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PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

1. Perbedaan process dan process safety

Kedua jurusan pekerjaan ini beda di deliverables dan spesialisasi keilmuannya walau
memang dominan dari teknik kimia tentunya dan tidak menutup kemungkinan dari jurusan
teknik yg satu fakultas. Contoh deliverable process engineering package seperti line list, line
sizing, compressor surge control, P&ID, PFD, operating philosophy, dst.berikut software
seperti Hysis dan Pro2 adalah domain process engineer.
Sementara software dgn contoh Phast, Cirrus, Fred, dst.berikut deliverable seperti Hazardous
Area Classification, Spacing and layout distance, HSE philosophy, QRA, FERA, dst.adalah
contoh produk dokumen yg diprakarsai process safety engineer. Lebih jauh lagi pasti ada yg
dikerjakan oleh kawan2 yg di operator company, EPC dan specialized vendor. Tentu training
dan basic knowledge yg diperlukan akan berbeda.
2. QRA
Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) software and methodologies give quantitative estimates
of risks, given the parameters defining them. They are used in the financial sector, the
chemical process industry, and other areas.
In financial terms, quantitative risk assessments include a calculation of the single loss
expectancy of monetary value of an asset.
In the chemical process and petrochemical industries a QRA is primarily concerned with
determining the potential loss of life (PLL) caused by undesired events. Specialist software
can be used to model the effects of such an event, and to help calculate the potential loss of
life. Some organisations use the risk outputs to assess the implied cost to avert a fatality
(ICAF) which can be used to set quantified criteria for what is an unacceptable risk and what
is tolerable.
For the explosives industry, QRA can be used for many explosive risk applications. It is
especially useful for site risk analysis when reliance on quantity distance (QD) tables is not
feasible.

3. FERA (Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment)


Fire and explosion risk assessment can be undertaken at concept and design stages to identify
major accident (dimensioning) events and verify the suitability of applied fire safety
provisions.
4. Process engineer vs process safety engineer
Process Safety Engineer biasanya tidak mengurus lagi modifikasi, new facility design dan
detail engineering desain, seperti aktifitas berikut : hydraulic calc, pump sizing, tank sizing,
hysis simulation, dst.
Yang jadi fokus process safety eng adalah apa yg mau dipasang : memenuhi kriteria facility
siting and layout, safety in design (human factor), hazardous area classification dan hazard
serta operatibility concern dari design apa semuanya sudah diidentifikasi dan dimitigasi
dengan baik atau tidak; termasuk pula urusan integrity dan safety critical element facility
apakah sudah diperhitungkan atau belum.
Hazid, Hazop, SIL (Safety Integrity Level), PHA, LOPA, project technical review /project
phase gate adalah menu utama process safety eng.; tapi belum tentu dikasih menu utama
untuk ngobok-ngobok hal ttg JSA dan procedure/method statement.
Process Engineer ada pula yang merangkap menu yang sama tergantung perusahaannya.
5. Process Safety Engineer vs HSE / Safety Engineer
HSE / Safety Engineer biasanya tidak mengurus masalah safety dari aspek design. Safety yg
diurus adalah dari sisi occupational health, industrial hygiene, safety/HSE management
system, behavior safety, operational safety, dan kadang diberi juga porsi sedikit hal
lingkungan bila mengurus project. Menu utamanya adalah urusan Management system, audit
cycle (internal/external), JSA, Procedure / Method Statement, record MCU, record stop work
atau SWA, statistic/KPI perusahaan terutama hal laporan kecelakaan kerja, dst.
6. SIL
Safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as a relative level of risk-reduction provided by a
safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction. In simple terms, SIL is a
measurement of performance required for a safety instrumented function (SIF).
The requirements for a given SIL are not consistent among all of the functional safety
standards. In the European functional safety standards based on the IEC 61508 standard four
SILs are defined, with SIL 4 the most dependable and SIL 1 the least. A SIL is determined

based on a number of quantitative factors in combination with qualitative factors such as


development process and safety life cycle management.
There are several methods used to assign a SIL. These are normally used in combination, and
may include:

Risk matrices
Risk graphs

Layers of protection analysis (LOPA)

Of the methods presented above, LOPA is by far the most commonly used by large industrial
facilities.
7. PHA
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) (or Process Hazard Evaluation) is a set of organized and
systematic assessments of the potential hazards associated with an industrial process. A PHA
provides information intended to assist managers and employees in making decisions for
improving safety and reducing the consequences of unwanted or unplanned releases of
hazardous chemicals. A PHA is directed toward analyzing potential causes and consequences
of fires, explosions, releases of toxic or flammable chemicals and major spills of hazardous
chemicals, and it focuses on equipment, instrumentation, utilities, human actions, and
external factors that might impact the process.
8. LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis)
LOPA is a methodology for hazard evaluation and risk assessment. LOPA is a recognized
technique for selecting the appropriate safety integrity level (SIL) of your safety
instrumented system (SIS) according to the requirements of standards such as ANSI/ISA84.00.01.
9. JSA (Joba Safety Analysis)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) simply means looking at the work task and considering what is the
safest way to complete it. It is a way of becoming aware of the hazards involved in doing the
job and taking action to prevent an injury.
Five Job Safety Analysis steps :
a. Document the activity: Assemble those involved in the activity and then, using the JSA
worksheet, write down the tasks that make up the activity, step by step.

b. Identify the hazards: Next to each task, identify what part of the task may cause injury
to those doing the work or to anyone else nearby.
c. Document the control measures: For each identified hazard, list the measures that need
to be put in place to eliminate or minimise any likely risk of injury to those involved.
d. Identify who is responsible: Document the name of the person responsible for
implementing the control measure.
e. Monitor and review: Make sure the activity is supervised to ensure the documented
process is being followed. The JSA should be reviewed whenever a documented activity
changes, when there is a change of personnel or after an appropriate length of time.
10. SWA
Stop Work Authority (SWA)a safety risk-management approach that empowers each
employee (and sometimes makes each employee responsible) to stop work without reprisal if
he perceives imminent danger as he performs a workplace function.
11. PLL (Potential Loss of Life) or fatality
12. IEC 61511
IEC 61511 is a technical standard which sets out practices in the engineering of systems that
ensure the safety of an industrial process through the use of instrumentation. Such systems
are referred to as Safety Instrumented Systems. The title of the standard is "Functional safety
- Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector".
13. IEC 61508
IEC 61508 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical
Commission of rules applied in industry. It is titled Functional Safety of
Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems (E/E/PE, or E/E/PES).
14. PSAT (Pre Start-up Acceptance Test)
15. E/E/PE (Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic)
16. PSSR (Pre Start-up Safety Review)
17. PFD (Probability of Failure on Demand)
18. RRF (Risk Reduction Factor)

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