Consider a moderately thick rectangular plate of length a, width b and thickness t which
is subjected to thermal and compressive edge loading. 8. ~ and t~ are the plate displacements
parallel to a right-hand set of axes (x, g, -), where x is longitudinal and z is perpendicular to
the plate. Denoting the initial 'deflection by tp*(x, y),let t~ (x,y) be the additional deflection, and
/~(.v. g ) b e the stress function for the stress resultants, so that N , - - = ~ , n , Nv----IV,o, and
N,,---- - P,,~.
Abstract
Based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory, considering the effect of rotary inertia and
The one-dimensional
problem
the motion
of a rigidequations
flying plate
explosive
transverse
shear deformation,
the of
governing
differential
of under
such plates
are attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis
is required. In this paper,.v2)L(fll.~_~.,i~
however, by utilizing
the "weak" shock
OV'ffi+v2M~"=( 1
)
(2.1)
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high
explosives
indices
other than w)
but nearly equal to three.
V'/~
--1- (1 - v )with
v Z Npolytropic
r - -- - @Et
L(WW2w*,
(2.2)
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
where
V += 0+
0+
+ ~-~-.4,
02
02
Ox~ + 2 1.
cgxZOu
2
OU V3='-0x-r'+-'0--~"
Introduction
(2.3a,b)
03
02
02
02
03
03
(2.3c)
Explosive driven flying-plate
technique
its important
use
study
L(
)-- Ox
2 Oy2 ffmds
2. OxO~
OxO-----g
"t-'Og
- -inr theOx
2- of behavior of
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
in which D is flexural rigidity and D=Et3/12(1-v3). E is Young's modulus, G is the shear
of common interest.
modulus
andthe
v is
Poisson's of
ratio.
Also tc3is theplane
sheardetonation
factor, which
accounts
non-uniformly
Under
assumptions
one-dimensional
and rigid
flying the
plate,
the normal
of
the shear
strain distribution
the ofplate
a nthe
d for
Reissner
plateoftheory
Id = 5
approach
of solving
the problem through
of motion
flyorthickness,
is to solve
following
system
equations
/6
while for
~c2=Jr2/12.products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
governing
theMindlin
flow fieldplate
of detonation
The thermal force and moment are defined by
--ff
=o,
ap +u_~_xp
+ au ( I , z ) T ( x , y , z ) d z
(Nr' MT)=
IEa
- - v f,,2
a-t,3
au
au
1
(2 4)
=0,
(i.0
in which a is thermal expansion coefficient for a plate.

aS
as
The unit end-shortening relationships
are
A,
t.tz2
a--T
=o,
Car/,p O~
=p(p, s),
.J_,.JoJo--- -dxdydz=
a f*f~[ 1 [a3F
,,a2p
ab J0 J0 L--E-Y-k0--T
ax 3,!
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
1 [ 0 ~ ,~3
0~* shock
j
1of (detonation
l - - v ) N r ]wave
d x d yD as a boundary and(2.5)
respectively, with the trajectory
R of 0~'
reflected
the
\ Ox /boundary.
Ox Both
Ox are
' unknown;
El
J
trajectory F of flyor as 2another
the position
of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
-
293
Thermal Postbuckling of Moderately Thick Plates
A~
t'~tz rb Ca 0 ~
t, a
I'or l /O'r
477
o'r\
l { aw ~
-~I--0-~1
aw aw*
x
]
ay ay F ~ (1-v)N~" dydx
(2,6)
In the following two loading cases are considered:

Case (1) non-uniform temperature distribution loaded alone
The non-uniform tent-like temperature rise is
T ( x , y , z ) = ~ T"+2T~y/b
(O~y~b/2)
~ T o + 2 T , (t - y / b )
(2.7)
(b/2~y~b)
where To is the uniform temperature rise, and Tl is the temperature gradient. From Eq. (2.7) it
is noted that the thermal moment MT=O and. V 2Nr=O.
Abstract
All the edges are assumed to be simply supported and to be restrained against expansion
in theThe
in-plane
directions, problem
so the boundary
conditions
are flying plate under explosive attack has
one-dimensional
of the motion
of a rigid
an analytic solution only when the

polytropic
x=O,a~
f l ~ = ~index
= 0 of detonation products equals to three.
( 2 . 8In
a)
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
N , , = products,
M,,= 0 and applying the small parameter(2.8b)
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive
pury = 0 , b lapproximate
t/~= ~ = 0 solution is obtained for the problem of flying
(2.8c)
terbation method, an analytic, first-order
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic
indices
N,,=M,=
= o other than but nearly equal to three.
(2.8d)
an
analytic
formula
withrespectively,
two parameters
of high explosive
(i.e.
velocity
andunit
polytropic
where
M, and
Mware,
the bending
moments
perdetonation
unit width
and per
length of
index)
for
estimation
of
the
velocity
of
flying
plate
is
established.
the plate.
Case (2) combined axial compression and uniform temperature rise
1. Introduction
The plate is subjected to a uniform
temperature rise, To, and uniaxial compressive edge
loads are applied in the longitudinal direction. The edges (x=0, a) are considered freely
movable in the in-plane direction, the remaining two edges being unloaded are restrained
against expansion
in the
transverse
directionof(immovable),
so the
conditions
are
cladding
of metals. The
method
of estimation
flyor velocity and
the boundary
way of raising
it are questions
x=O,al ~ = 0 , N , , = M , = 0
(2.9a)
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
.b Nflyor
+a,tb=
(2.9b)
, d y is
approach of solving the problem of motion of
to solve0 the following system of equations
0
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
y=o,bl w-~ 0,N,~----Mw=0
(2.9c)
~=0
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+
III.
Analytical
Method
and Asymptotic
au
au
Introducing the dimensionless quantities
=o,
(2.9d)
au
Solutions
1
=0,
(i.0
aS fl=a/b,
as
x=~rx/a, y=try/b,
~,=~r2D/~'a'Gt,
a--T
=o,
(u,v,w,w*)-: (~,V.,~,t~*) M 12(1--v ~) It, F = P / D ,
=p(p, s), 12(1-v z) /n2Dt,
(M,,M,) = (M,, pM,)a~M
where
p, p, S, u are pressure,
specifictemperature
entropy and distribution;
particle velocity
products
Ar=6(l-vZ)b~aT~/n~t
2 (i=0 density,
for uniform
andofi detonation
= 1 for non-uniform
respectively,
with
the
trajectory
R
of
reflected
shock
of
detonation
wave
D
as
a
boundary
and the
temperature distribution)
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para(3,,by3,)the= flow
( A,/a,
A,Ib)12
( 1 - rarefaction
v ~)b2/4~r~t2
( 3.1 )
meters on it are governed
field
I of central
wave behind the detonation wave
293
478
enables the nonlinear equations (2.1) and (2.2) to be written in dimensionless form as
V~w = #2 ( 1 -- y~2) L (to + w * , F )
V'F =
(3.2)
(3.3)
l f l 2 L (w + 2w*, w)
z~
where
~,=
~ 34 ~ q_Zfl
L(
)=~
O~
a'
OX~Oy=
O2
~-2
fl
O2
axOy
'a~
ay~ '
V ~ _ ~a. a~ _ m
. Ox ~ --~
.a 2
O~
OxO----ff--~ ~Oy
O~
ax ~
a=
(3.4ab)
(3.40)
The unit end-shortening relationships become
1
a, =
f" f" F/,,,a~F

L LW
a~F \
1 ( arv
) --TtTx
Abstract
"~'
/
OWOxproblem
dr.O*Oxt-2A'rfl=C~r]
d x dof
y a rigid flying plate under explosive attack (3.5)
The one-dimensional
of the motion
has
1 f"isf"[tO'F
~ 1however,
m ( Ow by~' utilizing the "weak" shock
general, a numerical analysis
required. Invtq,O'F
this paper,
_ fl~high
Ow explosives
Ow* + 2A~flzCll
] d y d x indices other than but nearly equal to three.
plate driven by various
with polytropic
(3.6)
oy 8y
an analytic
formula
highthe
explosive
(i.e. thermal
detonation
velocitycase
andCjl
polytropic
loading
= 1.0 and
Note that
in with
Eqs. two
(3.5)parameters
and (3.6)of for
uniform
index)
for
estimation
of
the
velocity
of
flying
plate
is
established.
Ar = 6 ( t -- v 2) b2aTo/n~t z, and for the tent-like temperature loading case CI1=(To/TI+0.5)"
2~r= 6 ( t -- v z) bZaT j/r&t z .
1. Introduction
The boundary conditions (2.8) become
(3.73)
X=O,~; ffmds
w ~ 0 ,its c3==0
Explosive driven flying-plate technique
important use in the study of behavior of
(3.7b)
F , .synthesis
= O , Mof
, = diamonds,
O
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock
and explosive welding
and
(3.70)
of common interest.
(3.7cl)
, r = 0 , detonation
M ~ = 0 and rigid flying plate, the normal
Under the assumptions of one-dimensionalF , plane
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
and the boundary conditions (2.9) become
w=0, M.=0, F,.=0
(3.8a)
X=O,~;
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+
au
=o,
,~=0
y=O,:g!auw = 0 ,auM , =y10 , F ,=0,
~,=0
(3.8b)
(3.8c)
(i.0
(3.8d)
aS
as
thermal =o,
postbuckling behavior of a simply supported,
Applying Eqs. (3.2)-.(3.8), thea--T
moderately thick rectangular plate is now determined by the perturbation technique suggested
p =p(p, s),
in Ref. [8].
construct
an asymptotic
for the
thickof plate,
the products
additional
whereTo
p, p,
S, u are pressure,
density, solution
specific entropy
andmoderately
particle velocity
detonation
respectively,
with stress
the trajectory
R of
shockand
of detonation
as a boundary
the of
deflection and
functions
in reflected
Eqs. (3.2)
(3.3) are wave
bothD taken
in the and
form
trajectory
F
of
flyor
as
another
boundary.
Both
are
unknown;
the
position
of
R
and
the
state
paraperturbation erpansions as
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
w ( x , y , e)-= Y'~.dwj(x,
y ) j f ( x , y , e ) = Y ' ]the
d f jstate
( x , y )parameters of products
(3.9)
D and by initial stage of motion $=0
of flyor also; the position of F and
$~0
293
479
where e is a small perturbation parameter, and the first term of w~ (x, y) is assumed to-have
the form
wt (x, y) = A} I )sinmxsinny
( 3..1 O)
The initial geometrical imperfection is assumed to have a similar form to w~(x,y) , i. e.
w* (x, y, e.) = eA~ l s i n m x s i n n y = e#A } 1)sinmxsinny
(3.1 1)
where It is the imperfection parameter and #=A'~t/A} I).

Substituting Eq. (3.9) into Eqs. (3.2) and (3.3), we get a system of perturbation equations.
By using Eqs. (3.10) and (3.il) to solve these perturbation equations of each order, the
amplitudes in terms of w~ (x, y) and f~ (x. y) can be determined step by step, and hence the
asymptotic solutions are obtained as
w = e [ X} l )sinmxsinny] +e~[X} l)sinmxsin3ny

+A~ ~)sin3mxsinny] + Abstract
O(e')
(3.1 2)
F=_~(o~yZ
x2
[
z
z
~-'oo -y-b~og)'-~'+
-Bco*o
5 - - "~c,~
~flying
1 7 6Zx -plate
'_,_r~c
~ ' under
~ c o s explosive
2mx
The one-dimensional
problem of the ez
motion
of )a-yrigid
attack has
2
X2
general, a numerical+B~o])cos2ng
analysis is required. In B~])~-b~o~)-7+B,C~)cos2mx
this paper,
however,
by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, an
first-order ~approximate
solution is obtained
for the problem
of flying
+ Banalytic,
o ', ' )cos2ny+B}
)cos2mxcos2ny4-B~
g)cos4mxq-B~
~)cos4ny
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
+ B~
t )cos4mxcos2ny]
5) by computers. (a.
13)
Final velocities of 4-B}
flying ~)cos2mxcos4ng
plate obtained agree
very
well with numerical+O(e
results
Thus
index)
of the
velocity
flying plateinis Eqs.
established.
It for
hasestimation
been shown
171 that
all of
coefficients
(3.12) and (3.13) are related and can be
written as function o r a l ~).
For loading case (1), substituting1. Eqs.
(3.12) and (3.13) into boundary conditions s
Introduction
and 6, = 0, the postbuckling equilibrium paths can be obtained as
~,~--loading,
2~ ~ + 2shock
p ) w ~ synthesis
+ ~,p)w~of+diamonds,
...
materials under intense impulsive
and explosive welding(3.14)
and
cladding
of
metals.
The
method
of
estimation
of
flyor
velocity
and
the
way
of
raising
it
are
questions
where w, is the dimensionless form of the maximum deflection of the plate, which is assumed
of be
common
to
at the interest.
point (x. y)=(rr/2m, lr/2n), and in Eq, (3.14)
approach of solving
of motion
of z)flyor is to solve the following system of equations
2r~o~ = the problem
(1 --v)
(m2 WnZfl
governing the flow field2Bof~(detonation
products
behind
1 +t~) (1 +~,
(m ~+n~/3
~) 3the
C ~ flyor (Fig. I):
]+e 4[-
and
).~2) =
32/32
2r~=
1
512fl z
(3--vZ) (m~+n4fl~) +4vmZnZfl2 (1 + 2 # )
--ff
=o,
(t+v)(mZ+n'zt~2)Cu
ap +u_~_xp+ au
au
au
(]-v)[14-Y(mZ+nZflz)]
(C2-C~.)
y1
=0,
( m~ +n~ fl z) C~ t
aS
(3 15a)
(i.0
as
a--T
=o,
p =p(p, s),
C z = 2 ( 1 -t-/-t) z ( 1 -I'-2#) z i (3 - v z) (m' +n'fl a) 4- 4vrn2n2fl2]

9[m'[1 4-?(rnZ4-9nZ[3 z) ]lg13+n'fl'[1 + y (9rnZ +nzfl z) ]lg3,]l(l - v 2)
where p, p,CS,, =u (are

pressure,
density,
1 +/~)
( t + 2~)
[ 2 ( t specific
+ ~ ) ' + entropy
( 14- ?u)and
2 particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with9[mS[
the trajectory
R
of
reflected
shock
of
wavez)D]/,q3z]
as a boundary and the
1 4-?(rnZ4-9nZfl '') ],"gla+nSfl"[ Idetonation
+3) (9rnZ4-nZfl
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para(mZ 4-9nZflz)z[
+y(m
' q-nZfl
z) ] (I rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
meters on itgl.,=
are governed
by the lflow
field
I of central
4-p)
293
480
- (m~+n~B~) (mS+O"~ s) [1 + v (m2 +9n~/3s) ]

a ~ = (9m ~+.~/3 ~) ~ [ 1 + ? (m ~+n=/~ ~) ] ( 1 + # )
-
(mS+n2fl 2) (~mS+nZfl z) [ 1 + ~ (9m2+n2fl 2) ]
(3.15b)
Eq. (3.14) can be employed to obtain numerical results for the thermal postbuckl'ng loaddeflection curves of moderately thick plates subjected to uniform or non-uniform tent-like
temperature loading. The thermal buckling load of perfect plates can also readily be obtained
numerically, by setting u = 0 (or u~ */t=0), while taking w , = 0 (or W/t=0). Usually, the.
buckling mode is (m, n)= (1, I).
For combined loading case (2), the interaction equation is
2.
~,
+~,, =So+S~w,+S,w,+..2
(3.I6)
in which L", is the critical value due to 2+ alone, and 2r is the critical value due to 2r alone, i.e.
Abstract
(m s +nS/~s) ~
The one-dimensional problem
of the1 +?(miWnZfls
motion of a rigid
flying plate under explosive attack has
2 ~ , = 4fl~[
) ] (mZ+vnZflz)
general, a numerical analysis is required. In(mS+nS/Ts)
this paper,z however, by utilizing the "weak" (3.17ll.)
shock
2~r~"---1 "b'V (m s products,
+nSfl s) ] n2fl
behavior of the reflection shock
in 2fl
thes [explosive
and2 applying the small parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
and
1
S~= 1 "of
(m++3n+fl')[l+v(ma+n2fl~)]
(1+2#)
an analytic formula
high explosive
(i.e. detonation
velocity and polytropic
S o = with
1 + # two
' parameters
16
(mZ+nzfl2)
z.
S,=
. [l+'e(m2+n2fl~)]
(m2 +nZflz) z
256 "
1.
(Cz-C+)
Introduction
C2=2(1 +/1)(1 +2#) S(m'+3n+fl'~ [m+[l +v(n?+On2B')]/O~3

Explosive driven
flying-plate
technique
+n'B
' [ l + v ( 9m2
+n2B 2) ffmds
]/a3~]its important use in the study of behavior of
materials underC ,intense
impulsive
shock
diamonds,
ands) explosive
welding and
= ( 1 +'2#)
[2(1 +loading,
# ) z + (1
+2#)synthesis
] [mS[ 1of
+'p(m
s ,+9nSfl
]/gla
of common interest. +n'Bs[ 1 + ? (9rn s +nZB ~) ] ~#st]
Under the
assumptions
of one-dimensional
plane~)9n=fl
detonation
rigid
flying=)plate,
the normal
,.qas=
(m s + 9nS,Ss)s-flZBC
o ~)m z +b(o
s) It +and
? (m"
+ 9n=,8
]
approach of solving
the
problem
of
motion
of
flyor
is
to
solve
the
following
system
of
equations
g . l = (9m s +na/3s) s - (fl'B<o ~
+b ~~
[ 1 +? (9rn s +nSfl ') ]
(3.17b)
From Eq. (3.16) the classical solution of perfect plates can also readily be obtained as
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+
,,1.*-, +
au
au
au
----
y1
=o,
(3.18)
=0,
Eq. (3.16) can be employed to obtain numerical results for the postbuckling(i.0
loadaS
a s thick plates or the thermal postbuckling loaddeflection curves of initially heated a--T
moderately
=o,
deflection curves o f initially compressive stressed moderately thick plates. As expected, there
p =p(p, s),
are two special cases. Firstly, letting To/Tc,=O.O enables Eq. (3.16) to be used for the
postbucking
moderately
thick plates
longitudinal
restrained,
where p, p, S, of
u are
pressure, density,
specific with
entropy
and particle unloaded
velocity of edges
detonation
productsas
previously
given
in
Ref.
[7].
Secondly,
lettingp+/p~,
=
0.0
enables
Eq.
(3.16)
to
be
used
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and
the to
obtain
theF thermal
postbuckling
load-deflection
curves o f the
moderately
with
two
trajectory
of flyor as
another boundary.
Both are unknown;
position ofthick
R andplates
the state
parametersare
on restrained
it are governed
by the
flow field
of central
rarefaction
wave
behind
the detonation
edges
against
expansion
in Ithe
transverse
direction
and
the remaining
twowave
edges
293
Thermal. Post.buckling of Moderately Thick Plates
481
are considered freely movable in the longitudinal direction. From Eqs. (3.14) and (3.16),
it is found that the critical temperature of a square plate with four edges restrained is about 35
per cent of that of a square plate with two edges restrained.
In addition, if the plate is thinner enough, then 7 approaches to zero, Eq. (3.14) or (3.16)
is brought into a form suitable for the solution of von Karman plate.
IV.
Numerical Results and Discussion
A number of example are now given to illustrate the application of the method presented.
These cover the performance of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick rectangular plates.
Throughout these numerical illustrations the transverse shear correction factor was considered
i~2=rr'-/12.
To validate the present analysis formulation, the results for thermal postbuckling of a
perfect, simply supported, thin square plate under uniform temperature loading are listed in
Table 1 and are compared with those given
by Raju and Rao 19' 101 using t h e finite element
Abstract
method (FEM) or Rayleigh-Ritz procedure, in which 2~,= 12 (I + v ) a T o a 2 . ( ~ t ~) -1 Clearly, the
one-dimensional
the motion
of a rigid
flyingare
plate
explosive
attack has
resultsThe
obtained
for thin problem
plates of
from
the present
method
in under
excellent
agreement
with
an
analytic
solution
only
when
the
polytropic
index
of
detonation
products
equals
to
three.
In
existing ones from the finite element method or the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure.
Fig. 1 shows the variation of thermal bucking load 2r with the plate aspect ratio /3, in
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purwhich
curve
labeled
I represents
solution of
thin plates
and curves
2 and
terbation
method,
an with
analytic,
first-order the
approximate
solution
is obtained
for the labeled
problemwith
of flying
3plate
represent
the
solutions
of
moderately
thick
plate
with
bit
=
10.0
and
5.0,
respectively.
Unlike
driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
compressive
buckling
problem
of plates,agree
the very
buckling
modenumerical
is alwaysresults
(m, n)=(1.1).
Final velocities
of flying
plate obtained
well with
by computers. Thus
an analytic
formula
with
two
parameters
of
high
explosive
(i.e.
detonation
velocity
and response
polytropic of
The effect of transverse shear deformation on thermal postbuckling
index)
for
estimation
of
the
velocity
of
flying
plate
is
established.
moderately thick plate with bit = 10.0 is shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen that, like moderately
thick plate loaded in compression tTI, in the postbuckling range (~/t~<l.0) the effect of
1. Introduction
transverse shear deformation is pronounced
and post-buckled deflection is larger than that
predicted by thin plate theory, and in the deep postbuckling range it i s insignificant.
Fig..3 shows the effect of thermal load ratio To/Tl(=O.O, 0.5, 1.0) on the thermal
postbuckling response of moderately thick plates with b/t=lO.O subjected to tent-like
temperature
loading. It can be found that the thermal buckling load decreases and the
of common interest.
postbuckling
becomes significantly
lower as
load the
ratio
To/T,
Under theequilibrium
assumptionspath
of one-dimensional
plane detonation
andthe
rigidthermal
flying plate,
normal
increases.
governing
flow
detonation
products
behind the flyor
(Fig. of
I):moderately thick plates with
Fig. 4theand
5 field
showofthe
postbuckling
load-deflection
curves
bit =20.0 under combined axial Compression and uniform temperature loading. Two kinds of
problems are now considered: (i) --ff
with initial thermal
=o, load ratio To/T,=O.O, 0.25 or 0.50,
ap +u_~_xp+ au
buckling occurs with an increase in edge compression; (ii) with initial compressive load ratio p.~
au
au
/ P , = 0 . 0 , 0.25 or 0.50, buckling occurs with an increase
in temperature rise. For a square plate
y1
=0,
(/3= 1.0), buckling occurs with buckling mode (m, n)_(1.1) in these two cases (see Fig. (i.0
4) and
aS
as
the postbuckling load-deflection curves
a--T approach
=o,each other very much, but for a rectangular
plate (/3=3.0), buckling occurs with buckling mode (m, n)=(2, 1) in case (i) (see Fig. 5a) while
p =p(p, s),
with bucklir~g mode (m, n)=(1, 1) in case (ii) (see Fig. 5b), and the postbuckling equilibrium
paths
where are
p, p,quite
S, u different.
are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
From Figs.
2-5,trajectory
the results
obtainedshock
reveal
that the wave
moderately
thick plates
respectively,
with the
R of reflected
of detonation
D as a boundary
and theare
trajectory F ofinsensitive
flyor as another
boundary.
Both are unknown;
the position
of R and
the state paraimperfection
both when
the uniform
and non-uniform
tent-like
temperature
fields
meters
on
it
are
governed
by
the
flow
field
I
of
central
rarefaction
wave
behind
the
detonation
wave
are involved.
293
482
Table 1 C o m p a r i s o n s of ~
of simply s u p p o r t e d thin s q u a r e plates

Raju and Rao
Rayleigh_Ritz~,,,
~
ff/t
F.EM~ i
0.0
1.9847
2.0000
2.0000
0.2
2.1058
2.1122
2.1054
0,4
2.4170
2.4492
2.4231
0.6
2.9528
3.0106
2.9571
0.8
3.7136
3.7968
3.7144
1.0
4,6990
4.8074
4.7049
~T
2.0
4.0
2
u=0.3
Abstract
1: T h i n plate
2:b/t= lO.O
3.0
Present
~=1.0
.,]///
(rn,h)= (1:1)
1.5,
/l. ~ /
3:b/t=5.0
The one-dimensional
problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
3
-\
general, a2.0numerical
analysis is required. In this paper,1.0
however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
0.5 other than but nearly equal to three.
1.0 by various high explosives with polytropic indices
plate driven
[0.0o
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical
results
~I0.01 _ by
_ _ computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation
velocity
and polytropic
I
I
1.0 of the210
0.0
0.5
1.0
index) for0.0estimation
velocity3.0of flying plate is established.
=
t
Fig. 1 The v a r i a t i o n of the t h e r m a l
Fig. 2 C o m p a r i s o n s of p o s t b u c k l i n g loadb u c k l i n g load AT with plate1. a s pIntroduction
ect
deflection c u r v e s of t h i c k and thin
r a t i o fl
plates
;Lr
materials 2.0
under intense
loading, shock synthesis
of diamonds, and explosive welding and
" ~ z f l impulsive
/
2.0
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and
the way of raising it2.0
are questions
~'~ 1.0
(re,n)=(1,1)
~I
of common interest.
].5 the normal
1.5 h/t:20.0
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation
and rigid flying2 plate,
1.0 ~
/.L
SZ <m
2JoIo>
//~ ~"
=/0.00
L0.05 -- --
0.0
0.5
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+
au
au
au
=o,
0.5
as
0.5
//
=0,
1.0 ~- aS
t a--T
1.0
0.0
~ * _ ~0.00
t
~0.05
I
(i.0
1.o
=o,
P,/P:,
To/Tc~
t
I:To/T~=o.o
1:
0
0
0
0
0
0
p =p(p, s),
2,To/TI=0.5
2:
0.25
0.25
3: To/TI--1.O
3t
O.
50
O.
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity50of detonation products
Fig. 3 P o s t b u c k l i n g load-deflection c u r v e s
4 P o s t b u ewave
k l i n gD load-deflection
rves
respectively,
with the trajectory R of reflected shockFig.
of detonation
as a boundary andc uthe
of
t
h
i
c
k
plates
u
n
d
e
r
t
e
n
t
l
i
k
e
of
s
q
u
a
r
e
thick
plate
u
n
der
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
0.5
e r agoverned
t u r e d i sby
t r i bthe
u t i oflow
n field I of central rarefaction
c o m b i nwave
e d behind
a x i a lthe detonation
and
t h ewave
rmal
meters ont e itm pare
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position ofl Fo a and
d i n g the state parameters of products
293
483
,L/;t:,
2.0
,6=3.0
(m,n)=(2,1)
1.5
1~.2
// // _
2.0
/~=3.0
b/t=20.O a
"
1.0 ~
1.0
0.5 ~
~/
/
~ * - - 0.00
,/ / -/- -(005
o.o
I
0.5
(~)
1
1.0
0.o
~'=~o.oo "
t
tO.05 -- -t
0.5
}
1.0
(b)
Abstract
l:pJpc,--o.oo
I:To/Tc,=O.O0
2 :p,/pc, = 0.25
2,To/T.----0.25
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate
under.-~O.
explosive
attack has
3 : p,/pr
50
3:To/T,=0.50
g . 5 P o s t analysis
b u c k l i n g is required.
l o a d - d e f l eIn
c t i othis
n
cpaper,
u r v e s however,
o f r e c t a by
n g uutilizing
lar
t h i cthe
k p"weak"
lates
general, aF inumerical
shock
u n d e r c oshock
m b i n e in
d the
a x i aexplosive
l a n d t h eproducts,
r m a l l o aand
d i n g applying the small parameter purbehavior of the reflection
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
V.
C
o n c l u sby
i o nvarious
s
plate
driven
high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final Thermal
velocities postbuckling
of flying plateofobtained
agreethick
very well
withinduced
numerical
by computers.
Thus
moderately
plates,
by results
uniform
and non-uniform
tent-like temperature distribution, has been studied by a perturbation method.
After comparing the present solutions with the existing ones for thin plates under uniform
temperature loading available in the literature, the thermal postbuckling responses of
1. Introduction
moderately thick plates have been investigated. It is found that the characteristics of thermal
postbuckling are significantly influenced by the initial geometrical imperfection as well as the
proportional
of thermal
initialofcompressive
loads
whereas
the and
plate
materials undercombination
intense impulsive
loading,loads
shockand
synthesis
diamonds, and
explosive
welding
transverse
rather lessofeffect.
cladding
of shear
metals.deformation
The method has
of estimation
flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of
common
interest.
References
[1] L. W.
Chen, the
E. J.problem
Brunelle
L. Y.
Chen,is Thermal
buckling
of system
initial stressed
thick
approach
of solving
of and
motion
of flyor
to solve the
following
of equations
governing
the J.flow
field Des.,
of detonation
products
behind the flyor (Fig. I):
plates,
Mech.
104 (1982),
557-564.
[2]
I.H. Yang and J. A. Shien, Generic thermal buckling of initial stressed antisymmetric
cross-ply thick laminates, bit. --ff
J. Solids Structures,
=o,24 (1988), 1059- 1070.
ap +u_~_xp+ au
[3] T. R. Tauchert, Thermalbuckling of thick antisymmetric angleply laminates, J. Therm.
au
au
Stresses, 10 (1987), 113- 124.
y1
=0,
(i.0
[4] L.X. Sun and T. R. Hsu, Thermal buckling of laminated composite plates with transverse
aS
a
s
shear deformation, Computers a--T
& Structures.
=o,36 (1990), 883-889.
[5] W . J . Chem P. D. Lin and L. W. Chen, Thermal buckling behavior of thick composite
p =p(p, s),
laminated plates under nonuniform temperature distribution, Computers & Struclures, 41
where(1991),
p, p, S,637-645.
u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
[6]
L.
Librescu
and trajectory
M. A. Souza,
Postbuckling
imperfect
shear-deformable
respectively,
with the
R of reflected
shock of
of geometrically
detonation wave
D as a boundary
and the
flat F
panels
under
combined
thermalBoth
andarecompressive
edge
loadings,
Mech.,
trajectory
of flyor
as another
boundary.
unknown; the
position
of R J.andAppl.
the state
para-60
meters(1993),
on it are
governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
526-533.
293
484
[7]

H.S. Shen, Buckling and postbuckling of moderately thick plates, Appl. Math. and Mech.,
11(1990), 367--376.
[8]
H. S. Shen and J. W. Zhang, Perturbation analyses for the postbuckling of simply

supported rectangular plates under uniaxial compression, Appl, Math. and Mech., 9, 8
(1988), 793-804.
[9] K . K . Raju and G. V. Rao, Thermal postbuckling of a square plate resting on an elastic
foundation by finite element method, Computers & Structures, 28 (1988), 195- 199.
[10] K . K . Raju and G. V. Rao, Thermal post buckling of thin simply supported orthotropic
square plates, Compostie Structures, 1~ (1989), 149- 154.
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
1.
Introduction
of common interest.
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+
au
au
aS
as
au
y1
=o,
=0,
(i.0
a--T
=o,
p =p(p, s),
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
293

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

(English Edition, V01. 16, No. 5, May lC)95)

1) Zhu Xiang-geng ( ~ ' ~ l ~ )

(Shan.~hai Jiaa Tong University. Shanghai 200030 P. R. China)

Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng

in which a is thermal expansion coefficient for a plate.

Thermal Postbuckling of Moderately Thick Plates

In the following two loading cases are considered:

an analytic solution only when the

Introducing the dimensionless quantities

Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng

The unit end-shortening relationships become

f" f" F/,,,a~F

Thermal Postbuckling of Moderately Thick Plates

The initial geometrical imperfection is assumed to have a similar form to w~(x,y) , i. e.

w* (x, y, e.) = eA~ l s i n m x s i n n y = e#A } 1)sinmxsinny

where It is the imperfection parameter and #=A'~t/A} I).

w = e [ X} l )sinmxsinny] +e~[X} l)sinmxsin3ny

(3--vZ) (m~+n4fl~) +4vmZnZfl2 (1 + 2 # )

C z = 2 ( 1 -t-/-t) z ( 1 -I'-2#) z i (3 - v z) (m' +n'fl a) 4- 4vrn2n2fl2]

where p, p,CS,, =u (are

Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng

- (m~+n~B~) (mS+O"~ s) [1 + v (m2 +9n~/3s) ]

(mS+n2fl 2) (~mS+nZfl z) [ 1 + ~ (9m2+n2fl 2) ]

C2=2(1 +/1)(1 +2#) S(m'+3n+fl'~ [m+[l +v(n?+On2B')]/O~3

Thermal. Post.buckling of Moderately Thick Plates

Numerical Results and Discussion

Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng

of simply s u p p o r t e d thin s q u a r e plates

Thermal Postbuckling of Moderately Thick Plates

Shen Hui-shen and Zhu Xiang-geng

H. S. Shen and J. W. Zhang, Perturbation analyses for the postbuckling of simply

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