SCREW THREADS

- A screw thread is the functional element used on a piece

or a component, e.g bolt, stud.

- A screwed piece consists of a cylinder of round core along

which a projection ( or a groove) winds its way in the
form of a helix.

- This projection or a groove is known as thread.

- Threaded pieces are always used in pairs to hold different

machine parts together temporarily.

- Uses of threads are:

o For fastening (e.g nut and bolts, screws)
o For adjusting (e.g water tap)
o For transmitting power (e.g jack, machine vice)
THREAD TERMS AND NOMENCLATURE

- Helix: It is a curve generated by a point moving on the

surface of a cylinder or a cone in circumferential
direction, at a constant angular speed, and with a
simultaneous uniform rate of advance in axial direction.
This curve is used where input is rotation and output is
translation.
- Fundamental Triangle: Triangle of which two sides are the
flank with sharp crest and root. The third side is the imaginary
line parallel to the axis.
- Apex of triangle: Sharp corner of the fundamental triangle
opposite to its base.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Truncation: Distance measured perpendicular to the axis,
between the major and minor cylinders and the apex of the
fundamental triangle.

Crest:
- top surface joining the two sides of a thread.

Root:
- Bottom surface joining the sides of two adjacent threads.

Flank:
- Surface between the crest and the root of a thread.

Angle of Thread:
- Angle between the adjacent flank.

Helix angle:
- Angle the helix makes at any point with a plane
perpendicular to the axis.

Depth of Thread:
- Distance measured perpendicular to the axis, between
crest and root.

Pitch:
- Distance measured axially, between corresponding
points on the consecutive threads forms in the same axial
plane and on the same side of the axis.

Lead:
- Distance measured parallel to the axis between a point
on the thread form and the same point after one complete
revolution. It is basically the axial distance a screw thread
advances in one revolution.

Major Diameter:
- Also called outside or nominal diameter. Is the largest
diameter of a screw thread. Screw is specified on this
diameter.

Minor Diameter:
- Also called core or root diameter. Is the smaller
diameter of a screw thread.

Pitch Diameter:
- Also called effective diameter. Is the diameter of the
imaginary cylinder, the surface of which would pass through
the thread at such points as to make equal the width of the
thread and the width of the space between the threads.

Thread Profile:
- Is the shape of a thread on a section plane containing the
axis of thread.

External Thread:
- Thread on the outside surface of a member such as bolt,
screw.

Internal Thread:
- Thread on the inside surface of a member such as nut.
Single / double / multiple start thread
- In single start, only one helical groove. Lead = pitch.
- In double start, there are two helical grooves.
Lead = 2 x pitch.
DIFFERENT THREAD PROFLIES

There are two main kinds of profiles:

- V thread (Due to V cross section)

- Square ( Due to square cross section)

Advantages of V threads:
- Offer greater frictional resistance to motion.
- Stronger as are wider at the base.
- Can be easily cut by a die, a machine or by tap.

Advantages of Square threads:

- Used where power is to be transmitted as they have less
frictional resistance.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF V-THREADS
(i) ISO (international standard organization) metric
thread:

- Symmetrical V form with an included angle of 600

between flanks.
- Crest and roots are basically flat.

(ii) British Standard Whithworth (BSW) thread:

- Symmetrical V thread with an angle of 550 between

flanks.
- It is rounded equally at crest and roots.
- Used for general purpose fastening purpose.

(iii) British Association standard thread:

- Symmetrical V thread with an angle of 47.50 between

flanks.
- Rounded off at crest and roots.
- Used in fine adjustments in equipments.

(iv) Unified screw thread:

- UK, USA and Canada came together for common thread

in year 1949.
0
- Symmetrical V thread with an angle of 60 between
flanks.
- Rounded off at root but crest is left flat.
 (v) American Standard thread:

- Symmetrical V thread with an angle of 600 between

flanks.
- flat at root and crest.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SQUARE THREADS

(i) Acme thread:

- Angle between the flanks is 290.

- Stronger than exact square thread.
- Can be easily made than exact square thread.

(ii) Buttress thread:

- Used where transmission is only in one direction like in

bench vice.
- Strength is same as V-thread.

(iii) Knuckle thread:

- Round top and round bottom.

- Can be easily casted or rolled but not economically
machined.
- Not easily damaged when subjected to rough usage.
- Used in light bulbs.
 THREAD DESIGNATION

Type of thread profile, nominal diameter (or major diameter) x pitch

Type of thread profile

M - ISO metric thread

SQ - Square thread

Ex:
-A 10mm diameter, 1.5 mm pitch ISO thread is designated by :
M 10 x 1.5
- In case the length is also required then M 10 x 1.5 x length

- A 20 mm diameter, 2 mm pitch square thread is given by:

SQ 20 x 2
HOW TO DRAW THE THREAD IN FIGURE ?