B. A.

(Programme) Ist year

TAMIL - B

AIMBATHANDU TAMIL SIRUKATHAIGAL

Ik;gjhz;L jkpo;r; rpWfijfs;

STUDY MATERIAL -2
[VOL - II - 22-26]

nghUslf; f k;
ghlk; : 1. Ik;gjhz;L jkpo;r; rpWfijfs; - Xu; mwpKfk;.
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ghlk; : 3. rpWfijfspd; mikg;Gk; cj;jpfSk;

Editor
Dr. S. Manickavasagam

SCHOOL OF OPEN LEARNING

UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

5, Cavalry Line, DELHI-110 007

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4

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5

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fl;bypy; mg;ghitg; ghh;j;j gpwFjhd; mtd; epk;kjpahf %r;RtpLthd;. Mdhy;> ,d;W
jpBnud;W mg;ghitf; fhztpy;iy vd;w gijgijg;G kpFjpahapw;W. vd;NwDk; xUehs;>
kuj;jpYs;s ,iy cjph;e;J> fhw;why; kiwf;fg;glyhk;. mJNghy mg;ghTk; fhyk; vd;w
6

fhw;why; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;glyhk;. mg;ghtpw;Fg; gpwF> jhd; ,Uf;f> mjd; gpd;dh; jhd;
cjpu> jd; kfd; ,Uf;f vd;w tho;f;if epajp njhlh;e;J nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;. mjdhy;
rhitg;gw;wpa mr;rk; VJkpy;iy. ,ay;ghf mg;ghtpd; cly; eyk; Fd;wpa fhyj;;jpy;> ,uT
Neuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l ,e;jj; njspT kWehs; fhiyapy; kPz;Lk;> mth; cly; eyk; fhuzkhff;
ftiyahf kdij mg;gpf; nfhs;Sk;.
,g;NghJ> gpd;dputpy; mtiuf; fhztpy;iy. mJ ftiyiaj; je;jJ. \,e;j Neuj;jpy;
vq;Nf Ngha; njhiye;jpUg;ghh;| vd;W kdj;jpw;Fs; vz;zk; XbaJ. ,e;j es;sputpy; ahiug;
Ngha;f; Nfl;gJ? vq;Nfh xU kpy;ypy; kzp 3 mbj;jJ. rpwpa ,ilntspapy; ,d;ndhU
kpy;ypYk; kzp 3 mbj;jJ. mg;gh tuhjjhy;> kdk; ,jpnyy;yhk; yapf;ftpy;iy.
jpz;izapypUe;J tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;J> xU rpfnul; Jz;ilg; gw;w itj;jhd;. jpBnud;W
kdk; ntWj;Jg; guNjrk; NghFk; mstpw;F mtUf;F tPl;by; ve;jf; ftiyAk; ,y;iy.
jdf;F xU tajhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mk;kh ,we;J Nghdhs;. mtDf;F ,g;NghJ taJ 31.
,d;Dk; jd; kfDf;Fj; jpUkzk; Mftpy;iyNa vd;gJjhd; mtUf;Ff; ftiy. mg;ghtpd;
cly; eyk; fhuzkhfj; jd;Dila thypg taJr; nray;fs; - ez;gu;fSld; Rw;WtJ>
mtu;fNshL ntspapy; jq;FtJ vd;gtw;iw nay;yhk; mtd; tpl;Ltpl;lhd;. rpW tajpypUe;J
mg;ghTld; mjpfk; Ngrhky; mtd; ,Ue;Jte;jtd;. mjdhy; Ngr;rpd; %yk; jd; ghrj;ij
mtd; ntspg;gLj;jpajpy;iy. mNjNghy mtUk; tha; jpwe;J jd; Njit vijAk; Nfl;ljpy;iy.
,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Gtiu mtd; Ntiy vjw;Fk; Nghfhky; Rk;kh Rw;wpj; jpupe;jhd;.
mf; fhyj;jpy; mtiu kdj;jhYk; gzj;jhYk; tijj;jpUf;fpwhd;. me;jr; rkaj;jpy; xU
Kiw mg;gh \eP ,g;gbNa ,Ue;jhy; xU ehs; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; xU ehs; jpBnud;W ehd;
ju;k];jhyh Ngha;tpLNtd;| vd;W mtu; $wpdhu;. ,g;NghJ ,e;j ,utpy; mtiuf; fhzhjNghJ
,njy;yhk; epidtpw;F te;jJ. ehd; Ntiy ghu;f;fpNwd;. tPl;L thliff;nfd;W jdpahf
vd;dplkpUe;J khjk; &gha; 200 mg;gh thq;fpf; nfhs;Sfpwhu;. taJ 70 Mdjpd; fhuzkhf
mg;ghtpw;F cly; jsu;r;rp cs;sJ. ,utpy; J}f;fk; tUtjpy;iy. ,it jtpu mtUf;F
NehNah kdf; ftiyNah ,y;iy. mtUf;Fg; gbg;gjpy; <LghL vJTkpy;iy. kidtpiag;
gpupe;J 30 Mz;Lfshfj; jdpahf thOfpwhu;. xUNtis mk;kh capUld; ,Ue;jhy; ,g;gbj;
jpBnud;W ,utpy; fhzhky; NghapUf;fkhl;lhu;. vq;Nfh kzp miu mbj;jJ. Neuk; Mf Mf
kd cisr;ry; mjpfkhdJ. J}f;fk; tuhj mstpw;F ,e;jg; ghuk; mOj;jpaJ. rpy
Mz;Lf;FKd; vd;why; mf;fhit vOg;gp Ciuf; $l;bapUg;Ngd;. nfhQ;rf; fhykhfNt
,j;jifa gugug;Gk; MNtrKk; Fiwe;J kdjpy; xU gf;Ftk; te;Js;sJ.
mg;ghtpw;Fj; JwT kdk; VJk; tutpy;iy. cile;j fz;zhb> gy;Yg; Nghd rPg;G>
fhjw;w ngupa ngupa Nfhzp Crp> ehd; vOjpj; jPu;e;JNghd Ngdh uPgps; vd;W gytw;iwAk;
mtu; ,d;dKk; gj;jpug;gLj;jp> jd;Dila jfug; ngl;bapy; g+l;b itj;Js;shu;. tPl;Lg;
gj;jpuk;> tPl;L tup urPJ ,g;gb midj;ijAk; gj;jpukhf mtNu itj;Js;shu;. mtu;
midj;ijAk; ghJfhg;ghf itf;f> Ntiyf;Fg; NghFk;tiu> ehd; mtUila gzj;ijAk;
fhyj;ijAk; tPzhf;fp ,Uf;fpNwd;. mg;gbapUf;f mtiuf; Fiw $w vdf;F vd;d cupik?
Neuk; Mf Mf gak; kdijg; gw;wpf;nfhz;lJ. VNjh mrk;ghtpjk; tug;NghfpwJ vd;w
FWFWg;G> kdk; KOtJk; epiwe;jpUe;jJ. cly; mYg;Gk; kd cisr;rYk; xd;WNru>
fz;fs; Nyrhf %l ehd; gLf;ifapy; rha;e;Njd;. jpz;izf; fjtpd; cl;gf;fj; jhis
ePf;Fk; rj;jk;. mLj;j nehb Ntfkhf vOe;J ehd; jpz;izapy; ,Ue;Njd;. Nghu;itiaj;
jiyNahL Nru;jJ
; g; Nghu;jj
; pagb g+r;rhz;b fhl;LtJNghy epd;whu;. ehd; iyl;ilg; Nghl;lgb
7

\vq;Nf NghapBq;f| vd;W Mj;jpuj;jpy; tpdtpNdd;. me;jf; fzj;jpy; mg;ghtpd; Kfk; thbtpl;lJ.
MdhYk;> mLj;j nehb> kyu;ej
; Kfj;Jld; \\Rk;kh xU Rj;J te;Njk;gh; ehDk; Kj;jg;gDk;|
vd;whu;. \J}f;fk; tutpy;iy; ,g;gbNa Nuhe;J NghNdhk;| vd;W vd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J mg;gh
rpupj;jhu;. ehDk; vd;id kwe;J> mg;ghtpd; gpufhrkhd Kfk; ghu;j;Jr; rpupj;Njd;. ,g;gb
,UtUk; NeUf;F Neuhfr; rpupj;J vt;tsT fhykpUf;Fk;? vd;Nwh xUehs; mg;gh ,wf;Fk;
tiu ,e;j kyu;e;j rpupg;gpNy mtu; ,Uf;Fk;gb ,dpNky; ehd; elg;Ngd; vd;W kdk; cWjp
nfhz;lJ.
je;ij kfd; cwT ,f; fijapy; typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ. je;ijapd; mUikia mtUila
gpuptpy; kfd; czUtij kpf vjhu;jj
; khf ,f; fij fhl;LfpwJ. kd czu;T mbg;gilapNy
fij mike;Js;sJ.

Ntl; i f:
,f; fijia vOjpath; ngUkhs; KUfd;. ,th; rpWfij> ehty;> jpwdha;T vd;W
njhlh;e;J vOJgth;. \VW ntapy;\> \$s khjhhp\ Mfpa ehty;fisAk;> \epoy; Kw;wk;\
vd;Dk; rpWfijj; njhFg;igAk; ntspapl;Ls;shh;. nfhq;F tl;lhur; nrhw;fs; mfuhjp
xd;iwAk; ntspapl;Ls;shh;. ehkf;fy; muR fiyf; fy;Yhhpapy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpauhfg;
gzpahw;Wfpwhh;.

fij mwpKfk; :
Ntl;if vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfij Mir vd;w nghUisAilaJ. tpLKiw ehspy;> Xh;
,isQd; irf;fps; Xl;br; nry;Yk;NghJ> kpf Ntfkhf> vjph;gLk; vy;NyhiuAk; jhz;b>
jhd; Kjyhtjhfr; nry;y tpUk;Gk; Ntl;ifia ,f;fij $WfpwJ. jdp kdpjd; xUtdpd;
kd Ntl;ifiaf; $WtJ ,f;fij. tapw;Wg; gpiog;gpw;fhf efuj;jpy; tho;fpwhd; Xh;
,isQd;. mtd; FbapUf;Fk; ,lk; / FbapUg;Gg; gFjp midj;Jk; gLNkhrkhf cs;sd.
kpff; FWfyhd njUf;fs;> khbg;gb> mbg;gil trjp ,y;yhj foptiw> fpzW vd;w
R+oypy; gfYk; ,uTk; ntk;ikapNy thLk; R+oypy; mtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;. vdNt> tpLKiw
ehl;fspy;> khiy Neuj;jpy;> ey;y fhw;iwr; Rthrpf;fTk; gugug;gw;w ,aw;ifr; R+oiyf;
fz;L fspf;fTk; mtd; kdk; tpUk;Gk;. mjdhy; khiy Ntisfspy; irf;fpis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
efu Muthuj;ij tpl;L> ntspNa Rw;wp tUthd;. ,jpy; mtDf;F kpFe;j <LghL. md;Wk;
mt;thW irf;fps; xl;br; nrd;whd;. ePz;l rhiyapy;> mlh;e;j Gspa kuq;fs;> tay;ntsp
vd;W irf;fps; Ntfkhfr; nrd;wJ. rhiyapy; Ms; elkhl;lk; VJk; ,y;iy. vg;NghjhtJ
vq;fhtJ rpy kdpj Kfq;fs;. irf;fps; kpf Ntfkhf XbaJ. mtd; kdk; kpFe;j kfpo;rr
; papy;
jpisj;jJ. irf;fpis tpl;Ltpl;L> Gspa kuj;jpd; tpshh;fisg; gw;wpj; jhtpj;jhtpr; nry;y
kdk; tpUk;gpaJ. kdjpd; kfpo;r;rp> ghl;lhfTk; gy tif xypfshfTk; ntspte;jJ. ve;jf;
fl;Lg;ghLkpy;yhky;> clYk; kdKk; ,aq;fpd.
rhiyapy; ahUkpy;iy. jdf;fhfNt mfd;w rhiy ,Ug;gJ Nghd;w czh;T. rpwpJ
J}uk; nrd;wJk;> xU Gspa kuj;jpd; Ntubapy; fpotd; xUtd; cl;fhh;e;J ,Ue;jhd;.
jd;Dila Jzp %l;iliag; gphpj;Jg; Nghl;L> ghh;it kq;fpa jd; fz;fshy; vijNah
cw;Wg; ghh;j;Jj; Johtpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. jdf;F Kd;dhy;> jd;Dila ghijapy;> mf;
fpotidg; ghh;j;jJk;> ,e;j ,isQdpd; Ntfk; $baJ. kpf Ntfkhfr; irf;fpis mOj;jp
,iltplhky; kzp mbj;jhd;. fpotd; jpUk;gNt ,y;iy. ,td; rPo;f;if xyp vOg;gpdhd;.
8

mtd; nrtpNlh vd epidj;jhd;. irf;fpis Ntfkhf mOj;jp> mtd; gf;fkhfr; rha;e;J>

Ca; vd;W xypnaOg;gp fpotd; jiyapy; jl;btpl;L> epkph;e;J kPz;Lk; Ntfkhf Xl;bdhd;.
rw;Wj; njhiyT nrd;W> jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;jhd;. fpotd; js;shbagbNa eLf;fKk; mr;rKk;
nfhz;L vOe;J ghh;j;jhd;. mtDila eLf;fj;ij urpj;jgb irf;fpfs; XbaJ.
,d;Dk; nfhQ;rj; J}uk; jhz;baJk; xU ngz; rhiyapy; Nghtij ,td; fz;lhd;.
ahUkw;w jdpahd R+oy;. vd;whYk; ,ay;ghd Nfhioj;jdKk; mDgtkpd;ikAk; mlq;fpg;
Nghfr; nra;jd. jdpahf cs;s mg; ngz;zplk; tk;G nra;ag;Nghf $l;lkhff; fpuhkj;Jg;
ngz;fs; te;jhy; tpisT vd;dhFk; vd;W mQ;rpdhd;. vdNt mtis mr;RWj;jp Ntbf;if
ghh;f;f KbT nra;jhd;. me;jg; ngz; rhiyapd; eLtpy; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jhs;. irf;fps;
tUk; Xir vohky;> nkJthf Xl;br;;nrd;W> mts; mUfpy; te;jJk; kpf Ntfkhf irf;fps;
kzpia mbj;jhd;. jpBnudf; fhjUfpy; gyj;j kzpNahir Nfl;L mts; mQ;rpr; rhiy
Xuj;jpw;F Xbdhs;. mtSila ,e;j mr;rj;ij urpj;jgb> mts; gf;fkhf irf;fpis
kPz;Lk; nrYj;jpdhd;. mts; muz;LNgha; rhiyapd; eLg;gFjpf;F Xbdhs;. irf;fpSk;
mtis Nehf;fp XbaJ. ,ay;ghf ele;jJNghy> \mtsplk; Xukhfg; Ngha;j; njhiyawJ
jhdk;kh| vd;W rj;jkpl;lgb mtisf; fle;J irf;fps; NghdJ. mts;> jtW KOtJk;
jd;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;;lJ fz;L mjph;e;J> mtidj; jpl;bdhs;. rpwpJ Jhuk; nrd;W epjhdkhf
,e;j trTfiisf; Nfl;Lg; gpd;dh; mtd; irf;fpis kPz;Lk; Ntfkhf Xl;bdhd;.
khiy ntapy; fiuj;j kQ;rs; Fok;ghf ,Ue;jJ. kQ;rs; ntapy; gl;L irf;fps;
gsgsj;jJ. mtd; cw;rhfkhf irf;fpis mOj;jpdhd;. ,g;NghJ vjph;g;gf;fj;jpypUe;J xU
rpWtd; te;jhd;. gs;sptpl;L tPl;bw;Fg; Nghfpwhd; NghYk;. igiaj; jiyapy; khl;bagb
fhyhy; jiuapy; cijj;jgb kpFe;j cw;rhfkhf mtd; te;jhd;. mtidg; ghh;j;jJk;>
irf;fps; Xl;Lk; ,tDf;F cw;rhfk; nghq;fpaJ. fpotdplNkh> ngz;zplNkh FWk;G
nra;jijg;Nghy my;yhky; ,tidg; Gjpa Kiwapy; mZfNtz;Lnkd;W KbT nra;jhd;.
mr;rpWtDf;Fr; irf;fps; Xl;lj;njhpAkh? irf;fpisj; njhl;lhtJ ghh;jj
; pUg;ghdh? xUNtis
\Fuq;F ngly;| Nghl;bUf;fNtz;Lnkd;W vz;zpagb rPo;if xyp vOg;gpagb tpj;ij fhl;l
Muk;gpj;jhd;. ghk;G xd;W Ch;tJ Nghy FWf;Fk; neLf;Fkhf Xl;b tpj;ij fhl;bdhd;>
irf;fps; nrhd;dgb Nfl;lJ. irf;fis Xl;bagbNa rpWtidAk; mtd; urpj;jhd;. rpWtd;
gpuk;ikAld; fz; nfhz;lhky; ,e;j tpj;ijiag; ghh;j;jhd;. mtdplkpUe;J trT vJTk;
tutpy;iy;. ePz;l J}uk;> mr;rpWtdpd; ghh;it gLk;tiu ,t;thW tpj;ij fhl;bagbNa
nrd;W> gpwF epjhdkhfr; irf;fpis Xl;bdhd;. ePz;l J}uk; irf;fps; Xl;ba NghjpYk;
clypy; mYg;Gj; Njhd;wtpy;iy. kdk; cw;rhfkhf ,Ue;jJ ,jw;F fhuzkhFk;. jd;idg;Nghy
ahUk; irf;fps; Xl;l KbahJ> vjph;g;gLk; midtiuAk; kpusr; nra;J> irf;fpspy; tpj;ij
fhl;Lk; typik jdf;Fz;L vd;git me;j ,isQdpd; MSikg; gz;Gfshf ,Ue;jd.
mbg;gilapy;> kdjpy; ,Ue;j Ntl;if ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.
Ntfj;ijf; Fiwf;fhky;> irf;fpis Xl;bdhd;. jdf;Fr; rw;W Kd;dhy; ,d;ndhUtd;
irf;fpis epjhdkhf Xl;bg;Nghdhd;. mtidg; ghh;j;jJk;> NtW rpe;jidNa ,y;yhky;
mtid Ke;j tpUk;gpdhd;. kdk; epidj;jijr; irf;fps; nray;gLj;jpaJ. xU nehbapy;
mtidr; irL thq;fp kpf Ntfkhff; fle;J ,td; Kd;Nd nrd;whd;. mj;Jld;> jiyiaj;
jpUg;gp ef;fyhf mtidg; ghh;j;Jr; rphpj;jhd;. jd;idAk; kPwp ,r;nray; ele;jJ> mtidr;
rPz;Ltjw;fhf ,ijr; nra;atpy;iy vd;W rw;Wj; njhiyT nrd;wgpd; mtd; kdjpy;
9

Njhd;wpaJ. ehyb J}uk;$l nrd;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltd; kpFe;j MNtrj;NjhL

,tidj; jhz;bg; Nghdhd;. Nghd Ntfj;jpy; jpUk;gpg;ghh;j;J Vsdkhfr; rphpj;jhd;. ,td;
kdjpy; jP %z;lJ. tk;Gf;F miof;fpwhd; vd;W njhpe;jJ. jd;nraYf;F mJ gjpy; nray;
vd;W mikjp nfhs;s; Kbatpy;iy. ,g;NghJ ,tDila Kiw. kPz;Lk; Ntfkhfr; nrd;W
mtidf; fle;jhd;. rw;Wj; njhiyT NghdTld; vjphpy; xU khl;Ltz;b te;jJ. mjd;
nkJthd ,af;fk; ,th;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. rhiyapy; rpwpa ,ilntsp. tz;b flf;Fk;
tiu ,UtUk; epjhdkhfNt Nghf Ntz;ba fl;lhak;. kw;wtd; gpNuf; Nghl;L epjhdpf;f>
,td; kpf Ntfkhfr; irf;fpis mOj;jp Kd;Ndwptpl;lhd;. ePz;l J}uk; ,td; jhz;b
te;Jtpl;lhd;. vjphpy; kpf Ntfj;NjhL te;j fhUf;fhf top xJq;fp> Gspa ku Nth;fspy;
Kl;bg; gs;sj;jpy; epw;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. epjhdpg;gjw;Fs;> mtd; vd;idf; fle;J Ngha;
tpl; l hd; . ghl; L g; ghb mtd; kfpo; r ; r pahfg; Nghdhd; . mJ vd; i d kpFe; j
Mj;jpuj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpaJ. Gspa ku Nthpy; Nkhjpajpy;> ngly; ,bj;J fhypy; cz;lhd
rpuha;g;gpd; vhpr;ry;> Kl;fs; Fj;jpajhy; cz;lhd typ> mtd; fle;J Nghdjhy; Vw;gl;l
uzk; vy;yhk; xd;W Nrh;e;jd. kPz;Lk; Nuhl;bw;F te;J kpFe;j Ntfj;jpy; irf;fps; NghdJ.
mtidf; fhztpy;iy. xUehSk; ,Jtiu Nghfhj Ntfj;jpy; irf;fps; NghdJ. rw;Wj;
njhiyT Nghdgpd; mtd; fz;fspy; njd;gl;lhd;. Nuhl;bd; Xuj;jpy; irf;fpis epWj;jp
VNjh gOJ ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtidg; ghh;j;jJk; ehd; Ntfk; vLj;J mtidg;
ghh;jJ
; f; fj;jptpl;L Ntfkhfr; nrd;Nwd;. kPzL
; k; Ntfkhfr; nrd;W> ePzl
; J}uk; fle;jhfptpl;lJ.
,uT te;jJ. ve;j irf;fpSk; ,dpNky; jd;id Ke;jptplhjgb kpf Ntfkhf mtd;
irf;fps; Ngha;f;nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.
,sk; tajpy; irf;fps; Xl;Lk; xUtDila kd Ntl;ifia tpsf;FtJ ,e;jf;
fij. ahUk; jd;id Ke;jNth kpQ;rp tplNth $lhJ vd;w kd Ntl;if ,jpy; nray;gLgijf;
fhz;fpNwhk;.

khaf; fpspfs; :
;
,f; fijia vOjpath; [P. KUfd;. ,th; kpd;dZtpay; gbj;jth;. jw;NghJ tptrhak;
nra;J tUfpwhh;. jpUtz;zhkiy khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;. ehty;> rpWfijfs; vOJgth;.
\rhAk; fhyk;| vd;w rpWfijj; njhFg;Gk;> \fdTf; fhyk;| vd;w ehtiyAk; vOjpAs;shh;.
tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; fij nrhy;Ygth;. nkhopia kpf El;gkhff; ifahSgth;.

fij mwpKfk; :
tha;nkhopf; fij xd;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ,f; fij vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. murp xUj;jpapd;
Kiwaw;w cwit ,f; fij tpsf;FfpwJ. mts; vt;thW Gj;jpf; $h;ikAld; mijr;
nra;J> ke;jphpapd; nraiy Kwpabf;fpwhs; vd;gJ fij. xU ehl;bd; murd; Ntl;ilf;Fg;
NghdNghJ> fhl;by; Xh; mofhd ngz; vjph;g;gl;lhs;. jd;idtpl tajpy; kpf ,isatshd
mg;ngz;zpd; mofpy; kaq;fp> mtis kze;J> gl;lj;J uhzpahf ehl;bw;F mioj;J
te;jhd;. Ntl;ilf;Fg; Nghdtd;> ,g;gbj; jpUk;Gthd; vd;W ahUk; vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy.
ke;jphp mjph;r;rpapy; ciwe;JNghdhh;. fhl;bYs;s xU ngz; murpahdJ ke;jphpf;F
cld;ghby;iy. MdhYk;> murd; nraiyf; Nfs;tp Nfl;f KbahJ. me;j ehl;by;> ,jw;F
Kd; ve;j murUk; ,t;thW nra;jjpy;iy. mur tk;r kugpw;F ,J ,Of;F vd;W mth;
fUjpdhh;. murd; Foe;ij ,ay;G cilatd;. Mh;tk; fhuzkhfj; jpBnud;W vijahtJ
nra;JtpLthd;. Mdhy;> ePz;l fhykhf murpaypy; ,Ue;JtUk; ke;jphpapd; nrhy;iy
kjpg;gtd;. jpUkzk; nra;jJ mtDila nrhe;j tp~ak;. mjpy; gpwh; jiyapl KbahJ.
10

murp Vuhskhd ghly;fisr; rPjdkhf muz;kidf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhs;. mts; ghbdhy;>

me;jg;Gunkq;Fk; fspg;Gk; cy;yhrKk; $Lk;. tpjtpjkhd gwitfs; muz;kidf;F tUk;.
nrbfs; g+j;Jf; FYq;Fk;. murid jd; ,irahYk;> mofhYk; mts; mbikahf;fp
itj;jpUe;jhs;. ehl;fs; nrd;wd.
murpf;F> kpf tpiutpNy murdplk; rypg;G Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ. murdhy; mtSf;Fr;
rhpahf <LnfhLf;f Kbatpy;iy. xU fhl;lhw;iw mtd; muz;kidapy; rpiwg;gLj;jptpl;lhd;.
mJjhd; mtd; nra;j jtW. Mdhy; mij mtd; czuhjtdhfTk; ,Ue;jhd;. mtSila
Ntl;ifia mtd; czutpy;iy. tpisT> mts; murDf;Fj; njhpahky; gpw Mlth;fSld;
njhlh;Gnfhz;lhs;. murd; mtSf;Fg; ghprhfg; gj;J fpspfisf; nfhLj;jhd;. nfhbfspdhyhd
xU $z;ilr; nra;J mjpy; mtw;iw itj;J mts; tsh;j;jhs;. mf; $z;il vg;NghJk;
jd; gLf;if miwapNy itj;jpUe;jhs;. ,uz;L fpspfisf; nfhd;W> kjpYf;F ntspNa
tPrpdhs;. jd;NdhL cwT nfhs;Sk; ,uz;L gil tPuh;fisf; fpspfshf;fp> kw;w fpspfNshL
itj;jpUe;jhs;. Njitg;gLk;NghJ mtw;iw cUkhw;wk; nra;J ,d;gk; nfhs;Sths;.
muz;kidapd; ghJfhg;G ke;jphpapd; Neubg; ghh;itapy; ,Ue;jJ. Fwpg;ghf me;jg;Gug;
ghJfhg;gpy; - murd;> murp ghJfhg;gpy; mth; jdp ftdk; nrYj;jpdhh;. ke;jphpapd; xw;wh;fs;
cstwpe;J kjpYf;F ntspNa ,uz;L fpspfs; nfhy;yg;gl;Lf; fplg;gij ke;jphpaplk; $wpdh;.
murp> ke;jphpapd; $h;ikahd csTg; ghh;itapy; jhd; ,Ug;gij czuj; jtwptpl;lhs;.
nrj;Jg;Nghd fpspfs; ,uz;Lk; ,g;NghJ ke;jphpf;F Kd;dhy; ,Ue;jd. mit murdhy;
mtSf;Fg; ghprhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lit. me;jg;Guj;jpy; tsUk; fpspfisf; fzf;fpl;L tUkhW
xw;wid mDg;gpdhh;. xw;wd; gj;J fpspfs; gj;jpukhf ,Ug;gjhff; $wpdhd;. El;gkhd
mwpTila ke;jphpf;F murpapd; R+o;rr
; p Ghpe;jJ. me;jr; rjpr; nraiyj; jhNd jfh;jn
; jwpe;Jtpl
ke;jphp KbT nra;jhh;. murpapd; fhjy; kaf;fj;jpy; fl;Lz;Lfplf;Fk; murDf;F mtSila
rjpr; nraiy vt;thW Gupa itg;gJ vd;W ke;jphp Nahrpj;jhh;. fpspfs; ke;jphpapd; xw;wuhy;
fzf;fplg;gl;lJNk murp jhd; trkhf khl;bf; nfhz;lijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhs;. jhd;
mtrug;gl;L ,Ufpspfisf; nfhd;W kjpYf;F ntspNa vwpe;jJ jtW vd czh;e;jhs;.
kd;dDf;F ,J njhpa tUkhdhy; jd; fjp vd;d MFNkh vd murp mQ;rp eLq;fpdhs;.
md;iwa khiyg;nghOjpy; murd; muz;kidf;F te;jNghJ murp mtid tuNtw;Wg;
ghltpy;iy. tof;fkhd cw;rhfj;Jld; mts; ,y;iy. fpspfs; ,uz;L ,we;JNghd Jauj;jpy;
murp ,Ug;gjhf vz;zpf; nfhz;L murd; mtSf;F MWjy; $wpdhd;. jhd; mtSf;F
MirNahL fhjy; ghprhff; nfhLj;j fpspfNshL me;epa ehl;L ,uz;L xw;wu;fs; fpspfshf
cUkhwp fpspf; $z;by; Eioe;J cs;sdh; vdTk;> ehl;bd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd mr;RWj;jyhf
mit mikAk; vd;gjhy; mit ,uz;ilAk; nfhd;W tpLkhW ke;jphpf;F mg;NghJjhd;
cj;jutpl;L te;jjhf murd; $wpdhd;. NtW ,U Gjpa fpspfs; thq;fpj; jUtjhfTk;
murd; mtsplk; $wpdhd;.
murDf;Fj; jd; rjp njhpahky; ,Ug;gij murp Ghpe;Jnfhz;L epk;kjpahfg; ngU%r;R
tpl;lhs;. me;jg;Guj;Jg; gLf;ifaiwapy; cs;s $z;by; vg;gbg; gif ehl;L xw;wh; ,Uth;
CLUt KbAk; vd;W murp Nfl;lhs;. mjw;F Mjhukpy;iy vd;whYk;> ke;jphp> Mjhuhkpy;yhky;
re;Njfg;glkhl;lhh; vd;Wk; murd; $wpdhd;. jd;Dila ehl;bd; Njrpa rpd;dq;fshd
fpspfisf; nfhd;W tpLtjhd nray; jdf;F tUj;jk;
jUtjhfTk;> Mdhy; mit
11

Nghypf; fpspfs; vd;Wk; murd; $wpdhd;. murd; mstpw;fjpfkhf ke;jphpia ek;GtijAk;

jd;Dila jtwhd elj;ij murDf;Fj; njhpahky; ,Ug;gijAk; mwpe;jhs; murp. ke;jphpapd;
nraiy vt;thW ,dp Kwpabg;gJ vd;W murp kdjpy; jpl;lkplj; njhlq;fpdhs;.
murd; me;jg;Guk; tpl;L ntspNawp> MNyhrid kz;lgj;jpy; ke;jphpAld; Ngrpagb
,Ue;jhd;. mg;NghJ xU Nrtfd; te;J tpy;yhsd; xUtd; te;Js;sij mwptpj;jhd;.
Njhl;lj;jpy; mtidr; re;jpg;gjhf murd; $wpdhd;. ke;jphpapd; Kd;Nahridfisf; Nfl;L>
mjd;gb nraw;gl;L> ehl;il ey;topapy; murhz;L tUfpwhd;. ke;jphp Njh;e;j ehl;L
tpRthrpahjyhYk; mtUila mDgtj;jhYk; murd; mtiu kpfTk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdhd;.
,g;NghJ> ke;jphpapd; MNyhridapd;gb> tpy;yhsidj; Njhl;lj;jpy; re;jpf;f> ke;jphpAld;
Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;whd;.
tpy;yhsdpd; fz;fs; ,uz;ilAk; fl;b> ,ufrpag; ghij topahfr; Nrtfd; xUtd;
me;jg;Guj;Jj; Njhl;lj;jpw;Ff; $l;bte;jhd;. mr; NrtfNd mtd; fz;fl;Lfis mtpo;jJ
; tpl;lhd;.
tpy;yhsp murdplNkh> gpw mjpfhhpfsplNkh VJk; Ngrtpy;iy. fUkNk fz;zhf ,Ue;jhd;.
murpapd; me;jg;Guj;Jg; gs;sp miwapy; Eioe;Js;s Nghypahd ,uz;L fpspfis ,dq;fz;L>
mtw;iwf; nfhy;y te;Js;sjhf mtd; $wpdhd;. murdpd; fl;lisg;gb Nrtfd; xUtd;
me;jg;Guj;Jg; gs;spaiwapypUe;J fpspf; $z;il vLj;Jtur; nrd;whd;. $z;by; Vw;gl;l
khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf mjpy; epiyFiyT Vw;gl;lJ. mjdhy; fpspfs; glglg;Gld; Muthuk;
nra;jd. $z;ilf; nfhLj;J mDg;gptpl;L> elg;gij mwpAk;nghUl;L murp rhsuk; topNa
elg;gijf; $h;ikahff; ftdpj;Jte;jhs;. tpy;yhsd; $z;ilj; jpwf;f> fpspfs; gwe;jd.
Njhl; l j; j pw; F s; gwe; J nry; Y k; fpspfspy; fs; s f; fpspfis milahsk; fz; L
nfhd;WtpLtJjhd; jd; gof;fk; vd;W tpy;yhsd; $wpdhd;. $z;bw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
fpspfisf; nfhy;tJ mwk; ,y;yhj nray; vdTk; tpy;yhsd; $wpdhd;. mg;gbj; jd;dhy;
nra;a KbahJ Nghdhy;> jhd; capiu ,of;fTk; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhf me;j tpy;yhsd;
$wpdhd;. ke;jphpf;F ,e;j Vw;ghLfs; ahTk; njhpe;jgbahy; mth; mikjpahf elg;gijg;
ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
$z;ilj; jpwe;jJk; fpspfs; glglj;Jg; gwe;jd. tpy;yhsp mtw;iwj; Juj;jpr; nrd;whd;.
fs;sf; fpspfis ,dq;fz;L> mtw;iwf; nfhd;W tpy;yhsd; vLj;JtUthd; vd;w vjph;ghh;gg
; py;
murDk; ke;jphpAk; MtYld; fhj;jpUe;jdh;. rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; mk;Gfshy; jhf;fg;gl;L caphpoe;j
%d;W fpspfis murd;Kd; tpy;yhsp itj;jhd;. gpwF mtd; jhd; itj;jpUe;j xU
ghj;jpuj;ijj; jpwe;J mjpypUe;j ePiu vLj;J mf; fpspfs;kPJ njspj;jhd;. ePh;gl;l mstpNy
%d;W fpspfSk; capuw;w %d;W kdpj cly;fshf khwpd. mtw;iwf; fz;l ke;jphp
mjph;r;rpapy; kaf;fk; mile;jhh;. me;j %d;W kdpj cly;fspy; ,Uth; gil tPuh;fs;.
%d;whtJ cly; ke;jphpapd; kfd;. rhsuj;jpd; topNa ,ijg; ghh;j;j murp rphpj;jhs;.
kWehs; fhiyapy; ehl;L kf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; ikjhdj;jpy; gypgPlj;jpd; Kd; me;j
tpy;yhsd; gypaplg;gLtjw;fhfg; ngz; Ntlj;jpy; epWj;jg; gl;bUe;jhd;. jhd; jtW vJTk;
nra;ahjNghJ jdf;F Vd; ,e;jj; jz;lid vd MNtrj;jhy; mtd; Jbj;jhd;. ke;jphpapd;
MNyhrid vd;gjhy;> murd; kWg;G VJk; $whky;> tpy;yhsdpd; jiy gypaplg;gLtjw;F
Miz gpwg;gpj;jhd;. gypapLk; Neuk; neUq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. murDf;F
; vJTk; Ghpatpy;iy.
me;epa ehl;L csthspfs; fpspfshf cUkhwp me;jg;Guj;jpy; CLUtpAs;sjhf ke;jphp
12

$wpdhh;. jd; ehl;Lg; giltPuh;fs; ,UtUk; ke;jphpapd; kfDk; my;yth fpspfshf

cUkhwpAs;sdh;. ,J vg;gb vd;gJ murDf;Fg; Ghpatpy;iy. fpspfs; ahTk; gwe;J
Nghdjhy; murpf;F vd;d gjpy; nrhy;YtJ vdTk; murd; jpifj;jhd;. gyp elf;fNtz;ba
Neuk;. mg;NghJ murDf;F murpaplkpUe;J mtrukhd nra;jp te;jJ. gwe;JNghd fpspfs;
gj;Jk; gj;jpukhfj; jpUk;gp te;Jtpl;ld vd;gJ nra;jp.

tP L :
,f; fijia vOjpath; fhQ;rdh jhNkhjud;. ,th; jpUney;Ntypiar; rhh;e;jth;.
nrd;idapYs;s ,e;jpaj; njhopy; El;gf; fofj;jpy; nghwpapay; fy;tp gbj;Jtpl;L> mnkhpf;fh
nrd;wth;. ,g;NghJ mq;F trpj;J tUfpwhh;. jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; ,uz;bYk; vOJgth;. RpWfij>
fl;Liu> nkhop ngah;g;G> Neh; fhzy; Mfpatw;iw vOJtJld;> mwptpay; fijfSk;
vOjptUfpwhh;. tuk; vd;Dk; mtuJ rpWfijj; njhFg;G ntspte;Js;sJ.

fij mwpKfk; :
nghpa> me;j tPl;bYs;s J}zpd;kPJ mts; rha;e;J epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhs;. ey;y
Njf;F kuj;jhyhd> Ntiyg;ghLila J}z;fs; epiwe;j tPL. J}Zf;Fj; J}z;> xNu jhtypy;
jhTk; tpisahl;by; mts;jhd; vg;NghJk; n[apg;ghs;. mtSila jhj;jhtpd; tPL. jhj;jh
me;j CUf;F uh[h khjphp. Chpy; gQ;rhaj;J xd;W ,Ue;jhYk;> tof;Fj; jPhf
; f
; > nghq;fyd;W
Mrph;thjk; ngw vd;W midj;jpw;Fk; Ch;f;fhuh;fs; jhj;jhtplk;jhd; tUthh;fs;. mk;kd;
nfhilapd;NghJ fufhl;lf;fhhp me;j tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy;jhd; jhj;jhtpd; Kd; Mbf;fhl;Lths;.
nghpa ngz;zhfj; jhd; tsh;e;jJk;> nrk;igj; jiyapy; itj;Jj; jhDk; fufk; Ml
Ntz;Lk; vd me;j ehl;fspy; mts; fdT fz;lhs;.
tPl;bd; g+ir miwapy;> mgpN~fg; nghUs;fSk;> tpg+jpAk; kzk; tPRk;. Kjd;
Kjypy; mth;fs; tPl;by;jhd; fpuhk Nghd; ngl;bAk;> ,irj; jl;Lk; te;jd. jpahfuh[
ghftjh; ghba ghl;L gioa Qhgfq;fisj; J}z;btpl;lJ. mg;gh> nghpag;gh vd Mz;
gps;isfs;> fpzw;Wf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy;> Nghl;b Nghl;Lg; gl;lk; tpLth;. mts; nghpa ngz;zhFk;
tiujhd; Kd; fl;Lf;Fg; Nghf Kbe;jJ. gpwF tho;f;if KOtJk; gpd; fl;by;jhd;.
mLg;gb> fpzw;wb> mq;Fs;s thdk; ,itjhd; ngz;fspd; ,lk;. Kd;fl;by; ,Ue;jgb
Mz; gps;isfs; Fuy; nfhLj;jhy; mj;ij> nghpak;kh> ghl;b vd midtUk; gugug;gh;.
ghl;b fijfs; nrhy;ypg; gps;isfSf;F ifapy; NrhW nfhLg;ghs;. mg;NghJ ,uhkhazk;>
ghujk; vd;W epiwa fijfs; $Wths;. Mdhy;> ve;jf; fijapYk; Nfs;tp Nfl;ff; $lhJ.
Ky;iyf; nfhbf;F me;j murd; (ghhp) xU nfhk;igg; gluf; nfhLj;jhnyd;d? Njiu tpw;W
epiwa Viog; gps;isfSf;Fr; rhg;ghL Nghl;lhnyhd;d? mth;fisg; gbf;f itj;jhnyd;d?
vd;w mtSila ,e;jf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; tuhJ. Nrhw;W cUz;ilapy; ghl;bapd;
if kzk; tPRk;.
tPl;by; fUg;;gl;b fha;r;Rk; ehspy;> nghpak;khtpd; kfd; fpzw;wpy; Fjpj;J ,we;jhd;.
nghpak;khtpd; tPl;ilAk; nghpag;ghitAk; Njw;wpdhs;. mts; moNt apy;iy. jhj;jh
CUf;F uhIh vd;why; nghpak;kh ke;jphp khjphp. Chpy; cs;sth;fs; ftiynay;yhk; Nfl;L
nghpak;kh MNyhrid $Wths;. jpUkzkhfp> ,uz;L tU~j;jpy;> tpijitahfp tPL te;j
mj;ijf;Fg; nghpak;khjhd; vy;yhk;. mjdhy;jhd; ghl;b> \rptfdp rptfdpjhd;| vd;W ghuhl;bajd;
mh;j;jk; gpd;dhy;jhd; Ghpe;jJ. nghpak;kh tPl;bd; gpd;fl;bw;Fk; Kd;fl;bw;Fk; ghykhf
13

,Ue;jhs;. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; rppdpkh ghh;f;f tz;b fl;bf;nfhz;L mLj;j fpuhkj;jpw;Fg;

NghfNtz;Lk;. mDkjp jUKd; jhj;jh Nfl;Fk; E}whapuk; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; nghpak;kh epd;W
gjpy; nrhy;Yths;. eif thq;f> Gjpjhfj; jhtzp thq;f> vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; jhj;jhit kPwpr;
nray;gl nghpak;khNt Jiz. nghpak;khtpd; kfd; Mz; gps;is. mtd; irf;fps; Xl;lyhk;.
,ts; ngz; gps;is. ,tSf;Fr; irf;fps; vjw;F? vd;W jhj;jh jil nra;jNghJ> \\eP
nghpatshfp> fnyf;luhfp uhzp Nghyf; fhh; tplyhk; mohNj| vd;W Njw;wpaJ nghpak;khjhd;.
,ts; gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;gpy; khepyj;jpNy 2 Mtjhf te;jhs;. gj;jphpiffspy; glk; te;jJ.
nghwpapay; fy;Y}hpapy; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mirg;gl;lNghJ jhj;jh jil tpjpj;jhh;.
\mJ Mk;gis gbg;G; mq;F gbj;Jg; ngah; nfl;lhy;> ehis vtd; ,tisf; fl;Lthd;|
vd;gJ jhj;jhtpd; thjk;. me;jr; rpWkpapd; kdjpy; vJNth nghRq;fpaJ. jpUkzk; kl;Lk;jhdh
tho;f;if? nghpak;kh jhj;jhit vg;gbr; rkhspj;jhNsh? mts; Mir ntd;wJ. nghwpapay;
gbj;jJk; mtSf;F khg;gps;is fpilf;Fk;Kd; Ntiy fpilj;jJ. kPz;Lk; Kd;fl;L KZ
KZg;Gfis jhz;b mts; Ntiy ghh;jj
; hs;. mtSf;F khg;gps;isAk; mike;jhd;. kidtp>
jha;> nghpa gd;dhl;L epWtdj;jpd; iluf;lh; vd;nwy;yhk; mts; tsh;e;jhs;. fl;ba
fztd; Mjuthf ,Ue;jhd;. \cdf;F vJ mtrpak;> vJ rhpd;D gLNjh> mj cd;dhy
nra;a KbaDk;. mJjhd; Kf;fpak;| vd;whs; nghpak;kh. te;j fztUk; mij mg;gbNa
Mjhpj;jhh;.
nghpak;khjhd; ,d;iwa mtSila tsh;r;rpf;F mb ehjk;. nghpak;kh> ghl;b>
mk;kh> mj;ij vd;W gpd;fl;L cwTfs; mtSf;F Nth;fshapd. ntspj; Njhl;lj;jpy;
,g;NghJ ele;J ghh;f;Fk;NghJ tPL ed;whfj; njhpe;jJ. gpd;fl;L> eL Kw;wk;> Kd;fl;L vd
vy;yhk; ,ize;jJjhd; tPL vd;gij KOikahf mts; ,g;NghJ njhpe;J nfhz;lhs;.
fijfspd; Mrphpah; Fwpj;Jk;> fij mwpKfk; Fwpj;Jk; njhpe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;. fijapd;
fUj;J> mjd; tbtk;> mij ntspg;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; vd;gd Fwpj;J mLj;J mwpNthk;.

-----------000-----------

14

ghlk; - 2

rpWfijfs; czh;j;Jk; tho;tpay;

rpWfijfs; ehk; fhZk; tho;f;ifapd; ntspg;ghLfshFk;. jdp kdpjd;> FLk;gk;>
r%fk; vd;w gy epiyfspy; cs;s tho;f;if mDgtq;fis ,f; fijfs; ekf;Ff;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. vdNt ,e;jg; ghlj;jpy;> fijfs; jUk; tho;f;if mDgtq;fis ehk; njhpe;J
nfhs;s ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

gs;sj; njU:
rhjpapd; ngauhy; kdpjh;fs;> fhyq;fhykhf xLf;fg;gl;L tUfpwhh;fs;. nghUshjhuk;>
gpwg;gpdhy; tUk; rhjp Nkyhjpf;fk; vd;w ,uz;L jsq;fspy; epd;W nfhz;L jkf;Ff;
fPog
; g
; l;lth;fis mlf;fp Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,t;thW xLf;fg;gLgth;fs; xd;W Nrh;eJ
;
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jgth;fis vjph;jj
; hy; Mjpf;fr; rf;jpfs; gpd; thq;fptpLk;; Mjpf;fk;> nfhLik
vd;w epiy khWk;; kdpjh;fs; midtUk; rkk; vd;w epiy cUthFk; vd;gij ,f; fij
fhl;LfpwJ. xLf;fg;gl;lth;fs; xd;W Nrh;eJ
; vjph;ff
; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,f; fij typAWj;JfpwJ.
xw;Wik czh;Tk; mlf;F Kiwf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLk; FzKk; ,d;iwf;F mbkl;lj;J
kf;fSf;F ,Uf;fNtz;ba gz;Gfs; vd;gij tpsf;Ftjw;fhfg; gs;sj;njU vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
r%fk; rhh;ej
; tho;if mDgtk; ,f; fijapy; czh;jj
; g;gLfpwJ. fhyq;fhykhf kdpjh;fsplk;
gbe;Jtpl;l kd czh;it> MSikia khw;wp mikf;fNtz;ba Njit ,d;W cs;sJ.
rhjpapd; ngauhy;> jdpj;jdp jPthf kdpjh;fs; ,Uf;Fk;tiu xLf;FKiwj; Jd;gk;
njhlh;e;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; jq;fSf;Fs;s taJ NtWghL> Mz;
ngz; NtWghL> gbg;G> Ntiy ghh;f;Fk; #oy;> nghUshjhuk;> ,Ug;gplk;> cl;rhjpg; gphpT
vd;w gytpjkhd NtWghLfis tpl;Ltpl;L xw;WikAld; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij gbg;gth;fs;
njhpe;Jnfhs;SkhW ,f;fij epfo;r;rpfis> ,jaNte;jd; mikj;Js;shh;. ,e;j epfo;rpfs;
jk;Ks; xd;W Nrh;e;J fijf; fUitg; gbg;gtUf;F czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
Chpd; njUf;fspd; mikg;G> mtw;wpYs;s rhjpaikg;G (gs;sh;> rf;fpypah;) vd;gd
Kjypy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjD}lhf mk; kf;fSila njhopy;> nghUshjhu epiy>
,Ug;gplk; vd;git tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. njU mikg;G> efh;g; gFjpapypUe;J cs;Ns js;sp
mike;jpUf;Fk; tho;tplk;;> Ntiyf;fhfTk;> NtW NjitfSf;fhfTk;> efur; rhiyfSf;F
te;JNghfpd;w gs;sj; njU kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiy ,jpy; ed;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;jg; gpd;dzpjhd; fijf;F caph; ehb. xt;nthU gbepiyapYk;> cau; rhjpf;fhuu;fspd;
tho;f;if epiyf;Fk;> gs;sj;njU kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyf;Fk; ngUj;j Kuz;ghLk;>
,ilntspAk; ,Ug;gijr; rpWfij Mrphpah; kpf mOj;jkhfTk; El;gkhfTk; ,jpy;
Gyg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
gs;sj; njUtpDila mikg;G CUf;F tlf;Nf Chpd; vy;iy KbAkplj;jpy; xU
15

gs;sj;jhf;fpy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,e;jj; njUtpypUe;j xLf;fg;gl;l rhjpapdUf;Fk;> CUf;F

cs;Ns> nghpa fhydp vdg;gLk; NrhpapYs;s jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;Fk; vd;WNk xw;Wik
,y;iy. mth;fSf;Fs; kz cwT cs;spl;l ve;j xl;LwTk; fpilahJ. gs;sj; njUtpy;
,Ug;gth;fs;> Nrhpapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; Mfpa ,UtUNk> nghUshjhuj;jpy; kpfTk; gpd;jq;fpath;fs;.
ngUk;ghYk; $yp Ntiy nra;J gpiog;gth;fs;. %j;j jiyKiwapdh; fhyq;fhykhf Nkw;
rhjpf;fhuh;fSf;F mlq;fp> ,Jjhd; ek; jiynaOj;J vd;W xLq;fpg;Nghfpwth;fs;. Mdhy;
,isQh;fs;> Mjpf;fg; Nghf;if vjph;f;fpwhu;fs;. efug; gFjpapYs;s> gbj;j> nghUshjhu
trjpAk;> rhjp Nkyhjpf;fKk;> Ntiy ntl;b vJTkpy;yhj ,isQu;fs; ,k; kf;fisf;
fhuzkpd;wp tk;gpw;F ,Oj;J te;jdh;. ,jdhy; gs;sj; njUtpYs;s kf;fs;> ngUk;ghYk;
mQ;rp xJq;fpNa tho;e;jdh;. MdhYk; mt;tg;NghJ cah; rhjpf;fhuh;fs; ,th;fis tk;Gf;F
,Oj;Jj; Jd;GWj;jpdh;.
fijapd; Kjw; gFjp ,e;jg; gpd;dzpia ed;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf cs;sJ. mjd;
gpd;dh; %d;W epfo;rpfs; fijf; fUit tpsf;Ftjw;Nfw;g mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Ntiyf;fhfTk;
Njitahd nray;fSf;fhfTk; gs;sj; njU kf;fs; Chpd; Kf;fpar; rhiyf;F te;JNghtJ
tof;fk;. mg;gbj;jhd; Kjy; epfo;r;rp mikfpwJ. xUehs; khiy> tajpy; nghpatuhd
fjph;NtY> gs;sj; njUtpypUe;J Ch;g; gFjpapYs;s
; rhuhaf; filf;F tUfpwhh;. filapypUe;j
,isQdhd ,g;uhfpk; fjph;NtYit tk;Gr; rz;;ilf;F ,Oj;J> mbj;J cijj;Jj;
Jd;GWj;Jfpwhd;. Vw;fdNt ehs; KOtJk; Ntiyghh;j;J te;j mYg;Gk;> ,td; mbj;Jj;
Jd;GWj;jpajhy; Vw;gl;l typAk; fjph;NtYitg; nghpJk; ghjpj;jd. Kjypy; el;G Kiwapy;
eifr;Ritahfj;jhd;> fjph;NtY Ngr;irj; Jtf;fpdhd;. Mdhy;> ,g;uhfpk; mijj; jtwhf
vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> fjph;NtYit cijf;fpwhd;. jhd; cah;rhjp vd;gJk;> jhd; nghUis
tpw;gtd; vd;gJk; jdf;NfAhpa cah; jFjpfs; vd;W mtd; vz;Zfpwhd;;. jd;dplk; rhuhak;
thq;fte;j xLf;fg;gl;l rhjpf;fhud; jd;dplk; el;G Kiwapy;$l eifr;Ritahfg; NgRtij
mtdhy; nghWf;f Kbatpy;iy. th;f;f> rhjp NtWghLfs; je;j Mjpf;fj; jpkph; ,g;uhfpik
cRg;gptpLfpwJ. mjdhy;> taJ NtWghL ,d;wp jd;idtpl tajpy; nghpatuhd fjph;NtYit
Vf trdj;Jld; nfl;l thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;b mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;Jfpwhd;.

\cd; tanrd;d; vd; tanrd;d? vd;idf; if ePl;b mbf;fw; ehd; nfhQ;r J}uk;
Ngha; vq;f nghpa Nrhpapy Fbr;RfpNwd;| vd;W fjph;NtY $Wfpwhh;. jd;id mtkhdg;gLj;jpa
mtdplk; jk; gzj;ij ,oe;jhy; $l guthapy;iy> mtd; filapy; ruf;F thq;f Ntz;lhk;
vd;w Kbtpw;F mtd; tUfpwhd;. J~;lidf; fz;lhy; J}u tpyFk; kdg;ghd;ik mtdplk;
nraw;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; fjph;NtYit mg;gbj; jd; tpUg;gk; Nghyr; nraw;gl ,g;uhfpk;
kWf;fpwhd.; jdf;F vy;yh epiyfspYk; fPNoAs;s jho;ej
; rhjpf;fhud; mtd; tpUg;gk;Nghyr;
nray;gLtjh vd;w Mjpf;fj; jpkph; ,g;uhfpkplk; jiy J}f;FfpwJ. kPz;Lk; fjph;NtYit
mbj;J cijj;Jj; jd; filapNy rhuhak; thq;fr;;nrhy;ypf; fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpwhd;. \,e;jh 5
&gha;; nfhLf;fpwij nfhL; vd;dhy cij jhq;f Kbay| vd;W mQ;rp mbgzpfpwhd;
fjph;NtY. cah; rhjp kdepiy vg;gb vy;yhk; nraw;gLfpwJ vd;gij kdpj cwtpy;> r%f
mikg;gpy;> vt;thW kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w tpyq;Fzh;r
; r
; p NkNyhq;fpAs;sJ vd ,jdhy; mwpayhk;.
kw;nwhU epfo;rpapy; eluhrDf;Fk; mtd; kidtp fkyhTf;Fkpilapy; FLk;gr; rz;il
epfo;fpwJ. ,uT kzp VohfpAk; tPlb
; y; Nrhwhf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ mtd; Fw;wr;rhl;L. fld;fhudplk;
16

gzk; ngwr;nrd;W fhj;jpUe;J mtd; tuhjjhy; mts; jpUk;g Neukhapw;W. ,jdhy;

mth;fspilNa rz;il. mtd; fkyhit mbj;Jj; njUtpy; ,Oj;Jg;Nghl;lhd;. ,J xLf;fg;gl;l
rhjpf; FLk;gj;jpy; ehs;NjhWk; elf;Fk; gpur;rid. ,jpy; jiyapl;L> gQ;rhaj;Jg; gz;z
NtW ahUf;Fk; chpikapy;iy. mth;fs; ,UtUk; te;J> jq;fSf;F epahak; nrhy;YkhW
Nfl;lhnyhopa> %d;whtJ egh; mjpy; jiyapl chpikapy;iy. ,J mg;gbg;gilahd
FLk;g newp. ,jpy; rhjp nghUshjhu NtWghLfSf;F ,lkpy;iy. MdhYk; cah; rhjpf;fhudhd
rpd;dg;igad; jhdhfj; jiyapl;L> ,UtiuAk; mbf;fpwhd;. eluhrDk; Fl;lf; Fl;lf;
Fdpgtdhfp mtdplNk jd; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPhT
; Nfl;fpwhd;. ,e;j epfo;rr
; p> gs;sj; njUtpYs;s
,isQu;fisr; rpe;jpf;fj; Jhz;LfpwJ. jq;fsplKs;s xw;Wik ,d;ikNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;
vd mth;fs; czUfpd;wdh;. jq;fSila rhjp ehl;lhik nuq;frhkpaplk; nrhy;ypAk;
gadpy;iy. %j;j jiyKiwapduhd mth; mlq;fp xLq;fpg; NghtNj ey;yJ vd;fpwhh;.
mjw;FNky;> cah; rhjpf;fhudhd fTd;rpyhplk; nrd;W Kiwapl;Lk; gadpy;iy. vdNt
xt;nthU epiyapYk;> mjpfhuk;> Mjpf;fk; nraw;gLtijAk; jq;fspd; xw;Wikapd;ik>
Nky; rhjpf;fhuh;fSf;F tha;gg
; hfpwJ vd;gijAk; ,isQh;fs; czUfpd;wdh;. mjdhy;jhd;
fijapd; filrp epfo;r;rpapy;> cah; rhjpf;fhudhd jh]; tk;Gr; rz;ilf;F tUk;NghJ
,isQh;fs; xd;WNrh;e;J mtid tpul;b mbf;fpd;wdh;.
tho; t plg; gpd; d zpia tpthff; $wp> mjd; gpd; d h; mLj; j Lj; J %d; W
epfo;r;rpfisf;nfhz;L fij mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU epiyapYk; jho;j;jg;gl;l rhjp
kf;fs; xw;Wikapd;ikahy; milAk; ,d;dy;fisf; fhl;b> ,Wjpapy; mth;fs; xd;Wgl;L
vjph;j;Jg; NghuhLtijf; $wp Mrphpah; fijia Kbf;fpwhh;.

,iyfs; rphpj; j d:
,f; fij> kfd;> je;ij Mfpa ,UtUf;fpilapyhd gphpf;f Kbahj cwit
ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. \,iyfs; rphpj;jd| vd;w jiyg;G FwpaPl;Lj; jd;ikapy; cs;sJ.
,iyfshfj; je;ij - kfd; ,UtUk; cUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. xUtifapy; ,iy cjph;e;J
kP z ; L k; Jsph; j ; J tsh; r ; r p ngWfpd; w ,aw; i f> mg; g bNa kdpj tho; i ff; F
cUtfkhf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; Row;;rp> ,iy> kdpjd; Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; nghJthdJ.
FLk;g mikg;gpy; je;ij kfd; vd;w kdpj cwT gphpf;fKbahjJ vd;gij ,f; fij
mOj;jkhff; fhl;LfpwJ.
FLk;gr; R+oy; fhuzkhfTk;> md;whl eilKiw fhuzkhfTk;> je;ijAk; kfDk;
xUtUf;nfhUth; ehs;NjhWk; jj;jk; ghrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jhjth;fshf ,f; fijapy;
gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. Mdhy;> fijapd; ,Wjpapy; je;ijAk; kfDk; xUtiunahUth; ghh;jJ
;
epiwthfr; rphpf;fpd;wdh;. mJ kpf ,ay;ghff; fijapd; fUj;ijg; gbg;gth;fSf;;Fg;
Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. fijj; jiyg;Gk; mjpy; tpsf;fk; ngWfpwJ. ,g;NghJs;s FLk;g mikg;gpy;>
je;ij kfd; ,UtUk; xUtiur; rhh;e;J> kw;nwhUth; ,Ug;gijAk;> je;ij kfDf;Fr;
nra;j flikfs; Kbe;J> ,g;NghJ kfd; je;ijf;F Mw;;wNtz;ba flikfs; cs;sij>
,ay;ghfg; Nghfpw Nghf;fpy; fij Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd;> ,uT Neuj;jpy; jd;
nghWg;gpYs;s tajhd je;ij fhztpy;iy vd;wJk; kfd; gijgijf;fpwhd;. KJik>
,uT Neug; gpd;dzp> ePz;l fhykhfj; (30 tUlq;fs;) jd; kidtpia ,oe;J jdp xUtuhf
,Ue;J jd;id tsh;jj
; je;ijapd; nray; vd;w midj;Jk; xd;WNrh;eJ
; > mtiuf; fhzhjjhy;
kfidg; nghpJk; gijgijg;Gf;F Mshf;FfpwJ.

17

KKtJk; kd czh; r ; r pg; Nghuhl; l j; i j ikakhff; n fhz; L ,f; fij

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. es;spuT Neuj;jpy;> je;ijiaf; fl;bypy; fhzhky; kfd; ftiyg;gLtjpy;
njhlq;fp> rpy kzp Neu kdg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> mth; te;jgpd; fhzhky; Nghd
fhuzk; njhpe;J (J}f;fk; tuhjjhy; cytr; nrd;W te;jjhff; $Wfpwhh;) je;ij kfd;
,UtUk; kdk; tpl;Lr; rphpg;gJld; fij KbfpwJ. gpd;dpuT Neuj;jpy;> CNu cwq;Fk;NghJ>
mtd; (kfd;) Gj;jfk; xd;iwg; gbj;Jtpl;L> cwq;f Kw;gLfpwhd;. ehs;NjhWk;> Ntiyf;Fr;
nrd;W te;j gpd;dh; gpd;dpuTtiu Gj;jfk; gbj;Jtpl;Lg; gpd;dh; cwq;FtJ mtDila
md;whl eilKiw. md;Wk; mg;gbj;jhd;. cwq;fg;NghFKd;> foptiwf;Fr; nry;tjw;fhf
te;jNghJ fl;bypy; jd; je;ijiaf; fhzhJ mtd; gugug;Gf;F Mshfpwhd;. ,Jjhd;
fijapd; rpf;fy;. je;ijiaj; jpBnud;W fhztpy;iy. Kd;dputpy; 11 kzp mstpy;> mtd;
Ntiy Kbe;J tPL te;jNghJ je;ij fl;bypy; gLj;jpUe;jhh;. ,td; tPl;bw;Fs; tUtij
mwpe;j mth; ,Uky; rj;jk; %yk; jd; ,Ug;ig czh;j;jpdhh;;. mjd; gpd;dh;jhd; mth;
vq;NfNah nrd;wpUf;fpwhh;. mth; ,ay;ghf ntspapy; Nghdij kfd; me;j Neug; gpd;dzpapy;>
mtu; fhzhky; Nghdjhf czUfpwhd;. ,J kdg; Nghuhl;lkhf khWfpwJ. fij KOtJk;>
,JNt ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
kfd; - je;ij cwT ,e;j kdg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; %yk; kpf mOj;jkhf ,f; fijapy;
czh;jj
; g;gLfpwJ. fijapd; mikg;G> epfo;rpfisf; nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf>
je;ij kfd; cwtpd; mOj;jj;ij tpsf;Ftjw;F czh;rpfukhd kdg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
mbg;gilahf;fp cs;shh;. ,uT Neuk;> je;ijiaj; jpBnud;W fl;bypy; fhzhj R+oy;
vd;git kfdpd; kdjpy;> gaj;ijAk; ftiyiaAk; J}z;btpl;L> czh;r;rpg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
tYthf;FfpwJ. ,jd; tpisthf kfDila kdjpy; fle;j fhyg; gy;NtW mDgtq;fSk;
epfo;r;rpfSk; je;ijapd; gz;Gk; jd;Dila nray;fSk; khwp khwp epidtpy; tUfpd;wd.
,tw;wpy; fhy Kiwapyhd xOq;fikg;G ,y;iy. kdf; ftiyAk; mr;rKk; fhuzkhfg;
gytw;iw vz;zp mykUfpwJ. ,e;j kd cisr;rYf;F ,uT NeuKk; jdpikAk; $Ljy;
Jaiuj; jUfpd;wd. vq;F nrd;W ahhplk; me;j Neuj;jpy; tprhhpf;f KbAk;? gf;fj;J
tPlL
; f;fhuh; Fwl;il xypnaOg;gpagb Mo;eJ
; J}q;Ffpwhh;. tPlb
; d; gpd;gFjpapYs;s
; ,tDila
%j;j rNfhjhpapd; tPl;by; Ngha;f; Nfl;f KbahJ. fle;j rpy fhykhf mth;fSld;
Ngr;Rthh;j;ij ,y;iy. ,it vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf> mtd; je;ij vq;F NghdhYk;
,utpy; jq;fkhl;lhh;. mth; ,ay;G mJ. NkYk;> ,g;NghJ> mtDila mDgtk;> taJ
fhuzkhfj; jd;Dila ,d;g Jd;gq;fSf;F Ciuf; $l;bg; gpwhplk; Nahrid Nfl;fhky;>
jd; Rikfisj; jhNd Rkf;Fk; gf;Ftk; kfDf;F te;Jtpl;lJ. vdNt je;ijiaf;
fhztpy;iy vd;w gijgijg;Gld; ftiygl;L kdf; Fog;gj;Jld; Neuk; Mf Mff;
fytuj;Jld; ,Uf;fpwhd;.
nrd;w tUlk; mg;ghtpw;F cly; eyk; nfl;bUe;jJ. mg;Nghnjy;yhk; ehs;NjhWk;
Ntiy Kbe;J ,utpy; rPf;fpukhfNt mtd; tPL jpUk;Gthd;. xt;nthU ehSk; tPL jpUk;gp
mg;ghit fl;bypy; ghh;jj
; gpwFjhd; - mth; gj;jpukhf ,Ug;gijf; fz;l gpd;jhd; mtDf;F
kdk; rkhjhdkhFk;. mjd; gpd;dh;jhd; kdk; mikjpAw;W J}f;fk; tUk;. mtUila ,Ug;G
jdf;F tho;fi
; fapy; gpbg;igAk; ek;gpf;ifiaAk; jUtij mtd; czh;ej
; hd;. mitnay;yhk;
,g;NghJ mtDf;F epidtpw;F te;jd. mg;ghtpDila ,e;j KJikAk; Neha;j; jsh;r;rpAk;
,g;NghJ epidtpw;F tu mtiuf; fhzhj ftiy mjpfkhfp kdij mhpf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.
nrd;w rpy Mz;Lfs;tiu mtd; Ntiy vJTk; ghh;f;fhky; Ch; Rw;wpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
18

mg;Nghnjy;yhk; mtd; jd; je;ijf;F kpFe;j kdj; Jd;gj;ijAk;> gzr; nryitAk;

je;jtd;. ,g;NghJ rpy Mz;Lfshf mtd; Ntiy ghh;f;fpwhd;. je;ijf;F mtdhy; ve;jf;
ftiyAkpy;iy. mtDf;F ,d;Dk; kzkhftpy;iy vd;gijj; jtpu mtidg;gw;wpa Fiw
vJTk; mtUf;fpy;iy. nghJthfNt> rpWtaJ KjNy je;ij kfd; ,UtUk; ghrj;ij
mjpfkhf ntspf;fhl;bf;nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;.
jd; je;ijf;Fj; JwT kdg;ghd;ikNah> cyf tho;f;ifapd;kPJ ntWg;Ngh ,Jtiu
Vw;gltpy;iy. tPlL
; g; gj;jpuk;> tPlL
; thp urPJfs;> jPhe
; J
; Nghd Ngdh hPgps; vd vy;yhtw;iwAk;
jd; ngl;bapy; itj;jpUg;ghh;. mt;tg;NghJ mtw;iwg; ghh;jJ
; epiwtilthh;. kfd; Ntiyf;Fg;
Ngha; tu Muk;gpj;jjpypUe;;J tPl;L thliff;fhf (mJ mth;fSila nrhe;j tPL) khjk;
200 &gha; mtdplkpUe;J thq;fp tUfpwhh;. jd;Dila nray;fshy; jd; je;ij ,e;j
tajpy; kfpo;rr
; pahf ,Ug;gjhfj;jhd; mtd; czh;ej
; hd;. vdNt mth; JwT g+zL
; tPli
; ltpl;Lr;
nrhy;yhky; NghapUf;f KbahJ vd;W mtd; kdk; czUfpwJ. mtUila MSik> mth;
nray;fs;> jd; nray;fshy; mtUf;F Vw;gl;l kd epiwT vd;gitfshy; mtd; ,e;j
Kbtpw;F tUfpwhd;. MdhYk; ,uT %d;wiu kzp Mfptpl;lJ. fpl;lj;jl;l 2 kzp Neukhf
mtiuf; fhzhky; mtd; kdk; gijgijf;fpwJ. mtd; Ntiy ghhf;fhky;> Ch; Rw;wpj;
jphpe;j fhyj;jpy; xUehs;> \eP ,g;gbNa ,U; ehd; xU ehs; nrhy;yhk nfhs;shk jh;k];jyh
NghapUNtd;| vd;W mth; $wpdhh;. mJ ,g;NghJ epidtpw;F te;jJ. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ
mj;jifa Njit VJkpy;iy. jd; kfd; Ntiyf;Fg; NghtJk;> ey;y gof;fq;fSld;>
nghWg;ghf tPl;L Ntiyfisg; ghh;g;gJk; mtUf;F ,g;NghJ epiwitj; jUk;. vdNt>
mth; fhzhky;Nghf ve;jf; fhuzKkpy;iy vd;;W mtd; kdk; vz;zpaJ.
kdf;ftiyAk; mbkdjpy; mr;rKk; epiwe;j me;jr;; R+oypy;> mg;gh jpz;izf;
fjit nky;yj; jpwe;J tPl;bw;Fs; tUfpwhh;;. kfDila Mj;jpukhd Nfs;tpf;F mth;
cw;rhfkhf> \J}f;fk; tutpy;iy; Rk;kh xU Rj;J te;jk;gh| vd;W rphpj;jthW $wpdhh;.
mtUila cw;rhfk; kfdplKk; njhw;wpaJ. mtDk; Kfk; kyh;eJ
; rphpj;jhd;. ,dp filrptiu
jd; je;ijia ,t;thW kfpo;rpAld; itj;jpUg;gJ jd; flik vd mtd; KbT nra;jhd;.
,e;j ,lj;jpy;
fij KbfpwJ. je;ij kfd; cwtpd; mOj;jk;> ghrg; gpizg;G ,f;
fijapy; mbg;gilr; nra;jpahFk;. cwtpd; mOj;jj;ij tpsf;f kd czh;Tg; Nghuhl;lk;>
fijahf tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,utpy; jd; je;ijiaf; fhztpy;iy vd;gjpy; njhlq;Fk;
kdg; Nghuhl;lk; tpbAk; Neuj;jpy; mth; tuf; fz;L Kbtpw;F tUfpwJ. epfo;rpfisf;nfhz;L
fUj;ijf; $Wk; fij mikg;G ,y;iy. tho;f;ifapy; kdpj cwtpd; mOj;jKk; ghrg;
gpizg;Gk; ,f; fij topNa ekf;F tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjw;Fk; Nkyhf je;ij> kfd; vd
kdpj ,dk; jiyKiw jiyKiwahfj; njhlq;FfpwJ. tk;r kuk; vd;gjhff; Fy kuG
cUtfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjw;Nfw;gj; je;ij kfd; ,UtUk; ,iyfshf cUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
,e;j mbg;gilapy;jhd; fijapd; jiyg;G \\,iyfs; rphpj;jd|| vd;W FwpaPl;Lj; jd;ikapy;
mike;Js;sJ.

Ntl; i f:
Ntl;if vd;w nrhy;ypw;F Mir> tpUg;gk; vd;W nghUs;. ,isQd; xUtDila
Ntl;if> Mir ,f; fijapy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. gpiog;gpw;fhf efuj;jpd; Muthukpf;f>
fhw;Nwhl;lkpy;yhj FbapUg;Gg; gFjpapy; jq;fpAs;s ,isQd; tpLKiw ehspy; khiyapy;
irf;fps; Xl;b ePz;l njhiyT nrd;W tUk; mDgtk; ,f; fijahf kyh;e;Js;sJ.
19

jd;idtpl ahUk; irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; nfl;bfhudhf ,Uf;f KbahJ> ,Uf;fTk; $lhJ

vd;w Mir mtdplk; ,Ug;gij ,f; fij czh;j;JfpwJ. ,e;j mDgtj;ij tpsf;Fk;
tz;zk; mtd; irf;fps; Xl;br;nry;Yk;NghJ> vjph;nfhs;Sk; rpy epfo;Tfs; xd;WNrh;e;J
fijahfpAs;sd. jdp kdpjd; xUtdpd; kd Ntl;ifiaf; $WtJ> ,f;fijapd; fUj;jhFk;.
,J rhpahd newpKiwfSf;F cl;gl;l Mirjhdh? rf kdpjh; ahUf;Fk; Jd;gk; Vw;g
; Lj;jhky;
xUtDila Mir epiwNtWfpwjh? vd;w Nfs;tpfSf;F ,jpy; ,lkpy;iy. Vndd;why;
irf;fpis kpf Ntfkhf Xl;br; nry;Yk; mtd; jd; Ntl;ifiag; gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jpNa
epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;Stjhf cs;sJ. irf;fps; Xl;br;nry;Yk;NghJ> rhiyapy; tajhd
fpoth;> fpuhkj;Jg; ngz;> gs;spr; rpWth;> irf;fps; Xl;btUk; kw;nwhU ,isQh; Mfpa
midtiuAk; Jd;GWj;jp mjpy; ,d;gk; fhZgtdhf me;j ,isQd; ,Ue;jhd;. irf;fps;
Xl;br; nry;Yk;NghJ> vjph;g;gLk; midtiuAk; Ke;jpr; nrd;W> irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; jd;
Mw;wiyf; fhl;Lk; Fzk; mtdplk; NkNyhq;fp cs;sJ. jdf;F xj;jtUk;> jd;idtpl
cah;ej
; tUk; ahUk; ,y;iy> ,Uf;fTk; KbahJ vd;w jd; Kidg;G Ntl;ifahf ntspg;gLfpwJ.
fij KOtjpYk; me;j ,isQDila ,g; gz;Ng ntspg;gLfpwJ. Mf ,e;j
ikaj;ijr; Rw;wpNa fij nry;YkhW mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jdpkdpjd; xUtDila kd
Miria ntspg;gLj;JtJ ,f;fij. mNj Neuj;jpy; nghOJ Nghf;fpw;fhfTk;> efur;
re;jbfspypUe;J tpLgl;L> ey;y fhw;iwr; Rthrpf;fTk; tpUk;gp mtd; irf;fps; Xl;l
Kidtjhff; fij Muk;gj;jpy; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; jtwpy;iy. jdp kdpjd; xUtd;
jd;Dila nghOJNghf;F kdkfpo;rp MfpaitfSf;fhfr; irf;fps; Xl;b mjpy; rhfrq;fs;
nra;J kdepiwT nfhs;Sk; Ntl;ifahf mJ mikayhk;. mjpy; ahUk; Fiwnrhy;y
KbahJ. Mdhy; fijapd; Nghf;fpy; mt;thW fij mikatpy;iy. njhlf;fk; Kjy;
(fpotiuj; jPBnud mjph;r;rpf;F cs;shf;fp> mtiu epiy Fiyar; nra;tJ) ,Wjp Kba
me;j ,isQd; gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jpNa jd; Ntl;ifia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;gtdhf> ,f;fij
mike;Js;sJ. jd;Dila Miria epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sg; gpwiu mtd; Jd;GWj;Jfpwhd;.
,J kdk;> cly; ,uz;lhYk; gpwUila mDgtkhf ntspg;gl mijf; fz;L ,td;
kfpo;e;J jd; kfpo;r;rpia Muthukhf ntspg;gLj;Jtjhff; fij epfo;Tfs; mike;Js;sd.
,g;gbAk; kdpjh;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;W fij fhl;LfpwJ. ehk; fhZk; GwTyf ajhh;jj
; j;ijg;
glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;LtJld; fij epd;WtpLfpwJ. ,J rhpah? me;j ,isQidg;Nghy>
ahUk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;nwy;yhk; ePjp Nghjid vJTk; fijapy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy.
etPdr; rpWfij> cs;sijf; fhl;LtNjhL epd;WtpLk;. ePjp Nghjid nra;tJ mjd;
Ntiyay;y. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp mt;thW ntspg;gilahff; fijf; fUj;ijr; nrhd;dhy;>
fijapd; fiyj; jd; i k nfl; L tpLk; . gbf; F k; thrfh; j hd; fijapd; fUj; i j
czh;e;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
,e;j Kiwapy; fUj;ijg; gbg;gth; Ghpe;Jnfhs;SkhW> irf;fps; Xl;Lk; ,isQDila
Ntl;ifiar; nrhy;YtNjhL fij epd;WtpLfpwJ. me;j Ntl;if vt;thW epiwNtWfpwJ
vd;W fhl;Lk; tz;zk;> njUtpy; irf;fps; Xl;br; nry;Yk; mtDila mDgtq;fshfr;
rpy epfo;Tfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. ,itahTk; Kiwahf itg;G Kiwapy; mikatpy;iy.
khwhf> thpirahfr; rpy epfo;Tfs;> ve;j tpjkhd fUj;Jj; njhlh;Gkpd;wp mNj Neuj;jpy;
fijia xU rpf;fypy; Muk;gpj;J> cr;rf;fl;lj;jpw;F tsh;j;Jr; nrd;W> rpf;fYf;F KbT
fhZk; KiwAk; ,y;yhky;> ntWkNd mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. irf;fps; Xl;Lk; ,isQdpd;
Ntl;if epiwNtWjy; vd;gij ikakpl;L mtDila jd; Kidg;Gr; nraw;gLtij tpsf;fNt
20

fijapy; ,lk; ngWk; ehd;F epfo;TfSk; mLj;jLj;J ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. me;j ,isQDila
kd Mir epiwNtWtjw;fhf> mtd; gpwiu kdjhYk;> clyhYk; Jd;GWj;jp mjd;%yk;
kfpo;r;rpaile;J jd;Ntl;ifia epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sfpwhd;. ,e;j mikg;gpy;jhd; fij
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> xU fUj;ij tpsf;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpy;; kdpj tho;f;if ,jpy;
,lk; ngwtpy;iy. xU jdpkdpjDila MSikg; gz;G gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jp> jhd;
kfpo;r;rpailAk; Fzj;ijf; fhl;Lk; Kiwapy; fij cs;sJ. ajhh;j;j tho;tpy; ehk;
fhZk; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhj Rje;jpukhfr; Rw;wpj;jphpAk; ,sikf; fhyj;jpd; Kidg;Gf; Fzk;
mg;gbNa ,f;fijapy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.
irf;fpis kpf Ntfkhf Xl;br;nry;Yk;NghJ rhiy Xuj;jpy;> Gspaku Ntubapy; xU
Viof; fpotd; cl;fhh;e;jgb jd; fpopry; Jzp Kl;iliag; gphpj;J tifg;gLj;jp vijNah
NjLk; gzpapy; cs;shd;. KJik> Vo;ik> ahUkw;w rhiyNahur; R+o;epiy fhuzkhf
mf;fpotd;
GwTyf epidtpd;wpj; jd; nraypy; <Lgl;bUe;jhd;. ,e;j ,isQd; kpf
Ntfkhf irf;fps; Xl;br;nrd;W> kzpabj;J rPo;if xypnaOg;gp> mtd; jiyapy; xU
jl;Ljl;btpl;L xypnaOg;gpathW Ntfkhff; flf;fpwhd;. fpotd; mjph;r;rpf;F cs;shfpwhd;.
rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;F fpotdpd; clYk; kdKk; mjph;rr
; pahy; eLq;Ffpd;wd. gPjpAld; js;shbagb
vOe;J epd;W ve;jg; gf;f
; j;jpypUe;J jhf;Fjy; te;jJ vdj;njhpahky; mjph;eJ
; fhzg;gl;lhd;.
me;j ,isQd; rpwpJ J}uk; nrd;W fpotdpd; eLf;fj;ijf; fz;L urpf;fpwhd;. \\mtDf;F
fpol;L eLf;fk; ,d;Dk; $ll;Lk;|| vd;W fijahrphpah; $WtJ tajhd fpotid clyhYk;
kdjhYk; eLf;fj;jpw;F cs;shf;fp mijf; fz;L kfpOk; ,isQdpd; gz;igf; fhl;LfpwJ.
mLj;j epfo;tpy;> ahUkw;w epidg;gpy; xU ngz; rhiyapd; eLtpy; ele;J nry;Yfpwhs;.
Xirg;glhky; mtsplk; nrd;W kzpabf;f> mts; mywpj; njUtpd; Xuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whs;.
,isQd; irf;fpis kpf Ntfkhf kzp mbj;jgb Xl;b mtisr; rhiyapd; eLg;gFjpf;Fk;
Xuj;jpw;Fkhf khwpkhwp miyf;fopj;J tpl;L> gpd;dh; Ntfkhfr; nrd;WtpLfpwhd;. mj;Jld;>
\\Xukhfg; Nghfpj; njhiyawJ jhdk;kh|| vd;W rj;jkhff; fj;jpagb mtisf; flf;fpwhd;.
jtW KOtijAk; mts;kJ
P Rkj;jptpl;L> ,td; jd;id Nahf;fpadhff; fhl;bf;nfhs;Sfpwhd;.
rpwpJ njhiyT nrd;W mts;gLk; Jd;gj;ijAk;> mts; ,tidj; jpl;bj; jPh;g;gijAk;
fz;L> Nfl;L urpf;fpwhd;. \\jpl;lypy; nfl;l thh;j;ij ,y;yhjJ FiwahfNtgl;lJ vd;W
fijapy; ,lk; ngWtJ> mg; ngz;izj; Jd;GWj;jp> gPjpailar;nra;J> mtisNa jg;Gf;Ff;
fhuzkhf;fpj; jd; Ntl;ifia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; mtdJ gz;igf; fhl;LfpwJ.
%d;whtjhf xU gs;spr; rpWtid mjph;r;rpf;Fs;shf;fp ,td; kfpOk; epfo;T ,lk;
ngWfpwJ. gs;spr; rpWtd; tajpYk; mDgtj;jpYk; ,tidtplf; fPo; epiyapy; ,Ug;gtd;.
mtDila tho;f;ifg; gpd;dzpapy; irf;fpisg; ghh;j;jpUe;jhy; mJ mjprak; vd;W ,e;j
,idQNd kdjpw;Fs; epidf;fpwhd;. gs;spapypUe;J tPlb
; w;Fr; nry;Yk; rpWtdplk; rhiyapy;
FWf;Fk; neLf;Fkhf irf;fpis Xl;b> rhfrq;fs; nra;J fhl;Lfpwhd;. rpwpJ J}uk; nrd;W
tof;fk; Nghyj; jpUk;gpj; jd; rh;f;f]; tpj;ijfshy; rpWtd; mjph;e;JNgha; tpag;Gld;
ghh;j;J epw;gijf; fz;L kfpo;fpwhd;. \\,e;j mw;gr; rpWtDf;Ff; fhl;ba tpj;ijapyh ehd;
jsh;e;JNgha;tpLNtd;|| vd;w thp> fijapd; ikaj;ij ekf;F czh;j;JfpwJ. rhiyapy;
vjph;;g;gLk; midtiuAk; VNjhnthU tifapy; tPo;j;jp> mjph;r;rpf;Fs;shf;fp> jhd; Mw;wy;
kpf;ftdhf ntspg;gl;L mjd; %yk; kfpo;r;rpailAk; me;j ,isQdpd; gz;ig ,e;j
epfo;r;rpfs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; fhz;fpNwhk;.
21

,Jtiu vjph;g;gl;lth;fs; %tUk; mtidtpl typikapy; Fiwe;jth;fs;. mj;Jld;

mth;fs; irf;fps; Xl;lhj> mkh;e;j my;yJ ele;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jth;fs;.
filrpahf
,lk;ngWk; epfo;tpy; kw;nwhU ,isQd; irf;fps; Xl;Lgtd; vjph;g;gLfpwhd;. ,Jjhd;
rhpahd> rk jFjpAilath;fSf;F ,ilapyhd Nghl;b.
jdf;F Kd;Nd> rhiyapy;
irf;fps; Xl;br; nry;Yk; kw;nwhUtid ,td; Ntfkhfr; nrd;W irL thq;fpf; fle;J
nry;Yfpwhd;. gpd; jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;J Vsdkhfr; rpupf;fpwhd;. ,e;jr; rphpg;G mtidf;
fhag;gLj;JfpwJ. ,g;NghJ mtDila Kiw. mtd; kpf Ntfkhf ,tidf; fle;J nrd;W
jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;J mNj Kiwapy; rphpf;fpwhd;. mij mg;gbNa tpl;Ltplhky;> ,td; kPz;Lk;
njhlUfpwhd;. jd;id ahUk; ntd;Wtplf;$lhJ> mNj Neuj;jpy; jhd; midtiuAk;
Jd;gg;gLj;jp kfpoNtz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;G ,tdplk; NkNyhq;fpwJ. kPz;Lk; mtid Ke;j
,td; nry;Yfpwhd;. vjpNu xU khl;Ltz;b tu tpyfp ,td; toptpl mtd; Ke;Jfpwhd;.
me;j ,lj;jpy; rhiy Xuj;jpYs;s Gspaku Nth;fSk; fpisfSk; mUfpYs;s Kl; Gjh;fSk;
fhypy; rpwpa fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd. mijtpl mtid Ke;jpajhy; Vw;gl;l kdf; fhak;
nghpjhfg;gl;lJ. kpf Ntfkhfr; irf;fpis Xl;b mtidf; fle;J ntF njhiyT tUfpwhd;.
mg;NghJjhd; kdk; mikjpahdJ. ,t;thW jd;Kidg;Gila xU jdp kdpj MSikg;
gz;ig tpsf;Ftjhf ,f;fij cs;sJ.

khaf; fpspfs; :
tof;fkhd r%fg; gpd;dzpapy; ,y;yhky; gioa fhy uh[h uhzp fijNghy
,f;fij cs;sJ. tha;nkhop ,yf;fpa kugpypUe;J ,f; fijia Mrphpah; gilj;Js;shh;.
fij muz;kidf; fsj;jpy; eilngWfpwJ. murd;> murp> tajhd - Gj;jpf; $h;ikahdehl;Lg;gw;Wkpf;f ke;jphp Mfpa %tiu ikakhff; nfhz;L ,f;fij gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sJ.
murpf;Fk; ke;jphpf;FkpilNa epfOk; Nghl;b> Gj;jpf; $h;ikapy; ahh; nghpath; vd;w gyg;
ghpl;ir fijapd; ,af;fj;jpw;F mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wd. murpapd; jtwhd xOf;fk;
murNdhL kl;Lk; cwT nfhz;L> jPuhj ghYwT Ntl;if fhuzkhff; fijapy; rpf;fy;
Vw;gl;L> mJ tsh;e;J cr;r epiyf;Fg; Ngha; Kbtjhff; fijapd; mikg;G cs;sJ.
cr;rf; fl;l epfo;r;rpapy; ke;jphpf;F mjph;r;rpiaj; jUk; vjpu;ghuhj epfo;T ,lk; ngWfpwJ.
mJkl;Lky;y> fijapd; Kbtpy;> kPz;Lk; mjph;r;rp jUk; epfo;T xd;W Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j
mjph;r;rp jUk; epfo;Tfs; murpapd; xOf;ff; Nfl;ilNa fhl;Lfpd;wd. cah; epiyapYs;s
murp jd; xOf;ff; Nfl;il kiwf;fj; je;jpuk; nra;J ke;jphpapd; nraiy Kwpabf;fpwhs;.
murhq;f cah; gjtpapYs;sthpd; xOf;ff; NfLk;> mij kiwf;f mth; nra;Ak; rhfrKk;
fijapd; ikakhfpd;wd. mjpfhuj;jpYs;sth;fs; jtW nra;jhy; mJ %b kiwf;fg;gLk;
vd;gJ ,f;fijapd; %yk; ekf;F czh;j;jg;gLk; nra;jpahFk;.
fij> epfo;r;rpfshy; Md mikg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. xd;iwj; njhlh;e;J kw;nwhd;W
tUkhW> epfo;r;rpfs; ahTk; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gld; gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sd. KbT vd;dthFNkh vd;w
Mh;t epiyiaj; J}z;LkhW epfo;r;rpfs; fhuz fhhpaj; njhlh;Gld; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
murp> fhjypj;J tpUk;gp> kugpw;F khwhf muz;kidf;F murdhy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lts;.
mur Fyk; rhuhj> fhl;bypUe;j NtnwhU ,dj;Jg; ngz;. ;fhl;bw;F Ntl;ilahlr;nrd;w
murd;> mtisf; fhjypj;J kze;J gl;lj;J uhzpahf;fpdhd;. murkuG rhuhj ngz;
vd;gjhy; ke;jphpf;F ,ij Vw;f Kbatpy;iy. MdhYk; uh[ tpRthrk; fhuzkhf ,ij
Vw;whd;. murp KiwNflhd xOf;fq;fspy; <LgLtij ke;jphp mwpe;Jk;> murDf;Fj; njhpahky;
mij Kwpabf;fj; jpl;lkpLfpwhd;. ,J murpf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ke;jphpapd; jpl;lj;ij
22

mts; jd; nrayhy; Kwpabf;fpwhs;. ke;jphpapd; kfidNa jd;NdhL cwT nfhs;sitj;Jf;

fpspahf;fp ,Wjpapy; mtd; rhtpw;Fk; fhuzkhfpwhs;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> murpf;Fk; ke;jphpf;Fk;
,ilapyhd Kuz;> mjdhy; tpisAk; Nkhjy; Nghf;F> ke;jphpapd; nray;fis Kwpabf;fj;
jpl;lkpl;Lr; nraw;gLk; murpapd; nray;fs; vd;W fijaikg;G cs;sJ. murp - ke;jphp>
,Uth; gilg;gpy;> Fzeyd;fspy; cs;s ,e;j Kuz;ghL fijia tsh;j;Jr; nry;fpwJ.
ke;jphpapd;
ehl;Lg;gw;W> mtUila xt;nthU
nraypYk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. murpapd;
xOf;ff;Nfl;il mwpe;j gpd;dUk; murDf;Fj; njhpahky; mij Kbtpw;Ff; nfhz;Ltu
mth; jpl;lkpLfpwhh;. may; ehl;L xw;wh;fs; fpspfshf cUntLj;J murpapd; me;jg;Guj;jpy;
CLUtp cs;sdh; vd;W $wp murid ek;g itf;fpwhh;. ,jd; %yk; murp jd; jtwhd
xOf;ff;Nfl;il tpl;Ltpl;Lj; jpUe;Jths; vd;gJ mth; vjph;ghh;g;G.
Mdhy;> ke;jphpapd; nray; murpf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy. jd;Dila jdpg;gl;l me;juq;fr;
nray;fspy; ke;jphp tuk;G kPwpf; FWf;fpLtjhf mts; czUfpwhs;. nghJthf mjpfhuj;jpd;
cr;r epiyapy; ,Ug;gthpd; jd; Kidg;G rhh;e;j nraw;ghL ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jpy;>
jtwhd ghYwT Ntl;if fhuzkhf mr; nray;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. vdNt> jpl;lkpl;Lg;
gopthq;fTk;> jd; nraYf;F vjpuhf tUk; FWf;fPl;il Kwpabf;fTk; njhlh;e;J jd;
xOf;ff;Nfl;il vg;gbahtJ epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;sTNk me;j kdk; tpioAk;. ,jpy;> ,d;ndhU
trjpahd epiyAk; cs;;sJ. murd; jd; kidtpia KOikahf ek;gp> Foe;ijj;jdkhf
cs;shd;. mtDf;F murpapd; ,e;jr; nray;fs; vJTk; njhpah. ahuhtJ nrhd;dhYk;
mtd; ek;ghj mstpw;F murpapd; fhjypy; mtd; rpf;Fz;L fplf;fpwhd;. ,Jjhd; fijapd;
nraw;jsk;. murd;> murp> ke;jphp Mfpa %tUila ,e;jg; gz;Gfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhy;>
fijAk; fijtopNa Mrphpah; $Wk; fUj;Jk; ed;F GydhFk;.
khaf; fpspfs; vd;w fijj; jiyg;G kpf El;gkhf mike;Js;sJ. murp> jdf;F
vjpuhf tUk; nray;fis Kwpabj;Jj; njhlh;e;J jd; KiwNflhd xOf;fj;ij epfo;j;jp
tUfpwhs;. vg;NghJk; mtSila ghJfhg;gpy; gj;J fpspfs; njhlh;eJ
; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ke;jphpapd;
kfNdahapDk; mts; jd; ,r;irf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpg; gpwh; mwpahtz;zk; fpspahf;fp
itj;jpUg;ghs;. ke;jphp cl;gl ahNuDk; FWf;fpl;lhy;> njhlh;e;J Gjpath;fisg; gad;gLj;jp>
khaf; fpspfs; Mf;Fths;. murp> jhd; tpUk;gpatiuj; jd; Ntl;iff;Fg; gad;gLj;jpf;
fpspahf khw;wptpLths;. fpspahf khw;wg;gl;ltiuj; Njitg;gLk;NghJ> kdpjdhf;fp> jd;
,r;irf;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; kPzL
; k; fpspahf khw;wptpLths;. vg;NghJ ahiu mts; fpspahf;Fths;
vd;gJ ahUf;Fk; njhpahJ. mjdhy;jhd; mit khaf; fpspfs; vdg;gl;ld. ,uz;L gil
tPuh;fis> murp ,t;;thW jd; ,r;irf;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; fpspfshf;fp> murd; ghprhfj; je;j
fpspfNshL Nrh;j;J itj;jpUf;fpwhs;. ,jidj; jd; xw;wh; %yk; mwpe;j ke;jphp murDf;Fj;
njhpahky; ,ij Kwpabf;fj; jpl;lkpLfpwhd;. Mdhy;> me;j ,U tPuh;fNshL ke;jphpapd;
kfidAk; Nrh;j;J khaf; fpsp ahf;fpAs;shs; murp.
ke;jphp> murd; Kd;ghf xU tpy;yhsid tutioj;J khaf; fpspfspd; Ra &gj;ij
(murpapd; xOf;ff;Nfl;il kiwg;gjw;fhf murdplk; ke;jphp ,t;thW $wpAs;shh;.) mwpe;J
nfhs;sr; nra;fpwhh;. tpy;yhsd; mt;thNw nra;a> %d;W fpspfs; ,we;J fplf;fpd;wd.
khaf; fpspfs; khz;LNghapd. kdpjdhf ,Ue;J murpahy; fpspahf cUkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit>
murpapd; jfhj cwTf;Fg; gad;gl;lit vd;w nghUspy; mit khaj;jd;ikAila fpspfs;
vdg;gl;ld. fpspfs; tpy;yhsdhy; nfhy;yg;gl;L> gpd;dh; mtw;wpd;kJ
P jz;zhP ; njspf;fg;ngw>
mit kdpjh;fshf ntspg;gLfpd;wd. kha;e;j (,we;j) fpspfs; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.
23

murpapd; mjpfhu tuk;gpw;Fs; ke;jphp jiyapLtij mts; tp;Uk;gtpy;iy mjdhy;> ke;jphp

jPlb
; a jpl;lj;ij jd; nrayhy; murp Kwpabf;fpwhs;. vdNt murpf;Fk; ke;jphpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
mjpfhug; Nghl;bapy; murp jd; gyj;ijf; fhl;b ntw;wp ngWfpwhs;. ,ijf; FwpaPlhff;
fhl;LkhW ke;jphpapd; kfd; murpahy;> jd; KiwNflhd
cwtpw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L>
fpspahf Mdhd;> khz;Lk; Nghdhd;. khaf; fpsp> ,t;thW Mokhd nghUSilajhff;
fijapd; fUj;ijr; Rl;Ltjw;fhf ,f;fijapy; Msg;gl;Ls;sJ.
murp> fhl;by; jd; tpUg;gg;gb Mbg;ghb tho;e;j fhl;Lthrp ,dj;Jg; ngz;. mts;
Vuhskhd ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisg;; ghb> jd; fiyahw;wyhy; murd; cl;gl midtiuAk;
kaf;Fk; Mw;wy; cilats;. fhl;Lthrpahd mts; ke;jpu> je;jpuq;fis ed;F mwpe;jts;.
ke;jphpf;F ,J njhpahky; NghdJjhd; fijapd; mbg;gil. ke;jphpf;Fk; murpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
Kuz;ghL> fijapd; ,af;fj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ. ke;jphp> ehl;Lg;gw;W> flik czh;T>
mur Fykuig kjpf;Fk; gz;G> xOf;fj;ijg; Nghw;Wk; gz;G> cah; gjtpapy; cs;sth;fs;
xOf;fkpf;f jq;fs; nray;fshy; kf;fSf;F Kd;khjphpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vjpph;ghh;g;G
cs;stuhf tpsq;Ffpwhh;. murd;> Foe;ij Nghd;w ,ay;Gilatd;. murpia mts; moF>
mtsplKs;s fiyfs;> fhuzkhf kpf Nerpf;fpwhd;. mNj Neuj;jpy; ke;jphpapd; Neh;ik>
ehl;Lg;gw;W> ePzlfhy murpay; mwpT> mDgtk; fhuzkhf mtiug; nghpJk; kjpf;fpwhd;.
mjdhy;jhd; ke;jphp murpapd; FykuG murtk;rk; rhuhky; fhl;Lthrp ,dk; vd;wNghjpYk;
mJ murDila tpUg;gk; vd;W mijf;fz;L xj;Jg;Nghfpwhd;. mNj Neuj;jpy; flik>
ehl;Lg;gw;W> murpapd; xOf;ff;Nfl;il murDf;Ff;$lj; njhpahky; kiwf;fTk; mijj;
njhluhky; Muk;gj;jpNyNa Kwpabf;fTk; jpl;lkpLfpwhd;.
ke;jphpapd; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;> xOf;fj;ij kjpf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; epiwe;j ,g; gz;ig> murp
Ghpe;Jnfhs;sj; jtwptpLfpwhs;. mtSila fhk czh;T> mts; mwpitg; gpd;js;sp tpLfpwJ.
mj;Jld;> mjpfhu mikg;G thpirapy; ke;jphp jdf;Ff; fPohdtd;> jd; nraypy; mtd;
FWf; f pLtjh vd; w jd; K idg; G ,jw; F f; fhuzkhfpwJ. mjdhy; j hd; jd; D ila
xOf;ff;Nfl;ilj; jd; fztuhd murDf;Ff;$lj; njhpahky; ke;jphp %b kiwj;Jtpl;lij
mwpe;Jk;$l mts; ke;jphpapd; ey;y gz;ig czuNth> jd;idj; jpUj;jpf;nfhs;sNth
Kw;gltpy;iy. jd;Dila xOf;ff;NfL murDf;Fj; njhpe;jhy; jd; epiyik vd;dthFk;
vd;W Nahrpf;f kWj;JtpLfpwhs;. khwhfj; jd; nraypy; FWf;fpl;lhh; ke;jphp vd;W KbT
nra;J> ke;jphpapd; kfid khaf; fpspahf;fpg; gopthq;Ffpwhs;.
murd;> murp> ke;jphp Mfpa %tiuf; nfhz;L ,f;fijapy; tho;tpay; nra;jp
$wg;gLfpwJ. KiwNflhd elj;ij vd;gJ murp vd;w jdp kdpjhpd; gz;G. vd;whYk;>
ehl;bw;F murp vd;w cah;gjtp fhuzkhf> kf;fSf;F Kd; khjphpahf ,Uf;fNtz;ba
xUth; jtW nra;tJk;> jpUe;jhky; ,Ug;gJk; Vw;fj;jf;f gz;G my;y vd;gjhf tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
vdNt> mJ r%fr; nra;jp MfpwJ. murd; Foe;ijj;jdkhf ,Ug;gJ ehl;bd; murpaYf;Fg;
nghUe;jhJ vd;gJ gbg;gth;fSf;F tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. ke;jphpapd; ehl;Lg; gw;Wk;> xOf;fj;ij
kjpf;Fk; gz;Gk; rpwe;jit. mth;> murpapd; jtwhd Nghf;ifg; gpwh; mwpahky;; kiwf;fTk;
mts; nraiyj; jLf;fTk; jpl;lkpLfpwhh;. Mdhy; murpapd; mjpfhur; nrUf;Fk; jd;Kidg;Gk;
ke;jphpapd; kfidNa ,of;Fk; mstpw;Fr; nry;fpwJ. %tiuAk; nfhz;L Mrphpah; ,f;
fUj;Jfis ed;F ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;.

24

tP L :
tPL vt;thW kdpjh;fis cUthf;FfpwJ vd;gij ,f;fij tpsf;FfpwJ. ,d;W
fy;tp fw;W nghwpapay; Jiwapy; cah; gjtp ngw;W> mnkhpf;fhtpy;> jd; fztd;> gps;isfs;
MfpNahUld; FLk;gj; jiytpahf thOk; xU ngz;> jhd; tsh;ej
; > jd; tPli
; lg; ghh;ff
; pwhs;.
rpd;dr; rpWkpahf ,Ue;J> jhd; tsh;ej
; ij me;j tPlb
; d; gpd;dzpapy; gpd;Ndhf;fpy; epidj;Jg;
ghh;f;fpwhs;. mtSila gioa epidTfs; fijahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mg; ngz;zpd;
kd czh;T Xl;lk; fijahfp cs;sJ. vdNt> epfo;r;rpfisf; nfhz;l fijg; gpd;dy;
,jpy; ,y;iy. khwhf> tPl;ilg; ghh;j;jJk;
me;j KOikahd gUg;nghUs; vt;thW
jd;Dila ,d;iwa tsh;r;rpf;F mbg;gilahf mike;jJ vd;W vz;zpg; ghh;f;fpwhs;.
gUg;nghUshd tPL> mjpYs;s kdpjh;fshy;> mth;fSf;F ,ilapyhd cwthy; vt;thW
jd;Dila tsh;rr
; pf;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;jJ vd;gijf; fij fhl;LfpwJ. KOtJk; mtSila
epidtpNy $wg; g LfpwJ. kpfTk; fl; L g; g hLk; > gioikthjKk; epiwe; j %j; j
jiyKiwapdiuf;nfhz;l FLk;gk;. mjpy;> %d;whtJ jiyKiwapy; Njhd;wpa rpd;dQ;rpW
ngz; ,f;fijapd; jiytp. mtSila czh;r;rpjhd; ,d;iwa epiy. mjw;F me;j tPL>
mjd; kdpjh;fs; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. %j;j jiyKiwapd; Nth;fspypUe;Jjhd; ,d;iwa
jiyKiw kyh;eJ
; s;sJ vd;gijf; fij czh;jJ
; fpwJ. FLk;g kuk; vt;thW> fhyj;jpw;Nf
; w;w>
rpwpJrpwpjhf kdpj kyh;fisg; gilf;fpwJ vd;gij tPlb
; d; gpd;dzpapy; ,f; fij mOj;jkhff;
fhl;LfpwJ.
tPl;bd; mikg;G Fwpj;j tpsf;fk; fijapd; Kd; gFjpapy; cs;sJ. tPl;bd; Kd;fl;L>
,ilg; gFjp> gpd;fl;L vd;w gFg;GfSk; xt;nthU gFjpapYk; cs;s EZf;fkhd> Ntiyg;ghL;
kpf;f rpWrpW cl;gphpTfSk; ,jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Kd;fl;L> gpd;fl;L vd;w ntspfspy;
(ntsp - Space . ntsp vd;gJ ,lj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;)> ahh;ahh; ve;nje;j ,lq;fs;tiu nry;yTk;>
Goq;fTk; $Lk; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. tPl;bypUe;j %j;j jiyKiw> mLj;j jiyKiw
Mz;fshy; toptopahfr; rpy kuGfs; filgpbf;fg;gl;L te;jd. ,it ngUk;ghYk; ngz;fspd;
,af;fj;ijf; fl;lLg;gLj;jp mth;fs; nraw;ghl;il tiuaWj;;J itg;gjhf ,Ue;jd.
uhkhazj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk; \yl;;Rkzd; NfhL| Nghy ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ue;jd. ,it
tPl;bw;Fs; kl;Lky;yhky; ngz;fspd; gbg;G> Ntiy> nghOFNghf;F Mfpa GwTyfr;
nraw;ghLfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;jd. ,jw;F mbg;gilf; fhuzk; ngz;fspd;
xOf;fk; Fwpj;J Mz;fs; cUthf;fpapUe;j tiuaiwfshFk;. ,e;j mbg;giljhd; fij
KOtJk; CLUtp cs;sJ. XhpU ,lq;fspy; fij khe;jh;fshd jhj;jh> nghpag;gh> mg;gh
$w;Wfspd; top mit ntspg;gilahfTk; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.
kuG topahd> ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfspilNa tsh;eJ
; > jhd; ,d;iwa epiy mile;jjhf
fijj; jiytp fij Kbtpy; czUtjhf ekf;Ff; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ Mdhy;> mtNs rpW
ngz;zhf> khztpahf ,Ue;jNghJ ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; ahTk; jd;Dila ,ay;ghd
Miriaj; jLj;jjhf czUfpwhs;. mg;Nghnjy;yhk; tPl;bYs;s nghpak;khjhd; ke;jphpahf
,Ue;J ,tSila epahakhd Mirfs; epiwNtw cjtpahapUf;fpwhs;. nghpak;kh> tPlb
; w;Fs;
kl;Lkpd;wp me;j Ch; KOtjw;Fk; ed;ik nra;Ak; xUtuhfg; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shs;. ,e;jf;
fijapy; nghpak;kh xU tpj;jppahrkhd ghj;jpug; gilg;G. fijj; jiytpapd; ,d;iwa
tsh;;r;rpf;Fg; nghpak;kh xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; Jiz nra;jpUf;fpwhs;. tPl;bw;Fs;> Chpy;>
jhj;jh uh[h Nghy ,Uf;f nghpak;kh midtUf;Fk; cjTk; kdKila ke;jphpahf ,Ue;jhs;

25

vd;W fijapy; tUk; $w;W ,ij typAWj;Jk;. ,e;jf; fijapd; mikg;gpy; fijj; jiytp>
nghpak;kh> jhj;jh Mfpa %th; mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wdh;. kpFe;j fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpf;Fk;
jhj;jh kuG thjpahd xUth;. fijj; jiytp> %d;whtJ ,se;jiyKiwapy; cs;s ngz;.
mts; GJikfis ehLgts;. ,UtUf;Fkpilapyhd ghykhf> ,uz;lhk; jiyKiw rhh;e;j
nghpak;kh cs;shs;. ,e;jj; jiyKiw NtWghLjhd; fijapd; mbg;gil. fl;Lg;ghLfis
kPwp fijj; jiytp tsh;tjw;Fg; nghpak;khtpd; nraw;ghL fhuzkhfpwJ. Mdhy;>
fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fs; ,Ue;jgbNa jd;id tsh;jJ
; f;nfhz;L jhd; vg;gb cUthf Ntz;LNkh>
mg;gbNa mts; Mfpwhs;. Mf> FLk;g mikg;G> mjw;Fhpa ,lkhd tPL mtis cUthf;fp
,Uf;fpwJ vd;gijf; fijapd; ,Wjpapy;> jd;Dila ,d;iwa tsh;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhd
Nth;fshf mikAk; tPl;ilAk; mq;Fs;s cwTfisAk; mts; czUtjhf Mrphpah;
fhl;Lfpwhh;.
fijapd; mbj;jsk; tPL vd;w ,lk;> mjpYs;s kdpj cwTfs; vd;W ehKk;
fijapd; ,Wjpapy;jhd; czUfpNwhk;. ,f;fijapd; mikg;gpy;> fijapd; fUj;J filrpg;
gFjpapy;jhd; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ikaj;ij Nehf;fpNa> fij nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gij mg;NghJjhd; ehk; czUfpNwhk;. tPL ntWkNd cz;L> cwq;Fk; ,lky;y.
kdpjh;fisj; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf> MSikg; gz;G cilath;fshf cUthf;Fk;
,lkhf tPL cs;sJ. xUrpyUf;F mtuth; taJ> mDgtk;> cldbj; Njit fhuzkhfr;
rpy cwTfs;> tPl;bd; rpy mikg;Gfs;> kdjpw;Fg; gpbf;fhky; Nghfyhk;. ,e;jf; fijapYk;
fijj; jiytp mg;gbj;jhd; czUfpwhs;. \Glit> eif thq;f> jhj;jh ,q;NfAk; %f;if
Eiog;ghh;. nghpak;kh epd;W gjpy; nrhy;Yths;| vd;W tUkplj;jpy; ,ij ehk; czuyhk;.
jd;Dila xt;nthU chpikapYk; jhj;jh jiyapl;Lj; jd; tpUgg;gbNa Ngrp elf;fNtz;Lk;
vd;W fl;Lg;ghL tpjpg;gtuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. fijj; jiytpahd Ngj;jp> fl;Lg;ghLfis
tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,e;j Kuz;ghLfisj; jPh;f;f Vw;Wk; tpl;Lf;nfhLj;Jk; nfhz;L nrYj;Jk;
xUtuhfg; nghpak;kh ,Uf;fpwhs;. Mf> vijAk; ,ay;ghf> mjd; Nghf;fpy; cld;ghl;L
Kiwapy; Vw;W> midtUf;Fk; gad;gLkhW nghJ ed;ik fUjp ciog;gJjhd; FLk;g
mikg;gpw;F Vw;wJ vd;gijg; nghpak;kh gilg;gpd; %yk; fijj; jiytp czUfpwhs;.
thof;ifapy;> xt;nthUtUf;Fk; vJ mtrpakhdjhfTk;> rhpahdjhfTk; cs;sNjh mijj;
jd;dhy; rhpahfr; nra;a KbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia tsh;j;J nraypy; fhl;Lgtshff;
fijj; jiytp cs;shs;. mij kpfr; rhpahf czh;e;J mt;tNghJ vLj;Jr;nrhy;yp
mtis tsh;gg
; tshfg; nghpak;kh cs;shs;. ,e;jf; FLk;g cwTfSk;> mjw;F mbg;gilahd
tPL;k; fijahf tbntLj;Js;sd.
FLk;g mikg;gpy; jdpkdpj tsh;rr
; p vt;thW FLk;g cwTfisr; rhh;eJ
; tpsq;FfpwJ
vd;gij ,f;fij tpsf;FfpwJ. fl;Lg;ghLk; xOf;fk; Fwpj;j kughd ghh;itAk; gioikg;
gpbg;Gk; nfhz;l kuGthjpfshfj; jhj;jh> nghpag;gh> mg;gh Nghd;w Mz;fs; cs;sdh;.
mth;fs; fUj;jpd;gb> Mz;fs; tPl;bd; vg;gFjpapYk;> vg;NghJk; nrd;Wtu KbAk;. mNj
Neuj;jpy; mth;fs; ntspAyfpYk; tpUg;gk; Nghyr; Rw;wpj; jphpayhk;. Mdhy;> tPlL
; g; ngz;fs;
rpWkpauhf> taJf;F tUk;tiu tPlb
; d; vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; elkhlyhk;. taJf;F te;jgpd;dh;
mth;fspd; ,af;fk; tPl;bd; gpd;fl;bw;Fs; kl;LNk. gpd;fl;L> rikayiw> fpzw;wb Mfpa
gFjpfisf; nfhz;lJ. mth;fs; tPl;bd; Kd;fl;bw;Ff;$l tUtJ nghpath;fshy;
jilnra;ag;gLfpwJ. mLj;j fpuhkj;jpw;F tz;b fl;bg;Ngha; rpdpkh ghu;fF
; k; nghOJNghf;F>

26

jkf;Fj; Njitahd Jzp> eif thq;Fk; jd; tpUg;gk;> irf;fps; Xl;lg; goFk; Mir>
jFjp apUe;Jk; efu;g;Gwg; nghwpapay; fy;Y}upf;Fr; nrd;W gbg;gJ> Ntiy ghu;g;gJ vd
xt;nthd;Wk; jhj;jhthy; jil nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. nghpak;khjhd; ,th;fSf;fhfg; ghpe;J
Ngrp tpl;Lf;nfhLj;Jk;> Vw;Wk; ,tis cUthf;Ffpwhs;. tPL vd;gJ - cwT vd;gJ vy;yhk;
Nrh;e;jJjhd; vd;gijf; fijj; jiytpAk; ehKk; filrpapy;jhd; czUfpNwhk;. tho;if
Fwpj;j ,e;j mDgtj;ij ,f;fij kpfr; rhpahf tpsf;FfpwJ.

-----------000-----------

27

ghlk; - 3

rpWfijfspd; mikg;Gk; cj;jpfSk;

rpWfij xU fUj;J> Xh; czh;r;rp> xU khe;jhpd; gz;G vd;W VNjDk; xd;iw
ikakpl;L mikAk;. ,e;j ikak;jhd; fijf;F xUikg;ghl;ilj; jUk;. fij epfo;rr
; pfisf;
nfhz;L vt;thW xd;Wld; xd;W nghUj;jkhff; fU Gyg;gLkhW mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gJ mikg;G vd;W tpsf;fg;gLk;. mikg;G epfo;rr
; pfshyhd fijg; gpd;dikg;G> fUj;ijg;
Gyg;gLj;Jk; fU mikg;G vd ,U tifahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; xd;whf ed;F
nrwpTld; miktJ fijf;F ey;y tYitj; jUk;. rpy fijfspy;> epfo;r;rpfSf;Fg;
gjpyhff; fijkhe;jhpd; czh;r;rp tsh;j;Jf; fhl;lg;glyhk;. rpy fijfspy; fijg;gFjpfs;
Kjy;> eL> ,Wjp vd;W %d;whf mike;J mit xd;Wld; xd;W gpd;dpg; gpize;J>
njhlh;Gld; mikAk;. fijaikg;G ,t;thW gy tiffshf mikAk;. mJ tbtk; vd;Wk;
ngah; ngWk;.
fij vt;thW xU fUj;ij my;yJ Xh; czh;it my;yJ xUth; gz;igr; RitahfTk;
jpwDlDk; $WfpwJ vd;gJ cj;jp vdg;gLk;. cj;jp gy tifapy; mikAk;. ,d;wpaikahjJk;
mbg;gilahdJkhd rpy cj;jpfs; xt;nthU fijapYk; mike;Js;sd vd;W ,g;ghlj;jpy;
fhz;Nghk;. fij $wg;gLk; Nehf;Fepiy> fijj; jiyg;G> rpWfijj; njhlf;fk;> KbT> fU
Gyg;ghL Mfpa mbg;gil cj;jpfSk;> mikg;Gk; vt;thW xt;nthU rpWfijapYk;
mike;Js;sd vd;W ,dpf; fhz;Nghk;.

gs; s j; n jU:
,f;fijapy; xU fUj;ij tpsf;Fk;tz;zk; fij mike;Js;sJ. xLf;fg;gl;l rhjpiar;
rhh;ej
; kf;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; xw;Wikapd;wp cs;sdh;. rhjp> nghUshjhuk; ,uz;bYk; cah;ej
;
kf;fs; mth;fis tk;GfpOj;Jj; Jd;gg;gLj;jp Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,jidf; fijapd;
%d;W epfo;r;rpfshy; fhl;b> mth;fs; xd;Wgl;L vjph;j;jhy; Mjpf;fr; rf;jpfs; gpd;thq;fp
XbtpLth; vd;w fUj;J fUthf ,lk; ngWfpwJ. ,jw;Nfw;gf; fUtikg;G cs;sJ. fijapd;
Kjw; gFjpapy;> gs;sj; njU mike;Js;s ,lg; gFjp tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j tpsf;fj;jpNyNa>
gs;sj; njU kf;fSk;> CUf;Fs; Nrhp vdg;gLk; nghpa fhydpapYs;s mNj ,dj;J
kf;fSk; jq;fSf;Fs; xw;Wikapd;wp ,Ug;gij Mrphpah; $Wfpwhh;. mLj;j gFjpapy; %d;W
epfo;rr
; pfs; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. ,it xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;Gilaitahf mike;J %d;whtJ
epfo;r;rpapy;> fij Kbtpy;> fijf; fU Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fijapd; mikg;G kpfr; rhpahf
cs;sJ. xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; thOkplk; gw;wpa gpd;dzp tpsf;fk; Kjypy; jug;gLfpwJ. ,J
fijf;F mbj;jskhfpwJ.
njhlh;e;JtUk; %d;W epfo;r;rpfspYk; itg;G Kiwapy; Xh; xOq;F Kiw cs;sJ.
mit jkf;Fs; fUj;J mbg;gilapy; njhlh;Gld; $wg;gLfpd;wd. Kjy; epfo;rr
; papy; fjph;NtY
vd;gth; gs;sj; njUtpypUe;J efh;Gwr; rhiyf;Fr; rhuhak; thq;f tUfpwhh;. cah; rhjpf;fhu
,isQdhd ,g;uhfpk; mtiu tk;Gf;fpOj;J> mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;Jfpwhd;. mLj;JtUk; ,U
epfo;r;rpfspYk;> ChpYs;s cah;rhjp ,isQh;fs; gs;sj; njUtpw;Fr; nrd;W> tk;Gf;fpOj;J
mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,uz;lhk; epfo;r;rpapy; jq;fs; ,dj;J eluhrd; - fkyh
28

FLk;gg; gpur;rpidapy;> cah; rhjpf;fhur; rpd;dg; igad; vd;w ,isQd; typate;J Jd;gk;
tpistpg;gij> mj; njU ,isQh;fs; vjph;f;fpd;wdh;. Kjypy; jq;fs; rhjp ehl;lhikf;
fpothplk; $wp epahak; Nfl;fpd;wdh;. mth; ,th;fisg; nghWj;Jg;Nghfr; nrhy;Yfpwhh;.
fhuzk;> Mjpf;f rf;jpfis ehk; vjph;f;f KbahJ vd;gJ. Mdhy; ,isQh;fs; ,jpy;
mikjp milahky; Ch;f; fTd;rpyhplk; KiwapLfpd;wdh;. tk;Gf;F te;j rpd;dg; igad;
fTd;rpyhpd; kfd;. vdNt fTd;rpyh; Fw;wj;ij mth;fs;kPJ jpUg;gpj; jd; Mjpf;fj;ijf;
fhl;b vr;rhpf;fpwhh;. vdNt %d;whtJ epfo;r;rpapy; jq;fs; njUTf;Fs; tk;Gf;F te;j jh];
vd;w Nkw;rhjp ,isQid gs;sj; njU ,isQh;fs; xd;WNrh;eJ
; vjph;jJ
; tpul;babf;fpd;wdh;.
Mf> epfo;r;rp itg;G KiwNa fijf; fUj;ij tpsf;FkhW mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghf
,uz;lhk;> %d;whk; epfo;rr
; pfs; kpFe;j nghUj;jKld; mike;Js;sd. epfo;rr
; pfspd; mikg;G
Kiw> fhuz fhhpaj; njhlh;Gld; cs;sd. fij aikg;Gk;> fU mikg;Gk; ed;F nrwpthfg;
gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sd. fij ey;y tbtr; nrk;ikAld; cs;sJ.

cj;jpfs; - Nehf;Fepiy:
rpWfij ahUila tpop topNa Nehf; f g; g LfpwJ? ahUila $w; w py; fij
vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;w ,uz;Lk; Nrh;e;J Nehf;Fepiy vdg;gLk;. gs;sj; njU fij
Mrphpah; $w;wpy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. fij epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;F ngwhky; ntspNa epd;W
nfhz;L vy;yhtw;iwAk; kpfr; rhpahff; fhl;Lk; Gifg;glf; fUtp Nghy Mrphpah; fij
$Wfpwhh;. tUzidAk; vLj;Jiuj;jYk; ciuahlYkhff; fij cs;sJ. Kjypy;> gs;sj;
njU gw;wpa ,l tUzid $wg;gLfpwJ. mijj; njhlh;e;J me;jg; gpd;dzpapy; %d;W
epfo;r;rpfs; ehlfk;Nghyf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. elg;gij mg;gbNa fhl;Lk; Kiw cs;sJ.
Mrphpah; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; FWf;fpltpy;iy. fijapd; ,uz;lhtJ> %d;whtJ epfo;r;rpfis
xd;iwj; njhlh;e;J kw;nwhd;W $Wk; Kiwapy; fijf; fUitg; gbg;gth; ca;j;JzUkhW
itj;Js;shh;.

jiyg; G :
,r; rpWfijf;F Mrphpah; gs;sj; njU vdg; ngah; itj;Js;shh;. CUf;F tlf;Nf
vy;iy KbAkplj;jpy; xU
gs;sj;jhf;fpy; rf;fpypaj; njU ,Ue;jJ vd;W Mrphpah;
tUzpf;fpwhh;. gs;sj;jpy; ,Ue;jjhy; mJ gs;sj; njUthdJ. mj;Jld; cah; rhjpf;fhu>
nghUshjhu trjpAila Mjpf;fr; rf;jpfs; ChpDs; Nkl;Lf; Fbfshf tho> rhjp>
nghUshjhuk; Mfpa ,uz;lhYk; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; thOkplk; gs;sj; njU vd;W MdJ.
,e;j El;gj;ij tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; fijj; jiyg;G cs;sJ.

njhlf; f Kk; KbTk; :

,f; fij KOtJk; gs;sj; njUtpy; cs;s kf;fs; Mjpf;fr; rhjpapduhy;
Jd;gg;gLtijf; fhl;LfpwJ. fijapd; njhlf;fj;jpy;> mk; kf;fspd; tho;tplk;> mth;fSila
jw;Nghija epiy vd;gd tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jidf; fijapd; njhlf;f thpfs; mOj;jkhff;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. \rf;fpypaj; njU jdpj; jPthff; fhl;rp mspj;jJ. nkd;W Jg;gpd rf;ifaha;
kdpj tho;f;if Nfl;f ehjpaw;Wg; Ngha; xt;nthUtUk; tapw;Wg; gpiog;G elj;j
Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. ,jpy; jdpj; jPthf vd;gjpy; ChpypUe;J> gpw rhjpapdhpypUe;J mk;
kf;fs; NtWgl;Ls;sdh; vd;w nghUs; fpilf;Fk;. NkYk; NrhpapYs;s mNj rhjp kf;fSld;
ve;j tpjkhd xl;Lk; cwTkpd;wpj; jPT Nghy cs;sdh; vdTk;> xw;Wik ,y;yhjjhy; Nky;
rhjpapdhpd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F Mshfp my;yy;gLfpdwdh; vd;W tpsf;fk; fpilf;fpwJ. \nkd;W
29

Jg;gpd rf;ifaha;| vd;gjpy; mth;fs; njhlh;e;J gLk; Jd;gk; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. \\Nfl;f

ehjpaw;Wg; Ngha;|| vd;gjpYk; fijf;fU ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW fijapd; njhlf;fk; kpfr;
rpwg;ghf cs;sJ. ,NjNghy KbT thpfspYk; fijf; fUj;J ed;F ntspg;gLfpwJ. mk;
kf;fs; xd;WNrh;e;J jq;fsplk; tk;Gf;F te;j jh]; vd;w Nky; rhjp ,isQid mbj;J
tpul;Lfpd;wdh;. ,ij tpsf;FtJNghy> |ngz;fs; neUq;fp te;jhh;fs;. Nriyj; jiyg;ghy;
mtd; ifia mOj;jpg; gpbj;jhh;fs;| vd;w thpapy; jhi] vjph;j;J Mrpl; ghl;by; tPrg;Ngha;
me;j ,isQd; ifapy; gl;l Mrpl; vhpr;rYf;Fj; njUg; ngz;fs; xd;W$b cjTfpd;wdh;.
,J xw;Wikapd; tYitf; fhl;LfpwJ. Mf> ,f;fijapd; njhlf;fKk; KbTk; ed;F
njhlh;Ggl;L> fijf; fUit tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; cs;sd.

fUg; G yg; g hL:

jq;fisj; njhlh;e;J Jd;gg;gLj;jp tUk;> Mjpf;fr; rhjpapdiu> xw;WikAld; ,k;
kf;fs; vjph;jJ
; tpul;babj;jdh; vd;W fijapd; KbTg; gFjpapy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. \crpUf;Fg;
gae;jtq;f ehq;f ,y;ylh| vd;gjpy; fijapd; fUj;J ntspg;gLfpwJ. njhlh;eJ
; jq;fSf;Fj;
Jd;gk; je;j cah; rhjpf;fhuh;fisg; ghh;j;Jg; gs;sj; njU ,isQh;fs; $Wk; ,r; nrhw;fs;
Mokhdit. mth;fs; xw;Wgl;L vjph;j;J epw;fpd;wdh; vd;w Nghuhl;lf; Fzj;ij ,J
fhl;LfpwJ. fijapd; njhlf;fj;ij fijf; fUtpd; ntspg;ghl;bw;Nfw;g ,lg; gpd;dzp
tUzid %yk; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ epfo;r;rpapy; gs;sj; njU ,isQh;fs; typa
te;J tk;gpw;fpOj;Jj; jq;fisj; Jd;gg;gLj;Jk; Mjpf;fr; rhjpapdUf;Fg; gjpyb nfhLf;f
Kidfpd;wdh;.
epahakhd Kiwapy;> jq;fs; rhjp ehl;lhik> gpd;dh; Ch; fTd;rpyh;
MfpNahhplk; KiwapLfpd;wdh;. ,jpy; gyd; fpilf;fhky; NghfNt xd;W$b vjph;j;Jg;
NghuhLfpd;wdh;. ,jid %d;whtJ epfo;r;rpapy; Mrphpah; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. gbg;gbahff;
fijapd; tsh;r;rpapNy fU ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fijapd; filrpg; gFjpapy; fij khe;jh;
$w;wpYk; Mrphpah; vLj;Jiug;gjpYk; gbg;gtu;fSf;Ff; fU Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,iyfs; rphpj;jd - mikg;G:

,f; fijapy; kd czh;it ikakpl;Lf; fij mikg;G cs;sJ. fijapy;> kfd;>
je;ij Mfpa ,uz;L fij khe;jh;fNs ,lk; ngWfpd;wdu;. gpd;dpuT Neuj;jpy;> ,uz;L kzp
mstpy; jd; je;ijiaf; fhzhky;> kfd; ghpjtpf;fpwhd;. Rkhh; xd;wiw kzp Neuk; fopj;J
kdg; Nghuhl;lk; cr;r epiyapy; nrd;W kfd; kpFe;j ftiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> jhd;
cyhtr; nrd;wjhff; $wpagb je;ij tUfpwhh;. gpd;dh; ,UtUk; kfpo;rr
; pahfr; rphpf;fpd;wdh;.
,Jjhd; fij. FLk;g mikg;gpy; je;ij kfd; cwT> xUtiunahUth; rhh;e;J vt;thW
mKj;jkhfTs;sJ vd;gij ,f;fij tpsf;FfpwJ. FLk;gk; xU kuk; vd;why;> je;ij kfd; - Ngud; vd;W me;j tk;rk; njhlh;e;J Gjpa Gjpa ,iyfshfg; gpwf;fpd;wd. Fy
kugpd; njhlh;r;rp FLk;g cwTfspy; ,t;thW njhlh;e;J tUfpwJ vd;gijj; je;ij> kfd;
Mfpa ,U fij khe;jh;fs; %yk; fijahrphpah; tpsf;fpAs;shh;. je;ijia ,utpy; fhzhjjhy;
kfd; gijgijf;fpwhd;. gpd;dh; mth; te;jJk; Kjypy; Nfhgpj;jhYk; mtUila ,ay;ghd
Kf kyh;r;rpiaf; fz;L> mth; rphpf;f> ,tDk; rphpf;fpwhd;. Mokhd ghrj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhf
,J mikfpwJ. ,j;Jld; kfdpd; kdg; Nghuhl;lk; KbTf;F tUfpwJ. ,t;thW fijf; fU
mikg;G ed;F mike;Js;sJ.
KOtJk;> kd czh;Tg; Nghuhl;lkhf ,f; fijapd; fijg; gpd;dy; cs;sJ. kd
czh;Tg; Nghuhl;lj;ij ,uT Neug; gpd;dzpapy; ,f; fij fhl;LfpwJ. fhyg; gpd;dzp
30

fijaikg;gpy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngWfpwJ. ,uT Neug; gpd;dzpapy; tajhd> Nehahspahd

je;ijiaf; fhztpy;iy vd;w kfDila kdg; Nghuhl;lk; gbg;gbahf tsh;jJ
; f; fhl;lg;ngw>
Ch; KOtJk; ey;y J}f;fj;jpy; Mo;ej
; pUf;Fk; mikjpahd gpd;dpuTf; fhyk; kpf mOj;jkhff;
fijaikg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;W> kdg; Nghuhl;lk; kpFjpahtjw;Fj; Jiznra;fpwJ. nghJthf>
,utpy; xU kzp my;yJ ,uz;L kzp tiuapYk; Gj;jfk; gbj;Jtpl;L> me;j epidTfspy;
cwq;Fk; gof;fKilatd; kfd;. md;Wk; Ntiy Kbe;J gjpNdhU kzpastpy; tPL
jpUk;gpaNghJ> je;ij fl;bypy; gLj;jpUe;jhh;. ,td; tPl;bw;Fs; tUtijawpe;J> jd; ,Uky;
%yk; ,Ug;ig ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. gpwF ,uz;L kzpastpy;> kfd; gbj;Jtpl;L> gLf;iff;Fr;
nry;Yk;NghJ> je;ijiaf; fl;bypy; fhztpy;iy.
kdg; Nghuhl;lk; ,jpypUe;J njhlq;FfpwJ. mtUila taJ> cly; jsh;T> nrd;whz;L
Kjy; Nehahy; Jd;gg;gLk; mth; epiy> kidtpia ,oe;J 30 Mz;Lfshfj; jdf;fhfNt
thOk; mth; epiy vd;gd kfd; kdij kpfTk; ghjpf;fpd;wd. mtUila gz;Gfs;>
kfd;kPJ nfhz;Ls;s ghrk;> vq;F nrd;whYk; ,utpy; tPl;bw;F te;J tpLk; gof;fk;>
kfDf;F ,d;Dk; kzkhftpy;iy vd;w ftiy> ,e;j tajpYk; vy;yhtw;wpd; kPJk; nfhz;Ls;s
gw;W> (,ij ,d;Dk; je;ijf;Fj; JwT kdg;ghd;ik tutpy;iy vd;W $Wfpwhd; kfd;)
Mfpad kfd; kdjpy; me;j ,uT Neuj;jpy; tUfpd;wd. fle;j rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Gtiu
Ntiyntl;b vJTk; ghh;f;fhky; je;ijiag; gzj;jhYk;> kdjhYk; kdj; Jd;gj;jpw;Fj;
jhd; Mshf;fpaJ ,g;NghJ mtd; epidtpw;F te;jJ. mtiuf; fhzhky; mtd; kdk;
gijgijj;jNghJ> ,uTg; gpd;dzpapy; ,it ahTk; epidtpy; tu> kdg; Nghuhl;lk;
tYj;jJ vd;W fhl;Ltjw;F Vw;wthW ,e;jf; fijapd; mikg;G ed;F mOj;jkhfTk;
nrwpthfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

cj;jpfs; - Nehf;Fepiy:
,f;fij> fijapd; Kf;fpaf; fij khe;juhd kfDila $w;wpy; $wg;gLfpwJ. jd;ik
,lj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. kfd; jd; je;ijiag; gpd;dpuT Neuj;jpy; fhzhky; ftiyg;gLtjw;F
Vw;wthW ,e;j Nehf;Fepiy cs;sJ. fij KOtJk; kfDila Nghuhl;lk; fhl;lg;gLtjhy;
czh;T ntspg;ghl;bw;F - kfd; je;ij cwTg; gpizg;ig ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,/J
Vw;wjhf cs;sJ. jd; je;ijiag;gw;wpa epidTfs;> mtUila Fzeyd;fs;> jdf;Fk;
mtUf;Fkpilapyhd rpy epfo;Tfs; Mfpad mtiuf; fhzhj R+oypy; kfd; epidj;Jg;
ghh;g;gjhff; fhl;Ltjw;F ,e;j Nehf;F epiyNa nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. fij KOtJk; je;ij>
kfd; Mfpa ,U fij khe;jh;fs; kl;LNk ,lk; ngWfpd;wdh;. rw;W Kd;dh;tiu ,Ue;j
je;ijia ,g;NghJ fhztpy;iy vd;wJk; kfd; kdk; fytug;gLfpwJ. ,uT Neug; gpd;dzpapy;>
je;ijiaf; fhzhjNghJ kfdpd; kdk; gLk;ghl;il vLj;Jiuf;f ,J Vw;w fij $Wk;
Kiwahf cs;sJ. ,e;jj; jd;ikf; $w;W Kiw %yk;> thrfhplk; Neubahff; fij khe;jh;
ciuahLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhf cs;sJ.

jiyg; G :
,f; fijf;F Mrphpah; ,iyfs; rphpj;jd vd;W ngah; itj;Js;shh;. fijapd;
,Wjpapy;> fhzhky; Nghd je;ij tPlb
; w;F tu> kfd; jd; ftiyapd; fhuzkhff; Nfhgj;Jld;>
\,e;j Neuj;jpy; vq;Nf Nghapl;Bq;f?| vd;W Nfl;fpwhd;. kfdpd; Nfs;tpahy;> Kfk; thbdhYk;
rkhspj;jgb je;ij Kf kyh;r;rpAld;> \Rk;kh xU Rj;J te;Njd; vd;W rphpj;jgb $wpdhh;.
kfDk; clNd kdk; tpl;Lr; rphpj;jhd;| vd;W fijapy; ,lk; ngWfpwJ. je;ij kfd;
31

,UtUk; ,iyfshf cUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. FLk;gk; vd;w kuj;jpy; je;ij kfd; ,UtUk;

,iyfshf cs;sdh;. vdNt me;j ,iyfs; rphpj;j R+oiyf; fij tpsf;FfpwJ. FLk;g
mikg;gpy;> je;ij - kfd;> Ngud; vd;W tk;rk; njhluf; $baJ. vdNtjhd; FLk;g kuk;>
tk;r tpUl;rk; vd;W ek; kugpy; $wg;gLfpwJ. fijapd; Nghf;fpy;> \mg;gh cjph;e;j kuj;jpy;
ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;. ehd; cjph;e;j kuj;jpy; vd; Foe;ij| vd;W tUkplk; ,ijg; Gyg;gLj;Jk;.
Mrphpah;> je;ij> kfd; vd;w cwit ,iyfshf cUtfpj;J tho;f;ifj; jj;Jtj;ij
tpsf;Ffpwhh;. fijf; fUit tpsf;f ,e;jf; FwpaPl;Lj; jiyg;G ed;F gad;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhlf;fk; - KbT:
gpd;dpuT Neuj;jpy; ehs;NjhWk; VNjDk; Gj;jfk; gbj;Jtpl;L> me;j epidTfNshL>
J}q;fr; nry;gtd; kfd;. ,tDila mLj;j epiyahfr; rw;WKd; 11 kzpastpy; fl;bypy;
,Ue;j jd; je;ij ,g;NghJ ,uz;L kzp mstpy; fhztpy;iy vd;W njhpe;jJk; mtd;
gijgijj;Jg; Nghfpwhd;. Mf> gugug;ghd kdg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Kd;djhf ,e;j mikjpahd
R+oy; nghUj;jkhdjhf cs;sJ. \filrp thpAk; Kbe;jJ. Gj;jfj;ij %b neQ;R kPJ
itj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. mg;ggbNa fz;Kbf; fple;Njd;| vd;W fijapd; njhlf;fk; cs;sJ.
Gj;jfk; gbj;j mjdhy; tpise;j mikjpapypUe;J tpLgl;L vjhh;j;j epiyf;F mtd;
jpUk;Gfpwhd.; me;jg; gpd;dputpy; Cnuy;yhk; cwq;Fk;NghJ> mtd; je;ijiaf; fhzhky;
ghpjtpf;Fk; Kd;G ,e;j kd mikjp> Gj;jfg; gbg;G je;j Rfk; ,uz;Lk; fijf;F ey;y
njhlf;fkhf cs;sJ. kdpj tho;f;if ,g;gbj;jhd; mikjpAk; gugug;Gk; khwpkhwp tUk;
tz;zk; cs;sJ. ,jid ,f; fijapd; njhlf;fk; ed;F fhl;LfpwJ.
fijapd; Kbtpy; mg;gh ntspapy; nrd;W cyhtptpl;L te;jjhf Kf kyh;r;rpAld;
$Wfpwhh;. kfd; ,t;tsT Neuk; mile;j gijgijg;G Kbtpw;F tUfpwJ. mth; rphpf;f
mtDk; kfpo;Tld; rphpf;fpwhd;. mg;NghJ> ,dpNky; jd; je;ijia mtUila ,Wjpf;
fhyk; tiu> ,Nj Kf kyh;r;rpAld; ,Uf;FkhW jhd; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W
mtd; cWjp nfhs;Sfpwhd; vd;W fij KbfpwJ. fijapd; jiyg;G ,iyfs; rphpj;jd
vd;gjw;Nfw;g ,e;j KbT thpfs; nghUj;jKld; mike;Js;sd.

fUg; Gyg;ghL:
je;ij - kfd; ,UtUf;fpilapyhd cwtpd; mOj;jk;> ghrg; gpizg;G> xUtiur;
rhh;e;J kw;wth; thOk; jd;ik vd;w FLk;g mikg;gpyhd cwtpd; njhlh;r;rpia ,f; fij
typAWj;JfpwJ. je;ij> kfd;> Ngud; vd;W jiyKiw jiyKiwahff; FLk;g kuk;
njhlh;e;Js;sJ. xt;nthUtUk; mjpy; ,iyfshf cs;sdu;. fhyr; Row;rpapy;> je;ij
,iy cjpu> kfd; ,Uf;fpwhd;. kfDf;Fg; gpwF Ngud; vd;W me;j tk;rk; njhlh;fpwJ.
MfNt ,Uf;Fk; tiu kdpj cwTfs; xUtiunahUth; Ghpe;J nfhz;L kfpo;r;rpahf
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; Fwpg;ghf tajhd epiyapYs;s je;ijia kfd; kfpo;rr
; pNahL itj;Jf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;; je;ij kfpo;r;rpNahL ,Uf;FkhW kfd; elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,f; fij
typAWj;JfpwJ. fijapd; Nghf;fpYk; KbtpYk; ,J ntspg;gilahf kfd; czh;tjhf
ekf;Ff; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. fijapd; jiyg;G FwpaPl;Lj; jd;ikapy; cs;sJ. FLk;g kukhf>
je;ij> kfd;> Ngud; vd;W njhlUk; cwT ,iyfshf cUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fijapd;
Nghf;fpy; ,f;FwpaPL tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
32

Ntl;if - mikg;G:
,e;jf; fij ,isQd; xUtdpd; kd Mir ntspg;gLtijAk;> mJ epiwNtWtijAk;
fhl;LfpwJ. irf;fps; Xl;br;nry;Yk;NghJ> topapy; vjph;g;gLk; kdpjh;fsplk; me;j ,isQd;
jd; krpo;rr
; pf;fhfTk;> jd;Kidg;G epiwNtwTk;> irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; jdf;F ahUk; epfhpy;iy
vd;gij ntspaplTk; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;fpwhd; vd;W ,f;fij fhl;LfpwJ. Mf> xU
gfy; nghOjpy; irf;fps; Xl;Lk;NghJ> mtd; ngWk; mDgtq;fs; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf ,f;
fijapy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. ,isQd; xUtd; irf;fps; Xl;Lk; me;jf; fzj;jpy;> mr;
nraypy; jd;Dila Ntl;ifia vt;thW ntspg;gLj;jp epiwNtw;Wfpwhd; vd;w fUj;ijg;
Gyg;gLj;JkhW> ,f; fijapd; fU mikg;G cs;sJ. mtd; nra;jJ rhpah? ,g;gbj; jd;
kfpo;r;rpf;fhfg; gpwiu (jd;idtpl typikapy; Fiwe;j fpotd;> fpuhkj;Jg; ngz;> gs;spr;
rpWtd; MfpNahiu) kdj;jhYk;> clyhYk; Jd;gg;gLj;jyhkh vd;w Nfs;tpfs; vOk;.
,g;gbg;gl;l gz;G - gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jp jhd; kfpOk; Fzk; - kdpjDf;F MfhJ vd;w
fUj; i jf; fijapd; Nghf; f py; ehk; ca; j ; J zuyhk; . Mdhy; > Mrphpah; vq; F k;
ntspg;gilahfNth> Fwpg;ghfNth ,ijf; $wtpy;iy. fU mikg;gpy; ,J kpfr; rpwe;j
Nghf;fhFk;.
,r; rpWfijapy; epfo;r;rpfshyhd fijaikg;G ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. khwhf> ,isQd;
rhiyapy; irf;fps; Xl;br; nry;Yk;NghJ> mtd; Ntl;if epiwNtWkhW vjph;nfhs;Sk; rpy
mDgtq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. ,it jkf;Fs; xd;Wgl;Lj; njhlh;Giladthf ,lk; ngwtpy;iy.
vdNt itg;G Kiwapy;> fhuz fhhpaj; njhlh;gpd;wp ,it jdpj;jdpahf cs;sd. Mdhy;>
,it ahTk;> irf;fps; Xl;Lk; ,isQDila Ntl;if epiwNtWtij czh;j;Jk; tz;zk;
mike;Js;sd. mit> xt;nthd;Wk; epfo;ej
; gpd;dh;> me;j ,isQDila> gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jp
mjd; %yk; kfpo;r;rpailAk; gz;G ntspg;gLfpwJ.
mj;Jld;> rhiyapy;> jhd; irf;fps;
Xl;br;nry;Yk; NghJ> jhd; epidj;jijr; rhjpf;Fk; Fzk;> jdf;F ahUk; ,izahf
KbahJ vd;w epidg;G Mfpad ntspg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Nehf;fq;fSf;F Vw;w Kiwapy;
mtDila mDgtq;fs; xd;iwaLj;J xd;W epfo;tjhf Mrphpah; fhl;Lfpwhh;. mtd;
vjph;nfhs;Sk; Kjy; %d;W mDgt epfo;Tfs; xU jd;ikapy; cs;sd. tajhd Viof;
fpoth;> fpuhkj;Jg; ngz;> gs;spr; rpWtd; vd;w %tUk; mth;fs; Nghf;fpy; rhiyapy;
cl;fhh;e;Njh> ele;Njh jkJ nraypy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;. ,isQd;> jhdhf typar; nrd;W>
mth;fis clyhYk; kdjhYk; mjph;rr
; pf;F cs;shf;Ffpwhd;. mth;fs;> jk;Kila nray;fspy;
Mo;e;J <Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> jpBnud;W irf;fps; gyj;j kzpNahirAld; mUfpy; te;J
jq;fis miyf;fopg;gij mth;fs; czUfpd;wdh;. me;j mjph;rr
; p je;j Jd;gk;> rpwpJ Neuk;
ePbf;fpwJ. mijf;fz;L> rw;Wj; njhiyT nrd;W> irf;fps; Xl;b jpUk;gpg;ghh;j;Jr; rphpj;J
kfpOfpwhd;. ,e;j %tUk; mtidtpl typik Fiwe;jth;fs;> irf;fps; Xl;lj; njhpahjth;fs;.
ehd;fhtjhf tUk; epfo;Tjhd;> ,tDf;Fr; rhprkkhd> irf;fps; ed;F Xl;lj; njhpe;j
xUtd;. mtidr; irL thq;fp> fle;J nrd;W> jdf;F mtd; <lhf KbahJ vd;W nraypy;
fhl;l> ,td; Kidfpwhd;. ,Wjpapy;> mJ epiwNtWfpwJ. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> Ntl;if
epiwNtWk; tz; z k; mtDila mDgt epfo; T fisf; nfhz; L fijaikg; G
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nehf; F epiy:
irf;fps; Xl;bahd ,isQDila mDgt epfo;Tfisf; nfhz;L> mtd; Ntl;if
epiwNtWtij ,f; fij $WfpwJ. me;j ,sQd; xUtNd ,f; fijapd; ikag; ghj;jpuk;.
33

mtDila Ntl;if epiwit mtDila mDgtkhfNt ekf;Ff; $wg;gLfpwJ. mjw;Nfw;gf;

fij mtDila ghh;itapNy> jd;ikf; $w;wpy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j ,isQDila
Ntl;if epiwNtWtjpy; mtd; vjph;nfhs;Sk; mDgt epfo;Tfs; mtd; rhh;ej
; it. rhiyapy;
irf;fps; Xl;br;nry;Yk;NghJ> vjph;gg
; Lk; midtiuAk; mjph;rr
; pf;F cs;shf;fp> mth;fSila
eLf;fj;ijAk;> mjdhy; Vw;gl;l kd cly; Jd;gj;ijAk; fz;L rw;Wj; njhiyT nrd;W
,td; urpf;fpwhd;. jhd; jtW nra;J> jtW KOtijAk; vjpuhspahd mg; ngz;zpd;kPJ
Rkj;Jtjhy;> mts; jpl;bj; jPh;g;gijf; Nfl;L urpf;fpwhd;. rpWtdplk; jd; tpj;ijfisf;
fhl;b kpul;Lfpwhd;. ,it midj;jpYk;> jdf;F ve;j tifapYk; <lhfhj typik
Fd;wpath;fsplk; mtd; ngw;w Ntl;if epiwit ,it fhl;Lfpd;wd. Mf> mtDila
MSikapYs;s gpwiuj; Jd;GWj;jp> jhd; kfpOk; Fzk; ,tw;wpy; ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,ij
mtd; mDgtkhf> mtd; $w;wpNy ekf;Ff; fhl;Lk; ,e;j Nehf;F epiy kpfg; nghUj;jkhf
,jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
ehd;fhtJ epfo;tpy;> NtWgl;l jsj;jpy; mtd; mDgtk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. kw;nwhU
irf;fps; Xl;b ,isQdplk; typar; nrd;W> jhd; irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; kpFe;j jpwik
cs;std;; mtd; jdf;F <lhf KbahJ vd;W fhl;Lk; jd; Kidg;G - jpkph; - ,jpy;
ntspg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW nraw;gLk;NghJ> Kjypy; jhd; Njhw;Wg; gpd;thq;fp> ku Nth;> Kl;
Gjh; Mfpatw;why; fhag;gl;L mtd; Ke;jpajhy; kdj;jpYk; fhag;gl;L tpLfpwhd;. kpFe;j
ntwpAld;> mtidf; fle;J njhiy J}uk; nrd;wgpd;jhd; Mj;jpuk; mlq;fp kdk; njspthfpwJ.
,J mtDila kd czh;T mDgtk;. vdNt kpFe;j nghUj;jKilajhf ,e;j Nehf;Fepiy
,f; fijapy; Msg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jiyg; G :
,f; fijapd; jiyg;G Ntl;if vd;gjhFk;. Ntl;if vd;gjw;F Mir vd;W nghUs;.
,f; fijapy; ,isQd; xUtd; irf;fps; Xl;br; nry;Yk;NghJ> vjph;g;gLk; midtiuAk;
fle;J> jhd; Ke;jpr;;nry;gtdhfTk;> irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; jdf;F ,iz ahUkpy;iy vd;W
fhl;l epidg;gtdhfTk; cs;shd;. vdNt> ,it mtDila Ntl;ifahFk;. ,e;j Ntl;if
epiwNtWtJ fijapy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. jd; Ntl;ifia epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;NghJ rhiyapy;
vjph;g;gLNthh; milAk; Jd;gk; mtDf;Fg; nghUl;lhf ,y;iy. mj;Jld; jd; Mir
epiwNtwpa kfpo;r;rpAk; ngUkpjKk; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt ,isQdpd; Ntl;if
epiwNtwpaij ,f; fij fhl;Ltjhy; jiyg;G Vw;wjhf cs;sJ.

njhlf; f Kk; KbTk; :

,f; fijapd; njhlf;fk; me;j ,isQd;> tpLKiw ehspy; irf;fpis Xl;b> ntspNa
nry;Ytjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $wp> Njhw;Wtha; nra;tJNghy mike;Js;sJ. gugug;ghd
efur; Roypy;> [d re;jbkpFe;j FbapUg;Gg; gFjpapy; thOk; mtd;> tpLKiw ehspy;>
khiyapy; ey;y fhw;iwr; Rthrpf;f Ntz;br; irf;fps; Xl;br;nry;fpwhd; vd;gijj; njhlf;fk;
fhl;LfpwJ. \tapW fOTk; nghUl;L efuj;jpy; te;J tpOe;jtd; ehd;. vj;jidNah tpraj;jpy;
efuj;ij rfpj;Jf;nfhz;lNghJk; trpg;gplk; gw;wpajpy; kl;Lk; KbaNtapy;iy. ey;y fhw;iw
ehY ,Og;G ,Of;Fk; re;Njhrj;jpw;fhf khiyapy; irf;fpis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa
NghNtd;| vd;w njhlf;fk; kpfTk; nghUj;jKilajhf cs;sJ. mNjNghyf; fijapd;
Kbtpy; jk;ik ahUk; Ke;jptplhky; jhd; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;ljhff; $Wk; $w;wpy; fij
34

KbfpwJ. \ve;jr; irf;fpSk; vd;id Ke;jptplhky; ghh;jJ

; f;nfhs;Stjpy; ftdkha; ,Ue;Njd;|
vd;W mtd; $WtJ ,ijf; fhl;Lk;.

fUg; Gyg;ghL:
irf;fps; Xl;Lk; ,isQdpd; kd Ntl;if epiwNtWtij ,f;fij fhl;LfpwJ.
fijapd; Nghf;fpy;> rhiyapy; vjph;g;gLk; midtiuAk; jhz;b> jhd; Ke;jpr; nry;gtdhf
mtd; irf;fps; Xl;Lfpwhd;. fpotd;> fpuhkj;Jg; ngz;> gs;spr; rpWtd; MfpNahiuf;
flf;Fk;NghJ> mth;fis eLq;fr; nra;J> tpiue;J Kd;NdWfpwhd;. kw;nwhU irf;fps;
Xl;biaf; flf;Fk;NghJ> njhopy; Kiwg; Nghl;bahff; fUjp> mtid Ke;Jfpwhd;. Mf>
irf;fps; Xl;Ltjpy; jdf;F ,iz ahUkpy;iy vd;W ntspg;gLj;JtJ mtDila Ntl;ifahf
cs;sJ. ,J Kjy; %d;W epfo;Tfspy; Fwpg;ghfTk;> filrpapy; ntspg;gilahfTk; ekf;Ff;
$wg;gLfpwJ.

khaf;fpspfs; - mikg;G:
mur mjpfhuj;jpy; cah;ej
; epiyapy;> murpahf cs;s xU ngz;> jdJ KiwNflhd
xOf;fj;jhy;> vt;thW ele;Jnfhs;Sfpwhs; vd;gij ,f; fij tpsf;FfpwJ. murpapd;
xOf;ff; Nfl;il mwpe;J mJ ntsp tuhky; ghJfhf;fTk;> njhluhky; mij Kwpabf;fTk;
ke;jphp jpl;lkpLfpwhh;. ke;jphp jd; tuk;ig kPwp> jd;Dila me;juq;f tp~aj;jpy; FWf;fpLtjhf
murp fUJfpwhs;. ,jdhy; te;j Mj;jpuk; ke;jphpia gopthq;fTk;> jd; mjpfhuj;ij
ntspg;gLj;jTk; nra;fpwJ. ,Jjhd; fijapd; ikak;. ehl;Lg;Gw> tha;nkhop kuGf; fijNghy
,J cs;sJ. murd;> murp> ke;jphp MfpNahiu ikakpl;L> ,aw;iff;F khWgl;l ke;jpu je;jpu epfo;r;rpfshy; fij gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sJ. cah;e;j Ml;rp mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ngz;>
jd;Dila xOf;ff; Nfl;il njhluTk;> mjpy; gpwh; FWf;fPl;il vjph;j;J Kwpabf;fTk;
nra;ths; vd;w fUj;ij> kpfr; nrwpthf ,f; fij ekf;Ff; fhl;LfpwJ. fU mikg;G kpf
ed;whf> ,ay;ghdjhf mike;Js;sJ.
,f; fUit tpsf;Fk; Kiwapy; fij gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sJ. tha;nkhop ,yf;fpa kugpy;
cs;s uh[h uhzp fij Nghy cs;sJ. murd;> fhl;bw;F Ntl;ilf;Fg; Ngha;j; jpUk;Gk;NghJ>
fhl;Lthrpahd ngz;iz kze;J gl;l kfp~pahf;fp tUfpwhd;. mts; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;
ghLtjpy;> ke;jpu je;jpuq;fspy; ty;yts;.
mur kuG rhuhj> fhl;Lthrpg; ngz; uhzpahdij
ke;jphp tpUk;gtpy;iy. MdhYk; mJ murdpd; jdpg;gl;l chpik vd;W mikjp fhf;fpwhh;.
murpapd; KiwNflhd xOf;ff; Nfl;il ke;jphp mwpfpwhh;. ke;jphpf;Fk; murpf;Fkpilapy;
KuZk; NkhjYk; tsh;fpd;wd. jd; ghijapy; Fwpf;fpl;l ke;jphpia murp gopthq;Ffpwhs;.
ke;jphpapd; kfidj; jd; ,r;irf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpspahf cUkhw;wp itj;jpUf;fpwhs;.
,Wjpapy;> ke;jphpapd; nrayhNy mf; fpsp - ke;jphp kfd; - ,wf;fpwhd;. ,e;jf; fijaikg;G>
kpf ,ay;ghfr; rpf;fy;> tsh;r;rp> KbT vd;W mOj;jkhf mike;Js;sJ.
murd; murpf;Fg; gj;J fpspfisg; ghprhf toq;Ffpwhd;. ,uz;L fpspfs; muz;kid
Nfhl;ilr; RtUf;F ntspNa ,we;J fplg;gijAk;> murpapd; ghJfhg;gpy;> me;jg;Gur; rad
miwapy; ,Ue;j fpspf; $z;by; gj;J fpspfs; ,Ug;gijAk; jd; xw;wh; %yk; ke;jphp
mwpfpwhh;. ,jpy;jhd; rpf;fy; njhlq;FfpwJ. mJ tsh;e;J> tpy;yhsd; xUtd; %yk;> khaf;

35

fpspfshd ,uz;il kha;f;f ke;jphp jpl;lkpLfpwhd;. mr; nray; epiwNtWk;NghJ> ke;jphp

kfDk; khaf; fpspahf murpahy; khw;wg;gl;lJ> ke;jphpf;Fj; njhpatUfpwJ. ke;jphp
mjph;r;rpahfpwhh;. ,J fijapd; cr;rfl;lkhfpwJ. gpd;dh;> me;j tpy;yhsd; jz;lid
ngWk; Neuj;jpy; murpaplk; kPz;Lk; gj;J fpspfs; ,Ug;gjhf murDf;F Xiy tUfpwJ.
,j;Jld; fij KbfpwJ. jd;Dila mjpfhu tuk;gpy; ke;jphp FWf;fpl;lij Kwpabj;J murp
jd;Dila xOf;ff; Nfl;ilf; njhlUfpwhs; vd;gij ,k; KbT fhl;LfpwJ. Mf epfo;rr
; pfshy;
Md fijaikg;G> fhuzfhhpa ,iaGld; gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpf;fypd; Njhw;wk;> cr;repiy>
KbT vd;w mikg;gpy;> kpf tYTilajhf mikg;G cs;sJ.

Nehf; F epiy:
,f; fij> Mrphpah; $w;wpy; glh;f;if ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. murd;> murp> ke;jphp
Mfpa %d;W Kjd;ikg; ghj;jpuq;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L fijia elj;jpr; nry;y me;j
Nehf;Fepiy Vw;wjhf cs;sJ. Foe;ijg; gz;Gila murd;> KiwNflhd elj;ij cila
murp> ehl;Lg; gw;Wk; mur tpRthrKk; nfhz;l nray;jpwd; kpf;f ke;jphp Mfpa %tUila
gz;G eyd;fis tpsf;fTk;> fijiar; Rit Fd;whkYk;> Mh;tj;JlDk;> ,Wjpapy; vjph;ghuhj
jpBh; KbTld; nrhy;Ytjw;F ,e;j Nehf;Fepiy kpfg; nghUj;jkhf cs;sJ. ve;jr;
rhh;Gkpy;yhky;> epfo;tpw;F ntspNa epd;W> kpfr; rhpahd Nfhzj;jpy; fij epfo;r;rpfisAk;>
khe;jhpd; gz;G eyd;fisAk; vLj;Jf; $w> ,e;j Nehf;Fepiy kpfr; rhpahd xd;whf
cs;sJ. MrphpaNu fij $wp> murpapd; gz;ig gbg;gth; Ghpe;J nfhs;SkhW Kbtpy;
Fwpg;ghf ntspg;gLj;j ,e;j vLj;Jiuj;jy; Kiw Vw;wjhf cs;sJ.

jiyg;Gg; nghUj;jk;:
murp> ahUf;Fk; njhpahky;> jd; KiwNflhd ghYwT Ntl;ifiaj; jPh;j;Jf;
nfhs;Sfpwhs;. Ntl;if Kbe;j gpwF> me;j Mz;fisf; fpspfshf;fpj; jd; $l;bw;Fs;
itj;jpUf;fpwhs;. ,aw;ifahd fpspfshf my;yhky; khaf; fpspfshf mit cs;sd
vd;W Fwpg;gpl \khaf; fpspfs;| vd;w jiyg;gpy;> nghUs; nghUj;jKilajhf cs;sJ.
Kjypy; ,uz;L fpspisf; nfhd;W kjpw; RtUf;F ntspNa vwpe;Jtpl;L> ,uz;L gil
tPuh;fis khaf; fpspfshf cUkhw;Wfpwhs;. me;j ufrpak; ke;jphpf;Fj; njhpe;J> mth; jd;
mjpfhu tuk;gpy; FWf;fpLtij murp mwpfpwhs;. ke;jphpiag; gopthq;f> ke;jphp kfid
%d;whtJ khaf; fpspahf;Ffpwhs;. %d;W khaf; fpspfs;> tpy;yhsdhy; nfhy;yg;gl;L
kha;fpd;wd. jkpopy;> \kha| vd;why; ,we;j vd;W nghUs;. vdNt khaf; fpspfs; vd;gJ
,we;j fpspfs; vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;. tpy;yhsdhy;> Vida VO fpspfs; $z;bypUe;J>
ntspNa gwf;ftplg;gl;ld. fij Kbtpy; murpaplk; gj;J fpspfSk; gj;jpukhf cs;sd
vd;w mtrur; nra;jp tUfpwJ. ,jpy; khaf; fpspfs; vj;jid vd;gijg; gbg;gth; Cfj;jpw;F
tpl;L fij KbfpwJ. kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nghUs; eakpf;fjhf> fijj; jiyg;G cs;sJ.

njhlf;fk; - KbT:
,r; rpWfij murpapd; jtwhd xOf;ff; Nfl;il vLj;Jiug;gij ikakhff;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jw;Nfw;g murp fijapd; ikag; ghj;jpukhfpwhs;. mtisr; Rw;wpNa fij
epfo;Tfs; ahTk; elf;fpd;wd. mtSila gz;ig tpsf;FtNj fijf; fUthfTs;sJ.
vdNt> mjw;Nfw;w Kiwapy; fijapd; njhlf;fk; cs;sJ. \jdJ ,dj;Jld; tdq;fspy;
jphpe;J nfhz;bUe;jtSld; gpNuik nfhz;L gl;lkfp~pahf;fpf; nfhz;lhd; murd;. ke;jphp
mjph;r;rpapy; ciwe;J Nghdhh;.| vd;W fijapd; njhlf;fk; cs;sJ. fhl;by; cs;s mur
36

tk;rk; rhuhj xUj;jp> murdhy; tpUk;gp kzk; nra;J gl;lj;J uhzpahdhs; vd;W mtis
mwpKfk; nra;tNjhL fij njhlq;FfpwJ. ke;jphpf;F ,J gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk;
njhlf;fj;jpNy $wg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> ke;jphp - uhzp ,UtUf;Fkpilapyhd Kuz;> fijapd;
tsh;r;rpf;F mbj;jskhfpwJ. vdNt me;j Kuz; njhlf;fj;jpNy Rl;lg;gLfpwJ.
\xU kiyehl;Lf;fhhp fPh;j;jpkpf;f ,e; ehl;bd; kfh uhzpahtij| ke;jphpapd; kdk;
Vw;ftpy;iy. murd;> Foe;ij ,ay;G nfhz;ltdhf ,Ue;jhd;. mjdhy; >murp mtdplk;
rypg;G nfhz;lhs;. mts; xU fhl;lhW Nghy ,Ue;jhs;. ,it fijapd; njhlf;fj;jpNy
tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. \mtsplk; vOe;j Ntl;if tuk;Gfisf; fle;J gutf;$baJ vd;gij
(murd;) mwpe;jhdpy;iy. mts; NtW Mlth;fSld; ehl;lk; nfhs;gtshdhs;| vd;W fijapd;
njhlf;fg; gFjpapNy murpapd; gz;Gk;> murd; mij czuhjJk;> rpf;fy; Njhd;wpapUg;gJk;
kpf ed;whf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fijapd; KbT vjph;ghuhj> jpBh; Kbthf cs;sJ. mJ mjph;r;rp; jUk; Kbty;y.
murpapd; jtwhd elj;ij ,d;Dk; njhlUfpwJ vd;gij typAWj;Jtjhf KbT thpfs;
mike;Js;sd. jd; elj;ij ke;jphpf;Fj; njhpe;J tpl;lJ vd;gjhy;> murp jpUe;jptpl;lhs;
vd;W KbT nra;af;$lhJ vd;gijf; fijapd; KbT fhl;LfpwJ. $z;bypUe;J ntspNa
gwe;J Nghd gj;Jf; fpspfSk; jpUk;gp te;Jtpl;ld vd;W vOjg;gl;l fbjk; uhzpahy;
murDf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;jg; gj;jpy; mry; fpspfs; vj;jid> khaf; fpspfs;
vj;jid vd;gJ ahUf;Fj; njhpAk;> murpiaj; jtpu. murp xU fhl;lhw;iwg; Nghd;wts;
vd;gij ,e;j KbT thpfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. Xu; mw;Gjkhd> gz;G eyid tpsf;Fk; kpfr;
rpwe;j fij ,J.

fU Gyg;ghL:
fijapd; njhlf;fk; Kjy;> ,WjptiuapYk; murpapd; gz;G eyd; ekf;Ff;
fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. mts;> fhl;by; jd; ,d kf;fSld; jphpe;jts;. Vuhskhd ehl;Lg;Gwg;
ghly;fis ,irNahL ghLgts;. mtw;iwr; rPjdkhfj; jd;NdhL nfhz;Lte;J vg;NghJk;
ghba tz;zk; ,Ug;gts;. mts; te;j gpwF> Vuhskhd gwitfs;> tpjtpjkhd gl;lhk;
g+r;rpfs; muz;kidf;F te;jd. ,t;thW Fwpg;ghf mtSila kdk; fiy ehl;lk; cilajhf
,Ue;jnjd Mrphpah; fhl;Lfpwhh;. nghJthff; fiyfspy; tpUg;gKilath;fs; ,d;g ehl;lk;
cilath;fshf ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
gpd;dh;> mLj;j gFjpapy; murp xU fhl;lhw;iwg; Nghd;wts;> ke;jpu je;jpuq;fspy;
ty;yts;. \murpaplk; vOe;j Ntl;if tuk;Gfisf; fle;J gutf; $baJ. NtW Mlth;fSld;
ehl;lk; nfhs;gts; Mdhs;| vd;w thpfspy; Mrphpah; ntspg;gilahff; $Wfpwhh;. Mf> murp
jdJ Kiwaw;w ghYwT Ntl;ifia ve;j topapYk; epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;Sgts;. mjw;;Ff;
FWf;fPlhf ke;jphp cl;gl ahh; te;jhYk; mts; gopthq;fpj; jd; nraiy epiwNtw;Wgts;
vd;gijf; fij njspthff; fhl;LfpwJ. ,t;thW fUg; Gyg;ghL> Fwpg;ghfTk; ntspg;gilahfTk;
,f; fijapy; mike;Js;sJ.

tPL - mikg;G:
tPL vd;w jiyg;igf; nfhz;l ,f; fij kuGk; GJikAk; ,ize;j kdpj cwtpd;
mOj;jk;> MSik> Nehf;fk; vd;gtw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ. tPL vd;gJ ntWk; [lg;nghUsd;W.
37

mJ> kdpjh;fis cUthf;Fk; ,lk; vd;gijr; nrhy;YfpwJ. ,g;NghJ tsh;e;J> etPd

tho;f;ifapd; gytpjkhd tsh;r;rpfisAk; ngw;Wf; FLk;gj; jiytpahf tsh;e;Js;s xU
ngz;> jd;Dila tsh;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;j tPl;il> mjpYs;s kdpjh;fis vz;zpg;
ghh;g;gjhf ,f; fijapd; mikg;G cs;sJ. tPL vd;gJ Kd;fl;L> eLg;gFjp> gpd;fl;L vd;w
vy;yhk; Nrh;ej
; Jjhd;. mJNghy> kpFe;j kuGg; gpbg;Gk;> gioik thjKk; epiwe;j mjpfhukpf;f
Mz;fshd jhj;jh> nghpag;gh> mg;gh MfpNahUld;> gpwh; ed;ikf;fhfg; ghpe;J NgRk;
nghpak;kh> mk;kh> ghl;b vd;W midtUk; Nrh;eJ
; jhd; jd;id ,e;j epiyf;F Mshf;fpAs;sdh;
vd;W mg; ngz; czh;tjhf ,f; fij fhl;LfpwJ. ,d;iwa ,sk; jiyKiw tsh;r;rp
kughd gioik kpFe;j %j;j jiyKiwapdhplkpUe;J te;Js;sJ. fl;Lg;ghLfspypUe;J>
jhd; vg;gb> vJthf tsu Ntz;LNkh mijr; rhpahf miltJjhd; tho;f;ifapd; tsh;r;rp
vd;w fijf; fUit kpfr; rhpahf tpsf;FfpwJ ,f; fij. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; fUtpd;
mikg;G ed;F tYthf mike;Js;sJ. fijapd; Nghf;fpy;> filrpg; gFjpapy;> ,f; fU
ekf;F tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fijapd; mikg;G> fijj; jiytpapd; kd czh;T Xl;lj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. mg;
ngz;zpw;Fg; ngah; vJTk; $wg;gltpy;iy. nghJthf mts; vd;Nw fijapy; Rl;lg;gLfpwJ.
Mf> Fwpg;gpl;l xU ngaUld; fij khe;jh; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf ,f; fUj;J
nghJikg;gLj;jg;gLk; Kiwapy; fij mike;Js;sJ. fijapy; ,lk; ngWk; ve;jg;
ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; ngah; #l;lg;glhjJ ,f; fijapd; jdpj;jd;ikahFk;. me;jg; ngz;> ,g;NghJ
tsh;e;Js;s epiyapy;> jd; fle;j fhyj;ij epidj;Jg; ghh;f;fpwhs;. mts; rpWkpahf
tPl;by; J}Zf;Fj; J}z; jhtp Xb tpisahba fhyk; - nghpa ngz;zhdJk; jiyapy;
nrhk;ig itj;Jf; fufhl;lf;fhhpNghy MlNtz;Lk; vd;W Mirg;gl;l gUtk; Kjy;> tsh;eJ
; >
nghpa ngz;zhfp> fy;Yhhpg; gbg;G Kbj;J> Ntiyapy; Nrh;e;J> kzkhfp> ,d;W FLk;gj;
jiytpahf cs;s epiytiu mtSila tho;f;if epfo;r;rpfs; fijapy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
,it ahTk; mtSila epidNthl;lj;jpy; gbg;gtUf;F tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kyUk;
epidTfisg; Nghy mit njhlh;r;rpahf xNu rPuhd fhy Kiwapy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
gpd;Ndhf;F> edNthil Mfpa Kiwfspy; md;wpj; njhlh;r;rpahf epidj;Jg; ghh;g;gjhf>
,it mike; J s; s d. gioa epidTfs; jUk; tho; f ; i f mDgtq; f shf mit
fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. epfo;r;rpfshf> xd;Nwhnlhd;W fhuz fhhpaj; njhlh;G nfhz;l Kiwapy;
mit fhl;lg;gltpy;iy. fijapd; fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Nfw;w Kiwapy;> fijaikg;G
cs;sJ.

N ehf; F epiy:
,f;fij> Mrphpah; $w;wpy; glh;fi
; f ,lj;jpy; $wg;gLtjhf cs;sJ. fijj; jiytpahd
me;jg; ngz;> ,g;NghJ jhd; tsh;eJ
; tpl;l epiyapy;> tPli
; lg; ghh;jj
; Jk;> Vw;gLk; epidTfs;>
mtis tsh;j;j me;j tPL> mjpYs;s kdpjh;fs; vd;W midj;ijAk; ekf;Fg; glk;
gpbj;Jf;fhl;l ,e;j Nehf;F epiy kpfTk; Vw;w xd;whf cs;sJ. mtSila epidtpy;
gioa mDgtq;fis vLj;Jf;$w> ,e;jg; ghh;it rhpahdjhf cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf mg; ngz;
jd; tPlb
; d; gpd;fl;L> eLf;$lk;>; Kd;fl;L vd;W xt;nthU gFjpahff; fijapd; njhlf;fj;jpy;
tUzpf;Fkplj;jpy; topfhl;b xUth; ek;NkhL ,Ue;J xt;nthd;whf tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lk; mDgtj;ij
ehk; ngWfpNwhk;. ,jw;F Mrphpah; fij $Wk; Nehf;F epiyjhd; nghUj;jKilajhf
,Uf;Fk;. mijg; NghyNt> jhj;jh> nghpak;kh vd;w kdpjh;fis> FLk;g cwTfis mtuth;
jdpj;jd;ik Njhd;w ekf;Fg; glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;l ,e;j vLj;Jiuj;jy; kpfr; rpwe;jjhf
38

cs;sJ. KOtJk; mtSila epidTfshff; fhl;lg;gLtjhy;> vLj;Jiuj;jy; kpFjpahfTk;>

ciuahly; kpff; FiwthfTk; cs;sd.

jiyg; G :
tPL vd;w ,f; fijapd; jiyg;G nghUs; nghUj;jKw mike;Js;sJ. ntWk; kz;>
nrq;fy; nfhz;L fl;lg;gl;l gUg;nghUshf tPL ,Ug;gjpy;iy. mJ jiyKiw jiyKiwahf
kdpjh;fisf; FLk;gk; vd;w ,izg;gpy; cUthf;FfpwJ. gioikAk; kuGg; gpbg;Gk; cila
%j;j jiyKiwapdhplkpUe;J GJikAk;> mwptpay; njhopy; El;gKk; kpFe;j ,d;iwa
%d;whtJ jiyKiw cUthfpwJ vd;w fUit tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; ,j; jiyg;G cs;sJ.
tPl;bd; mikg;gpy;> taJf;F tUk;tiu ngz;fs; Kd;fl;Ltiu tuyhk;. tajpw;F te;j
gpd;dh; mth;fspd; ,af;fk;> gpd;fl;NlhL epWj;jg;gLk;. ,J> fhyq;fhykhf me;j tPl;by;>
kuGthjpfshd Mz;fshy;> ngz;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l fl;Lg;ghL. ,isikapd; Ntfj;jpy;
ngz;fs; ,j;jifa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; jq;fs; Rje;jpuj;ijg; ghjpg;gjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;>
gpd;dh; jhq;fSk; jpUkzkhfp> FLk;gg; nghWg;ig Vw;wgpd;dh;jhd;> jq;fs; tsh;r;rpf;F ,J
cjtpaij epidj;Jg; ghh;fpd;wdh;. tPL vd;gJ> Kd;fl;L> gpd;fl;L> eLg;gFjpnad> vy;yhk;
,ize;jJjhd; vd;W mg; ngz; czUtjhff; fijapd; Kbtpy; $wg;gLfpwJ. tPL> kdpj
MSikia cUthf;FfpwJ vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; jiyg;G cs;sJ.

njhlf;fk; - KbT:
fijapd; njhlf;fk; tPl;ilg;gw;wpa tUzidAld; cs;sJ. tPL mjd; gFjpfs;
vt;thW Ntiyg;ghL kpFe;jjhf ,Ue;jd vd;gJ ,jpy; ,lk; ngWfpwJ. ,jd; %yk;>
me;jf; FLk;gj;jpd; nry;tr; nropg;G> tskhd tho;f;if fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. fijg; Nghf;fpy;>
me;j tPl;bd; jhj;jh> CUf;F uh[h khjphpahfTk;> nghpak;kh ke;jphpahfTk; ,Ue;J Ch;
kf;fSf;F ed;ik nra;jdh; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;Nfw;g tskhd tPL vd;W fhl;lj;
njhlf;fk; cjTfpwJ. \mts; J}z;Nky; rha;e;J epd;Wnfhz;bUe;jhs;. ey;y Njf;fpy;
file;njLj;J Nkw;g+r;R gsgsg;G ,d;Dk; Nghfhky; epd;wJ J}z;| vd;W njhlf;f thpfs;
cs;sd. me;jg; ngz;zpd; ,d;iwa tsh;r;rpf;F me;j tPLk;> %d;W jiyKiwahf tUk;
mjd; kdpjh;fSk; vt;thW Nth;fshf ,Ue;jdh; vd;gijf; fij tpsf;fp ,Uf;fpwJ.
mjw;Nfw;w njhlf;fk; ,J.
fijapd; Kbtpy; jd;Dila xt;nthU tshr;rpf;Fk; nghpak;khTk;> gpd;fl;L cwTfSk;
fhuzkhf - Nth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;gij mts; epidj;Jg; ghh;ff
; pwhs;. me;j epidTfs;
je;j Rfj;jpy;> Ntypg; gliyj; js;spf; nfhz;L ntspNa te;J tPl;ilr; Rw;wpAs;s ntspj;
Njhl;lj;jpy; ele;jhs;. mg;NghJ ntspapypUe;J tPl;ilg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> tPL KOikahfj;
njhpe;jJ. Kd;fl;Lk;> gpd;fl;Lk;> eLKw;wKk; ,ize;J tPL KOikaha;j; njhpe;jJ vd;W
nghUj;jkhf cs;sJ. tPL mjd; gFjpfs;> mjpYs;s kdpjh;fs; vy;yhk; Nrh;e;jJjhd;.
Nth;fs; kiwe;jpUf;f> ntspNa
,iyfSk; kyh;fSk; njhpAk;. ,d;iwa kyh;r;rp>
Nth;fshy;jhd; vd;gij ,e;j KbT thpfs;> njhlf;fk;> jiyg;G vy;yhk; xd;wpize;J
tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

fU Gyg;ghL:
,f;fij> tPL vt;thW kdpj cUthf;fj;jpw;Fj; Jizahf cs;sJ vd;gijf;
fUthff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tPL mjpYs;s kdpjh;fisr; Nrh;j;Jj;jhd; KOik ngWk;. jhj;jh>
39

nghpag;gh Mfpa gioa jiyKiwapdh;> ,isQh;fis - Fwpg;ghfr; rpW ngz;fis epiwaNt fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. mg;NghJ fl;Lg;ghLfs; jkf;F tpyq;fhtjhf ,sk; ngz;fs;
fUJfpd;wdh;. nghpak;kh> xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; fijj; jiytpiaf; fl;Lg;ghLfspypUe;J
fhj;J> tpLjiy - fl;Lg;ghL Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Ghpaitj;J tsh;r;rpf;F cjTfpwhs;.
,Wjpapy;> jhd; ,d;iwa epiyf;F tsh;e
; j
; jw;F> gpd;fl;Lk; mq;Fs;s cwTfSk;> nghpak;khTk;
Nth;fshf ,Ue;jijf; fijj; jiytp czUfpwhs;. fijapd; Nghf;fpy;> ,f; fU>
ntspg;gilahfTk; Fwpg;ghfTk; ekf;Fg; Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
xt;nthU fijAk;> mw;Gjkhd mikg;gpidAk;> ,d;wpaikahj rpWfij cj;jpfisAk;
ngw;W vt;thW fiyj;jd;ikAk;> RitAk; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ vd;gij ,Jtiu
mwpe;Njhk;. rpWfijfs; ,d;Dk; Vuhskhd mikg;gpidAk; cj;jpfisAk; ngw;W ,Uf;Fk;.
epiwaf; fijfisj; njhlh;e;J gbj;jhy;> mit jhkhfg; gapw;rpahy; njhpa tUk;.

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40