VS1011e

VS1011e - MP3 AUDIO DECODER

Features

Description

Decodes MPEG 1.0 & 2.0 audio layer

III (MP3: CBR, VBR, ABR); layers I &
II (MP1, MP2) optional; WAV (PCM +
IMA ADPCM)
320 kbit/s MP3 with 12.0 MHz external
clock
Streaming support for all audio formats
Bass and treble controls
Operates with single 12..13 MHz or 24..26
MHz external clock
Internal clock doubler
Low-power operation
High-quality stereo DAC with no phase
error between channels
Stereo earphone driver capable of driving a 30 load
Separate 2.5 .. 3.6 V operating voltages for analog and digital
Serial control and data interfaces
Can be used as a slave co-processor
5.5 KiB On-chip RAM for user code /
data
SPI boot for standalone applications
New functions may be added with software and 4 GPIO pins
Lead-free and RoHS-compliant packages
LPQFP-48, BGA-49, and SOIC-28

VS1011
GPIO

GPIO

VS1011e is a single-chip MPEG audio (MP3)

decoder IC. The circuit contains a high-performance,
low-power DSP processor core VS_DSP4 , working memory, 5 KiB instruction RAM and 0.5
KiB data RAM for user applications, serial control and input data interfaces, 4 general purpose I/O pins, as well as a high-quality variablesample-rate stereo DAC, followed by an earphone amplifier and a common buffer.
VS1011e receives its input bitstream through
a serial input bus, which it listens to as a
system slave. The input stream is decoded
and passed through a digital volume control
to an 18-bit oversampling, multi-bit, sigmadelta DAC. The decoding is controlled via a
serial control bus. In addition to basic decoding, it is possible to add application specific
features, like DSP effects, to the user RAM
memory.
VS1011e can boot directly from SPI EEPROM
to run standalone applications without a separate microcontroller.

Stereo
DAC

Stereo Ear
phone Driver

audio
L
R
output

X ROM

DREQ
SO
SI
SCLK
XCS

Serial
Data/
Control
Interface

X RAM

VSDSP

Y ROM

XDCS

Y RAM

Instruction
RAM

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

Instruction
ROM

VS1011e

CONTENTS

Contents
VS1011

Table of Contents

List of Figures

1 License

2 Disclaimer

3 Definitions

4 Characteristics & Specifications

4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . .
4.3 Analog Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization

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5 Packages and Pin Descriptions

5.1 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1 LQFP-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 BGA-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.3 SOIC-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1 LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions
5.2.2 SOIC-28 Pin Descriptions . . . . . . .

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6 Connection Diagram, LQFP-48

7 SPI Buses
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 SPI Bus Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2.1 VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . .
7.2.2 VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . .
7.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.2 SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . .
7.3.3 SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . .
7.4 Data Request Pin DREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI) . . . . .
7.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.2 SCI Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.3 SCI Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 SPI Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.7 SPI Examples with SM_SDINEW and SM_SDISHARED set
7.7.1 Two SCI Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.7.2 Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.7.3 SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes . . . .
Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

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2

VS1011e
8 Functional Description
8.1 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Supported Audio Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2.1 Supported MP1 (MPEG layer I) Formats .
8.2.2 Supported MP2 (MPEG layer II) Formats .
8.2.3 Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats
8.2.4 Supported RIFF WAV Formats . . . . . . .
8.3 Data Flow of VS1011e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4 Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Serial Control Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.1 SCI_MODE (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.2 SCI_STATUS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.3 SCI_BASS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.4 SCI_CLOCKF (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.5 SCI_DECODE_TIME (RW) . . . . . . . .
8.6.6 SCI_AUDATA (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.7 SCI_WRAM (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.8 SCI_WRAMADDR (RW) . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.9 SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 (R) . . . . .
8.6.10 SCI_AIADDR (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.11 SCI_VOL (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.12 SCI_AICTRL[x] (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 Operation
9.1 Clocking . . . . . . . . .
9.2 Hardware Reset . . . . .
9.3 Software Reset . . . . .
9.4 SPI Boot . . . . . . . . .
9.5 Play/Decode . . . . . . .
9.6 Feeding PCM data . . .
9.7 SDI Tests . . . . . . . .
9.7.1 Sine Test . . .
9.7.2 Pin Test . . .
9.7.3 Memory Test .
9.7.4 SCI Test . . .

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10 VS1011e Registers
10.1 Who Needs to Read This Chapter
10.2 The Processor Core . . . . . . .
10.3 VS1011e Memory Map . . . . . .
10.4 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5 Serial Data Registers . . . . . . .
10.6 DAC Registers . . . . . . . . . . .
10.7 GPIO Registers . . . . . . . . . .
10.8 Interrupt Registers . . . . . . . .
10.9 System Vector Tags . . . . . . . .
10.9.1 AudioInt, 0x20 . . . . .
10.9.2 SciInt, 0x21 . . . . . .
10.9.3 DataInt, 0x22 . . . . .
10.9.4 UserCodec, 0x0 . . . .
Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

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CONTENTS

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3

VS1011e
10.10 System Vector Functions . . . .
10.10.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 . .
10.10.2 ReadIRam(), 0x4 . .
10.10.3 DataBytes(), 0x6 . .
10.10.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 .
10.10.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa

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11 VS1011 Version Changes

11.1 Changes Between VS1011b and VS1011e, 2005-07-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2 Migration Checklist from VS1011b to VS1011e, 2005-07-13 . . . . . . . . . . .

46
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12 Document Version Changes

47

13 Contact Information

48

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

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CONTENTS
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VS1011e

LIST OF FIGURES

List of Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . .

Package Outline, LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin Configuration, BGA-49. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin Configuration, SOIC-28. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. . .
SDI Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. . . . . . . . .
BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer. . . . . . . . .
SCI Word Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCI Word Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPI Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SCI Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SDI Bytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. .
Data Flow of VS1011e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Users Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

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10
11
12
12
15
17
18
18
20
20
21
22
22
23
27
40

VS1011e
1

DEFINITIONS

License

MPEG Layer-3 audio decoding technology licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Thomson.
Note: if you enable Layer I and Layer II decoding, you are liable for any patent issues
that may arise from using these formats. Joint licensing of MPEG 1.0 / 2.0 Layer III does not
cover all patents pertaining to layers I and II.

Disclaimer

All properties and figures are subject to change.

Definitions

B Byte, 8 bits.
b Bit.
Ki Kibi = 210 = 1024 (IEC 60027-2).
Mi Mebi = 220 = 1048576 (IEC 60027-2).
VS_DSP VLSI Solutions DSP core.
W Word. In VS_DSP, instruction words are 32-bit and data words are 16-bit wide.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

VS1011e
4

4
4.1

Characteristics & Specifications

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter
Analog Positive Supply
Digital Positive Supply
Current at Any Digital Output
Voltage at Any Digital Input
Operating Temperature
Functional Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
1

CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS

Symbol
AVDD
DVDD

Min
-0.3
-0.3
DGND-1.0
-30
-40
-65

Max
3.6
3.6
50
DVDD+1.01
+85
+95
+150

Unit
V
V
mA
V
C
C
C

Must not exceed 3.6 V

4.2

Recommended Operating Conditions

Parameter
Ambient Operating Temperature
Analog and Digital Ground 1
Positive Analog
Positive Digital, no clock doubler2
Positive Digital, using clock doubler2
Input Clock Frequency, no clock doubler2
Input Clock Frequency, using clock doubler2
Internal Clock Frequency
Master Clock Duty Cycle

Symbol
AGND DGND
AVDD
DVDD
DVDD
XTALI
XTALI
CLKI

Min
-40
2.5
2.3
2.75
24
12
243
40

Typ
0.0
2.7
2.5
3.0
24.576
12.288
24.576
50

Max
+85
3.6
3.6
3.6
26
13
26
60

Unit
C
V
V
V
V
MHz
MHz
MHz
%

Must be connected together as close to the device as possible for latch-up immunity.
For details on how to control the internal clock doubler, see Chapter 8.6.4, SCI_CLOCKF.
3 The maximum sample rate that can be played is CLKI/512.
Thus, if CLKI is 24 MHz, 48 kHz sample rate is played at 24000000
= 46875 Hz, or 2.5% off-key.
512

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

VS1011e
4

4.3

CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS

Analog Characteristics

Unless otherwise noted: AVDD=2.5..3.6V, DVDD=2.3..3.6V, TA=-40..+85 C, XTALI=12..13MHz,

internal Clock Doubler active. DAC tested with 1307.894 Hz full-scale output sinewave, measurement bandwidth 20..20000 Hz, analog output load: LEFT to GBUF 30, RIGHT to GBUF
30.
Parameter
DAC Resolution
Total Harmonic Distortion
Dynamic Range (DAC unmuted, A-weighted)
S/N Ratio (full scale signal)
Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk)
Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk), with GBUF
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
Frequency Response
Full Scale Output Voltage (Peak-to-peak)
Deviation from Linear Phase
Analog Output Load Resistance
Analog Output Load Capacitance
1
2

Symbol
THD
IDR
SNR

Min

70
50
-0.5
-0.1
1.4

AOLR

16

Typ
18
0.1
90
85
75
40

1.61

Max
0.2

0.5
0.1
2.0
5

302
100

Unit
bits
%
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Vpp

pF

3.2 volts can be achieved with +-to-+ wiring for mono difference sound.
AOLR may be much lower, but below Typical distortion performance may be compromised.

4.4

Power Consumption

Average current tested with an MPEG 1.0 Layer III 128 kbit/s sample and generated sine, output
at full volume, XTALI = 12.288 MHz, internal clock doubler enabled, DVDD = 2.5 V, AVDD =
2.7 V.
Parameter
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, Reset
Power Supply Consumption DVDD, Reset
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, sine test, 30
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, sine test, 30 + GBUF
Power Supply Consumption DVDD, sine test
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, no load
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, output load 30
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, 30 + GBUF
Power Supply Consumption DVDD

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

Min

Typ
0.5
1
20
39
8
6
10
16
16

Max
30
30
50
17

Unit
A
A
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA

VS1011e
4

4.5

CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS

Digital Characteristics

Parameter
High-Level Input Voltage
Low-Level Input Voltage
High-Level Output Voltage at IO = -2.0 mA
Low-Level Output Voltage at IO = 2.0 mA
Input Leakage Current
SPI Input Clock Frequency 2
Rise time of all output pins, load = 50 pF

Symbol

Min
0.7DVDD
-0.2
0.7DVDD

Typ

Max
DVDD+0.31
0.3DVDD
0.3DVDD
1.0

-1.0

CLKI
7

50

Unit
V
V
V
V
A
MHz
ns

Must not exceed 3.6V

Value for SCI reads must be sufficiently below
systems.
SCI and SDI writes allow CLKI
4 .
2

4.6

CLKI
6

to allow timing variation between the

Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization

Parameter
XRESET active time
XRESET inactive to software ready
Power on reset, rise time of DVDD

Symbol

Min
2

Max
500001

10

Unit
XTALI
XTALI
V/s

DREQ rises when initialization is complete. You should not send any data or commands
before that.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

VS1011e
5

PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Packages and Pin Descriptions

5.1

Packages

Both LPQFP-48 and BGA-49 are lead (Pb) free and also RoHS-compliant packages. RoHS
is a short name of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
SOIC-28 is a lead-free RoHS-compliant package starting from VS1011e.

5.1.1

LQFP-48

LQFP-48 Pin Configuration

48
1

Figure 1: Pin Configuration, LQFP-48.

LQFP-48 package mechanical drawings are available at http://www.vlsi.fi/fi/support/download.html.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

10

VS1011e
5

PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS

LQFP-48 Package Outline







!
"
#
$
&
*







!
"
#
$
&
*












%

'






)

























'




(

(


%



(
'





)
(

(



%

%





(
%
(
%


%
%
%


'

Figure 2: Package Outline, LQFP-48.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

11

VS1011e
5

5.1.2

PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS

BGA-49
A1 BALL PAD CORNER
1

A
B

7.00

4.80

0.80 TYP

E
F
G

1.10 REF

1.10 REF

0.80 TYP
4.80
7.00

TOP VIEW

Figure 3: Pin Configuration, BGA-49.

BGA-49 package mechanical drawings are available at http://www.vlsi.fi/fi/support/download.html
.

5.1.3

SOIC-28

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

10

11

12

13

14

SOIC 28
1

Figure 4: Pin Configuration, SOIC-28.

SOIC-28 package mechanical drawings are available at http://www.vlsi.fi/fi/support/download.html
.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

12

VS1011e
5

5.2
5.2.1

Pin Descriptions
LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions

Pin Name

LQFP48
XRESET
3
DGND0
4
DVDD0
6
DREQ
8
GPIO22 / DCLK1
9
GPIO32 / SDATA1
10
XDCS4 / BSYNC1 13
DVDD1
14
DGND1
16
XTALO
17
XTALI
18
DVDD2
19
DGND2
20
DGND3
21
DGND4
22
XCS4
23
SCLK2
28
SI2
29
SO
30
TEST
32
GPIO0 / SPIBOOT2,3 33
GPIO12
34
AGND0
37
AVDD0
38
RIGHT
39
AGND1
40
AGND2
41
GBUF
42
AVDD1
43
RCAP
44
AVDD2
45
LEFT
46
AGND3
47
1
2
3
4

PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS

BGA49
Ball
B1
D2
D3
E2
E1
F2
E3
F3
F4
G3
E4
G4
F5
G5
F6
G6
D6
E7
D5
C6
C7
B6
C5
B5
A6
B4
A5
C4
A4
B3
A3
B2
A2

Pin
Type
DI
PWR
PWR
DO
DI
DI
DI
PWR
PWR
AO
AI
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
DI
DI
DI
DO3
DI
DIO
DIO
PWR
PWR
AO
PWR
PWR
AO
PWR
AIO
PWR
AO
PWR

Function
active low asynchronous reset, schmitt-triggered
digital ground
digital power supply
data request, input bus
general purpose IO 2 / serial input data bus clock
general purpose IO 3 / serial data input
data chip select / byte sync, connect to DVDD if not used
digital power supply
digital ground
crystal output
crystal input
digital power supply
digital ground (in BGA-49, DGND2, 3, 4 conn. together)
digital ground
digital ground
chip select input (active low)
clock for serial bus
serial input
serial output, active when XCS=0, regardless of xRESET
reserved for test, connect to DVDD
general purpose IO 0, use 100 k pull-down resistor
general purpose IO 1
analog ground, low-noise reference
analog power supply
right channel output
analog ground
analog ground
common buffer for headphones
analog power supply
filtering capacitance for reference
analog power supply
left channel output
analog ground

First pin function is active in New Mode, latter in Compatibility Mode.

If not used, use 100 k pull-down resistor.
Use 100 k pull-down resistor. If pull-up is used instead, SPI Boot is tried. See Chapter 9.4 for details.
If not used, use 100 k pull-up resistor.

Pin types:
Type Description
DI
Digital input, CMOS Input Pad
DO
Digital output, CMOS Input Pad
DIO
Digital input/output
DO3 Digital output, CMOS Tri-stated Output Pad

Type
AI
AO
AIO
PWR

Description
Analog input
Analog output
Analog input/output
Power supply pin

BGA-49 no-connect balls: A1, A7, B7, C1, C2, C3, D1, D4, D7, E5, E6, F1, F7, G1, G2, G7.
LQFP-48 no-connect pins: 1, 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 35, 36, 48.
Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

13

VS1011e
5

5.2.2

PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS

SOIC-28 Pin Descriptions

Pin Name

Pin

DREQ
GPIO22 / DCLK1
GPIO32 / SDATA1
XDCS4 / BSYNC1
DVDD1
DGND1
XTALO
XTALI
DVDD2
DGND2
XCS4
SCLK2
SI2
SO
TEST
GPIO0 / SPIBOOT2,3
GPIO12
AGND0
AVDD0
RIGHT
AGND2
RCAP
AVDD2
LEFT
AGND3
XRESET
DGND0
DVDD0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Pin
Type
DO
DIO
DI
DI
PWR
PWR
CLK
CLK
PWR
PWR
DI
DI
DI
DO3
DI
DIO
DIO
PWR
PWR
AO
PWR
AIO
PWR
AO
PWR
DI
PWR
PWR

Function
data request, input bus
serial input data bus clock
serial data input
byte synchronization signal
digital power supply
digital ground
crystal output
crystal input
digital power supply
digital ground
chip select input (active low)
clock for serial bus
serial input
serial output, active when XCS=0, regardless of XRESET
reserved for test, connect to DVDD
general purpose IO 0, use 100 k pull-down resistor
general purpose IO 1
analog ground
analog power supply
right channel output
analog ground
filtering capacitance for reference
analog power supply
left channel output
analog ground
active low asynchronous reset
digital ground
digital power supply

First pin function is active in New Mode, latter in Compatibility Mode.

If not used, use 100 k pull-down resistor.

Use 100 k pull-down resistor. If pull-up is used instead, SPI Boot is tried. See Chapter 9.4 for details.

If not used, use 100 k pull-up resistor.

Pin types:
Type
DI
DO
DIO
DO3

Description
Digital input, CMOS Input Pad
Digital output, CMOS Input Pad
Digital input/output
Digital output, CMOS Tri-stated Output Pad

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

Type
AI
AO
AIO
PWR

Description
Analog input
Analog output
Analog input/output
Power supply pin

14

VS1011e
6

CONNECTION DIAGRAM, LQFP-48

Connection Diagram, LQFP-48

Figure 5: Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48.

The common buffer GBUF can be used for common voltage (1.23 V) for earphones. This will
eliminate the need for large isolation capacitors on line outputs, and thus the audio output pins
from VS1011e may be connected directly to the earphone connector.
If GBUF is not used, LEFT and RIGHT must be provided with 1-100 F AC coupling capacitors
depending on load resistance.
Note: This connection assumes SM_SDINEW is active (see Chapter 8.6.1). If also SM_SDISHARE
is used, xDCS should have a pull-up resistor (see Chapter 7.2.1).

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

15

VS1011e
7

SPI BUSES

SPI Buses

7.1

General

The SPI Bus - that was originally used in some Motorola devices - has been used for both
VS1011es Serial Data Interface SDI (Chapters 7.3 and 8.4) and Serial Control Interface SCI
(Chapters 7.5 and 8.5).

7.2

SPI Bus Pin Descriptions

7.2.1

VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)

These modes are active on VS1011e when SM_SDINEW is set to 1. DCLK and SDATA are not
used for data transfer and they can be used as general-purpose I/O pins (GPIO2 and GPIO3).
BSYNC function changes to data interface chip select (XDCS).
SDI Pin
XDCS

SCI Pin
XCS

SCK

SI
-

7.2.2

SO

Description
Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into
standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial
output (SO) to high impedance state. If SM_SDISHARE is 1, pin XDCS
is not used, but the signal is generated internally by inverting XCS.
Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master
clock for the register interface.
SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge
after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written.
Serial input. If a chip select is active, SI is sampled on the rising CLK edge.
Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge.
In writes SO is at a high impedance state.

VS1001 Compatibility Mode

This mode is active when SM_SDINEW is 0 (default). In this mode, DCLK, SDATA and BSYNC
are active.
SDI Pin
-

SCI Pin
XCS

BSYNC
DCLK

SCK

SDATA
-

SI
SO

Description
Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into
standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial
output (SO) to high impedance state. There is no chip select for SDI, which
is always active.
SDI data is synchronized with a rising edge of BSYNC.
Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master
clock for the register interface.
SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge
after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written.
Serial input. SI is sampled on the rising SCK edge, if XCS is low.
Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge.
In writes SO is at a high impedance state.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

16

VS1011e
7.3
7.3.1

SPI BUSES

Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI)

General

The serial data interface operates in slave mode so the DCLK signal must be generated by an
external circuit.
Data (SDATA signal) can be clocked in at either the rising or falling edge of DCLK (Chapter 8.6).
VS1011e assumes its data input to be byte-sychronized. SDI bytes may be transmitted either
MSb or LSb first, depending of contents of SCI_MODE (Chapter 8.6).

7.3.2

SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)

In VS1002 native modes, when SM_NEWMODE is set to 1, (the default reset value is 0 in
VS1011e, i.e. compatibility mode), byte synchronization is achieved by XDCS (or XCS if
SM_SDISHARE is 1). The state of XDCS (or XCS) may not change while a data byte transfer
is in progress. To always maintain data synchronization even if there may be glitches in the
boards using VS1011e, it is recommended to turn XDCS (or XCS) every now and then, for
instance once after every flash data block or a few kilobytes, just to keep sure the host and
VS1011e are in sync.
For new designs, using VS1002 native modes are recommended, as they are easier to implement than BSYNC generation.
If SM_SDISHARE is 1, the XDCS signal is internally generated by inverting the XCS input.
For new designs, using VS1002 native modes are recommended.
tWL

tXCSS

tWH

tXCSH

xDCS
D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

tXCS
D1

D0

SCK

SI
tH
tSU

Figure 6: SDI Timing Diagram.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

17

VS1011e
Symbol
tXCSS
tSU
tH
tWL
tWH
tXCSH
tXCS

Min
5
0
2
2
2
1
0

Max

SPI BUSES

Unit
ns
ns
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles

Note: xDCS is not required to be deasserted between bytes, thus tXCS is 0.

Note: Although the timing is derived from the internal clock CLKI, the system always starts up in
1.0 mode, thus CLKI=XTALI. After you have configured a higher clock through SCI_CLOCKF
and waited for DREQ to rise, you can use a higher SPI speed as well.

7.3.3

SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode

BSYNC

SDATA

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

DCLK

Figure 7: BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer.

When VS1011e is running in VS1001 compatibility mode, a BSYNC signal must be generated
to ensure correct bit-alignment of the input bitstream. The first DCLK sampling edge (rising or
falling, depending on selected polarity), during which the BSYNC is high, marks the first bit of
a byte (LSB, if LSB-first order is used, MSB, if MSB-first order is used). If BSYNC is 1 when
the last bit is received, the receiver stays active and next 8 bits are also received.
BSYNC

SDATA

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

DCLK

Figure 8: BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer.

Using VS1001 compatibility mode in new designs is strongly discouraged.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

18

VS1011e
7.4

SPI BUSES

Data Request Pin DREQ

The DREQ pin/signal is used to signal if VS1011es FIFO is capable of receiving data. If DREQ
is high, VS1011e can take at least 32 bytes of SDI data or one SCI command. When these
criteria are not met, DREQ is turned low, and the sender should stop transferring new data.
Because of a 32-byte safety area, the sender may send upto 32 bytes of SDI data at a time
without checking the status of DREQ, making controlling VS1011e easier for low-speed microcontrollers.
Note: DREQ may turn low or high at any time, even during a byte transmission. Thus, DREQ
should only be used to decide whether to send more bytes. It should not abort a transmission
that has already started.
Note: In VS10XX products upto VS1002, DREQ was only used for SDI. In VS1011e DREQ is
also used to tell the status of SCI.

7.5
7.5.1

Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI)

General

The serial bus protocol for the Serial Command Interface SCI (Chapter 8.5) consists of an
instruction byte, address byte and one 16-bit data word. Each read or write operation can read
or write a single register. Data bits are read at the rising clock edge, so the user should update
data at the falling clock edge. Bytes are always sent MSb firrst.
The operation is specified by an 8-bit instruction opcode. The supported instructions are read
and write. See table below.

Name
READ
WRITE

Instruction
Opcode
Operation
0000 0011 Read data
0000 0010 Write data

Note: VS1011e sets DREQ low after each SCI operation. The duration depends on the operation. It is not allowed to start a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ is high again.

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

19

VS1011e
7.5.2

SPI BUSES

SCI Read
XCS
0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

30 31

SCK
3
SI

instruction (read)

0
dont care

data out

address
15 14

SO

dont care

X
execution

DREQ

Figure 9: SCI Word Read

VS1011e registers are read by the following sequence, as shown in Figure 9. First, XCS line
is pulled low to select the device. Then the READ opcode (0x3) is transmitted via the SI line
followed by an 8-bit word address. After the address has been read in, any further data on SI
is ignored. The 16-bit data corresponding to the received address will be shifted out onto the
SO line.
XCS should be driven high after data has been shifted out.
DREQ is driven low for a short while when in a read operation by the chip. This is a very short
time and doesnt require special user attention.

7.5.3

SCI Write
XCS
0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

30 31

SCK
3
SI

instruction (write)
SO

15 14

0
X

data out

address
0

0 X

execution
DREQ

Figure 10: SCI Word Write

VS1011e registers are written to using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 10. First,
XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the WRITE opcode (0x2) is transmitted via the
SI line followed by an 8-bit word address.

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20

VS1011e

SPI BUSES

After the word has been shifted in and the last clock has been sent, XCS should be pulled high
to end the WRITE sequence.
After the last bit has been sent, DREQ is driven low for the duration of the register update,
marked execution in the figure. The time varies depending on the register and its contents
(see table in Chapter 8.6 for details). If the maximum time is longer than what it takes from
the microcontroller to feed the next SCI command or SDI byte, it is not allowed to finish a new
SCI/SDI operation before DREQ has risen up again.

7.6

SPI Timing Diagram

tWL

tXCSS

tWH

tXCSH

XCS
tXCS
0

14

15

30

16

31

SCK

SI
tH
tSU
SO
tZ
tV

tDIS

Figure 11: SPI Timing Diagram.

Symbol
tXCSS
tSU
tH
tZ
tWL
tWH
tV
tXCSH
tXCS
tDIS
1

Min
5
-26
2
0
2
2

Max

2 (+ 25ns1 )
-26
2
10

Unit
ns
ns
CLKI cycles
ns
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
ns
CLKI cycles
ns

25ns is when pin loaded with 100pF capacitance. The time is shorter with lower capacitance.

Note: As tWL and tWH, as well as tH require at least 2 clock cycles, the maximum speed for the
SPI bus that can be used for read operations is 1/6 of VS1011es external clock speed CLKI.
For write operations maximum speed is 1/4 of CLKI. Because of asynchronous clocks between
the systems, the actual speed must be a bit slower to allow timing variations.
Note: Negative numbers mean that the signal can change in different order from what is shown
in the diagram.
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21

VS1011e
7.7
7.7.1

SPI BUSES

SPI Examples with SM_SDINEW and SM_SDISHARED set

Two SCI Writes
SCI Write 1

SCI Write 2

XCS
0

30

31

32

33

61

62

63

SCK

SI

DREQ up before finishing next SCI write

DREQ

Figure 12: Two SCI Operations.

Figure 12 shows two consecutive SCI operations. Note that xCS must be raised to inactive
state between the writes. Also DREQ must be respected as shown in the figure.

7.7.2

Two SDI Bytes

SDI Byte 1

SDI Byte 2

XCS
0

13

14

15

SCK
3

SI

DREQ

Figure 13: Two SDI Bytes.

SDI data is synchronized with a raising edge of xCS as shown in Figure 13. However, every
byte doesnt need separate synchronization.

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22

VS1011e
7.7.3

SPI BUSES

SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes

SDI Byte

SDI Byte

SCI Operation

XCS
0

39

40

41

46

47

SCK

0
0

SI

0
DREQ high before end of next transfer

DREQ

Figure 14: Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation.

Figure 14 shows how an SCI operation is embedded in between SDI operations. xCS edges
are used to synchronize both SDI and SCI. Remember to respect DREQ as shown in the figure.

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23

VS1011e
8

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Functional Description

8.1

Main Features

VS1011e is based on a proprietary digital signal processor, VS_DSP. It contains all the code
and data memory needed for MPEG, WAV PCM and WAV IMA ADPCM audio decoding, together with serial interfaces, a multirate stereo audio DAC and analog output amplifiers and
filters.
VS1011e can play all MPEG 1.0, and 2.0 layer I, II and III files, as well as MPEG 2.5 layer III
files, with all sample rates and bitrates, including variable bitrate (VBR) for layer III. Note, that
decoding of layers I and II must be activated separately.

8.2

Supported Audio Codecs

Mark
+
?

8.2.1

Conventions
Description
Format is supported
Format exists but is not supported
Format not tested
Format doesnt exist

Supported MP1 (MPEG layer I) Formats

MPEG 1.0:
Samplerate / Hz
48000
44100
32000

32
+
+
+

64
+
+
+

96
+
+
+

128
+
+
+

160
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
192 224 256 288
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

320
+
+
+

352
+
+
+

384
+
+
+

416
+
+
+

448
+
+
+

32
?
?
?

48
?
?
?

56
?
?
?

64
?
?
?

80
?
?
?

96
?
?
?

Bitrate / kbit/s
112 128 144
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

160
?
?
?

176
?
?
?

192
?
?
?

224
?
?
?

256
?
?
?

MPEG 2.0:
Samplerate / Hz
24000
22050
16000

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VS1011e
8.2.2

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Supported MP2 (MPEG layer II) Formats

MPEG 1.0:
Samplerate / Hz
48000
44100
32000

32
+
+
+

48
+
+
+

56
+
+
+

64
+
+
+

80
+
+
+

96
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
112 128 160
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

192
+
+
+

224
+
+
+

256
+
+
+

320
+
+
+

384
+
+
+

8
+
+
+

16
+
+
+

24
+
+
+

32
+
+
+

40
+
+
+

48
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
56 64 80
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

96
+
+
+

112
+
+
+

128
+
+
+

144
+
+
+

160
+
+
+

MPEG 2.0:
Samplerate / Hz
24000
22050
16000

8.2.3

Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats

MPEG 1.01 :
Samplerate / Hz
48000
44100
32000

32
+
+
+

40
+
+
+

48
+
+
+

56
+
+
+

64
+
+
+

80
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
96 112 128
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

160
+
+
+

192
+
+
+

224
+
+
+

256
+
+
+

320
+
+
+

8
+
+
+

16
+
+
+

24
+
+
+

32
+
+
+

40
+
+
+

48
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
56 64 80
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

96
+
+
+

112
+
+
+

128
+
+
+

144
+
+
+

160
+
+
+

8
+
+
+

16
+
+
+

24
+
+
+

32
+
+
+

40
+
+
+

48
+
+
+

Bitrate / kbit/s
56 64 80
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

96
+
+
+

112
+
+
+

128
+
+
+

144
+
+
+

160
+
+
+

MPEG 2.01 :
Samplerate / Hz
24000
22050
16000

MPEG 2.51 :
Samplerate / Hz
12000
11025
8000
1

Also all variable bitrate (VBR) formats are supported.

Note: 24.0 MHz internal clock (24.0 MHz external clock or 12.0 MHz external clock with
clock-doubler) is enough for VS1011e to be able to decode all bitrates and sample rates
with bass enhancer and treble control active.

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25

VS1011e
8.2.4

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Supported RIFF WAV Formats

The most common RIFF WAV subformats are supported.

Format
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x06
0x07
0x10
0x11
0x15
0x16
0x30
0x31
0x3b
0x3c
0x40
0x41
0x50
0x55
0x64
0x65

Name
PCM
ADPCM
IEEE_FLOAT
ALAW
MULAW
OKI_ADPCM
IMA_ADPCM
DIGISTD
DIGIFIX
DOLBY_AC2
GSM610
ROCKWELL_ADPCM
ROCKWELL_DIGITALK
G721_ADPCM
G728_CELP
MPEG
MPEGLAYER3
G726_ADPCM
G722_ADPCM

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

Supported
+
+
+
-

Comments
16 and 8 bits, any sample rate 48kHz

Any sample rate 48kHz

For supported MP3 modes, see Chapter 8.2.3

26

VS1011e
8.3
SDI

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Data Flow of VS1011e

Bitstream
FIFO

AIADDR = 0
User
Application
AIADDR != 0

MP1 / MP2 /
MP3 / WAV /
ADPCM
decode

SB_AMPLITUDE=0
Bass
enhancer
SB_AMPLITUDE!=0

ST_AMPLITUDE=0
Treble
enhancer
ST_AMPLITUDE!=0

Volume
control

Audio
FIFO

SCI_VOL

512 stereo
samples

L
S.rate.conv.
R
and DAC

Figure 15: Data Flow of VS1011e.

First, depending on the audio data, MPEG or WAV audio is received and decoded from the SDI
bus.
After decoding, if SCI_AIADDR is non-zero, application code is executed from the address
pointed to by that register. For more details, see VS10XX Application Note: User Applications.
Then data may be sent to the Bass and Treble Enhancer depending on SCI_BASS.
After that the signal is fed to the volume control unit, which also copies the data to the Audio
FIFO.
The Audio FIFO holds the data, which is read by the Audio interrupt (Chapter 10.9.1) and fed
to the sample rate converter and DACs. The size of the audio FIFO is 512 stereo (216-bit)
samples, or 2 KiB.
The sample rate converter converts all different sample rates to CLKI/512 and feeds the data to
the DAC, which in order creates a stereo in-phase analog signal. This signal is then forwarded
to the earphone amplifier.

8.4

Serial Data Interface (SDI)

The serial data interface is meant for transferring compressed MP3 audio data as well as WAV
data.
Also several different tests may be activated through SDI as described in Chapter 9.

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27

VS1011e
8.5

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Serial Control Interface (SCI)

The serial control interface is compatible with the SPI bus specification. Data transfers are
always 16 bits. VS1011e is controlled by writing and reading the registers of the interface.
The main controls of the control interface are:

8.6

control of the operation mode, clock, and builtin effects

access to status information and header data
access to encoded digital data
uploading user programs
feeding input data

SCI Registers

Reg
0x0
0x1
0x2
0x3
0x4
0x5
0x6
0x7

Type
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw

0x8
0x9
0xA
0xB
0xC
0xD
0xE
0xF

r
r
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw

Reset
0
0x2C3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

SCI registers, prefix SCI_

Time1 Abbrev[bits]
Description
4
70 CLKI
MODE
Mode control
40 CLKI STATUS
Status of VS1011e
2100 CLKI BASS
Built-in bass/treble enhancer
80 XTALI CLOCKF
Clock freq + multiplier
40 CLKI DECODE_TIME Decode time in seconds
3200 CLKI AUDATA
Misc. audio data
80 CLKI WRAM
RAM write/read
80 CLKI WRAMADDR
Base
address
for
RAM
write/read
- HDAT0
Stream header data 0
- HDAT1
Stream header data 1
2
3200 CLKI
AIADDR
Start address of application
2100 CLKI VOL
Volume control
2
50 CLKI
AICTRL0
Application control register 0
50 CLKI2 AICTRL1
Application control register 1
2
50 CLKI
AICTRL2
Application control register 2
50 CLKI2 AICTRL3
Application control register 3

This is the worst-case time that DREQ stays low after writing to this register. The user may
choose to skip the DREQ check for those register writes that take less than 100 clock cycles to
execute.
2

In addition, the cycles spent in the user application routine must be counted.

Firmware changes the value of this register immediately to 0x28, and in less than 100 ms to
0x20.
4

When mode register write specifies a software reset the worst-case time is 9600 XTALI cycles.

Note that if DREQ is low when an SCI write is done, DREQ also stays low after SCI write
processing.
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28

VS1011e
8.6.1

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

SCI_MODE (RW)

SCI_MODE is used to control operation of VS1011e.

Bit
0

Name
SM_DIFF

Function
Differential

SM_LAYER12

Allow MPEG layers I & II

SM_RESET

Soft reset

SM_OUTOFWAV

Jump out of WAV decoding

SM_SETTOZERO1

set to zero

SM_TESTS

Allow SDI tests

SM_STREAM

Stream mode

SM_SETTOZERO2

set to zero

SM_DACT

DCLK active edge

SM_SDIORD

SDI bit order

10

SM_SDISHARE

Share SPI chip select

11

SM_SDINEW

VS1002 native SPI modes

12

SM_SETTOZERO3

set to zero

13

SM_SETTOZERO4

set to zero

Value
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Description
normal in-phase audio
left channel inverted
no
yes
no reset
reset
no
yes
right
wrong
not allowed
allowed
no
yes
right
wrong
rising
falling
MSb first
MSb last
no
yes
no
yes
right
wrong
right
wrong

When SM_DIFF is set, the player inverts the left channel output. For a stereo input this creates
a virtual surround, and for a mono input this effectively creates a differential left/right signal.
SM_LAYER12 determines whether it is allowed to decode MPEG 1 and 2 layers I and II in
addition to layer III. If you enable Layer I and Layer II decoding, you are liable for any
patent issues that may arise. Joint licensing of MPEG 1.0 / 2.0 Layer III does not cover all
patents pertaining to layers I and II.
By setting SM_RESET to 1, the player is software reset. This bit clears automatically.
When the user decoding a WAV file wants to get out of the file without playing it to the end, set
SM_OUTOFWAV, and send zeros to VS1002e until SM_OUTOFWAV is again zero. If the user
doesnt want to check SM_OUTOFWAV, send 128 zeros.
Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

29

VS1011e

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

If SM_TESTS is set, SDI tests are allowed. For more details on SDI tests, look at Chapter 9.7.
SM_STREAM activates VS1011es stream mode. In this mode, data should be sent with
as even intervals as possible (and preferable with data blocks of less than 512 bytes), and
VS1011e makes every attempt to keep its input buffer half full by changing its playback speed
upto 5%. For best quality sound, the average speed error should be within 0.5%, the bitrate
should not exceed 160 kbit/s and VBR should not be used. For details, see VS10XX Application
Note: Streaming.
SM_DACT defines the active edge of data clock for SDI. If clear data is read at the rising edge,
and if set data is read at the falling edge.
When SM_SDIORD is clear, bytes on SDI are sent as a default MSb first. By setting SM_SDIORD,
the user may reverse the bit order for SDI, i.e. bit 0 is received first and bit 7 last. Bytes are,
however, still sent in the default order. This register bit has no effect on the SCI bus.
Setting SM_SDISHARE makes SCI and SDI share the same chip select, as explained in Chapter 7.2, if also SM_SDINEW is set.
Setting SM_SDINEW will activate VS1002 native serial modes as described in Chapters 7.2.1 and 7.3.2.

8.6.2

SCI_STATUS (RW)

SCI_STATUS contains information on the current status of VS1011e and lets the user shutdown
the chip without audio glitches.
Name
SS_VER
SS_APDOWN2
SS_APDOWN1
SS_AVOL

Bits
6:4
3
2
1:0

Description
Version
Analog driver powerdown
Analog internal powerdown
Analog volume control

SS_VER is 0 for VS1001, 1 for VS1011, 2 for VS1002 and VS1011e, and 3 for vs1003.
You can use SCI_MODE to distinguish between VS1002 and VS1011e. After reset VS1011e
has SM_SDINEW=0, while VS1002 has SM_SDINEW=1.
SS_APDOWN2 controls analog driver powerdown. Normally this bit is controlled by the system firmware. However, if the user wants to powerdown VS1011e with a minimum power-off
transient, turn this bit to 1, then wait for at least a few milliseconds before activating reset.
SS_APDOWN1 controls internal analog powerdown. This bit is meant to be used by the system
firmware only.
SS_AVOL is the analog volume control: 0 = -0 dB, 1 = -6 dB, 3 = -12 dB. This register is meant
to be used automatically by the system firmware only.
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30

VS1011e
8.6.3

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

SCI_BASS (RW)

Name
ST_AMPLITUDE
ST_FREQLIMIT
SB_AMPLITUDE
SB_FREQLIMIT

Bits
15:12
11:8
7:4
3:0

Description
Treble Control in 1.5 dB steps (-8..7, 0 = off)
Lower limit frequency in 1000 Hz steps (0..15)
Bass Enhancement in 1 dB steps (0..15, 0 = off)
Lower limit frequency in 10 Hz steps (2..15)

The Bass Enhancer VSBE is a powerful bass boosting DSP algorithm, which tries to take the
most out of the users earphones without causing clipping.
VSBE is activated when SB_AMPLITUDE is non-zero. SB_AMPLITUDE should be set to the
users preferences, and SB_FREQLIMIT to roughly 1.5 times the lowest frequency the users
audio system can reproduce. For example setting SCI_BASS to 0x00f6 will have 15 dB enhancement below 60 Hz.
Note: Because VSBE tries to avoid clipping, it gives the best bass boost with dynamical music
material, or when the playback volume is not set to maximum. It also does not create bass: the
source material must have some bass to begin with.
Treble Control VSTC is activated when ST_AMPLITUDE is non-zero. For example setting
SCI_BASS to 0x7a00 will have 10.5 dB treble enhancement at and above 10 kHz.
Bass Enhancer uses about 2.1 MIPS and Treble Control 1.2 MIPS at 44100 Hz sample rate.
Both can be on simultaneously.

8.6.4

SCI_CLOCKF (RW)

SCI_CLOCKF is used to tell if the input clock XTALI is running at something else than 24.576
MHz. XTALI is set in 2 kHz steps. Thus, the formula for calculating the correct value for this
ALI
register is XT
2000 (XTALI is in Hz). Values may be between 0..32767, although hardware limits
the highest allowed speed. Also, with speeds lower than 24.576 MHz all sample rates are no
longer available. For example with 24 MHz clock 48 kHz is played 2.5% off-key.
Setting the MSB of SCI_CLOCKF to 1 activates internal clock-doubling when the sample rate
is next configured.
Note: SCI_CLOCKF must be set before beginning decoding audio data; otherwise the sample
rate will not be set correctly.
Example 1: For a 24.576 MHz XTALI the value is either

24576000
2000

= 12288, or the reset value 0.

Example 2: For a 12.288 MHz XTALI with clock doubler the value is 0x8000 + 12288000
= 0x9800.
2000
Example 3: For a 13 MHz XTALI with clock doubler for a 26 MHz CLKI, the value is 0x8000 +
13000000
= 39268.
2000

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31

VS1011e
8.6.5

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

SCI_DECODE_TIME (RW)

When decoding correct data, current decoded time is shown in this register in full seconds.
The user may change the value of this register. However, in that case the new value should be
written twice.
SCI_DECODE_TIME is reset at every software reset.

8.6.6

SCI_AUDATA (RW)

When decoding correct data, the current sample rate and number of channels can be found in
bits 15:1 and 0 of SCI_AUDATA, respectively. Bits 15:1 contain the sample rate divided by two,
and bit 0 is 0 for mono data and 1 for stereo. Writing to this register will change the sample rate
on the run to the number given.
Example: 44100 Hz stereo data reads as 0xAC45 (44101).
Example: 11025 Hz mono data reads as 0x2B10 (11024).
Example: Writing 0xAC80 sets sample rate to 44160 Hz, stereo mode does not change.

8.6.7

SCI_WRAM (RW)

SCI_WRAM is used to upload application programs and data to instruction and data RAMs.
The start address must be initialized by writing to SCI_WRAMADDR prior to the first write/read
of SCI_WRAM. As 16 bits of data can be transferred with one SCI_WRAM write/read, and the
instruction word is 32 bits long, two consecutive writes/reads are needed for each instruction
word. The byte order is big-endian (i.e. MSBs first). After each full-word write/read, the internal
pointer is autoincremented.

8.6.8

SCI_WRAMADDR (RW)

SCI_WRAMADDR is used to set the program address and memory bus for following SCI_WRAM
writes/reads.
SM_WRAMADDR
Start. . . End
0x1380. . . 0x13FF
0x4780. . . 0x47FF
0x8030. . . 0x84FF
0xC000. . . 0xFFFF

Dest. addr.
Start. . . End
0x1380. . . 0x13FF
0x0780. . . 0x07FF
0x0030. . . 0x04FF
0xC000. . . 0xFFFF

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

Bits/
Word
16
16
32
16

Description
X data RAM
Y data RAM
Instruction RAM
I/O

32

VS1011e
8.6.9

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 (R)

Bit
HDAT1[15:5]
HDAT1[4:3]

Function
syncword
ID

HDAT1[2:1]

layer

HDAT1[0]

protect bit

HDAT0[15:12]
HDAT0[11:10]

bitrate
sample rate

HDAT0[9]

pad bit

HDAT0[8]
HDAT0[7:6]

private bit
mode

HDAT0[5:4]
HDAT0[3]

extension
copyright

HDAT0[2]

original

HDAT0[1:0]

emphasis

Value
2047
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0

Explanation
stream valid
ISO 11172-3 MPG 1.0
ISO 13818-3 MPG 2.0 (1/2-rate)
MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate)
MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate)
I
II
III
reserved
No CRC
CRC protected
see bitrate table
reserved
32/16/ 8 kHz
48/24/12 kHz
44/22/11 kHz
additional slot
normal frame
not defined
mono
dual channel
joint stereo
stereo
see ISO 11172-3
copyrighted
free
original
copy
CCITT J.17
reserved
50/15 microsec
none

When read, SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 contain header information that is extracted from
MPEG stream being currently being decoded. Right after resetting VS1011e, 0 is automatically
written to both registers, indicating no data has been found yet.
The sample rate field in SCI_HDAT0 is interpreted according to the following table:
sample rate
3
2
1
0

ID=3 / Hz
32000
48000
44100

ID=2 / Hz
16000
24000
22050

ID=0,1 / Hz
8000
12000
11025

The bitrate field in HDAT0 is read according to the following table:

Version: 1.22, 2014-12-19

33

VS1011e
bitrate
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Layer I
ID=3 ID=0,1,2
kbit/s
forbidden forbidden
448
256
416
224
384
192
352
176
320
160
288
144
256
128
224
112
192
96
160
80
128
64
96
56
64
48
32
32
-

Layer II
ID=3 ID=0,1,2
kbit/s
forbidden forbidden
384
160
320
144
256
128
224
112
192
96
160
80
128
64
112
56
96
48
80
40
64
32
56
24
48
16
32
8
-

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Layer III
ID=3 ID=0,1,2
kbit/s
forbidden forbidden
320
160
256
144
224
128
192
112
160
96
128
80
112
64
96
56
80
48
64
40
56
32
48
24
40
16
32
8
-

When decoding a WAV file, SPI_HDAT0 and SPI_HDAT1 read as 0x7761 and 0x7665, respectively.
8.6.10

SCI_AIADDR (RW)

SCI_AIADDR indicates the start address of the application code written earlier with SCI_WRAMADDR
and SCI_WRAM registers. If no application code is used, this register should not be initialized,
or it should be initialized to zero. For more details, see VS10XX Application Note: User Applications.
8.6.11

SCI_VOL (RW)

SCI_VOL is a volume control for the player hardware. For each channel, a value in the range of
0..254 may be defined to set its attenuation from the maximum volume level (in 0.5 dB steps).
The left channel value is then multiplied by 256 and the values are added. Thus, maximum
volume is 0 and total silence is 0xFEFE.
Example: for a volume of -2.0 dB for the left channel and -3.5 dB for the right channel: (4*256)
+ 7 = 0x407. Note, that at startup volume is set to full volume. Resetting the software does not
reset the volume setting.
Note: Setting SCI_VOL to 0xFFFF will activate analog powerdown mode.

8.6.12

SCI_AICTRL[x] (RW)

SCI_AICTRL[x] registers ( x=[0 .. 3] ) can be used to access the users application program.
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9.1

OPERATION

Operation
Clocking

VS1011e operates on a single, nominally 24.576 MHz fundamental frequency master clock.
This clock can be generated by external circuitry (connected to pin XTALI) or by the internal
clock crystal interface (pins XTALI and XTALO). Also, 12.288 MHz external clock can be internally clock-doubled to 24.576 MHz. This clock is sufficient to support a high quality audio
output for all codecs, sample rates and bitrates, with bass and treble enhancers.

9.2

Hardware Reset

When the XRESET -signal is driven low, VS1011e is reset and all the control registers and
internal states are set to the initial values. XRESET-signal is asynchronous to any external
clock. The reset mode doubles as a full-powerdown mode, where both digital and analog parts
of VS1011e are in minimum power consumption stage, and where clocks are stopped. Also
XTALO and XTALI are grounded.
After a hardware reset (or at power-up), the user should set such basic software registers as
SCI_VOL for volume (and SCI_CLOCKF if the input clock is anything else than 24.576 MHz)
before starting decoding.

9.3

Software Reset

In some cases the decoder software has to be reset. This is done by activating bit 2 in
SCI_MODE register (Chapter 8.6.1). Then wait for at least 2 s, then look at DREQ. DREQ will
stay down for at least 6000 clock cycles, which means an approximate 250 s delay if VS1011e
is run at 24.576 MHz. After DREQ is up, you may continue playback as usual.
If you want to make sure VS1011e doesnt cut the ending of low-bitrate data streams and you
want to do a software reset, it is recommended to feed 2048 zeros to the SDI bus after the file
and before the reset.

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9.4

OPERATION

SPI Boot

If GPIO0 is set with a pull-up resistor to 1 at boot time, VS1011e tries to boot from external SPI
memory.
SPI boot redefines the following pins:

Normal Mode
GPIO0
GPIO1
DREQ
GPIO2

SPI Boot Mode

xCS
CLK
MOSI
MISO

The memory has to be an SPI Bus Serial EEPROM with 16-bit addresses (i.e. at least 1 KiB).
The serial speed used by VS1011e is 490 kHz with the nominal 24.576 MHz clock. The first
three bytes in the memory have to be 0x50, 0x26, 0x48. The exact record format is explained
in the Application Notes for VS10XX.
If SPI boot succeeds, SCI_MODE is left with value 0x0800.

9.5

Play/Decode

This is the normal operation mode of VS1011e. SDI data is decoded. Decoded samples are
converted to analog domain by the internal DAC. If no decodable data is found, SCI_HDAT0
and SCI_HDAT1 are set to 0 and analog outputs are muted.
When there is no input for decoding, VS1011e goes into idle mode (lower power consumption
than during decoding) and actively monitors the serial data input for valid data.

9.6

Feeding PCM data

VS1011e can be used as a PCM decoder by sending to it a WAV file header. If the length sent
in the WAV file is 0 or 0xFFFFFFF, VS1011e will stay in PCM mode indefinitely. 8-bit linear and
16-bit linear audio is supported in mono or stereo.

9.7

SDI Tests

There are several test modes in VS1011e, which allow the user to perform memory tests, SCI
bus tests, and several different sine wave tests.
All tests are started in a similar way: VS1011e is hardware reset, SM_TESTS is set, and then a
test command is sent to the SDI bus. Each test is started by sending a 4-byte special command
sequence, followed by 4 zeros. The sequences are described below.
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9.7.1

OPERATION

Sine Test

Sine test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0xEF 0x6E n 0 0 0 0, where n defines the
sine test to use. n is defined as follows:

Name
F s Idx
S

n bits
Bits Description
7:5 Sample rate index
4:0 Sine skip speed
F s Idx
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Fs
44100 Hz
48000 Hz
32000 Hz
22050 Hz
24000 Hz
16000 Hz
11025 Hz
12000 Hz

The frequency of the sine to be output can now be calculated from F = F s

S
128 .

Example: Sine test is activated with value 126, which is 0b01111110. Breaking n to its components, F s Idx = 0b011 = 3 and thus F s = 22050Hz. S = 0b11110 = 30, and thus the final sine
30
frequency F = 22050Hz 128
5168Hz.
To exit the sine test, send the sequence 0x45 0x78 0x69 0x74 0 0 0 0.
Note: Sine test signals go through the digital volume control, so it is possible to test channels
separately.

9.7.2

Pin Test

Pin test is activated with the 8-byte sequence 0x50 0xED 0x6E 0x54 0 0 0 0. This test is meant
for chip production testing only.

9.7.3

Memory Test

Memory test mode is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x4D 0xEA 0x6D 0x54 0 0 0 0. After
this sequence, wait for 200000 clock cycles. The result can be read from the SCI register
SCI_HDAT0, and one bits are interpreted as follows:

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VS1011e
Bit(s)
15
14:7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Mask
0x8000
0x0040
0x0020
0x0010
0x0008
0x0004
0x0002
0x0001
0x807f

OPERATION

Meaning
Test finished
Unused
Mux test succeeded
Good I RAM
Good Y RAM
Good X RAM
Good I ROM
Good Y ROM
Good X ROM
All ok

Memory tests overwrite the current contents of the RAM memories.

9.7.4

SCI Test

Sci test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0x70 0xEE n 0 0 0 0, where n is the
register number to test. The content of the given register is read and copied to SCI_HDAT0. If
the register to be tested is HDAT0, the result is copied to SCI_HDAT1.
Example: if n is 0, contents of SCI register 0 (SCI_MODE) is copied to SCI_HDAT0.

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10
10.1

10

VS1011E REGISTERS

VS1011e Registers
Who Needs to Read This Chapter

User software is required when a user wishes to add some own functionality like DSP effects
to VS1011e.
However, most users of VS1011e dont need to worry about writing their own code, or about
this chapter, including those who only download software plug-ins from VLSI Solutions Web
site.

10.2

The Processor Core

VS_DSP is a 16/32-bit DSP processor core that also had extensive all-purpose processor features. VLSI Solutions free VSKIT Software Package contains all the tools and documentation
needed to write, simulate and debug Assembly Language or Extended ANSI C programs for the
VS_DSP processor core. VLSI Solution also offers a full Integrated Development Environment
VSIDE for full debug capabilities.

10.3

VS1011e Memory Map

VS1011es Memory Map is shown in Figure 16.

10.4

SCI Registers

SCI registers described in Chapter 8.6 can be found here between 0xC000..0xC00F. In addition
to these registers, there is one in address 0xC010, called SPI_CHANGE.

Reg
0xC010

Type
r

Reset
0

Name
SPI_CH_WRITE
SPI_CH_ADDR

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SPI registers, prefix SPI_

Abbrev[bits]
Description
CHANGE[5:0]
Last SCI access address.
SPI_CHANGE bits
Bits Description
4 1 if last access was a write cycle.
3:0 SPI address of last access.

39

VS1011e
0000
0030
0098
0500

10

VS1011E REGISTERS

Instruction (32bit)

X (16bit)

Y (16bit)

System Vectors
User
Instruction
RAM

Stack

Stack

0000
0030
0098

X DATA
RAM

Y DATA
RAM

0500

0780

0780
User
Space

0800
0C00

0800
0C00
1380

1380
User
Space

1400

1400

1800

1800

4000

4000

Instruction
ROM

X DATA
ROM

Y DATA
ROM

6000

6000

7000

7000

C000

C000
Hardware
Register
Space

C100

C100

Figure 16: Users Memory Map.

10.5

Serial Data Registers

Reg
0xC011
0xC012

Type
r
w

Reset
0
0

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SDI registers, prefix SER_

Abbrev[bits]
Description
DATA
Last received 2 bytes, big-endian.
DREQ[0]
DREQ pin control.

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VS1011e
10.6

10

VS1011E REGISTERS

DAC Registers

Reg
0xC013
0xC014
0xC015
0xC016

Type
rw
rw
rw
rw

Reset
0
0
0
0

DAC registers, prefix DAC_

Abbrev[bits]
Description
FCTLL
DAC frequency control, 16 LSbs.
FCTLH[4:0]
Clock doubler + DAC frequency control MSbs.
LEFT
DAC left channel PCM value.
RIGHT
DAC right channel PCM value.

Every fourth clock cycle an internal 26-bit counter is added to by (DAC_FCTLH & 15) 65536
+ DAC_FCTLL. Whenever this counter overflows, values from DAC_LEFT and DAC_RIGHT
are read and a DAC interrupt is generated.
If DAC_FCTL[4] is 1, the internal clock doubler is activated.

10.7

GPIO Registers

Reg
0xC017
0xC018
0xC019

Type
rw
r
rw

Reset
0
0
0

GPIO registers, prefix GPIO_

Abbrev[bits]
Description
DDR[3:0]
Direction.
IDATA[3:0]
Values read from the pins.
ODATA[3:0]
Values set to the pins.

GPIO_DIR is used to set the direction of the GPIO pins. 1 means output. GPIO_ODATA
remembers its values even if a GPIO_DIR bit is set to input.
GPIO registers dont generate interrupts.

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10.8

10

VS1011E REGISTERS

Interrupt Registers

Reg
0xC01A
0xC01B
0xC01C
0xC01D

Type
rw
w
w
rw

Reset
0
0
0
0

Interrupt registers, prefix INT_

Abbrev[bits]
Description
ENABLE[2:0]
Interrupt enable.
GLOB_DIS[-]
Write to add to interrupt counter.
GLOB_ENA[-]
Write to subtract from interript counter.
COUNTER[4:0]
Interrupt counter.

INT_ENABLE controls the interrupts. The control bits are as follows:

Name
INT_EN_SDI
INT_EN_SCI
INT_EN_DAC

Bits
2
1
0

INT_ENABLE bits
Description
Enable Data interrupt.
Enable SCI interrupt.
Enable DAC interrupt.

Note: It may take upto 6 clock cycles before changing INT_ENABLE has any effect.
Writing any value to INT_GLOB_DIS adds one to the interrupt counter INT_COUNTER and
effectively disables all interrupts. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing to this register
has any effect.
Writing any value to INT_GLOB_ENA subtracts one from the interrupt counter (unless INT_COUNTER
already was 0). If the interrupt counter becomes zero, interrupts selected with INT_ENABLE
are restored. An interrupt routine should always write to this register as the last thing it does,
because interrupts automatically add one to the interrupt counter, but subtracting it back to its
initial value is the responsibility of the user. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing this
register has any effect.
By reading INT_COUNTER the user may check if the interrupt counter is correct or not. If the
register is not 0, interrupts are disabled.

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10.9

10

VS1011E REGISTERS

System Vector Tags

The System Vector Tags are tags that may be replaced by the user to take control over several
decoder functions.

10.9.1

AudioInt, 0x20

Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:

jmpi DAC_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
audio interrupt.

10.9.2

SciInt, 0x21

Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:

jmpi SCI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SCI
interrupt.

10.9.3

DataInt, 0x22

Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:

jmpi SDI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SDI
interrupt.

10.9.4

UserCodec, 0x0

Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:

jr
nop
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VS1011E REGISTERS

If the user wants to take control away from the standard decoder, the first instruction should be
replaced with an appropriate j command to users own code.
Unless the user is feeding MP3 data at the same time, the system activates the user program
in less than 1 ms. After this, the user should steal interrupt vectors from the system, and insert
user programs.

10.10

System Vector Functions

The System Vector Functions are pointers to some functions that the user may call to help
implementing his own applications.

10.10.1

WriteIRam(), 0x2

VS_DSP C prototype:
void WriteIRam(register __i0 u_int16 *addr, register __a1 u_int16 msW, register __a0 u_int16
lsW);
This is the only supported way to write to the User Instruction RAM. This is because Instruction
RAM cannot be written when program control is in RAM. Thus, the actual implementation of
this function is in ROM, and here is simply a tag to that routine.

10.10.2

ReadIRam(), 0x4

VS_DSP C prototype:
u_int32 ReadIRam(register __i0 u_int16 *addr);
This is the only supported way to read from the User Instruction RAM. This is because Instruction RAM cannot be read when program control is in RAM. Thus, the actual implementation of
this function is in ROM, and here is simply a tag to that routine.
A1 contains the MSBs and a0 the LSBs of the result.

10.10.3

DataBytes(), 0x6

VS_DSP C prototype:

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10

VS1011E REGISTERS

u_int16 DataBytes(void);
If the user has taken over the normal operation of the system by switching the pointer in UserCodec to point to his own code, he may read data from the Data Interface through this and the
following two functions.
This function returns the number of data bytes that can be read.

10.10.4

GetDataByte(), 0x8

VS_DSP C prototype:
u_int16 GetDataByte(void);
Reads and returns one data byte from the Data Interface. This function will wait until there is
enough data in the input buffer.

10.10.5

GetDataWords(), 0xa

VS_DSP C prototype:
void GetDataWords(register __i0 __y u_int16 *d, register __a0 u_int16 n);
Read n data byte pairs and copy them in big-endian format (first byte to MSBs) to d. This
function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer.

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11

11

VS1011 VERSION CHANGES

VS1011 Version Changes

This chapter describes changes between different generations of VS1011.

11.1

Changes Between VS1011b and VS1011e, 2005-07-13

Faster decoding: all codecs, bitrates and bass + treble controls can be used at CLKI = 24
MHz.
Register SCI_BASS now also has a treble control (Chapter 8.6.3). Loudness plugin not
required.
Can play IMA ADPCM in mono and stereo (Chapter 8.2.4).
Register space can now be written to with SCI_WRAM (Chapter 8.6.7).
Memory and register space can now be read from with SCI_WRAM (Chapter 8.6.7).
Added optional playback of MPEG 1 and 2 layers I and II (MP1 and MP2) (Chapters 8.2.2,
8.2.1 and 8.6.1).
SPI Boot added (Chapter 9.4).
MPEG 1, 2 and 2.5 layer III (MP3) decoding more robust against bit errors.
MPEG 2.5 decoding compatibility enhanced.
DREQ goes down during SCI operations. (Chapter 7.4).
DREQ goes down during memory test. (Chapter 7.4).
In VS1011e the SS_VER field in SCI_STATUS is 2.
Also SOIC-28 is now a lead-free RoHS-compliant package.

11.2

Migration Checklist from VS1011b to VS1011e, 2005-07-13

The SS_VER field in SCI_STATUS is 2. You can use SCI_STATUS and SCI_MODE to
distinguish between VS1002 and VS1011e. VS1011b has SS_VER=1, SM_SDINEW=0,
VS1011e has SS_VER=2, SM_SDINEW=0, and VS1002 has SS_VER=2, SM_SDINEW=1.
Use built-in bass enhancer and treble control instead of the Loudness plugin. The loudness plugin works, but the builtin controls are much faster.

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12

DOCUMENT VERSION CHANGES

Document Version Changes

This chapter describes the latest and most important changes to this document.

Version 1.22, 2014-12-19

Updated telephone number in Chapter 13, Contact Information.

Version 1.21 for VS1011e, 2014-12-08

Updated Figure 5, Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48.

Version 1.20 for VS1011e, 2014-02-25

Specification change affected recommended operating conditions if clock doubler is used in
Chapter 4.2, Recommended Operating Conditions.

Version 1.10 for VS1011e, 2012-02-29

SCI Test description fixed in Chapter 9.7.4.
Connection diagram in Chapter 6 updated for improved ESD protection (20 GBUF resistor replaced with 10).
Simplified drawing of LQFP48 package dimensions added to Chapter 5.1.1.
Added SPI timing diagram to Chapter 7.2.1 for newmode SDI.

Version 1.05 for VS1011e, 2009-10-06

SPI timing clarification (CLKI vs. XTALI) in section 7.6.
Added CLOCKF example for 12.288 MHz clock to section 8.6.4.

Version 1.04 for VS1011e, 2007-10-08

Starting from VS1011e also SOIC-28 is a RoHS-compliant lead-free package.

Version 1.03 for VS1011e, 2005-09-05

Production version, no longer preliminary

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VS1011e
13

13

CONTACT INFORMATION

Contact Information

VLSI Solution Oy
Entrance G, 2nd floor
Hermiankatu 8
FI-33720 Tampere
FINLAND
URL: http://www.vlsi.fi/
Phone: +358-50-462-3200
Commercial e-mail: sales@vlsi.fi
For technical support or suggestions regarding this document, please participate at
http://www.vsdsp-forum.com/
For confidential technical discussions, contact
support@vlsi.fi

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