Wireless Planning Fundamentals

Wireless Planning
Fundamentals
Todd Hathaway
MASE Network Infrastructure
Solutions Architect, HP Networking
todd.a.hathaway@hp.com
2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice
WLAN deployment challenge

Should I plan for
coverage or
capacity? Can I
do both?
Where do I place my
APs? Which channels
should be used?
How many sensors do I

need for detection?
How many APs do I

need to meet my
capacity and
coverage needs?
How many V
H
VoIP
IP
calls can I
support?
How many sensors do I need for

intrusion prevention and
location tracking?
WLAN planning goals: coverage vs. capacity

Two incongruent, but not mutually exclusive goals
2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice
WLAN coverage: key factors

Device properties
2.4/5 GHz
Tx power
Environment properties
<< d
Shadowing
Refraction
Reflection
~d
Diffraction

PR ( dBm ) = PT ( dBm ) + G T ( dBi ) + G R ( dBi ) + 10 log
4 d
>> d
Scattering
WLAN coverage goal: data rates

Distance at which threshold signal level (threshold link speed) can be
achieved
54
48
Datta rate
(Mb
bps)
waterfall curve
36
24
18
12
6
(dBm)
Distance
Traditionally coverage has been the main goal for

WLAN planning,
planning but
but
802.11 has grown from an exclusive technology to a plug-and-play

technology
Enterprises are relying heavily on WLAN for instant and obvious

benefits
Users are expecting wire

wire-like
like performance for their applications
Capacity goals can be varied

#1 Maximum number of data bits the network can
carry per unit time (= maximum throughput)
#2 Number of active users that
can be supported
0
1 00 1 0
1 011
010
01 01
0 10
01
100
1
101 0 10
001 0 0
0
1 001
01
#3 Number of simultaneous VoIP calls that can support

with acceptable quality
#4 Threshold throughput per user
101 0 10
001 0 0
0
1 001
01
So you want to design a Wireless Network

Wireless and Magical Thinking
Most peoples experience of wireless is consumer-based
Go to the local big box store

Buy a wireless router
Bring it home
Plug it in
Voila! It just works
Thats fine for your 2,000 square foot 3 BR / 2 BA home, but things are different if your house is
75,000 square feet and routinely has 6,000 kids over every day who all need network services at the
same time ((typical
yp
Midwestern High
g School))
Large-scale wireless networking is unavoidably more complex than the typical consumer experience
Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

Wireless and Magical Thinking
WiFi is a largely misunderstood technology
If you will likely need tens, if not hundreds, of APs to provide a decent signal in all the places people
are likely to want a wireless connection and expected to support several hundred guests wanting to
use it at the same time its a question of scale, just like its one thing to buy a small SOHO router with
a few integrated LAN ports and another thing entirely to build out an effective Campus LAN or a
multinational enterprise Wide Area Network (WAN) to connect several tens of large Campus LANs.
Shared communications channel

The first thing to understand is the key high-level differences in the media. Radio Frequency (RF) is,
by its very nature, a shared media channel (all receivers on the frequency within reception range can
hear a single transmitter while its
it s transmitting) and,
and shared media channels must perforce be half
halfduplex (I talk, you talk, I talk, etc. as there can only one transmitter on the frequency at a time). In that
way, Wireless LANs are very much like Wired LANs based on hubs.

Wireless Fundamentals
A Wi-Fi connection is composed of two simplex
radio links, AP->Client and Client->AP
Each
E h radio
di lilink
k iis composed
d of:
f
Transmitter
Cable between transmitter and transmit
antenna
Transmit antenna
Distance between transmit and receive
antennae
Receive antenna
Cable between receive antenna and receiver
Receiver
While not technically
technicall part of a link
link, ambient noise
must be taken into consideration too
10

Access Points (APs) typically have both higher maximum transmit power levels and greater receive
sensitivity than WiFi clients, particularly BYOD class devices.
WiFi uses two different
diff
R
Radio
di F
Frequency spectra or b
bands,
d 2
2.4
4 GH
GHz (802
(802.11b/g/n)
11b/ / ) and
d 5 GH
GHz
(802.11a/n).
Free Space Loss, or how much the signal strength will attenuate over a given distance, is different for
the two frequency bands
11

Radio power levels are measured in decibels (dB).
dB are a relative measurement
+3 dB = twice the power
-3 dB = half the power
+6 dB = four times the power
-6
6 dB = one-fourth
f th the
th power
+9 dB = eight times the power
-9 dB = one-eighth the power
+10 dB = ten times the power
-10 dB = one-tenth the power
+30 dB = 1024 times the power
power
-30 dB = 1/1024th the p
12
WLANs: frequency spectrum of operation
Unlicensed bands in United States

ISM:
Industrial
Industrial, Scientific
Scientific, and Medical
UNII:
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
83.5 MHz
ISM
2.4 GHz
2.4835 GHz
802.11b/g
UNII
5.15 GHz
5.825 GHz
802.11a
Note: Different subsets between dashed lines are allowed in different countries for unlicensed
WiFi
WLAN coverage: free space RF propagation model

PR
d
PT

P R = PT G T G R
4d
Also known as Friis free space formula
Signal diminishes as inverse square of distance
High frequency signal diminishes faster than low frequency signal
Note: 5GHz is now preferred, but coverage is not as good as 2.4

P C l l t dF
Pre-Calculated
Free Space
S
Loss
L
b
by F
Frequency ffor Selected
S l t d Di
Distance
t
Distance / Free Space Loss
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
1 foot
-29.8 dB
-36.1
dB
3 feet
-39.3 dB
-45.7
45 7
dB
5 feet
-43.7 dB
-50.1
dB
7 feet
-46.7 dB
-53.0
dB
10 feet
-49.8 dB
-56.1
dB
15 feet
-53.3 dB
-59.6
dB
15

Pre Calculated Free Space Loss by Frequency for Selected Distance (continued)
Pre-Calculated
Distance / Free Space Loss
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
20 feet
-55.8 dB
-62.1
dB
25 feet
-57.7 dB
-64.1
64 1
dB
30 feet
-59.3 dB
-65.7
dB
50 feet
-63.7 dB
-70.1
dB
100 feet
-69.8 dB
-76.1
dB
300 feet
-79.3 dB
-85.7
dB
16

Whats the takeaway?
With approximately 6 dB greater loss over the same distances, 5 GHz-based signals provide about
one-fourth the coverage area as 2.4 GHz-based signals do (in wide-open spaces with no
obstructions)!
5 GHz-based signals are also often more severely impacted by the Fresnel zone encroachments
than 2.4 GHz-based signals.
Fresnel Zone -The area around the visual line-of-sight between a radio transmitter and receiver.
Since radio waves disperse as they move away from a transmitter, obstructions in the Fresnel
zone, such as buildings and trees, will attenuate or reflect the signal, such that the intended
receiver may not collect an adequate radio signal for reliable communication.
So why would anyone want to use 5 GHz-based
GHz based signals? Hold that thought until we get to Available
Radio Channels and Co-Channel Interference.
17

Materials Impact Signal Propagation
Theres not much published research on the absorption of RF energy at different frequencies by
different materials, but what there is for some common materials will be presented.
The
Th published
bli h d research
hd
doesnt
cover absorption
b
i b
by h
human b
bodies,
di
b
but as essentially
i ll mobile
bil b
bodies
di
of water supported by metal endo-structures (calcium bones) they do have an effect.
There is also no measured value for reinforced concrete in the published research, but it should be
considered to be some combination of the values for:
Red brick, Stucco, or Cinder block, and Diamond mesh (wires in glass, like in some hospital door
windows)
Concrete would be similar to the first three and the reinforcement metal bars would behave
somewhat similarly to the Diamond mesh (acting as an antenna and dissipating large amounts of
the RF energy, but without the smaller distances between the metal lines that decrease the
chances of a wavelength penetrating the material without hitting the metal portion)
18

P bli h d Research
Published
R
hL
Loss V
Values
l
b
by M
Material
t i lb
by F
Frequency
http://www.ko4bb.com/Manuals/05)_GPS_Timing/E10589_Propagation_Losses_2_and_5GHz.pdf
Material / Loss by
Frequency
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
7.1 mm Plexiglass
~0.4 dB
~0.9 dB
Red brick
~4.5 dB
~14.6
dB
Glass
~0.5 dB
~1.7 dB
12.8 mm Drywall
~0.5 dB
~0.5 dB
Fir lumber
~2.8 dB
~6.1 dB
19

P bli h d R
Published
Research
hL
Loss V
Values
l
b
by M
Material
t i lb
by F
Frequency ((continued)
ti
d)
Material / Loss by
Frequency
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Particle board
~1.7 dB
~2.0 dB
Plywood
~1.9 dB
~1.8 dB
Stucco
~14.8 dB
~13.6
dB
Cinder block
~7.0 dB
~11.3
dB
Diamond mesh (wires in glass,

like in some hospital door
windows)
i d
)
~21.0 dB
~13.2
dB
20
Channel map 2.4 GHz band
Total of 11 channels of which 3 are non-overlapping

Channel
width = 20 MHz
Channel
separation = 5 MHz
1
2
3
4
10
11

5 GHz (802
(802.11a/n)
11a/n) 40 MHz Channels
One of the key things that gives
802.11n its greater
performance is the use of pairs
of 20 MHz channels bonded
into 40 MHz channels (the
other is multiple spatial
streams)
There are 9 non-overlapping 40
MHz channels approved for
use in the U.S. (pairs using
120 124
120,
124, and
d 128 nott
available)
22
Channel map in 5 GHz band
Total of 23 channels
Channel width = 20 MHz
Channel separation = at least 20 MHz
Portion of Band
UNII-1/Lower
5.250 GHz)
(5.150 to
Channel Numbers
Channel Center Frequencies
Output Power
36, 40, 44, 48
36: 5.180 GHz
40 mW
40: 5.200 GHz

48: 5.240 GHz
UNII-2/Middle
5 350 GHz)
5.350
(5.250 to
52, 56, 60, 64
52: 5.260 GHz
200 mW
64: 5.320 GHz
UNII-3
5.725 GHz)
(5.470 to
UNII-4/Upper
UNII
4/Upper
5.825 GHz)
(5
(5.725
725 to
100, 104, , 140
52: 5.500 GHz
200 mW
64: 5.700 GHz

149 153
149,
153, 157
157, 161
149: 5
5.745
745 GHz
161: 5.805 GHz
800 mW
WLAN channel allocation
In
I practice,
ti
cells
ll are nott nice
i hexagons
h
like
lik this
thi
They are significantly distorted due to antenna properties and
environmental factors

2 4 GHz (802.11b/g/n)
2.4
(802 11b/g/n) Channels
In order to avoid or minimize Co-Channel
Interference we want to ensure that no cell
using the same radio channel overlaps
A good metaphor is to imagine being required
to completely cover a surface using three
different colors of circles with the rule that no
t
two
circles
i l th
thatt are th
the same color
l are allowed
ll
d
to touch each other
The visualization is often referred to as a
channel map
25

5 GHz (802
(802.11a/n)
11a/n) Channels
In order to avoid or minimize Co-Channel
Interference we want to ensure that no cell
using the same radio channel overlaps
The illustration uses seven different 20 MHz
channels
The 5 GHz channel map typically looks very
different than the 2.4 GHz channel map
26

Co Channel Interference
Co-Channel
A 130 Mbps associated data rate (802.11n 20 MHz channel) really means, conservatively, ~60
Mbps of full-duplex throughput to be shared.
Typically,
T i ll the
h bi
biggest ffactors governing
i performance
f
are:
Co-Channel Interference
User Density
Per-User
Per User Bandwidth/Throughput Needs
Cell Size
Flow destinations
g the same radio channel and can hear
Co-Channel Interference is when two or more APs are using
each other, creating a combined group of associated WiFi clients on the same channel that must all
compete for air time on the common, shared radio channel. Its a performance killer! Think of a
meeting with 10 participants all waiting for a moment of silence so they can jump in and say
something.
g Now double that to 20 p
participants
p
and consider how much less each p
person will g
get the
chance to say.
27

Planning Guidelines
User Density is a function of the Floor Plan and simply means how many users, on average and at
peak times, associate to any given AP radio
Per-User
P U
B
Bandwidth/Throughput
d id h/Th
h
N
Needs
d vary by
b application
li i mix
i and
d are id
ideally
ll measured,
d e.g. using
i
TCPView and Wireshark (or something similar, more on this later)
Cell Size is essentially how big are the different colored circles
governed by the transmit power levels of each APs
AP s radio(s), and driven by both User Density and
Per-User Bandwidth/Throughput Needs.
Example: 35 students in a ~250 sq. ft classroom that each need 2 Mbps of Per-User
Bandwidth/Throughput on 802.11g (2.4 GHz radio)
How
H
many 2
2.4
4 GH
GHz 802
802.11g
11 radios
di should
h ld service
i thi
this classroom
l
tto d
deliver
li
an acceptable
t bl endd
user wireless experience?
28

Design Steps
Steps-Summary
Summary
Create solution design that will meet elicited requirements given known
constraints
Understand aggregate required applications per-user bandwidth / throughput needs and user density
in order to determine cell size (to control number of users per radio by controlling strength of signal,
causing clients to associate to closest / best signal strength BSSID)
Design for 5 GHz coverage and adjust 2
2.4
4 GHz radio power down to eliminate / minimize CoCo
Channel Interference
Assign non-overlapping 2.4 and 5 GHz channels to physically adjacent radios in the same spectra in
APs
Turn OFF 2.4 GHz radios as needed
Architect around non-WiFi interference sources, e.g. 2.4 GHz cordless phones, microwaves, wireless
video cameras, etc., that, for business reasons, could not be removed from the environment
29
Why HP Networking
Wireless
2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice
HPN Wireless Leadership and Innovation

#2 vendor Worldwide in Wireless LAN shipments
448,000+ units shipped globally in CY2010
Mobility innovations and differentiators
Optimized Architecture
First in the industry to offer near Gigabit Ethernet (Dual 450Mb/s radios) WLAN client access
In room solution for delivering advanced IP services
Multi-media application support
31
Market leading RF performance
Wired and wireless networking in-wall device
Maximum flexibility in supporting mobile business applications today and in the future at the lowest TCO
Multicast patent, Application based QoS
11/21/2012
The HP Networking Mobility Architecture

MSM Distributed Architecture
Source-to-destination traffic forwarding w/
central mgmt:
No single point of failure
User Traffic dropped local to Access Point
Guest traffic securely routed to Controller
Lowers application latency
Consumes minimal core LAN switch ports
No need to purchase additional controller
capacity
Eliminates performance bottlenecks
Simple straight
g forward configuration
g
Centralized WLAN Controllers More $$$$

All traffic
t ffi travels
t
l through
th
h
controller:
Single
g point of failure
Application latency
VoIP Performance Concerns
Inefficient use of the infrastructure
Controller Performance (Growth)
50 Access Points each 450Mbps
p
per radio equals 22 Gbps
through controller
MSM Series Mobility Portfolio

Infrastructure
Controllers
34
Access points
Management,
additional devices
Control
Security
MSM 765zl Controller
MSM400 Series
IMC 5.1
RF Manager 6.0
40-200 APs and 2000 Guests
Single & Dual Radio 11n 3x3, PoE
Device Management Tool
Wireless IDS/IPS for A & series
MSM 760 Controller
MSM 317
RF Planner 5.0
MSM 415 RF Sensor
Single Radio 11b/g, Wall Jack, PoE
Frequency coverage planning tool
RF Security Sensor a/b/g/n, PoE
MSM720 Controller
MSM300 Series
Client Bridge
Guest Management Software
Single, Dual & Triple Radio 11a/b/g, PoE
Client Bridge a/b/g
Guest Access and Control
MSM 710 Controller
MSM100 Series
Outdoor Bridge
IDM Identity Driven Manager
10 APs and 100 Guests
Single Radio, Indoor, PoE
Dual Radio Outdoor Bridge a/b/g/n
Access Control Policy Management
Controller Positioning
MSM 800 AP Solution
MSM765 Premium Mobility Controller
Series 5400zl Chassis

Supports
Points
S
t up to
t 800 Access
A
P i t via
i (4) MSM765zl
MSM765 l modules
d l
Teaming with N+1 redundancy (5 modules/ 2 chassis)
Redundant power supplies
Modular format supports larger environments needing to

reduce HW footprint
Same feature set as MSM760 Premium Mobility Controller
Blade: flexible capacity

p
y
MSM760 Premium Mobility & Access Controller
Cap
pacity
40-200 access points

2000 simultaneous guest access users
**Support for L3 roaming services
**Teaming and failover support (max 5 MSM760s) and 64 VSC profiles
Appliance: flexible capacity
MSM720 Premium Mobility & Access Controller
10-40 access points and up to 40 in a Team

**Support for L3 roaming services
**Teaming
Teaming and failover for mid market (max 2 MSM720s)
MSM720 s) and 64 VSC profiles
MSM710 Mobility* & Access Controller
10 access points and/or access devices

Support for 16 VSC profiles
*Support for L3 roaming services
= Requires Mobility Services option

** = Requires Premium Mobility option
35
Appliance: fixed capacity
802.11n Access Point Positioning

Feature
MSM466-R
MSM466
MSM460
MSM430
MSM410
Dual 802.11n
radios
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
IEEE 802.3af PoE
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
High-performance
Dual core
processors
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Number of
transmitters/
receivers
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
Number of spatial
streams
Max performance
450 Mbps/radio
450 Mbps/radio
450 Mbps/radio
300 Mbps/radio
300 Mbps/radio
External
External
Internal
Internal
Internal
Concurrent 5GHz
support
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Lifetime warranty
1 year
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
$
$1999.00
$
$999.00
$
$999.00
$
$699.00
$
$499.00
Antenna
Li t price
List
i
36
Dual Radio Indoor 802.11n APs
Full MSM AP feature set
Powered by 802.3af PoE
Up to 200mW EIRP output power
AP, Mesh and Monitor (packet capture) modes
LEDs for visual indication of unit health
37
Power, LAN, Radio 1, Radio 2
0-50C operating temperature
Embedded or external antenna option
Plenum-rated
Low profile, unobtrusive design
Flexible ceiling and wall mounting options
Range of physical security features
Quiet LEDs
Dual Radio 802.11n APs: Summary
38
Dual radio 802.11n APs
MSM430: 3x3:2, integrated 4/7dBi antennas
MSM460: 3x3:3,, integrated

4/7dBi antennas
g
MSM466: 3x3:3, six RP-SMA connectors
MSM466-R: 3x3:3, six N Type connectors
New RF optimization features
Standards-based beam forming (Explicit)
Band steering
Concurrent radio operation in 5GHz band (MSM466/466-R)
Outdoor Enclosure
MSM466-R
Directional and Omni-Directional Outdoor Antennas
Embedded heater for low temperature operation
MSM466-R: Customer Target Markets & Solution

Benefits
Addresses multiple vertical markets, such as Healthcare, Hospitality, Education,

and other Enterprise environments
Ideally suited for
Outdoor deployments
deployments, such as campus courtyard
courtyard, stadiums
stadiums, or where wired connections are not
feasible to implement or cost prohibitive
Point to point or point to multipoint wireless communications can be made to establish Wi-Fi connectivity
to remote buildings
Performance to replace 100M or T3/DS3 dedicated lines at a fraction of the price
Point to point distances of greater than a miles
39
MSM466-R
Delivering the highest performing dual radio 802.11n outdoor AP
MSM466-R AP feature set
Powered by 802.3af or 802.3at PoE*

AP, Mesh and Monitor (packet capture) modes
Six N Type Connectors
Flexible pole and wall mounting options
Environmental design features
IP67 and NEMA 4X rated, providing protection against water intrusion and salt fog damage
Waterproof
Ethernet PoE connector kit
Reset to Factory button
LEDs for visual indication of unit health
Power, LAN, Radio 1, Radio 2
- 40C* to 55C operating temperature

Embedded heater
* Operation under -20C requires 802.3at PoE
40
Examples of Local Mesh Configuration
Local Mesh extends wireless to areas where Ethernet is not available

Inside
hotels, factories, hospitals, outdoor campus, LAN bridge between buildings
Self
Self-healing
healing
Multiple
links, self-optimizing
self optimizing links, multiple egress gateways
configuration options for wireless access and backhaul
Extension of wireless coverage through local mesh

Wireless Links
Wireless Links
Connecting wired networks over local mesh

Wireless Links
Outdoor 3x3 MIMO Antennas
Support for a range of deployment scenarios
Indoor or outdoor use
High
g user densities e.g.
g lecture hall
Point-to-point and Multipoint communication
Installation in enclosed spaces
SKU
Type
Band
Gain
J9169A
Narrow Beam Sector, 3 Element
2.4GHz/5GHz
8dBi/10.7dBi
J9170A
Directional, 3 Element
2.4GHz/5GHz
10.9dBi/13.5dBi
J9719A
Omnidirectional, 3 Element
2.4GHz
6dBi
J9720A
Omnidirectional, 3 Element
5GHz
8dBi
J9171A
Omnidirectional, 3 Element*
2.4GHz/5GHz
3dBi/4dBi
J9659A
Omnidirectional 6 Element
Omnidirectional,
Element*
2 4GHz/5GHz
2.4GHz/5GHz
2 5/5 9dBi
2.5/5.9dBi
Note: Antenna usage may be limited in some countries.

* Indoor antennas have RP-SMA connectors, while outdoor antennas have N Type connectors
42
Suitable for outdoor use
Wireless Wall Jack
43
11/21/2012
HP Networking & Mobility Summary
Single pane-of-glass management

Centralized configuration of multiple access points across the enterprise
Support for up to 2,500 mobility devices
Wi lik performance
Wire-like
f
First Wi-Fi certified GbE WLAN client access (MSM46x)
Delivers 50% increase in user density/performance via three spatial-stream dual 802.11n
Wire-like delivery of multi-media applications, SaaS and cloud services
U ifi d access control

Unified
t l
Consistent access control solution across wired/wireless network
Wireless IDS/IPS
Provides continuous vulnerability protection
Ensures compliance with industry regulations (SOX, HIPAA, PCI) through comprehensive reporting
Lower TCO
Uses existing HP MSM mounting hardware , controller and IDS/IPS
HPs industry-leading lifetime warranty with next-day replacement
Training and support for only one management application
44
11/21/2012
HP RF Planner: HP Wireless Site Planning
Unique, patent-pending RF propagation model
Imports TIF, JPEG or BMP floor plans
Graphical display of wireless LAN spillage
Security coverage modeling
Drag and drop functionality

Drag-and-drop
Outdoor modeling capability
Generates equipment
q p
lists that speed
p
deployments
p y
Eliminates over provisioning
Planning and device placement information can be

imported into HP RF Manager simplifying deployment
AP
Coverage
Sensor
Coverage
HP Networking Confidential
Spillage
View
RF Planner
RF Planner system requirements

Hardware
Requirements
P
Processor
Intel P4 x86 architecture platform

(or equivalent)
Processor Speed
1.4 GHz (minimum)
Memory
1 GB (minimum)
Hard Disk
100 MB
Screen Resolution
1024 x 768 (recommended)
Software
Requirements
Operating System
Windows 7 (32/64-bit), Windows

2000, XP, Vista
Workflow
Formatted
Site Layout
Site
Layout
WiFi
Planning
Service
Input form
Requirements
R
i
t
Capture
Site
i Image
Conversion
SiteModel
Model
Site
Preparation
Preparation
Site Model
Re-Plan (Optional)
Customer
Site calibration
Packaging
Deliverables
RF Maps
Planning
Report
RF Planning
RF Maps
WLAN planning steps
Site information
Layout
Building material
Planning requirements
Security and/or Network
Indoor and/or Outdoor

Security planning goals
Detection, Prevention, Location

tracking
Network planning goals
Coverage and capacity

Device details
AP model and antennas
Site model preparation

Modeling checklist
Model layout
Building material
Assumptions
Site image conversion

Image file format
Dimension units
Site image size
Site geometry
Requirements capture
Site information
g requirements
q
Planning
Device details
Output mode
File format
AUTOCAD
Image: .jpg or . gif

Verify dimension
Objects of known size
Consistent units
Image Size
Max 1500x1000 pixels

Site geometry
Perimeter
M lti l floors
Multiple
fl
Correct layers in AutoCAD
Modeling checklist
jpg or .gif
gif image or AutoCAD
.jpg
Dimensions are available

Model layout
Floor by floor
Draw all objects for image file
Remove stray objects
Define object building material

Building materials
Cover every high loss material
Approximate unknown materials

State any assumptions
WLAN planning steps (contd.)
RF parameter selection
S
Security
it planning
l
i
Sensor Placement
(Detection/Prevention/
Location tracking)
Network planning
Maximum coverage
Minimum interference
Meet capacity goals

Ensure enough redundancy
Site calibration
Measurement
Regenerate RF Views
Packaging deliverables
Bill of material
Consolidated report
Specific
S
f RF maps
SGP/SGE files
RF planning
RF parameter selection
Security planning
Network planning
Device selection
Bill of material
Number of devices needed

Consolidated report
Specific RF maps
Other files
SGP files (.spm)
SGE import files
Measurement
G
Generate
t calibration
lib ti points
i t
Measure actual signal

Regenerate RF Views
Key features
Flexibility to use images or AutoCAD files
Ease of modeling
Ability
to scale the entire floor plan by defining distance between any two points
Ready
Ready-to-use
to use
repositories of modeling components; scope to create custom

custom-defined
defined
models
Regional RF regulatory compliance
Full 802.11n support
WLAN planning wizard

Capacity
and coverage planning
Key features (contd.)
Auto AP placement and channel allocation
Live RF calibration
Cross-floor spillage
Ri h RF views
Rich
i
What-if
What
if analysis
Benefits
Plan 802.11n
Migration
Minimize
Security Risk
Provide Visibility
Benefits
Unlimited What
What-if
if
Analysis
Maximize ROI
Reduce OPEX
Reduce CAPEX
Finding the Manual

RF Planner User Guide:
54
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%2Fc03357360%2Fc03357360.pdf

Wireless Planning Fundamentals

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Wireless Planning Fundamentals

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Wireless Planning

2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

WLAN deployment challenge

How many sensors do I

How many APs do I

How many sensors do I need for

WLAN planning goals: coverage vs. capacity

WLAN coverage: key factors

WLAN coverage goal: data rates

Traditionally coverage has been the main goal for

802.11 has grown from an exclusive technology to a plug-and-play

Enterprises are relying heavily on WLAN for instant and obvious

Users are expecting wire

Capacity goals can be varied

#3 Number of simultaneous VoIP calls that can support

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Go to the local big box store

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Shared communications channel

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

WLANs: frequency spectrum of operation

Unlicensed bands in United States

Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure

WLAN coverage: free space RF propagation model

Also known as Friis free space formula

Signal diminishes as inverse square of distance

High frequency signal diminishes faster than low frequency signal

Note: 5GHz is now preferred, but coverage is not as good as 2.4

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Distance / Free Space Loss

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Distance / Free Space Loss

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Diamond mesh (wires in glass,

Channel map 2.4 GHz band

Total of 11 channels of which 3 are non-overlapping

So you want to design a Wireless Network

Channel map in 5 GHz band

Channel width = 20 MHz

Channel separation = at least 20 MHz

Channel Center Frequencies

36, 40, 44, 48

36: 5.180 GHz

40: 5.200 GHz

52, 56, 60, 64

52: 5.260 GHz

64: 5.320 GHz

100, 104, , 140

52: 5.500 GHz

64: 5.700 GHz

WLAN channel allocation

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

So you want to design a Wireless Network

2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

HPN Wireless Leadership and Innovation

448,000+ units shipped globally in CY2010