Adv Trans Nuclear

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis
Application of EDSAs Advanced Transient Stability in the Safety Related Studies

of the Nuclear Power Plant
1.0
Introduction
EDSAs transient stability program can help power system engineers involved in Nuclear Power
Plant design and operation, meet NRC compliance standards and regulations. The United States
NRC Regulations regarding Electric Power supply requirements are found in Title 10, of Code of
Federal Regulations, Appendix A, GDC 17. Similar requirements are found in IAEA Safety Guide
No.50-SG-D7 (Emergency Power Systems at Nuclear Power Plants).
The following sections will illustrate how to model and study the following nine important transient
stability issues:
Study No.1
Study No.2
Study No.3
Study No.4
Study No.5
Study No.6
Study No.7
Bus Transfer Analysis

Emergency Startup of Auxiliary Systems in Nuclear Power Plants
Motor Sequencing in Nuclear Power Plants
Failure of Automatic Voltage Regulators in Nuclear Power Plants
Application of ULTC (Under Load Tap Changers)
Modeling and Simulation of Over-Current Relays
Advanced Dynamic Motor Starting of Induction Motors
Studies No.1 to No.4 are used to demonstrate the unique features of EDSAs transient program in
achieving analysis such as LOOP (Loss of Offsite Power) and LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident).
These studies are commonly carried out for NRC compliance and for the safe operation of
Nuclear Power Plants.
2.0
The Transient Stability Program Interface
This Icon, displays the

Transient Stability Toolbar.
Transient Stability Toolbar.
Transient Stability Symbols Catalog.
AdvTrans 2
Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002
2.1
The Transient Stability Program Toolbar
Run the Analysis.

View all curves.
Connectivity Check.
Edit/View motor data.
View selected curves on

the Single Line Diagram.
AdvTrans 3
2.2
The Transient Stability Program Catalog
This symbol adds an Event to the Network.
This symbol adds a Generator Dynamic Model

to the Network.
This symbol adds a Motor Dynamic Model to

the Network.
To add Events, Generators and Motor

dynamic models to the network, simply
select drag and connect the symbols over
to the desired position on the single line
diagram. Once the element has been
attached to the diagram, the program will
automatically display its respective
editors. At this point proceed to enter the
data as required.
AdvTrans 4
2.3
The Transient Stability Calculation Control Interface
To initiate a Transient Stability Study,

select this icon.
Real Time Simulation Interface.
Type the Total Simulation Time,

using the keypad.
Select whether or not to use

Automatic Integration Step
Adjustment.
Specify the Integration Step in

seconds.
Set the Reporting Time Step as a

multiple of the Integration Time
Step.
Specify the Convergence
Tolerance for the Analysis.
Specify the Maximum number of
iterations to be used.
This button Starts and Pauses the

simulation process.
Important Note:
Automatic Integration Adjustment Setting:
This setting is used to speed up the analysis in systems that are either very large and/or have
numerous events taking place during the course of the simulation. The program skips over
those sections that display steady-state behavior, and focus its simulation power on those
points where the events are occurring. If selected, the user must specify the minimum and
maximum steps to be used.
AdvTrans 5
This button produces

a text report of the
analysis.
Important Notes:
Select Components to display: This setting allow the user to select which components
will have an output graphical report, once the simulation is completed.
Set Zone Frequency: This setting allows the user to define the nominal frequencies on
mechanically coupled systems (M-G Sets).
Set Printing Selections: This setting allows the user to select which components will be
included in the output text report.
View Text Results: This command produces an output text report. This option is only
available after the simulation has been successfully completed.
View Graphic Results: This button switches over to the graphical view interface, where
the user can find all the elements that were selected in the Select Components to
Display setting. This option is only available after the simulation has been successfully
completed.
AdvTrans 6
Once the simulation has been completed, the

results are shown in the 4 quadrants of this screen.
Select from the pick list the element to

be displayed in its respective quadrant.
Select Start Simulation to

proceed with the analysis.
3.0
Preparing the Subject Files for a Transient Stability Analysis.
Step 1.
Once a viable system model has been created and checked for errors, proceed to run an
Advanced Power Flow analysis in order to establish the initial conditions for the system. If faults
other than 3-phase balanced faults are to be simulated as transient disturbances, then a short
circuit analysis must also be run. Before, running a transient analysis, one should examine that
the power flow result and make sure system conditions are within acceptable steady state
operation limits. I.e. voltages are for example within 95-105%, there are no severely overloaded
lines/cables/transformers, the generators are not producing or absorbing reactive power outside
their reactive power capability, the active power generation is within the turbine capability, etc.
If the Transient Stability study requires motor starting analysis, you must first run an Advanced
Power Flow Motor Starting analysis, prior to engaging the Transient Stability program. This is
done so that motor characteristics (equivalent circuit, mechanical load, etc.) can be read by the
Transient Stability program.
Reset the started motors back to the Steady State mode, and re-run the Advanced Power Flow
Program, so that the initial conditions of the network can be re-established.
AdvTrans 7
Step 2.
Enter the dynamic models for the generators, exciters, turbines, governors, induction machines,
relays, etc. The preferred approach is to first enter the generator data by itself, and execute a
Transient Analysis run without applying any disturbance. Under these circumstances one must
verify that all parameters (voltages, power flows, angles, etc.) remain constant as function of time.
Next, add the data for controls (exciters, governors, etc.). It is wise not to use complex control
models when sufficient data for it is not available. It is better to use simpler model with good data
than having complex model and bad data. Garbage in, Garbage out!
Step 3.
Run the Transient Analysis once for a second time without applying any disturbance. Again, all
monitored quantities should remain constant over the time
Step 4.
Now that the data has been tested, the desired disturbance(s) can be entered and simulated.
Carefully examine the result of the transient program by plotting the monitored parameters.
Paying close attention to the tabular report, check and correct modeling deficiencies as required.
For example, if a fault has been applied, then, the generator field voltage should increase when
terminal voltage has fallen (provided an exciter has been defined for the machine). If machine has
sped up, then, the mechanical power should decrease (provided a governor has been defined for
the machine).
4.0
Study No.1: Bus Transfer Analysis

EDSA File: Bus-Transfer.axd
The first study deals with the impact of a bus transfer operation on the stability of a user-defined
network. This example is valid for both fast and slow bus transfers, all the user has to do in order to
accommodate the transfer speed, is to adjust the reconnection time of auxiliaries. The network in
question is shown below in Figure 1.
Event 1.
Loss of UTIL Generator.
Supply line trip at 0.5 sec.
Event 2.
Switch Closes 1.0 seconds later.
Figure 1.
AdvTrans 8
We will assume that initially, the auxiliaries are supplied from the UTIL generator (shown on the left
side of Figure 1). Half a second later we will simulate a loss of generation by means of a line trip
command in the EDSA transient program. A second after the loss of supply to the auxiliaries, we will
close a switch between BUSA and BUSB.
4.1
Modeling the Line Trip
Step 1.
Double-click on the UTIL
Generator event.
Step 2.
Add a Branch Tripping
event as indicated here.
4.2
Modeling the Tie Breaker (Branch Addition)
Step 1.
Double-click on the BUSA event.
Step 2.
Add a Branch Addition
event as indicated here.
AdvTrans 9
4.3
Summary of Generators in the System
4.4
Summary of Events in the System
4.5
Summary of Motors in the System
AdvTrans 10
4.6
Running the Analysis
Step 2.
Review the response
of the Generator here.
Step 1.
Select Start Simulation.
Step 3.
Review the response
of the Motors here.
Transient Response for BUSA.
Transient Response for BUSB.
AdvTrans 11
5.0
Study No.2: Emergency Startup of Auxiliaries in a Nuclear Power Plant

EDSA File: EMERGENCYSTART.axd
The emergency startup of the auxiliary equipment in a nuclear power plant is of paramount
importance to its safe operation. In this example, the emergency supply is normally a Diesel
generator. It is important to determine the capability of the diesel generator in successfully
starting all of the critical auxiliaries. Table 1, shows the auxiliaries that will be started
simultaneously. It has been assumed that PUMPA is already running the rest of induction motors
will be energized at half a second intervals throughout the simulation. Figure 2. illustrates the
plant configuration for this study.
Diesel Generator.
Figure 2.
PUMPA is in the running mode.
Motor
No. Bus ID
1
PUMPA
2
PUMPB
3
BCFG
4
HPC2
5
PUMEM
6
WTR
7
HPC
8
M100
9
M101
10
M102
11
M103
12
M104
13
M105
Table 1.
Motor Operation Mode
Stop/Start
Time(sec.)
Running
999.00
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Starting
0.50
Induction Motor Startup Time Table
AdvTrans 12
5.1
5.2
AdvTrans 13
5.3
Generator Response.
Starting response for PUMPB.
As it can be seen from above screen-capture, a severe voltage and frequency drop would be
experienced if an emergency startup, as the one described in this example, were to take place.
This simulation would indicate to the user that a simultaneous startup is not a viable option.
6.0
Study No.3: Motor Sequencing in a Nuclear Power Plant

EDSA File: MOTORSEQUENCE.axd
In this example, the same loads that were energized at once in Study No.2 will be sequentially
powered in order to minimize the impact on the Diesel generator. Since this source is considered
to be weak, (relative to a utility supply bus), an optimum sequence must be determined in order to
ensure that all the safety related loads can be powered first, followed by the non-critical ones.
The loads will be energized according to the schedule shown in Table 2. It is also assumed in
this case that PUMPA is running prior to the sequencing of the other loads. The single line
diagram is identical to the one shown in Figure 2 of section 5.0.
AdvTrans 14
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Motor Bus ID
Motor Operation Mode
Start Time
PUMPA
Running
N/A
PUMPB
Starting
5.50
BCFG
Starting
2.50
HPC2
Starting
2.50
PUMEM
Starting
2.50
WTR
Starting
2.50
HPC
Starting
2.50
M100
Starting
1.00
M101
Starting
1.00
M102
Starting
1.00
M103
Starting
1.00
M104
Starting
1.00
M105
Starting
1.00
Table No.2
Example of a sequential startup schedule
6.1
6.2
AdvTrans 15
6.3

Generator Response.
Equipment Response.
AdvTrans 16
7.0
Study No.4: Failure of AVR in a Nuclear Power Plant

EDSA File: AVRFAILURE.axd
In some cases Nuclear Power Plants may require studies involving the failure of Automatic
Voltage Regulators, following a LOOP - LOCA simulation. EDSAs transient stability program
makes this kind of study possible with minimum effort. The network to be studied is identical to
the one shown in Figure 2, section 5.0. Essentially we still have a plant being supplied solely by
the Diesel generator. Figure 3, below indicates how to access the AVR that corresponds to the
Diesel generator under study.
Figure 3.
Step 1.
Double click on the
Generator Dynamic
symbol.
Step 2.
Invoke the AVR editor and
complete the data as shown
here.
As shown in Figure 3, the exciter control for this particular example is capable of controlling the
field voltage by means of a step function. The user can take advantage of this feature, and define
values that can simulate a failure of the device. In this particular case, the following data enables
the system to simulate an AVR control failure at 3.5 seconds into the simulation. This is
accomplished by setting the device as follows:
Time 1:
Time 2:
EFD1:
3.5 seconds
100 seconds (The total simulation period will be 20 seconds)
2.2
This first step indicates that the AVR output will remain constant throughout the simulation period,
which will be set to a value of 20 seconds. The remainder of the steps are set at 100 seconds
and EFD=0 so that they are simply ignored.
In this example, it will be assumed that the motors listed in 7.2 will start simultaneously 1 second
into the simulation.
AdvTrans 17
7.1
7.2
AdvTrans 18
7.3
Generator Response
Voltage drop caused by simultaneous

motor startup 1 second into the simulation.
After 3.5 seconds, EFD remains constant

at 2.2 per unit as specified in Figure 3.
AdvTrans 19
8.0
Study No.5: Application of Under Load Tap Changers

EDSA File: testultc.axd
In this example, we will illustrate how to model an Under Load Tap Changing Transformer
controlled by a servomotor. The basic idea is illustrated in Figure 4, below. This figure assumes
that the tap changer is located on the secondary windings of the transformer.
Figure 4.
Transformer Secondary
(Variable Tap)
Transformer Primary
Servo Motor is fed
from a different bus.
Servo Motor
In order to designate a transformer as a ULTC branch, first it must be defined in the database
editor as a voltage control device. Once this is done, a ULTC device can be assigned to the
controlled bus, from the Transient Stability program interface. The network under study is shown
in Figure 5 below.
ULTC Transformer
ULTC Controlled Bus
(Event)
ULTC Servo is fed from

here (Bus SERVO)
Figure 5.
AdvTrans 20
8.1
Preparing the ULTC Control Transformer(s)
Step 1.
Double click on the control
transformer. In this case
branch 7 10.
Step 3.
Select the Controlled Bus
command.
Step 4.
Specify the required control
parameters and press OK.
Step 2.
Select the Load Flow tab, and
activate the Automatic Tap
Adjustment feature by selecting
On. Also specify the tap location.
Notice from the above screen-capture that the taps have been placed on the primary windings of
the transformer.
8.2
Summary of Disturbances in the System
The following table summarizes the disturbances that will be dealt with in this example. The
objective is to determine whether the ULTC can appropriately compensate for the voltage
excursions caused by these events.
AdvTrans 21
8.3
Defining the ULTC characteristics at Bus 7
Enter the characteristics of the

ULTC as indicated here.
AdvTrans 22
8.4
8.5
Results for ULTC

Controlled Bus 7.
Notice the effect of the motorized

tap changer as it brings the voltage
back up to 1.02 Pu following the
disturbances listed in 7.2.
AdvTrans 23
Active and Reactive Power Flow

across the ULTC Transformer
(Branch 02 7).
9.0
Study No.6: Modeling and Simulation of Over-Current Relays

EDSA File: OCRELAY.axd
This example is based on the network shown in Figure 6, below.

Three-Phase to Ground fault
@ 1.0 sec. lasting 0.1 sec.
Over-current Relay acting

upon line CCC138 BBB138.
Figure 6.
AdvTrans 24
In this network, a three-phase to ground fault has been placed on bus CCC138. The fault will
take place 1 second into the simulation, and will last for 0.1 seconds. An over-current relay
designed to trip line CCC138 BBB138 has been placed on bus BBB138. The objective is to
have the relay trip the faulted line, and study the effect of this event on the overall stability of the
network.
9.1
9.2
Defining the Fault at Bus CCC138
Step 1.
Double click on the event
shown on bus CCC138.
Step 2.
Define the fault as indicated
here and press OK.
AdvTrans 25
9.3
Defining the Over-Current Relay

Step 1.
Double click on the event
shown on bus BBB138.
Step 2.
Define the branchs To Bus ID, Circuit
Number, and Breaker Operating Time
as indicated here.
Step 3.
Finally, enter the tripping curve of the
relay, by either selecting one from the
database (From Relay DB), or selecting a
relay associated to a pre-existing PDC
study performed on this branch (From
PDC). In this example, the option From
PDC was selected. Select OK.
9.4
Summary of Events in the System
AdvTrans 26
9.5

Transient response for all
generators in the system.
Active & Reactive power flows across

tripped branch CCC138-BBB138.
AdvTrans 27
10.0
Study No.7: Advanced Dynamic Motor Starting of Induction Motors

EDSA File: MOTORSEQUENCE.axd
The EDSA Advanced Transient Stability Program and Advanced Power Flow programs allow the
user to model multiple motors using various starting methods. The available starting methods are:
1. Full Voltage
2. Full Voltage Square with three types of controls. These controls are function of Time, %
Motor Voltage, %Motor Speed.
3. Wye-Delta with three types of controls. This controller switches the motor from star
configuration to delta configuration. These controls are function of Time, % Motor
Voltage, %Motor Speed.
4. Autotransformer with three types of controls. This controller modifies the tap setting
within two steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time, % Motor Voltage,
%Motor Speed.
5. Part winding with three types of controls. This controller modifies the tap setting within
five steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time, % Motor Voltage, %Motor
Speed.
6. Series Resistance with three types of controls. This controller reduces the amount of
series impedance within five steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time, %
7. Series Reactance with three types of controls. This controller reduces the amount of
series reactance within five steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time, %
8. Shunt Capacitance with three types of controls. This controller reduces the amount of
supplied reactive power within five steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time,
% Motor Voltage, %Motor Speed.
9. Solid State Voltage Control with three types of controls. This controller reduces the tap
setting within five steps. These steps are controlled as function of Time, % Motor Voltage,
%Motor Speed.
10. Solid State Current Limit this controller sets the motors current limit to the current Pu
value specified.
11. Solid State Current Ramp- this controller increases the current gradually from the first
value to the end value over the Tramp (Time 2 Time 1).
12. Solid State Voltage Ramp this controller increases the voltage gradually from the first
value to the end value over the Tramp (Time 2 Time 1).
13. Solid State Torque Ramp this controller increases the torque gradually from the first
value to the end value over the Tramp (Time2 Time 1).
14. Variable Frequency Drive this controller provides higher starting torque. This means
that the motor starting current is higher but the design of the VF is trade off between the
requirement of high starting torque and motor withstand capability of carrying higher
current.
AdvTrans 28
Some examples of starting methods are listed here:
Shunt Capacitor
Shunt Capacitor controllers are used to
reduce the amount of supplied reactive
power in up to five steps.
The time is related to the instance the
capacitor is switched on line. If the
capacitor to be removed off line at a
particular time, then that time must be
enter with KVAR equal to zero.
Current Limit
This controller is designed to limit the
Locked rotor current to a value defined
by the user.
AdvTrans 29
Current Ramp
This controller gradually increases
the current from Point 1 to Point 2 by
interpolating a linear Ramp function
between the two. For the example
shown here the current will increase
gradually from 3.0 to 5.0 pu within a
time frame ranging from 0 to 4
seconds.
Voltage Ramp
This controller gradually increases
the voltage from Point 1 to Point 2 by
interpolating a linear Ramp function
between the two. For the example
shown here the voltage will increase
gradually from 0.7 to 0.9 pu within a
time frame ranging from 0 to 4
seconds.
AdvTrans 30
Variable Frequency Drives

Variable frequency (VF) starters can
be used to assist motor starting in a
number of different scenarios. One
common use is where a high
starting torque is required, without
having to replace the existing motor
design.
In this example, a frequency of 0.8
pu (48 Hz) is applied for up to 3
seconds. Then, the frequency is
changed to 0.9 pu (54 Hz) for an
additional 2 seconds and finally
the frequency is set to nominal
value at 5 seconds.
The following graphs show motor starting performance differences between some of the
starting methods used in EDSA
Chart 2 - Torque
Chart 2 - Torque
13696
13654
Motor
Load
8009
5187
8034
5203
2365
2372
-458
-459
0 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12
Time in Seconds
Part Winding Motor Starting

Time (Sec)
0
0.1
%Torque (lb-ft)
110.25
44.45
Motor
Load
10865
lbf-ft
lbf-ft
10832
0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time in Seconds
Series Resistance Motor Starting

Time (Sec)
0
0.1
AdvTrans 31
%Torque (lb-ft)
110.25
60.96
Chart 2 - Torque
Chart 2 - Torque
13691
13799
Motor
Load
8094
5242
8031
5201
2390
2371
-463
-459
0.0 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.5 4.3 5.2 6.0 6.9 7.8 8.6
Time in Seconds
0 2 5 7 9 12 14 16 19 21 24
Time in Seconds
Solid State Current Limit Motor Starting

Time (Sec)
0
0.1
Motor
Load
10861
lbf-ft
lbf-ft
10947
VFD Motor Starting Time
%Torque (lb-ft)
110.25
34.15
Time (Sec)
0
0.1
%Torque (lb-ft)
110.25
103.04
For this example, we will resort to the same file used to illustrate the sequential startup of
Auxiliary equipment in a Nuclear Power Plant (refer to Study No.3, section 6.0). This time focus
will be placed on how to set selected motor(s) in the starting position, and how to evaluate the
results. As you can recall, in this example PUMPA is running, while the rest of the motors are
being sequenced-in as indicated in Table No.2 and section 6.2. In order to illustrate how motors
are treated in Transient Stability Starting Analysis, we will focus our attention on PUMPB,
understanding that al the rest of the motors have been treated in a similar manner.
Figure 7.
PUMPB will be used

to illustrate the study.
PUMPA is in the running mode.
AdvTrans 32
10.1
Setting a Motor in the Starting Position
Step 3.
Ensure the To Be Started
has been selected here.
Step 1.
Double click on the Motor
Dynamic Symbol.
Step 4.
Remember to specify the
Starting time here.
Step 2.
Modify the data as required.
Remember that when the Advanced
Power Flow Motor Starting is
executed, this information is
automatically passed-on to the
Transient Stability Motor editor.
Step 5.
Select OK when finished.
AdvTrans 33
10.2
Complete Results for PUMPB.
AdvTrans 34

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Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Application of EDSAs Advanced Transient Stability in the Safety Related Studies

Bus Transfer Analysis

The Transient Stability Program Interface

This Icon, displays the

Transient Stability Toolbar.

Transient Stability Symbols Catalog.

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

The Transient Stability Program Toolbar

Run the Analysis.

Edit/View motor data.

View selected curves on

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

The Transient Stability Program Catalog

This symbol adds an Event to the Network.

This symbol adds a Generator Dynamic Model

This symbol adds a Motor Dynamic Model to

To add Events, Generators and Motor

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

The Transient Stability Calculation Control Interface

To initiate a Transient Stability Study,

Type the Total Simulation Time,

Select whether or not to use

Specify the Integration Step in

Set the Reporting Time Step as a

This button Starts and Pauses the

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

This button produces

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Once the simulation has been completed, the

Select from the pick list the element to

Select Start Simulation to

Preparing the Subject Files for a Transient Stability Analysis.

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Study No.1: Bus Transfer Analysis

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Modeling the Line Trip

Modeling the Tie Breaker (Branch Addition)

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Summary of Generators in the System

Summary of Events in the System

Summary of Motors in the System

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Running the Analysis

Transient Response for BUSA.

Transient Response for BUSB.

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Study No.2: Emergency Startup of Auxiliaries in a Nuclear Power Plant

PUMPA is in the running mode.

Motor Operation Mode

Copyright EDSA Micro Corporation 2002

Advanced Transient Stability Analysis

Summary of Generators in the System

Summary of Motors in the System