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Documenti di Professioni
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Illness
Erythema infectiosum
Roseola infantum
Infectious mononucleosis
Dengue Fever
German Measles
Mumps
Measles
Hepatitis
Staphylococcal Scarlet Fever
Scarlet Fever
Meningococcemia
Cat-scratch fever
Secondary syphilis
Leptospirosis
Vesicular Exanthems
Infectious Agent
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2
Varicella-zoster virus
Variola virus
Orf virus
Coxsackieviruses A4, A5, A8, A10, A16
Coxsackieviruses B1-3
Echoviruses 6, 9, 11, 17
Enterovirus 71
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Candida albicans
Necator americanus
Illness
Cold sores, genital herpes, or neonatal herpes
Chickenpox or herpes zoster
Smallpox
Ecthyma contagiosum
Mumps
Atypical measles
Impetigo
Anthrax
Papulonecrotic tuberculids
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
Hookworm disease
Illness
Glove and socks syndrome
Hemorrhagic chickenpox
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Kinds of Rashes
Localized, non-palpable flat lesion of any color measuring <1cm
in diameter
Macule
Papule
Image courtesy of the Atlas of Philippine Dermatology 1st ed. Maano C. Et al. Editors Section of Dermatology, UP Manila
Kinds of Rashes
Plaque
Nodule
Image courtesy of the Atlas of Philippine Dermatology 1st ed. Maano C. Et al. Editors Section of Dermatology, UP Manila
Kinds
of Rashes
Kinds
of Rashes
Vesicle
Bulla
Image courtesy of the Atlas of Philippine Dermatology 1st ed. Maano C. Et al. Editors Section of Dermatology, UP Manila
Kinds
of Rashes
Kinds
of Rashes
Pustule
Ulceration
Image courtesy of the Atlas of Philippine Dermatology 1st ed. Maano C. Et al. Editors Section of Dermatology, UP Manila
Kinds of Rashes:
Variants
Maculopapular Confluent,
erythematous rash made up of both
macular and papular lesions.
Purpura Papular or macular
nonblanching lesions that are due
to extravasation of red blood cells.
Glossary. In: Dermatologic Manifestations of Infectious Diseases, Peterson PK, Dahl MV (eds), The Upjohn Company,
Kalamazoo, Michigan 1982, p.4.
Viral
Fungal
Protozoal/
Parasitic
Bartonella
henselae
Coxsackie
viruses A and B
Blastomyces
dermatitidis
Candida spp
Leptospira sp
Non-infectious
Dengue virus
M. tuberculosis
Measles
Coccidiodes
immitis
Onchocerca
volvulus
Dermatomyositis
M. pneumoniae
Human
herpesvirus 6
Cryptococcus
neoformans
Schistosoma
Drug
hypersensitivity
N. gonorrheae
Kawasaki (?)
Stongyloides
stercoralis
Gianotti-Crosti
syndrome
N. meningitidis
Rubella
Toxoplasma gondii
Inflammatory
bowel disease
S. Typhi
Echoviruses
Other
disseminated
deep fungal
infections in
immunocompro
mised patients
Trichinella spiralis
Pityriasis rosea
Rubella
German Measles
(Rubella)
Rubella Virus
Togavirus
RNA virus
Rubella Pathogenesis
Rubella rash
Rubella Complications
Arthralgia or arthritis
adult female
children
up to 70%
rare
Thrombocytopenic
purpura
Encephalitis
Neuritis
Orchitis
1/3,000 cases
1/6,000 cases
rare
rare
Rubella Epidemiology
Reservoir
Human
Transmission
Respiratory
Subclinical cases may
transmit
Temporal
pattern
Communicability
Measles (Rubeola)
Measles
Measles Virus
Paramyxovirus (RNA)
Hemagglutinin important surface
antigen
One antigenic type
Rapidly inactivated by heat and light
Measles Epidemiology
Reservoir
Human
Transmission
Temporal pattern
Communicability
Respiratory
Airborne
Measles Pathogenesis
Prodrome
Stepwise increase in fever to
103F or higher
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Kopliks spots
Measles Rash
Measles Complications
Condition
Diarrhea
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Hospitalization
Death
Percent reported
8
7
6
0.1
18
0.2
Chickenpox
(Varicella zoster)
3 yr old w/ generalized,
pruritic vesicular rash (in
crops), mild fever
Herpesvirus (DNA)
Primary infection results in varicella
(chickenpox)
Recurrent infection results in
herpes zoster (shingles)
Short survival in environment
Varicella Epidemiology
Reservoir
Human
Transmission
Airborne droplet
Direct contact with lesions
Temporal pattern
Communicability
Varicella Pathogenesis
Varicella Complications
Herpes simplex
1 and 2
1 yr old w/ fever, irritability, tender
submandibular adenopathy, ulcerative
enanthem on gingiva and mucous
membranes of mouth, and perioral vesicular
lesions
Most common clinical manifestation in
children = gingivostomatitis
Herpes Simplex
Herpes simplex
Herpes simplex
Herpes simplex
most are
asymptomatic
Gingivostomatitis-usually by HSV-1: fever,
irritability, tender submandibular adenopathy and
an ulcerative enanthem in gingiva and mucous
membranes of mouth, often with perioral vesicular
lesions
Genital herpes- usually by HSV-2: most common in
adols and adults, vesicular or ulcerative lesions of
the genital organs, perineum or both
Eczema herpeticum- vesicular lesions
concentrated in the areas of eczematous
involvement
Herpes simplex
Herpes virus
Herpes virus
Herpes simplex
Roseola infantum
(Exanthem subitum, Human herpesvirus 6)
1 yr old w/ high fever (3-7 days), followed by maculopapular rash (neck -> trunk ->
extremities) lasting for hours to days, (10-15% with seizures)
Roseola
Roseola
Roseola rash
Fifth Disease
Fifth Disease
Treatment: Only supportive care
CONTROL MEASURES:
Children with EI may attend child care or
school, because they no longer are contagious
once the rash appears.
Hand hygiene and proper disposal of used
tissues.
69
Slapped Cheek
Epstein-Barr Virus
EBV
EBV
EBV
EBV rash
EBV
Contact Precautions
A typical cutaneous
lesion has an
elliptical vesicle
surrounded by an
erythematous halo.
The long axis of the
lesion is oriented
along the skin lines.
The lesions on the hands and feet are present for 5-10 days.
The mucosal and cutaneous lesions heal spontaneously in 57 days.
mage courtesy of the Atlas of Philippine Dermatology 1st ed. Maano C. Et al. Eds Section of Dermatology, UP Manil. Up-to-date.c
Reproduced with permission from: www.visualdx.com. Copyright Logical Images, Inc.
Meningococcemia
Meningococcemia
Flu-like illness followed within 48 hrs by a
rash in 70-90% of patients
> petechial/purpuric in 60-70%
> maculopapular in 10-15%
> purpura fulminans in 5-10%
Peak age: <1 yr old (3 to 5 months)
Courtesy of Charles V Sanders. (The Skin and Infection: A Color Atlas and Text, Sanders, CV, Nesbitt, LT Jr (Eds), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995).;
www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/meniaap001.jpg Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics