Arabic Script Unicode Fonts

20/09/10 12:06 AM

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Short URL: http://scripts.sil.org/ArabicFonts

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Arabic Script Unicode Fonts

for OpenType and AAT systems
Bob Hallissy, Jonathan Kew, 2007- 06- 22; 286670 reads

Updated 2008-12-11
Both ScheherazadeRegOT and LateefRegOT fonts are now available under the SIL Open Font License.
Overview
Character repertoire
Language specific features
Advanced features
Software requirements
Basic rendering
Advanced features
Downloads

Overview
Scheherazade and Lateef are extended Arabic script fonts designed by SIL International for modern Unicode-based
systems using either OpenType or AAT (Apple Advanced Typography) for complex-script rendering. They support virtually
all of the Unicode 4.1 Arabic character repertoire (excluding the Arabic Presentation Forms blocks, which are not
recommended for normal use). Each typeface is currently available in Regular weight only.
Note
An experimental version of Scheherazade using SIL's Graphite rendering technology is available on the
Graphite fonts page.
Scheherazade, named after the heroine of the classic Arabian Nights tale, is designed in a similar style to traditional
typefaces such as Monotype Naskh, extended to cover the full Unicode Arabic repertoire.

Lateef is named after Shah Abdul Lateef Bhitai, the famous Sindhi mystic and poet. It is intended to be an appropriate
style for use in Sindhi and other languages of the southern Asia:

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Both designs provide a simplified rendering of Arabic script, using basic connecting glyphs but not including a wide
variety of additional ligatures or contextual alternates (only the required lam-alef ligatures). This simplified style is often
preferred for clarity, especially in non-Arabic languages, but may be considered unattractive in more traditional and
literate communities.

Character repertoire
Unicode block

Scheherazade

Arabic

Lateef
except for 0600..0603, 060B, 060E..0613, 0615

Arabic Supplement
Arabic Presentation Forms-A
Arabic Presentation Forms-B
Codepage 1252 (Western)1
A selection of characters from the General Punctuation block, such as various-sized spaces, are also supported; a utility
such as SIL ViewGlyph can be used to examine the exact repertoire of each font.

Language specific features

Advanced features
Behavior

Scheherazade

U+0600 ARABIC NUMBER SIGN

1-3 digits

U+0601 ARABIC SIGN SANAH

1-4 digits

U+0602 ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER

1-2 digits

U+0603 ARABIC SIGN SAFHA

1-3 digits

U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH

1-3 digits; stylistic alternates

Lateef

1-3 digits

Software requirements
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These fonts utilize OpenType and AAT technology to provide rendering information needed by application and system
software. Usability of the features provided in these fonts will depend on the exact capabilities of your software.
Arabic script is a complex and difficult script, and this complexity is compounded by the fact that Arabic script is used for
many different languages and cultures with variations in acceptable calligraphic style. From a computer perspective at
least, the technologies used to implement Arabic script are not yet fully mature. The result is that while a given font
might work for one set of languages on a given software platform, the same font might not work for other languages or
on other platforms. This means that it is very difficult to give an accurate answer to the question of software
requirements.

Basic rendering
These Arabic fonts are available in versions for two different rendering technologies, OpenType and AAT. The exact
behavior varies slightly, because of the differing capabilities of these technologies.
OpenType
The fonts support the OpenType shaping features specified by
Microsoft. The result is that the fonts work pretty well in
Microsoft Office XP (or later) as well as in most
Uniscribe-based applications such as
Paratext 6 and
Toolbox. At
this time Uniscribe has not been updated for Unicode 4.1 and so does not support the Arabic Supplement characters
(U+0750.. U+077F ), nor a few new characters in the 06xx block.
International Components for Unicode (ICU) includes a shaping engine for Arabic text and thus applications such as
XeTeX that use ICU Layout will be able to render text using SIL's Arabic fonts. The ICU Layout library used in XeTeX has
been updated to support the Arabic Supplement characters added in Unicode 4.1.
OpenOffice Writer on Windows is Uniscribe-based and on Linux is ICU-based. See preceding paragraphs regarding
Uniscribe and ICU. Note that the character repertoire supported depends on the version of ICU Layout used, and may not
yet include the latest additions to Unicode.
If you are aware of specific software environments where these fonts are known to work (or not work), we would like to
hear from you.
Apple Advanced Typography (AAT)
The AAT-enabled versions of these fonts should automatically render with the proper contextual forms in applications that
use the ATSUI (Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging) text system on Mac OS X. This includes many standard OS X
applications such as TextEdit, as well as software such as XeTeX (which can work with both the OpenType and AAT
fonts). Note, however, that (like other Arabic fonts) they will not render properly in products such as Microsoft Word,
Adobe InDesign, or other applications that use their own text-handling routines rather than relying on ATSUI.
Because of limitations of the AAT technology, diacritic positioning with the AAT-enabled fonts may be less accurate than
the OpenType versions, and stacking of multiple diacritics is not well supported (except for a few commonly-used
combinations).

Advanced features
Language-specific features in OpenType
For each supported script, an OpenType font provides a set of rules detailing the default shaping behavior. The font may
optionally provide alternate shaping behavior to be used for specific languages. 2 For example, the shape of U+0647
ARABIC LETTER HEH may need to be slightly different for the Sindhi language than for typical Arabic use.
However, the infrastructure needed to access the language-specific behavior is not yet present in a majority of
applications. For example: with the exception of alternate digits, Uniscribe-based applications such as Microsoft Office do
not benefit from language-specific behavior. Some ICU-based apps, e.g., XeTeX, can access language-specific behavior.
Optional font features in AAT
AAT fonts do not have the same model of language systems as OpenType, but the same glyph variants are accessible
through font features that can be accessed via the Typography palette in many OS X applications (available from the
gear icon in the Font panel, when this panel is large enough).
U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH

and subtending marks (U+0600 ARABIC NUMBER SIGN ..U+0603 ARABIC SIGN SAFHA)

These Arabic characters are intended to enclose or hold one or more digits. Uniscribe-based applications are likely to
display these properly. Other applications may require the following hack: precede the entire sequence (subtending mark
plus following digits) with either U+202D LEFT- TO- RIGHT OVERRIDE or U+202E RIGHT- TO- LEFT OVERRIDE and follow the entire
sequence with U+202C POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING. Exactly which of these hacks might work depends on your application.
(For typesetting with XeTeX, this can be automated using the font mapping feature to insert the directional controls
needed.)
Additionally, Scheherazade includes two simplified alternates for U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH under the Stylistic Alternates
(salt) feature, but at this time we know of no OpenType-based applications that can access these.
These characters, including the alternate U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH forms in Scheherazade, are also supported in the AAT
versions of the fonts. However, at least in version 10.3 of Mac OS X, the Cocoa text system does not render them
correctly, and so they will only work properly in applications such as WorldText or XeTeX that use ATSUI directly, not
through the Cocoa text framework.

Downloads
Visit the Arabic Script Unicode Fonts Downloads page for license details and downloadable packages.

http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=ArabicFonts

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1 Inclusion of basic Latin repertoire is provided as a convenience, e.g., for use in menus or for displaying markup in text files; these fonts are not
intended for extensive Latin script use.
2 For details see the Overview section of

OpenType Layout Common Table Formats.

2003- 2010 SIL International, all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted elsewhere on this page.
Provided by SIL's Non- Roman Script Initiative. Contact us at nrsi@sil.org .

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