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MT-210
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30
F0 and Q in Filters
Q = 20
20
by Hank Zumbahlen,
Analog Devices, Inc.
MAGNITUDE (dB)
10
Q = 0.1
10415-001
50
0.1
1
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10
H0
s2 +
0
Q
s + 0 2
(3)
HIGH-PASS FILTER
Changing the numerator of the transfer equation, H(s), of the
low-pass prototype to H0s2 transforms the low-pass filter into a
high-pass filter. The response of the high-pass filter is similar in
shape to a lowpass, just inverted in frequency
The transfer function of a highpass filter is then
(1)
H0s2
H (s ) =
= 2
20
40
The shape of the attenuation curve (as well as the phase and
delay curves, which define the time domain response of the
filter) will be the same if the ratio of the actual frequency to the
cutoff frequency is examined, rather than just the actual
frequency itself. Normalizing the filter to 1 rad/s, a simple
system for designing and comparing filters can be developed.
The filter is then scaled by the cutoff frequency to determine
the component values for the actual filter.
1
Q
10
30
s
(2)
0
Q
s + 0
(4)
2
Rev. 0 | Page 1 of 3
MT-210
Mini Tutorial
10
30
Q = 0.1
0
10
10
0
10
Q = 0.1
20
20
30
40
Q = 100
30
50
40
60
50
0.1
1
FREQUENCY (Hz)
70
0.1
10
H 0 0 s 2
0
Q
s + 0 2
(5)
where:
is the frequency (F0 = 2 0) at which the gain of the filter peaks.
H0 is the circuit gain and is defined
H0 = H/Q.
(6)
Q=
10
2
o
s2 +
1
FREQUENCY (Hz)
BAND-PASS FILTER
H (s ) =
10415-003
MAGNITUDE (dB)
20
10415-002
MAGNITUDE (dB)
Q = 20
F0
FH FL
(7)
H (s ) =
H 0 (s 2 + z 2 )
s2 +
(8)
F0 = FH FL
0
Q
s + 0 2
Also, note that the skirts of the band-pass response will always
be symmetrical around F0 on a logarithmic scale.
The response of a band-pass filter to various values of Q are
shown in Figure 3.
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 3
(9)
Mini Tutorial
MT-210
that the filters response below z will be less than the response
above z . This results in an elliptical high-pass filter.
LOW-PASS NOTCH
STANDARD NOTCH
5
Q = 20
0
5
HIGH-PASS NOTCH
10415-004
MAGNITUDE (dB)
10
0.3
1.0
FREQUENCY (kHz)
3.0
10.0
20
25
30
35
40
45
10415-005
0.1
Q = 0.1
15
50
0.1
1
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10
REFERENCES
Zumbahlen, Hank. Linear Circuit Design Handbook. Elsevier.
2008. ISBN: 978-7506-8703-4.
REVISION HISTORY
1/12Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 3