Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CHEMISTRY
Name
: _____________________________________
20 pages
5 questions
: _____________________________________
Time: 90 minutes
Approved dictionaries and calculators may be used.
Instructions to Candidates
1. Answer ALL questions.
2. There is no need to fill all of the space provided; clear, well-expressed answers are
required. If you delete part or all of an answer you should clearly indicate your final
answer.
3. The total mark is 70.
Question
Marks
/16m
/16m
/13m
/13m
/12m
TOTAL
/70m
Purpose:
This task allows you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the concepts of organic and
biological chemistry.
Description of the assessment:
This test assesses:
1) knowledge and understanding of the concepts of organic chemistry
2) use of systematic nomenclature
3) interpretation and use of structural formulae
4) knowledge and understanding of the nature and reactions of the functional group studied
5) application of concepts to solve problems in familiar and unfamiliar contexts
6) knowledge and understanding of practical procedures - chemical synthesis & organic testing
7)
Assessment conditions:
1) Time allowance: 90 minutes
2) You may consult the periodic table.
Assessment Design Criteria
Analysis &
Evaluation
(AE)
Application
(A)
Knowledge &
Understanding
(KU)
Grade
AE1
AE2
A1
A2
A3
KU1
KU2
KU3
OVERALL GRADE
Application
Attempts to communicate
information about chemistry.
QUESTION 1
Plants under stress produce chemicals.
(a)
When grass is cut, a series of chemical reactions follow, beginning with the hydrolysis of
triglycerides into fatty acids and alcohol. The structural formula of one such triglyceride is
shown below:
(i)
Draw the structural formula of the alcohol formed in the hydrolysis of the above
triglyceride.
( 2 marks)
(ii)
(2)
(1 mark)
(3)
State the structural change in the triglyceride molecule that results in the
change in physical property.
(1 mark)
(iii)
The fatty acid is then converted into 2 compounds with the structural formulae
shown below:
(3 marks)
(b)
Jasmonic acid is another molecule produced by plants under stress. The structural
formula of jasmonic acid is shown below:
(i)
(ii)
Draw the structural formula of the product formed when Jasmonic acid
undergoes an addition reaction with bromine.
(2 marks)
(2)
(2 marks)
(iii)
(3 marks)
TOTAL: 16 marks
QUESTION 2
(a)
Compound X
(i)
(ii)
(2 marks)
(iii)
Compound X oxidises from an aldehyde. Draw the structural formula of this aldehyde.
(2 marks)
(b)
Compound Y
(i)
(ii)
An acidified solution containing a manganese anion is the reagent used in the laboratory
to oxidise alcohol P to compound Y.
(1)
(2)
(2 marks)
(iii)
(c)
Ascorbic acid and ethyl pentanoate are two esters that are often used as flavoring agent. The
structural formula of ascorbic acid is shown below:
Ascorbic acid
(i)
(2 marks)
(ii)
(3 marks)
TOTAL: 16 marks
QUESTION 3
Cellulose is found in plant cell. Cellulose is tasteless, odourless, hydrophilic, insoluble in water and
most organic solvents. It can be broken down chemically into its glucose units by treating it with
concentrated acids at high temperature.
(a)
Draw the structural formula of one glucose molecule from which cellulose is produced.
(2 marks)
(b)
Write a balanced equation to show how cellulose is broken down to form dissacharide.
(2 marks)
(c)
Glucose produced by the breakdown of cellulose can be converted into ethanol by fermentation
with the help of enzyme zymase.
(i)
(2 marks)
(ii)
Explain why combustion of ethanol produced from fermentation will not add more CO 2 into
the atmosphere.
(1 mark)
(iii)
State one condition required for fermentation process, other than yeast to provide zymase
enzyme.
(1 mark)
(iv) After fermentation process, the mixture containing ethanol is decant into a reaction flask
and purification process is carried out using distillation set-up as shown below:
Discuss by referring to one mistake in this distillation set-up and how it can affect the pure
ethanol collected.
(2 marks)
(d)
compound P
compound Q
(3 marks)
TOTAL: 13 marks
QUESTION 4
(a)
saccharin
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(2)
Draw the structural formula of the product formed after the reflux.
(2 marks)
(iv)
Explain why the usage of sodium salt of saccharin is more favourable than its
molecular form in manufacturing soft drinks.
(2 marks)
(b)
(i)
Polypeptide chain can be broken down by protease (a digestive enzyme) into many
amino acids.
(1)
State the number of amino acids used to construct this section of the
polypeptide chain.
(1 mark)
(2)
Draw the structural formula of one of the amino acid formed after the
polypeptide chain is broken down by protease (a digestive enzyme that splits
proteins).
(2 marks)
(ii)
(1)
Name the type of interaction formed between the side groups circled on the
diagram.
(1 mark)
(2)
State the type of structure in which the interaction in part (1) contribute to the
polypeptide (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary).
(1 mark)
TOTAL: 13 marks
QUESTION 5
(a)
The types of sugar present in an orange juice sample can be separated and identify by TLC
using ethanol as the solvent and octadecylsilane as the stationary phase.
One chromatogram is shown in the diagram below:
(i)
State how many types of sugar present in this orange juice sample.
(1 mark)
(ii)
(1 mark)
(iii)
Explain why this analysis is not effective, and suggest an improvement to this
analysis.
(2 marks)
Credit will be given for answers to part (b), which show clear well-expressed ideas, and which
present accurate and relevant information in a well-organised, logical manner. Your answer
should be confined to the space provided and should take approximately 10 minutes.
(b)
Benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde present in an organic sample can be
separated and identify by Gas Chromatography using a column packed with inert solids that
are coated with high boiling point hydrocarbon and helium as the carrier gas.
The structural formula of benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde are shown below:
benzoic acid
benzyl alcohol
benzaldehyde
By referring to the polarities of the three organic compounds, discuss their relative strengths
of attractions for stationary phase and the mobile phase and the relative rates of their
movement along the stationary phase. Hence, predict and explain peak A, B and C.
(8 marks)
TOTAL: 12 marks
You may write on this page if you need more space to finish your answers to this
Question Booklet. Make sure to label each answer carefully (eg.3(e)continued).