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5th Hons
(An academic program)

Contents:
Definition of article
General sense
Rules of Indefinite Article (a, an)
Rules of Definite Article (the)
Omission
Repetition

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Definition:
BsiRx Article k viv A KqKwU ki h Kvb GKwU eywS hvi viv Kvb
noun K wbw` ev Awbw` Ki evSvbv nq|The word article means a
member of a small group of words that gives definiteness or indefiniteness to the use of a
noun. In other word, article indicates any one of a group of words which are used to
signal nouns and to specify their use.
Types of Article:
Definite

Indefinite
(A, An)

Definite
(The)

Definite Article: Kvb noun K wbw` Ki evSvZ Definite Article (The)

eenvi KiZ nq|
Examples:
The bird is flying in the blue sky.
The doctor has come.
Note: GLvb Avgiv GKwU wbw` cvwL I GKRb wbw` WvviK eywS
hviv ev I kvZv DfqiB cwiwPZ|
Indefinite Article: Avgiv hw` GKwU Noun K Awbw` Ki eenvi Kwi Ze
Avgv`iK Indefinite Article eenvi KiZ ne|
Examples:
A police has come.
A man came to meet you.
Note: GLvb Police ev Man Gi KDB Kvb wbw` Police ev Man bq| Zviv
evi ev kvZvi cwiwPZ bq|
General Rule of Article:
mvaviYZt Common Noun hw` Singular Number nq Ze Zvi c~e Article em|
Examples:
I saw man in the street. (Incorrect)
I saw a man in the street. Correct)
hw` Common Noun plural number K wbw` Ki eySvbv bv nq Ze Zvi
c~e Article em bv|
Example:
Boys (= boys generally) are fond of sweets.
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aygv GKePb, wK mKj wji mv_ A ev An em | Consonant sound-Gi

c~e A Ges vowel Sound-Gi c~e An em|
Examples:
A
a boy
a book
a bag
a cat
a woman
a chair
a dog
a horse

An
an ass
an ant
an apple
an arm
an ice-cream
an idiot
an egg
an ear

Note: wK vowel w`q i nIqv mZI hw` GKwU k BD ev Iqv k

w`q i nq Ze Zvi c~e A em.
Examples:
a ewe , a union
a European, a university, a one-rupee etc.
Note: Abw`K consonant w`q i nIqv mZI hw` GKwU k vowel sound
w`q i nq Ze Zvi c~e An em |
Examples:
an hour, an heir, an
an honest man, an M. A., an M. P., an L. L. B., etc.

1. hLb Kvb ew ev eK c_g evii gZv wb`k Ki| Examples:

I saw a man on the street.
An old lady came to our house.
2. GKwU GKKK wb`k Ki| Examples:
One hundred centimeters make a meter.
An ounce is enough.
3. GKB iKg evSvZ| Examples:
He thinks he is a Nazrul.
He seems to be an Indian.
4. GKwU AcwiwPZ bvg ev c`exi c~e| Examples:
A Kamal called on you.
An Arif came here to collect the news.
Note: GLvb Kamal Ges Arif-Gi c~e A ev An bv _vKj eySve Zviv ev I
kvZvi KvQ cwiwPZ|
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5. ckv, kYx A_ev eemv eySvZ| Examples:

He is a businessman.
He is an engineer.
6. dozen', hundred', thousand', million' BZvw` eySvZ| Examples:
Here are a dozen of bananas.
There are a thousand people.
7. cZK ev cwZ eySvZ| Examples:
He earns one thousand rupees a month.
He drives the car at 50 miles an hour.
8. GKwU kYxK m~Yic evSvZ| Examples:
A cow has horns. (i.e. All cows have horns.)
An elephant never forgets.
9. h Exclamatory Sentence jv What w`q i nq| Examples:
What a pretty girl!
What an awesome bird it is!
10. mB superlative-Gi c~e hvi viv very eySvq| Example:
He saw a most wonderful sight. (a most = a very)
11. 'few', 'little', 'lot of, good deal, great many, good many BZvw`i c~e Ges
gvS gvS Many Gi ci| Examples:
Here are a lot of books.
A great many soldiers entered the town.
I saw a good many boys there.

Singular I Plural numbers Ges mKj wji RbB The eenvi Kiv nq|
1. Kvb wbw` e ev ew eySvZ| Examples:
Look at the boys.
I want The Golden Book of Treasures.
2. mB Noun-Gi c~e hv GKevi eenvii dj wbw` nq MQ|
Examples:
There is a tree in the garden.
The tree is an Oak.
3. mB Noun Gi c~e hvi mv_ AwZwi Phrase ev Clause eenvii dj Zv
wbw` nq MQ| Examples:
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The boy who came here is my friend.

The pen which I bought from market is not so good.
4.Singular Noun-Gi c~e hLb Zv viv mg RvwZK eySvq| Examples:
The dog is a faithful animal.
The rose is the sweetest of all flowers.
5. Uncountable Noun-Gi c~e hLb GwUK wbw` Kiv nq| Examples:
The gold of the ring is very bright.
The water of the Ganges is sacred.
6. cKwZZ GKwU gv AvQ Ggb Kvb wKQyi bvgi c~e| Examples:
The sun shines in the sky.
The earth moves round the sun.
7. h Noun viv Kvb RvwZ ev Mvw evSvq Zvi c~e| Examples:
The English are industrious.
The Bengalees are intelligent but idle.
8. Kvb Road Gi bvgi c~e but Street or Avenue Gi bvgi c~e bq| Examples:
The bus is running on the Mahatma Gandhi Road.
The book is bought from College Street.
9. ckv eySvZ wKQy Noun Gi c~e| Examples:
He joined the Bar.
He joined the Church.
10. Ordinal number (1st,2nd..) Gi cye| Example:
Who is the second boy?
11. mgw evPK `ki bvgi c~e| Examples:
The U. S. A. (the United States of America.)
The U. K. (the United Kingdom.)
12. Adjective hLb Kvb wekl kYx evSvq, ZLb Zvi c~e| Examples:
The rich (= rich men) are not always happy.
The poor ( = poor men) are not always dishonest.
13. Superlative Degree Z Adjective Gi c~e| Example:
He is the best boy in the class.
14. Comparative Gi c~e Adverb wnme| Examples:
The sooner, the better.
The more we have, the more we want.
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15. mvaviYZ Proper Noun Gi c~e the em bv| wK wKQy wKQy Proper
Noun Gi c~e The em mjv njv| newspapers, ships,trains, aeroplanes,
spacecrafts, famous buildings, rivers, seas, oceans, gulfs, mountain ranges, groups of
islands, deserts and directions.
Examples:
Names of holy books : the Bible, the Quran, the Ramayana.
Names of newspapers : the Prothom-Alo, the Daily Star.
Note: GKwU gv ceZ ev xc, Aixc ev n`i bvgi c~e The em bv|
Examples:
Mount Abu, Mount Everest, Vesuvius, Ceylon, Sicily, Java and so on.
16. Kvb wekl kYxi ga Zzjbv eySvj Proper Noun-Gi c~e| Examples:
Rabindranath is the Shakespeare of India.
Dhaka is the London of Bangladesh.
17. Proper Noun hw` Adjective ev Adjectival phrases ev clauses viv wekwlZ nq,
Ze Zvi c~e| Examples:
The great Caesar.
The immortal Kalidas.

Omission of the Article

wKQy wKQy AvQ hLvb Article eenvi Kiv DwPr bq|
1. Proper Noun Gi c~e|
Examples:
Dhaka is the city of joy though there are many sufferings.
Newton is a great scientist not only of England, but also of the world.
Note: hLb Proper Noun Gi c~e Article eenvi Kiv nq ZLb Zv Common Noun
nq hvq|
2. Material Noun Gi c~e|
Gold is a precious metal.
Coal is black but very useful to us.
Note: (hLb Kvb Material Noun K wbw` Ki eySvbv nq ZLb Zvi c~e
The eenvi Kiv nq|
The mangoes of Rajshahi are very tasty.
3. Abstract Noun Gi c~e|
Health is Wealth.
Honesty is the best policy.
Note: (hLb Kvb Abstract Noun K wbw` Ki eySvbv nq ZLb Zvi c~e
The eenvi Kiv nq|
The kindness of Hatem Tai has become a proverb.
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Note: (Abstract Noun Gi c~e Adjective _vKj Zvi c~e Article eenvi Kiv
nq|)
He died a peaceful death.
He met a serious accident.
4. Interrogative evKi Common Noun Gi c~e kind of, sort of, species of RvZxq
Phrase _vKj mB Common Noun Gi c~e Article em bv, Ze assertive
sentence G em|)
What kind of flower is it?
What kind of / sort of man is he?
Note: (wK Assertive Sentence-G Avgiv ewj) Example:
Malaria is caused by a species of mosquito.
The rose/Rajanigandha is a kind of flower.
5. school, college, church, bed, hospital market, prison BZvw` hLb Zv`i mvaviY
ev cavb Dk gb ev eenvi Kiv nq ZLb Zvi c~e Article em bv ,
Ze wekl Kvb Dk eenvi ev gb eySvZ D kwji c~e the eme|
Examples:
We go to school /college (to learn)
Someone goes to church (to pray)
Note:(wK GB RvqMvjv wekl Kvb Dk eenvi ev gb Kiv nj Zvi
c~e Article eenvi Kiv nq|) Example:
I went to the school to see the Headmaster.
He went to the hospital to see his uncle.
6. man ev woman hw` gvbyl RvwZK eySvq Ges father, mother, uncle, aunt, baby
BZvw` hLb Avgv`I father, mother, uncle, aunt, baby BZvw` eySvq ZLb Zvi
c~e Article em bv | Example:
Uncle is coming.
Father will go home.
7. hLb Home kwU ev ev kvZvi Home K wb`k Ki, ZLb Zvi c~e
The em bv |
Go home.
Stay at home.
8. Games ev meals Gi bvgi c~e| Example:
We like to play football/cricket /hockey / tennis / badminton etc.
We have dinner /breakfast as usual time.
9. Kvb FZz ev Drmei bvgi c~e| Example:
Summer /winter/spring /autumn [But, the rainy season]
Summer is the best time for picnic.
Similarly festivals as: New Years Day, Christmas etc.
10.squares,buildings, parks, streets, avenue BZvw`i bvgi c~e| Example:
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Buckingham Palace, College Street.

11. King ev Queen-Gi mv_ Zv`i bvg _vKj wKsev Kvb Title Kvb Noun-Gi
apposition nq emj Zvi c~e Article em bv| Example:
Mr. Sen, Principal of our College, is a well-known figure.
12. Transitive Verb-Gi Complement Gi c~e| Example:
They made him President.
He was elected Chairman of the Board.
13. wKQy Phrase G hLvb Transitive verb -Gi c~e Object _vK| Example:
To catch fire, to take root, togive ear, to cast anchor, to set sail, to lose heart, to take
offence etc.
14. wKQy Phrase G hLvb Preposition-Gi c~e Object _vK| Example:
at home, at dinner, at ease, at dawn, at day-break, at sunrise, at sunset, at noon, at night,
by day, by night, byname, by land, by water, by river, by air, by boat, by bus, by train, by
steamer, by ship, on foot, underground, above ground, from hand to mouth etc.

Repetition of the Article

hLb `yBwU ev Zvi Pq ewk Noun ev Adjective wb`k Ki|
1.Avjv`v Avjv`v ew ev eK wb`k Ki ZLb Zvi cZKwUi c~e
Article em| Example:
The Headmaster and the Secretary are coming. (Two different persons)
He had a clever and a black cat. (Two different cats)
2. `ywU noun hLb GKB ew ev eK eyLvq, ZLb aygv c_g Adjective ev
Noun Gi c~e Article em| Example:
The Headmaster and secretary is coming. (One person)
He had a clever and black cat. (One cat)
3. Zzjvbv eySvZ `yBwU Noun hw` Avjv`v Avjv`v ew ev eK eySvq
ZLb Zvi cZKwUi mv_ Article em; Ab em bv|
He is a better statesman than a philosopher. (Different persons)
He is a better statesman than philosopher. (same)

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Practice Part
Use articles where necessary. Put a cross (x) where an article is not needed.
1. Though newspaper is not always (a) _____unmixed blessing, it is (b)_____most useful thing in
our life. We rarely think of (c) _____day without reading (d) newspaper. Reading
newspaper is one of (e) _____good habits of a man. We shall be like (f) _____frog in a dark well
if we neglect developing this habit. However, some people prefer (g) _____electronic media to
reading (h)-newspaper. But (i) _____newspaper offers more to its readers than (j) _____electronic
media
2. Mosquito menace is one of (a) _____most talked topics, (b) _____fear and nuisance of
mosquito is called (c) _____mosquito menace. For (d) _____city dwellers it is (e) _____constant
nuisance. Particularly at (f) _____night, it becomes more when thousands of mosquitoes start
singing around (g) us. Even during daytimes, we are not free from (h) _____attack of
mosquitoes. To prevent (i) _____nuisance caused by mosquitoes, we have to be alert and work in
(j) _____assorted efforts.
3. At present, Bangladesh faces (a) number of (b) problems. Of all these problems (c)
population problem is (d) _____ most acute one. Population is undoubtedly (e) _____great
asset to (f) _____country. But when (g) _____country fails to feed and provide them with (h)
_____bare necessities of life, they become (i) _____burden. Similar is (j) _____case with
Bangladesh.
4. Adnan is a brilliant student. He is (a) asset. One he may be (b)-engineer or (c)-doctor. He
makes (d)-best use of his time He makes a proper division of his time and does his duties
accordingly. He knows that youth is (e) golden period of (f)-life. He has (g)-aim in life. He
knows that life without (h)-aim is like (i)-ship without (j)-rudder
5. (a) _____morning walk is (b)-good habit for all classes of (c) _____ people. It is (d) _____ simple
exercise and good for health and (e) _____ mentality. In the morning, (f) _____air is fresh and free
from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (g) _____ environment makes (h) _____effect on (i)
_____
nature in (j) _____morning
6. A library is (a) part and parcel of (b) _____educational institution. It is (c) _____unique
place where books of different subjects are kept for (d) _____reading. It enables (e) _____readers
to read books of their choice that creates (f) _____enthusiasm for learning. Students should pay
(g) _____visit to (h) _____library regularly. They can borrow books for (i) _____certain period
and return them after (j) _____given time.
7. Galib works in (a) _____nationalized bank in Dhaka, (b) _____capital city of Bangladesh.
Being (c) _____sensitive young man and (d) _____ex-student of (e) _____English literature, he
takes the job as (f) source of pleasure. As (g)-honest officer, he tries to give his best to
(h)_____clients. Everyday hundreds of people come to (i) _____bank and Galib happens to come
across many of them with (j) _____smiling face.

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