Example 2

"

(2:35)"






"























(7:19) "

Arberrys Translation:
And We said, 'Adam, dwell thou, and thy wife, in the Garden, and eat
thereof easefully where you desire; but draw not nigh this tree, lest you
be evildoers.' (2:35)
'O Adam, inherit, thou and thy wife, the Garden, and eat of where you
will, but come not nigh this tree, lest you be of the evildoers.' (7:19)
Zidans Translation:
And We said, O Adam, live with your wife in the Garden, and eat from
it freely as you please, but dont come near this Tree lest you become
wrongdoers. (2:35)
And O Adam, dwell you and your wife in the Garden, and you may eat
from anywhere you desire, but dont even approach this Tree, or you
would be of the evildoers. (7:19)
Syntactic Analysis

Translation

Arabic word

Syntax and morphology

CONJ prefixed conjunction wa (and)

(2:35:1)
waqul'n
And We said,

Conj + V+ Pron

V 1st person plural perfect verb

PRON subject pronoun


VOC prefixed vocative particle ya

(2:35:2)
ydamu
"O Adam!

Voc +PN

PN nominative masculine proper noun

Adam

(2:35:3)
us'kun
Dwell
(2:35:4)
anta
you

Pron

V 2nd person masculine singular imperative

verb

PRON 2nd person masculine singular
personal pronoun

CONJ prefixed conjunction wa (and)

(2:35:5)
wazawjuka
and your spouse

N nominative masculine noun

Conj + N +Pron

PRON 2nd person masculine singular

possessive pronoun

(2:35:6)

PN accusative feminine proper noun

l-janata

PN

Paradise

(in) Paradise,

CONJ prefixed conjunction wa (and)

(2:35:7)

V 2nd person dual imperative verb

wakul

and [you both]

Conj + V+ Pron

eat

(2:35:8)
min'h
from it

PRON subject pronoun

P preposition

PRON 3rd person feminine singular object

P + Pron

pronoun

Verse (7:19)
Translation

Arabic word

(7:19:6)
fakul
and you both eat

Conj + V +Pron

(7:19:7)
min
from

(7:19:8)
aythu
wherever

Syntax and morphology

CONJ prefixed conjunction fa (and)
V 2nd person masculine dual imperative
verb
PRON subject pronoun

P preposition

N genitive noun

(7:19:9)
shi'tum
you both wish,

V + Pron

V 2nd person dual perfect verb

PRON subject pronoun

Context of Situation:
After Allah, the Almighty, banished Satan and discarded him away from
Paradise, He called Adam and told him to take paradise a house form
him and his wife. The verb waqul'n We said Allah assigned the
action to Himself, which indicates a sense of honoring to Adam. Thus in
this verse, but not in the second position (7:19), He added the adverb
raghadan easefully, and freely. El Qurtbyy added that the
imperative us'kun take it a house bears an indication that Adam will
soon leave paradise and it is not a permanent dwelling (Al-Qurtbyy, p.
254-264).
Linguistic Explanation
Al-Kermanyy says; the imperative in both verses us'kun does not
mean the order to stay still and not to move. In (2:35), it refers to
take it a house which requires a long period of time, so, the other
imperatives in the verse could not be conjoined but with the
conjunction and. The meaning is to conjoin the two actions; of settling
down and eating from Paradise fruits. However fa/ then would mean
to postpone the action of eating until they get done with settling down.

In the second position (7:19), the first action indicates make paradise
a home; as Allah the almighty has already discarded Satan



, i.e.







, and addressed Adam saying


consider paradise a home,


. So, such consideration



does not require a period of time and the action of eating would
inevitably and naturally accompany the first action, so the perfect
conjunction in this case would be fa/then (Al-Kermanyy, 2000, 16).
Al-Eskafyy pointed out that; every verb that is conjoined with ananswer-to-subject relation; as the relation between a condition and a
consequence, it is more appropriate to use ( fa) rather than ( wa). In
other words; the action of eating is dependent on and a consequence
of the action of dwelling. Once they dwell, they are free to eat. (AlEskafyy, 2001, p. 221-223).
As there is an overlapping between the functions of the two
conjunctive particles, [wa] and [fa], it is important to differentiate
between them. Cantarino (1975, p. 20-21) highlights this by saying:
The main difference between [fa] and the connective
particle [wa] is that the latter only joins equally
important sentences, stating their simultaneous
validity, but without any attempt at internal
arrangement or logical classification, [fa], however,
implies an arrangement in the narrative. As a

consequence of this and in order to indicate fully its

actual meaning and function, [fa] should almost
always be translated with the connective conjunction
and plus any of the English adverbs used to
express a similar progression and arrangement in
sequence, e.g., so, then, thus, etc.
Translation Assessment
Both translators did not distinguish between the conjunctions wa/fa in
the two verses. Since the translators are mediators, breaching one of
the cooperative principles does flout the maxim of quantity. Their
translations were not that informative as the original text. Though
Zidan added may in ( 7:19) to indicate optionality, but with no
reference to the awake of completion of the first action.
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