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The amplifier circuit shown below uses what is commonly called "Voltage
Divider Biasing".
Biasing is very important in amplifier design as it establishes the correct
operating point of the amplifier ready to receive signals, thereby reducing
any distortion to the input signal. This type of biasing arrangement is
commonly used in the design of bipolar transistor amplifier circuits and
which greatly reduces the effects of varying Beta, (β) by holding the Base
bias at a constant steady voltage allowing for best stability. The quiescent
Base voltage (VB) is determined by the potential divider network formed
by the two resistors, R1 and R2 and the power supply voltage VCC.
STEPS INVOLVED:
1. Draw the schematic as shown above and run a Transient analysis for
500us. Refer to below calculations
DC ANALYSIS- Replace the capacitors with open circuits.
RE = 600+600 = 1.2K, Take β = 180 for calculation
• = 7.33K
• = 4V
• = 14.69uA
• = 2.64mA
• = 4.08V
Coupling Capacitors
AC ANALYSIS
The output voltage swing is the maximum peak voltage that the output
can produce before it starts clipping. This voltage is dependent on the
voltage supplied to the op amp - the higher the supply voltage the higher
the output voltage swing.
• When an ac signal is applied to the base of the transistor, IC and
VCE will both vary around their Q-point values.
• When the Q-point is centered, IC and VCE can both make the
maximum possible transitions above and below their initial dc
values.
• When the Q-point is above the center on the load line, the input
signal may cause the transistor to saturate. When this happens, a
part of the output signal will be clipped off.
• When the Q-point is below midpoint on the load line, the input
signal may cause the transistor to cutoff. This can also cause a
portion of the output signal to be clipped.