*****Please bring your tablet or laptop to class on Sept 8 (Tue)*****
Framing: in-class exercises
Language does our thinking for us, and one of the ways in which it does that is through framing, which is a process by which the emphasis or construction of a message affects how audiences interpret and evaluate issues. In this 2-part in-class exercise, you will explore different ways in which mainstream news media discuss contemporary issues, investigate the relationship between ontology and framing, and analyze the use of persuasive techniques (e.g., inoculation, descriptive norms and injunctive norms) in mainstream news media. Part 1: Due at the beginning of class on Sept 8 (Tue.) 1. Please sign up for one of the topics in class on Sept 3 o Those who are absent on Sept 3 will be randomly assigned a topic by Dr. Lee after class o If you dont already know your group members, please introduce yourself and exchange contact information for coordination, etc. o If you know already know that you are going to be absent on Sept 8, please email your examples to one of your teammates, in the required format (See #2 in Part 2 below) before Sept 8 so you can at least get credit for Part 1. 2. Each member is expected to find 3 digital examples of how the news media make a case for each side of the argument (e.g., 3 examples of how mainstream news media talk about abortion from pro-choices perspective, and 3 examples of how mainstream news media talk about abortion from pro-lifes perspective) o Available options include, but are not limited to news articles, audio or videos from (a) national, metropolitan and local newspapers, (b) national broadcast TV channels such as ABC, NBC and CBS or local broadcast TV channels that are affiliated with these three, (c) radio news channels such as NPR. If you have question about the suitability of your example, please feel free to ask me via email or in person 3. Each member is expected to (a) have all 6 examples listed in the required format (See #2 in Part 2 below), and (b) give some thought as to how you would answer all the questions in Part 2 based on the examples you found before coming to class on Sept 8. Failure to do so will result in a zero for Part 1. Part 2: Due by the end of class on Sept 8 (Tue.) Each group will submit one post to the course blog answering the following questions 1. (a) Which two frames are you examining? (b) Who is in your group? 2. Please list all (a) titles, (b) sources, (c) URLs and (d) name of the person who found the article EX: 1. (a) Same-sex couples can convert civil union into marriage (b) The Herald-News (c) http://www.theherald-news.com/2014/05/01/same-
sex-couples-can-convert-civil-union-into-marriage/aa8m12t/ (d) Dr. Lee
3. What is really at the core of the debate (e.g., why are the two sides in contention, or what is the problem?) Please try to describe the issue as neutrally as possible-without evoking any frame that may hint at your position on the issue. (EX: when it comes to pro-choice vs. pro-life, you may argue that the core of the debate is about legalization of abortion, the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy (according to dictionary.com). 4. Did you find any news story using the neutral frame you proposed in #3? 5. What is the ontological nature of both frames? (EX: For example, proponents of pro-life believe that life begins at conception, hence abortion is killing and should thus not be legalized. Whereas proponents of pro-choice believes that life begins at birth, hence what a woman wants to do to her body is her choice and the state should not interfere. In essence, the two sides differ in how they define life.) 6. What is the most common supporting evidence used by both sides? (EX: over 50% of the pro-choice articles cite the bible) 7. Who should be held responsible for the problem, according to both sides? 8. Did you spot any use of inoculation from both sides arguments? If so, please (a) provide one example from each side and (b) identify the steps. If not, please (a) come up with one example for each side and (b) explain how inoculation fits Remember, as we saw with Kennedys example, some of the steps may be implied and its fine to talk about those too 9. Did you spot the use of descriptive norms in any form (e.g, textual or visual)? Please explain 10. Did you spot the use of injunctive norms in any form (e.g, textual or visual)? Please explain You will be graded based on how well your group answers all the questions on the course blog, though there are no right or wrong answers per se. Critical analysis and creativity are important, and you are expected to polish your post so it is devoid of typos or grammatical errors. Each typo will result in a one-point deduction. It is expected that everyone participates actively and responsibly in both parts of the exercise. If you wish to fill out an optional peer evaluation form (i.e., to profile an uncooperative or irresponsible group member), please feel free to email me or see me after class on Sept 8. Last but not least, have fun!