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breakdowns and
emergencies
Learner Guide
Contents
What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 1
Plan your learning .................................................................. 2
How will you be assessed? .................................................... 5
Additional resources....................................................................... 43
This
Learner’s
Guide
is
about
the
skills
and
knowledge
required
to
coordinate
breakdowns
and
emergencies,
including
evaluating
the
breakdown/emergency
situation,
consulting
with
relevant
personnel/emergency
authorities,
coordinating
activities
at
the
breakdown/emergency
site,
and
completing
all
required
reports
and
documentation.
It
is
important
to
plan
your
learning
before
you
start
because
you
may
already
have
some
of
the
knowledge
and
skills
that
are
covered
in
this
Learner’s
Guide.
This
might
be
because:
• you
have
been
working
in
the
industry
for
some
time,
and/or
• you
have
already
completed
training
in
this
area.
Together
with
your
supervisor
or
trainer,
use
the
checklist
on
the
following
pages
to
help
you
plan
your
study
program.
Your
answers
to
the
questions
in
the
checklist
will
help
you
work
out
which
sections
of
this
Learner’s
Guide
you
need
to
complete.
This
Learner’s
Guide
is
written
with
the
idea
that
learning
is
made
more
relevant
when
you,
the
learner,
are
actually
working
in
the
industry.
This
means
that
you
will
have
people
within
your
enterprise
that
can
show
you
things
discuss
how
things
are
done
and
answer
any
questions
you
have.
Also
you
can
practise
what
you
learn
and
see
how
what
you
learn
is
applied
in
the
enterprise.
If
you
are
working
through
this
Learner’s
Guide
and
have
not
yet
found
a
job
in
the
industry,
you
will
need
to
talk
to
your
trainer
about
doing
work
experience
or
working
and
learning
in
some
sort
of
simulated
workplace.
Assessment
of
this
unit
of
competency
will
include
observation
of
real
or
simulated
work
processes
using
workplace
procedures
and
questioning
on
underpinning
knowledge
and
skills.
It
must
be
demonstrated
in
an
actual
or
simulated
work
situation
under
supervision.
Section 1 Evaluating
breakdown and
emergency situations
Section outline
Areas
covered
in
this
section
are:
• identifying,
clarifying
and
reporting
the
causes
and
effects
of
breakdown
or
emergency
situations
• applying
breakdown
and
emergency
coordination
procedures
• rendering
assistance
to
injured
persons
• establishing
the
risks
and
hazards
of
a
load
and
communicating
this
to
the
relevant
authorities
• taking
appropriate
action
where
the
load
has
been
identified
as
including
dangerous
or
hazardous
substances.
Breakdowns
usually
occur
at
the
most
inconvenient
times.
Some
of
the
most
common
types
can
be
categorised
as
follows:
• Vehicle
type
situations
collision
bogged
vehicle
breakdown
overturned
vehicle
accident
involving
another
vehicle.
• Goods
shifting
load
spillage
of
fuel
or
other
dangerous
goods
fire
or
explosion.
• Mechanical
engine
failure
broken
axel
brake
failure
steering
failure
tyre
blow
out
/
flat
tyre
electrical
failure.
Imaging
you
work
for
a
truck
haulage
company
and
you
receive
a
report
that
one
of
your
trucks
carrying
chemicals
in
large
drums
has
broken
down
while
making
deliveries.
Your
investigation
reveals:
• the
truck
has
broken
down
on
a
major
arterial
road
• the
truck
is
partially
blocking
the
left
lane
of
the
road
• the
engine
has
failed;
reason
unknown
• no
one
is
injured
• the
truck
is
not
secured,
not
made
safe.
From
the
information
you
have
collected,
how
do
you
interpret
the
causes
of
the
breakdown
and
the
effects
this
breakdown
could
have?
At
the
scene
of
the
breakdown
how
would
you
ensure
that
the
truck
and
its
load
are
made
secure?
Who should be notified of the causes and effects of the breakdown?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Broken
down
vehicles
are
a
hazard
to
the
safety
of
other
road
users.
If
a
vehicle
breaks
down
or
becomes
unsafe
to
drive
it
should:
• be
parked
it
off
the
road,
if
possible
• have
hazard
warning
lights
switched
on
• have
reflectors
or
other
warning
devices
placed
at
appropriate
places,
as
required
by
state
regulations.
If
you
need
help
securing
a
broken
down
vehicle,
send
someone
else
for
help,
while
you
stay
with
the
vehicle,
otherwise
make
the
vehicle
secure
before
leaving
the
vehicle
and
seeking
help.
Transport
drivers
are
bound
to
face
an
emergency
at
some
time.
This
could
be
a
problem
with
a
load
of
dangerous
goods,
skidding,
brake
failure,
tyre
failure
or
even
a
fire.
Emergencies
may
also
involve
accidents;
therefore
you
must
be
aware
of
the
state
regulations
concerning
correct
accident
procedures
to
follow.
Workplace
procedures
describe
the
actions
to
be
taken
in
an
emergency
situation.
The
procedures
require
operators
to
act
according
to
warnings
in
an
orderly
and
calm
manner.
In
general
terms,
describe
the
actions
that
you
would
take
to
coordinate
a
breakdown
or
emergency?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
The
first-‐aid
warden,
a
doctor
or
an
ambulance
officer
are
trained
to
provide
the
best
medical
help
and
should
be
the
ones
to
administer
any
necessary
assistance.
If,
however,
you
are
responsible
for
controlling
the
site
until
authorised
personnel
arrive,
use
the
standard
St.
John’s
Ambulance
procedure
for
emergencies,
‘DR
ABC’
(Danger,
Response,
Airways,
Breathing,
and
Circulation)
when
attending
an
injured
person.
Only
use
this
procedure
if
you
are
trained
in
expired
air
resuscitation
(EAR)
and
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
(CPR)
and
your
workplace
policies
allow
you
to.
D
=
DANGER
• Check
for
any
danger
to
yourself,
then
other
bystanders,
and
lastly
to
the
injured
person.
• Check
for
power
cables
etc.
DO
NOT
enter
areas
(room
or
confined
spaces)
where
air
may
be
contaminated.
R
=
RESPONSE
• Check
for
response
from
casualty.
• Send
for
help.
A
=
AIRWAYS
• Check
airways
of
injured
person
are
not
blocked.
B
=
BREATHING
• Check
to
see
if
person
is
breathing.
C
=
CIRCULATION
• Check
the
injured
person
for
pulse/heart
rate.
Because
time
is
critical
in
both
of
these
situations,
all
employees
need
to
be
aware
of
the
action
plan
for
basic
life
support
(DRABC
as
outlined
above),
how
to
perform
expired
air
resuscitation
(EAR)
and
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
(CPR)
and
first-‐aid
for
burns.
You
may
need
to
take
action
while
you
wait
for
the
arrival
of
the
first-‐
aid
officer
and
ambulance.
Ideally,
everyone
should
be
trained
in
First
Aid
practices.
In
a
situation
where
the
transport
truck
has
been
involved
in
a
collision
and
the
driver
has
been
injured,
what
assistance
would
you
offer
to
the
driver
after
assessing
the
situation?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
At
the
site
of
the
breakdown,
the
load
type
is
identified
and
a
risk
analysis
is
performed
to
identify
any
hazards
that
need
to
be
controlled.
This
information
is
communicated
to
the
relevant
authorities.
Accidents,
fires,
emergencies,
chemical
spills
and
bomb
scares
are
all
hazardous
events.
A
hazard
is
defined
as
a
situation
that
can
be
dangerous
to
people
or
can
cause
damage.
Physical
hazards
include:
• noise
• badly
stacked
loads
• damage
to
the
truck
• fuel
leakage
• poor
lighting
and
visibility.
Loads
can
be
identified
by
the
safety
symbol
signage
attached
to
the
vehicles,
by
looking
in
the
driver’s
log
book
and
paperwork
and
speaking
with
the
driver
to
determine
amount
and
type
of
materials
in
the
load.
In
a
situation
where
there
has
been
a
truck
breakdown,
how
do
you
go
about
identifying
the
risks
and
hazards
of
the
load?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Once
the
load
has
been
identified
as
dangerous
or
hazardous,
you
should
make
the
site
safe
by
securing
the
area,
notify
the
police,
fire
brigade,
and
any
other
essential
services.
Place
reflectors
or
other
warning
signs
at
appropriate
places
around
the
truck
in
accordance
with
state
regulations.
You
should
also
control
traffic
at
the
site
of
the
breakdown
or
emergency
to
reduce
further
damage
to
property
or
injury
to
people.
If
during
your
investigation
you
discover
the
load
is
dangerous,
what
precautions
and
actions
should
you
take?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Section 2 Consulting
with relevant persons
and authorities
Section outline
Emergency
situations
can
happen
at
any
time.
Events
such
as
contamination,
leakage,
fire,
a
bomb
threat
or
an
accident
could
make
it
necessary
to
secure
the
affected
area
and
require
you
to
contact
the
relevant
authorities.
List
the
authorities
that
you
may
need
to
assist
and
cooperate
with
in
a
breakdown
or
emergency
situation.
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Some
records
and
reports
are
for
internal
company
use
only,
while
others
must
be
passed
onto
the
appropriate
State
and
Territory
or
Commonwealth
Occupational
Health
and
Safety
Authority.
Information
is
exchanged
with
relevant
OHS
authorities
and
may
take
the
form
of
formal
reports.
Section 3 Coordinating
breakdown and
emergency situations
Section outline
The
action
you
take
to
control
an
emergency
or
breakdown
site
will
in
part
depend
on
the
nature
of
the
situation.
You
may
need
to
cordon
off
the
site,
with
signs
and
assistance
from
other
persons,
until
authorised
personnel
arrive.
This
will
ensure
protection
for
the
injured
people
or
other
personnel
in
the
warehouse.
Broken-‐down
vehicles
are
a
hazard
to
the
safety
of
other
road
users.
They
are
even
more
dangerous
when
the
vehicle
is
hard
to
see
due
to
darkness,
poor
weather,
or
dangerous
location.
If
your
vehicle
breaks
down
or
is
unsafe
to
drive
you
should:
• park
it
off
the
road,
if
possible
• switch
on
the
hazard
warning
lights
• place
reflectors
and
other
warning
devices
at
appropriate
places,
as
required
by
state
regulations
• if
help
is
required,
send
someone
else
for
assistance
and
remain
with
your
vehicle.
If
this
is
not
possible,
make
sure
your
vehicle
and
its
load
are
secure
before
you
leave
and
do
not
leave
it
unattended
for
longer
than
is
absolutely
necessary.
If
your
vehicle
breaks
down
or
is
involved
in
an
accident
while
carrying
dangerous
goods
you
should:
• switch
on
the
hazard
waring
lights
• set
out
reflective
warning
signs
• warn
any
people
who
may
be
at
risk
• follow
the
instructions
given
in
the
Emergency
Procedures
Guide,
which
should
be
in
a
pocket
on
the
inside
of
the
driver’s
door
• notify
the
police,
fire
brigade
and
any
other
relevant
emergency
services
as
required
• provide
assistance
and
information
to
the
emergency
services
• inform
the
person
or
the
company
for
whom
you
are
transporting
the
goods
what
has
happened.
Examples,
mechanical
breakdown,
chemical
spill,
breakdown
putting
motorists
at
risk
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Always
try
to
remove
yourself
and
others
from
potential
danger
caused
by
the
breakdown
or
emergency.
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Render
First
Aid
to
injured
persons,
remove
them
from
danger
if
possible
or
if
they
are
badly
injured
call
an
ambulance.
You
may
need
to
help
from
others
to
carry
out
First
Aid.
As
well
as
rendering
assistance
to
anyone
injured,
you
also
need
to
make
sure
that
the
situation
does
not
get
worse.
For
example,
after
a
car
accident
there
may
be
debris
on
the
road
which
might
increase
the
chances
of
a
further
accident
or
a
light
pole
may
have
been
hit
and
the
area
is
in
darkness.
You
should
organise
other
people
to
help
assist
traffic
to
avoid
the
situation.
Use
warning
signs
and
similar
indicators
to
warn
other
road
users
of
danger.
Once
you
have
attended
to
the
First
Aid
of
injured
people
you
may
need
to
reduce
the
risk
of
a
further
accident
by
clearing
up
any
debris
on
the
road.
You
may
need
to
provide
light
to
the
area,
put
up
warning
signs
or
use
fire
extinguishers
to
put
out
fires.
List
five
things
you
could
do
after
a
road
accident
to
minimise
injury
to
people
and
damage
to
property?
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.
Section 4 Completing
documentation
Section outline
Your
workplace
policies
and
procedures
will
explain
the
types
of
documents
that
need
to
be
completed
to
report
breakdowns
and
emergencies
and
may
include:
• injury
record
forms
• incident
record
forms
• damage
record
forms
• safety
record
forms
• internal
reports.
The
type
of
information
that
you
may
record
in
these
documents
includes:
• vehicle
specifications
• load
characteristics
• how
it
happened
• persons
injured
• affects
of
breakdown
or
emergency
on
the
environment
• property
damage
• what
happened
• names,
addresses
and
contact
details
of
other
drivers
involved
• registration
and
insurance
details
of
vehicles
involved.
All
accidents
and
injuries,
however
small,
should
be
reported
for
legal
and
as
information
records
for
future
analysis.
The
accident
or
incident
will
be
recorded
by
management
or
the
OHS
representative
and
an
Accident
Report
Form
completed
and
forwarded
to
relevant
authorities.
If
you
have
a
camera
available,
take
pictures
of
the
accident
scene.
In
your
work
area
what
types
of
documentation
and
reports
need
to
be
completed
when
an
equipment
breakdown
or
emergency
occurs?
Additional
resources
Websites
• Victorian
Workcover
Authority
Publications
http://www.workcover.vic.gov.au/dir090/vwa/publica.nsf/I
nternet+Publications?OpenView&Start=1&count=30&Expa
nd=1#1
• ACT
Department
of
Urban
Services
http://www.act.gov.au/accesspoint?uniqueSessionToken=
qrryc7qnp1-‐163314328951835996&action=menuHome
Publications
• Sunders,
John
&
Thompson,
Peter
The
Australian
Truck
Driver’s
Manual
1992
Edited
by
Bob
Murphy.
• ACT
Department
of
Urban
Services
ACT
Bus
and
Truck
Driver’s
Handbook
1999
Publication
No.
99/2962
Australian
Capital
Territory.
• Victorian
WorkCover
Authority
Managing
Dangerous
Goods
and
Preventing
Accidents
2000.
• Commonwealth
of
Australia
The
Australian
Truck
Drivers
Manual
1992
Feedback on activities
The
responses
provided
in
this
section
are
suggested
responses.
Because
every
workplace
is
different,
your
responses
may
vary
according
to
your
specific
workplace
procedures,
the
equipment
available
and
the
nature
of
the
business.
From
the
information
you
have
gathered
from
your
investigation
of
the
truck
breakdown
you
decide
that
without
a
mechanic
present
you
are
unable
to
determine
the
cause
of
the
breakdown.
If
the
truck
can
be
made
operational
or
towed
back
to
the
workshop
then
a
thorough
investigation
can
be
carried
out.
It
is
important
that
you
make
the
area
safe
until
the
truck
can
be
off
loaded
or
moved
to
a
safer
position.
In
the
meantime
the
truck
should
have
its:
• hazard
warning
lights
switched
on
• reflectors
and
other
warning
devices
placed
around
the
truck
• traffic
control
to
avoid
the
chance
of
a
collision.
Depending
on
the
nature
of
the
load,
you
may
require
to
transfer
the
load
to
another
vehicle
to
reduce
the
risk
of
damage
or
contamination
to
the
environment.
If
there
is
a
chemical
spill
authorities
such
as
the
police,
the
fire
brigade
and
emergency
services
should
be
involved
to
manage
the
situation
and
clean
up
and
remove
the
danger
of
the
spill.
Your
OHS
and
management
team
should
be
notified
of
any
breakdowns
or
emergencies
to
manage
the
situation
and
make
the
area
safe.
Actions
to
be
considered
when
dealing
with
a
breakdown
or
emergency
are
listed
below:
• identifying
and
following
established
breakdown
or
emergency
procedures
• evaluating
the
cause
and
effects
of
the
breakdown
or
emergency
• coordinating
emergency
procedures
and
rendering
assistance
and
first
aid
if
required
• contacting
and
cooperating
with
relevant
emergency
authorities
as
required
• controlling
traffic
at
the
site
of
a
breakdown
or
emergency
• taking
appropriate
action
to
secure
the
breakdown
or
emergency
situation
• obtaining
and
recording
information
about
the
incident
• reporting
on
breakdown
or
emergency
situation
in
accordance
with
regulatory
and
workplace
requirements.
Always
refer
to
your
workplace
polices
and
procedures
to
correctly
coordinate
breakdown
and
emergency
procedures.
If
you
are
faced
with
a
situation,
where
there
has
been
an
injury
associated
with
the
breakdown,
remain
calm
and
assess
the
situation.
Follow
First
Aid
principles,
making
sure
the
area
is
safe
before
you
render
assistance.
If
a
First
Aid
warden,
doctor
or
ambulance
officer
is
available
then
assist
them
with
the
injured
person.
If
you
are
responsible
for
controlling
the
site
apply
what
assistance
you
can.
You
may
need
to
perform
expired
air
resuscitation
(EAR)
and
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
(CPR).
To
identify
the
risks
and
hazards
of
the
load
you
need
to:
• inspect
the
location
of
the
truck
to
ensure
it
is
as
safely
positioned
• inspect
the
load
for
damage
or
leaks
• reposition
the
load
or
have
it
transferred
to
another
vehicle
if
it
is
unsafe
• determine
whether
the
load
is
dangerous
from
records
or
speaking
with
the
driver.
If
your
vehicle
breaks
down
while
carrying
dangerous
goods
you
should:
• switch
on
hazard
warning
lights
• set
out
reflective
warning
signs
• warn
any
people
who
may
be
at
risk
• follow
the
instructions
of
your
emergency
procedures
guide
• notify
the
police,
the
fire
brigade
and
any
other
necessary
emergency
service
• provide
assistance
and
information
to
the
emergency
services
• inform
your
company
what
has
happened.
The
assistance
and
cooperation
you
provide
to
authorities
varies
with
the
severity
of
the
breakdown
or
emergency.
A
list
of
some
of
the
authorities
you
may
need
to
deal
with
is
below:
• police,
to
control
traffic
and
provide
safety
to
people
• fire
brigade,
to
clear
up
chemical
spills
and
reduce
the
risk
of
fires
• emergency
services
to
minimise
damage
to
the
environment.
Chemical
spill.
Spray
foam
to
neutralise
Fire
extinguishers
or
the
the
chemical.
fire
truck
for
large
spills
Motorist
at
risk.
Control
traffic
until
the
Yourself
and
a
flashlight.
Police
arrive.
By
seeking
assistance
at
a
breakdown
or
emergency
site
you
will
be
reducing
your
workload
so
that
you
can
concentrate
on
your
investigation
and
collecting
information.
Assistance
in
controlling
traffic
will
reduce
the
chance
of
a
collision
or
injury
to
people
involved
with
cleaning
up
the
breakdown.
The
truck
breakdown
site
can
be
made
safe.
Five
things
you
could
do
to
minimise
injury
to
people
and
damage
to
property
includes:
• render
assistance
to
injured
people
• clear
away
debris
• move
damaged
vehicles
to
a
safe
location
• put
up
warning
signs
• organise
people
to
help
with
traffic
flow.
Your
workplace
policies
and
procedures
will
explain
the
types
of
documents
that
need
to
be
completed
for
breakdowns
and
emergencies
and
may
include:
• injury
record
forms
• incident
record
forms
• damage
record
forms
• safety
record
forms
• internal
reports.
If
you
are
unsure
which
document
to
use
or
how
to
fill
in
the
details
check
with
your
supervisor
or
you
safety
department.