BOOK AGuide to Electronic Game i Operation | and Servicing TARI“BOOK A GUIDE TO ELECTRONIC GAME OPERATION AND SERVICING A ATARI Published by ‘ATARI INC. 1265 Borrogas Avenue P.O, Box 427 Sunnyale, California 94086 Copyright © 1980 by Atari, Inc. All rights reserved. No pat of this publication may be reprociced by any mechanical, photo agphic, 0: electronic process, orn he form of a phonographic recording, for may itbe stored ina retrieval system, transmitted, of otherwise coped for public oF private use, without permission from the publisher ATARI Lithographed in the USA. 3KThe Book— a guide to electronic game operation and servicing The Book contains seven chapters including approximately 180 pages of heavily illustrated information—geared for the operator and distri= butor technician who repairs Atari's electronic video and pinball games, Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to tools, land test equipment, and shows soldering tech- niques in many photographs, Chapter 2 covers ‘game repair—how to isolate problerns down to the major component level and how to maintain all the major player controls Atari has ever de- signed, Chapter 3 contains information on how the two major types of monitors function (raster- scan and Quadrascan™ XY). It also includes detailed problemisolution tables to aid you in troubleshooting both types of monitors, Chapter 4 explains the functions of various discrete PCB components, such as resistors, capacitors, transistors and diodes, Chapter 5 introduces the reader to integrated circuits. it covers such topics as how to find ICs ‘on a board, and how to count in the binary and hexadecimal number systems. It also includes € table for identifying IC manufacturers’ logos. The last section of The Book—Chapters 6 ‘and 7—deals with circuitry and analog devices, The Book also contains an eight-page glos- sary. It concisely defines terms used in elec- tronics, and electrical and mechanical design, The Book is loose-leaf bound in a durable at- tractive three-ring binder. You may obtain extra copies by sending $39.00 to Atari, Ine. Attn.: Field Service/Coin-Op Division 1105 NN. Fair Oaks Avenue P.O. Box 427 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 U.S.AThis Book and You... You should, and we expect you to, use The Book as it is intended, namely: * Asa mindjogger when you can't quite remember one widget from another. To help you increase your level of proficiency. * To assist you in decreasing your downtime, This Book will not, nor is it intended, to: Make you a technician Tum you into an engineer Fix all your game problems Repair printed-circuit boards, or Make coffee. Overall, we hope this book helps you fee! more confident with the tech- niques, tools and terminology associated with coin-operated electronic games. We wish you good luck and good troubleshooting! Atari, Inc. Coin-Op Field Servicemoop> ooze The Book Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 TOOLS, SOLDERING AND TEST EQUIPMENT Video Probe Logie Probe Logic Pulser Test Clip Using Meters 1. Ammeters or How to Measure Current 2. Voltmeters 3. Ohmmeters ‘4 Muitimeters or VoMs Oscilloscope FOMIRAM Tester Signature Analyzer Continuity Testor Soldering Equipment 1. Soldering Iron 2. Solder Sucker 8. Solder Wick 4 FluxRemover 5. Acid rush 6. Solder Tools 1. Heat Gun 2. Freon Coolant 3. Modification Wire 4. Jumper Wire Hand Tools +. 90-Degree-Tip Cutters 2, AB-Degree Diagonal Cutters 3. Needte-Nose Piers 4. Scribe 5. XActo Knife and Blades 8 Shrink Tubing 7. Blade Adjustment Tools ‘Soldering Techniques: Applying Solder Using Fux Remover Liting IC Pins Removing and Replacing ICs on Boards Repairing Edge-Connector Pads Using Modtication Wire Cutting Traces 8. Using Solder Wick. Page 14 15 16 16 7 19 112 144 416 447 "7 118 1418 1419 119 119 1419 1419 149 1-20 1-20 1-20 120 121 421 121 421 421 4-24 121 421 421 4.24 4-24 1.25 4-25 1-26 1-30 1-33 134 1-35opp Zomm Table of Contents, continued CHAPTER 2 GAME REPAIR Observing Problems Looking for Obvious Problems Harness Problems 1. Switches 2. Potentiometers 3. Steering PCB 4, Audio 5, Lamps and Light-Emitting Diodes 6. Solenoids ‘Monitor Problems 1. Raster-Scan Monitors 2, Quadrascan”™ X-Y Monitors Connector Problems Power-Supply Problems Cleaning the Printed Circuit Board Mechanical Hardware and its Adjustments (Player Controls) 4. Gear Shifter Assembly 2. Trak Ball™ Assembly 3, Two-Speed Shifter 4 Gas Pedal Control 5, Steering Wheel Assembly 6. Thrust Controis Assembly 7. Gun Assembiy, Fight Control Assembly Electrical Hardware 1. Switches 2. Transformers, 3, Potentiometers 4, Solenoids CHAPTER 3 MONITORS. Types of Monitors 1+. Raster-Scan Monitors 2, Quadrascan™ XY Monitors Adjustments Brightness Contrast Vertical Hold Vertical Height Vertical Linearity Yoke Brightness and Contrast on X-¥ Monitors Monitor Repair 1. RasterScan Monitors 2, Quadrascan™ XY Monitors Schematics Page 25 26 27 27 27 28 29 240 2a ant 242 242 242 244 2418 215 247 248 249 220 221 222 224 224 2.25 2.26 2207 33 33 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 an 315wi mo -rommoog@> Table of Contents, continued CHAPTER 4 PRINTED-CIRCUIT BOARD COMPONENTS Introduction to Solid-State Electronics Resistors 1. FixedValue Resistors 2, Variable Resistors 3. Uses of Potentiometers Capacitors 1. DC-Voltage Blocking 2. AC-Voltage Resistance 3, Characteristics of Capacitors 4, Value Codes of Capacitors Crystals Coils (RF Chokes) 1. Inductors. 2. Transformers Diodes 1. The “Charge” Principle 2. How Diodes Are Made 3. Properties of Diodes 4. LightEmitting Diodes Transistors 1, How Transistors Work 2, Uses of Transistors CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IC Pin Configurations How to Find ICs on a Printed-Circult Board How to Identify Device Types Date Codes IC Manutacturers’ Logos ‘Schematic Symbol Conventions Binary Counting System Hexadecimal Counting System Basic Digital Laws 1. High, Low and Pulsing 2. Active Low Signals 3, Three Laws of Logic Truth Tables H.L, S, and LS Device Types 1. “H" Devices 2. “L” Devices 3. “S" Devices 4, “LS” Devices Page 43 43 43 45 46 46 46 47 49 49 49 410 440 440 an 42 ane 443 443 53 53 55 55 55 57 58 59 59 59 59 510 5410 5410 510 510 5410 Bayo7mo ae ze oroz Table of Contents, continued CHAPTER 6 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ‘Transistors as Switches Logic Gates ‘AND Gate OR Gate Butter Inverter NAND Gate NOR Gate Exclusive OR Gate. Flip-Flops 1. RS-Type Flip-Flops 2. DeType Flip-Flops Jk-Type Flip-Flops Quad Latch ‘Addressable Latch Counters 1. Divide-by-2 Counter 2. Counter Chain 3. Presettable Binary Counter 4. UplDown Counter Rate Multipliers Shift Registers. Muttiplexers 4. Quad 24nput Multiplexer 2. Dual 4-Input Multiplexer Decoders 1. Dual t-of-4 Decoder 2. BCD-1o-7-Segment Decoder Driver 3. 1-010 Decoder (One-Shots or Multivibrators Butters 1. Hex Tri-State Butter 2. Bidirectional Butter Buffer Drivers Random-Access Memories (RAMs) Read-Only Memories (ROMs/PROMs/EPROMs) Microprocessors 1. Basic Operation 2. Addressing Terms and Concepts 3. Address Bus 4. Bit 5, Address Space 6. The Address Page: 7. 8 9. Clock Generator Program Memory Data Memory 10. InputiOutput Devices 616 617 619 621 621 622 623 623 624 625 626 628 628 629 630 631 634 696 636 636 636 636 68 638 638 638 638 639 vilvill Table of Contents, continued 11. The Microprocessor 12. Bus Structure 18. Processor Interrupts 14. Interrupt Request (RQ) 15. Nor-Maskable Interrupt (NM) 16. System Reset 17. Ready (RDY) 18. SYNC Signal 19. ReadiWrite (RAN) 20. Valid Memory Address (VMA) 21. Data Bus Enable (DBE) 22. Phase One (#1) and Phase Two (#2) Clocks 23. Restart (RES) 24, Go/Malt (iA) 25. Bus Available (BA) 26. Three-State Control (TSC) 27. Direct Memory Access (OMA) 28. Data Bus (00-D7) RL Binary Full Adder S. 4x4 Bus Register File CHAPTER 7 ANALOG DEVICES A. Oscillators B. Operational Amplifiers Non-Inverting Amplifier Inverting Amplifier Voltage Follower ‘Summing Amplifier Comparator 6. Differential Ampiiier ©. Quadbilateral Switches D. Timers (Voltage-Controlled Oscillators or VCOs) 2. 3 4 5 GLOSSARY Glossary starts on page Page 639 642 642 642 643 ead 64a 64a 645 645 6-45 645 645 645 645, 645, 645 647 64g 72 73 73 73 Th Th 78 16 1 Gt