Rig Veda Americanus

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LIBRARY
DAVID O. MCKAY
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IPPE TOTEC,
GOD OF SILVERSMITHS,
IN
FULL COSTUME.
HYMN
XV.
TON
LIBRARY OF
AMERICAN LITERATURE.
NUMBER
VIII.
Americanus.
>F
THE ANCIENT MEXICANS,
LOSS IN NAHUATL.
\RAPHRASE, NOTES AND
WI
ABULARY,
BY
MTON,
and
A.M., M.D.,
Linguistics
sylvania.
PHILADELPHIA
D. G.
BRINTON,
1890.
in
the
University
brinton's
library of
aboriginal american literature.
number
viii.
Rig Veda Americanus.

SACRED SONGS OF THE ANCIENT MEXICANS,
WITH A GLOSS
IN
NAHUATL.
EDITED, WITH A PARAPHRASE, NOTES AND

VOCABULARY,
DANIEL
G.
of American
IJRINTON. A.M., M.D.,
Archaology and Linguistic*

of Pennsylvania.
PHILADELPHIA
I).
G.
BR]
NTO X.
in
the
<
LIBRARY
OF
Aboriginal American
Literature.
No. VIII.
EDITED BY
D. G.
BRINTON, M.D.
PHILADELPHIA.
1890.
PRESS OF WM.
1220-24-
F.
FEU. & CO.,
SANSOM STREET,
PHILADELPHIA.
1.37J32
THE LIBRARY
OF
ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE,

intended for the publication of works written in the Aboriginal tongues
of
America by native (Indian) authors, edited

at present the following volumes
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RIG
VEDA AMERICANOS.
Edited by Daniel G. Brinton, m.d.

95 pages.
Cloth, uncut,
These are sold separately, or the whole

cent,
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#3.00
set at a reduction
of ten per
OPINIONS AND PRESS NOTICES.

" It is to be hoped that the Indian publications which Dr. Brinton is issuing will meet
with a wide circle of readers, and that others besides scholars of this department will
interest themselves to aid the work he has so vigorously and successfully begun."
H. Toy,
Prof. C.
"
The
in the
efforts of
American Journal of Philology
Dr. Brinton should be welcomed by
all
antiquarian students, for they
are not only original contributions, but are presented in a readable and interesting
manner.''
The American Antiquarian.
" Scholars everywhere should vie with each other

The Kansas City Review.
prise of Dr. Brinton."
in
encouraging
this
laudable enter-
"Around the red man/ native to America, there clusters an ever-deepening interest,
and the desire to know more concerning him increases every day. Such books as those
which Dr. Brinton has given to the public are well adapted to meet these requirements."
The Chautauquan.
'
"
We
must repeat our thanks
express our sincere wishes for
its
to
Dr. Brinton for this excellent
To
success.
all
available material
Brinton's Library muss

Ranges bezeichnet werden.
Wiener Anthropol. Gesell.
"On
is
exhausted."
in ihrer soliden
Prof.
ne peut que remercier
le
and again
and we hope that their publication will be

Notes and Queries, London.
these volumes are of the highest interest;
continued until
series,
the antiquary, philologist and ethnologist
Ausfuhrung
als ein
Quellenwerk ersten
Friedrich Miiller, of Vienna, in the Mittheil. der
savant professeur de Philadelphie pour cette excellente
mene si activement, aura certainement pour

aux Etats-Unis le gout des etudes historiques Americaines. M.
Brinton aura ainsi rendu un signale service a l'ethnographie et a l'archseologie du
nouveau continent." Desire Charnay, in the Revue d' Ethnographie.
edition.
L'oeuvre qu'il a entreprise et qu'il
resultat de repandre
We hope that Dr. Brinton will receive every encouragement in his labors to disclose
Americans these literary antiquities of the Continent. He eminently deserves it,
both by the character of his undertaking and the quality of his work."
The American
"
to
(Philadelphia).
In 1885 the Societe Americaine de France decreed the bestowal of a medal
following
"Une
velle de
terms:
upon the editor of
this
series,
in
the
Medaille de la Societe Americaine d'apres une composition nou-
M.
le statuaire
Hegel, a M.
adelphie, delegue general de
1'
le
Docteur Daniel G. Brinton, a Phil-
Alliance Scientifique Universelle pour les
nombreux
Nouveau Monde."
Etats-Unis, qui, dans ces derniers temps, s'est place par ses
savants travaux au premier rang des Americanistes du
Rapport Annuel sur
les
Recompenses
et
Encouragements
et
Paris, 1885.
For copies or further particulars, address the general editor,
DR. D.
2041
Chestnut
St.,
G. BRINTON,
Philadelphia, Penna.
PREFACE.
In accordance with the general object of this series of
volumes
which
to furnish materials for study rather
is
than to offer completed studies

this
of
number the
American
acter, I
From
religious lore.
Veda Americanus,
have prepared
for
most ancient authentic record
text of the
have ventured to
its
antiquity and char-
call this little collection
after the
Rig
the
similar cyclus of sacred
hymns, which are the most venerable product of the
Aryan mind.
As for my attempted
I
offer
translation of these mystic chants
with the utmost reserve.
it
height of temerity in
difficulties
me
which one so
It
to pretend to
would be the
have overcome
Na-
familiar with the ancient
huatl as
Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his
powers.
All that
of the Gloss
gestions
and
hope
to have achieved
is,
by the
not always in conformity to
to give a general idea of the sense
its
aid
sug-
and pur-
port of the originals.
The
texts
desirability of preserving
seems
to
me
to be manifest.
undoubtedly authentic
spirit
and publishing these
They reveal
to us the
of the ancient religion; they
iii
PREFACE.
IV
show us the language
in its
most archaic form
they
preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the historian

in
and they
illustrate the alterations
the spoken tongue adopted in the esoteric dialect of
the priesthood.
Such considerations
will, I trust, attract
the attention of scholars to these fragments of a lost

literature.
In the appended Vocabulary
have inserted only
those words and expressions for which

correct
or, at least,
have to be
left
probable
renderings.
to future investigators.
can suggest
Others
will
CONTENTS.
PAGK
Preface,
Ill
Introduction
ix
I.
II.
Hymn
War
of Huitzilofochtli,
Song of the Huitznahuac,
15
19
III.
Hymn
IV.
Hymn to the All-Mother
27
V.
Hymn
to the Virgin Mothek,
31
VI.
Hymn
to the God of Fire,
33
VII.
Hymn
of Mixcoatl,
36
VIII.
Hymn
to the God of Flowers,
39
IX.
Hymn
to the Goddess of Artists,
41
X.
of Tlaloc,
Hymn to the God
22
of Fishing,
43
XI.
Hymn
of the Otomi Leader,
45
XII.
Hymn
to the Goddess of Childbirth,
47
XIII.
Hymn
to the Mother of Mortals,
49
XIV.
Hymn Sung
at a Fast every Eight Years,
XV. Hymn to a Night God,
52
56
XVI.
Hymn
to the Goddess of Food,
59
XVII.
Hymn
to the Gods of Wine,
61
XVIII.
Hymn to the Master
of Waters,
XIX. Hymn to the God of Flowers,
XX. Hymn to the God of Merchants,
63
65
67
Glossary,
69
Index,
89
LIST
OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
XirPE Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume,
Frontispiece
Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a
Hymn xv
Drum,
Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink,
....
totochtin, the rabbits, gods of the drunkards,
Hymn
hymn
Hymn
Atlaua, Singing and Dancing,
Vll
xvi
xvii
xviii
INTRODUCTION.
As
in
a previous number of the Library of Aboriginal
American Literature
have discussed
of the ancient Mexican poetry,
in detail the character
shall
confine myself at
present to the history of the present collection.
We
owe
its
preservation to the untiring industry of Father Bernardino de
Sahagun, one of the
earliest missionaries to
Mexico, and the
author of by far the most important work on the religion,
manners and customs of the ancient Mexicans.
By long
residence and close application Sahagun acquired
a complete mastery of the Nahuatl tongue.

celebrated Historia de las Cosas de la
in the native language,
and from
He composed
Nueva Espana
this original
his
primarily
wrote out a
Spanish translation, in some parts considerably abbreviated.
This incomplete reproduction
is
that
which was published
in
Spanish by Lord Kingsborough and Bustamente, and in a
French rendering with
useful notes
by Dr. Jourdanet and M.
Remi Simeon.
So
far as I
original
now
know, the only complete copy of the Nahuatl
in existence
Laurentio-Mediceana
April, 1889.
It
is
is
that preserved in the Bibliotheca
in Florence,
where
a most elaborate
and
examined
beautiful
three large volumes, containing thirteen hundred
eight illustrations, carefully

illustrative
besides
2
it
in
MS.,
in
and seventy-
drawn by hand, mostly colored,
of the native mythology, history, arts and usages,
many
elaborate head
and
ix
tail
pieces to the chapters.
INTRODUCTION.
There
another Nahuatl MS. of Sahagun's history in the
is
King of Spain
private library of the
May, 1888, and of which
examined
in
tion in the
Memoires de
eam'stes, for that year.

first
at
I
Madrid, which
published a colla-
Ameri-
la Societe Internationale des
incomplete, embracing only the
It is
books of the Histoiia, and should be considered
six
merely as a borrador or preliminary sketch for the Florentine

copy.
It
not included in the
me
amount of
material
and has been peculiarly
useful to
contains, however, a certain

latter,
in the preparation of the present
volume, as not only
affording another reading of the text, valuable for comparison,
but as furnishing a gloss or Nahuatl paraphrase of most of the
MS.
hymns, which does not appear
in
evidently the older of the two,
have adopted the readings of
the
Madrid MS.
MS.
Florentine
Neither
at
as
my
at the
text,
the Florentine
As
and given the variants of the
end of each hymn.
MS. attempts any
translation of the
That
hymns.
Madrid has no Spanish comment whatever, while
that at
Florence places opposite the hymns the following remarks,
which are
the
also
found
Appendix of
"It
is
the
in the printed copies, near the close of
Second Book of the Hisioria
an old trick of our enemy the Devil to try
to conceal
himself in order the better to compass his ends, in accordance
with the words of the Gospel,

the light.'
'
He whose deeds
are evil, shuns
Also on earth this enemy of ours has provided
himself with a dense
wood and a ground, rough and
filled
with abysses, there to prepare his wiles and to escape pursuit,

as
do wild
beasts
and venomous serpents.
these abysses are the songs
This wood and
which he has inspired
service to be sung in his honor within the temples
for his
and outside
INTRODUCTION.
of them
they
for they are so artfully
XI
composed
that they say what
but disclose only what the Devil commands, not
will,
being rightly understood except by those to

addressed.
It is, in fact,
whom
they are
well recognized that the cave,
or abysses in which this cursed
enemy
wood
hides himself, are these
songs or chants which he himself composed, and which are
sung to him without being understood except by those who

are acquainted with this sort of language.
is
that they sing
what they
please,
The consequence
war or peace, praise to the
Devil or contempt for Christ, and they cannot in the least be
understood by other men."
Lord Kingsborough
says in a note in his voluminous
on the Antiquities of Mexico

text
work
that this portion of Sahagun's
was destroyed by order of the Inquisition, and that there
was a memorandum to that
effect in the
This could scarcely have
the noble writer's possession.

ferred to a translation of the
any MS.
mates
Spanish original in
hymns,
for
none such
exists in
have consulted, or heard of; and Sahagun
in the passage
re-
inti-
quoted above that he had made none, on
account of the obscurity of the diction.
Neither does any
appear in the Florentine MS., where the text of the hymns

given in
full,
although the explanatory Gloss
This last-mentioned fact has prevented

the text of the Gloss, which in
erroneous;
strictly
but
me from
some passages
who
will
make
The Florentine MS.

divinities, or their
is
omitted.
correcting
manifestly
have confined myself to reproducing
according to the original MS., leaving
to those
is
use of
its
is
it
correction
it.
has five colored illustrations of the
symbols, which are spoken of in the chants.
These are probably copied from the native hieroglyphic books
INTRODUCTION.
Xll
in which, as
we
learn from Sahagun, such ancient songs were
preserved and transmitted.
These
illustrations I
had copied
with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by one of the photographic processes, for the present work.
Such
is
the history of this curious document,

I
submit
it
skill to
unravel
its
brief introduction
patience and
to
those
manifold
who
and with
will
difficulties.
this
have the
RIG VEDA AMERICANA.
HYMN OF
I.
1.
HUITZILOPOCHTLI.
15
Vilzilopochtli icuic.
Vitzilopuchi, yaquetlaya, yyaconay, ynohuihuihuia:
anenicuic, tociquemitla, yya, ayya,
yya y ya
uia,
queya-
noca, oya tonaqui, yyaya, yya, yya.

2.
Tetzauiztli
ya mixtecatl, ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla
pomaya, ouayyeo, ayyayya.

3.
Ay
tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli
macoc mupupuxotiuh,
yautlatoa ya, ayyayyo, noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya.

4.
Oya yeua
uel
mamauia,
in tlaxotecatl teuhtla mila-
catzoaya, itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya.

5.
Amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuiaycalipan
yauhtiua, xinechoncentlalizqui.
6.
Pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia
ycalipan.
yautiua, xinechoncentlalizqui.
Var. 6. This verse
is
omitted in the Medicean MS.
Gloss.
1.
In ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui, id
neneuilia, ayac iuhqui, in iuhqui.
est,
ayac nech-
Anenicuic, id
est,
amo
ca nen nonicuic, in quetzali, in chalchihuitl in ixquich
Queyanoca oya tonaqui,
ynotlatqui, togiquemitl.
id
est,
onocatonat, onocatlatuit.
2.
inic
Q.
n., tetzauiztli,
oquiyaochiuhqui
id
est,
oquintetzauito, in mixteca
oquimanilito in imicxi
in
pichau-
azteca, ioan in mixteca.

3.
Ay
tlaxotla tenamitl,
aquique yauchiuallo.
Iuitli
q. n.,
quitepeua inin tena in
macoc,
q.
;/.,
oncan quitema
HYMN OF
16
in
inic
Mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya,
in ihuitl.
tigatl
HUITZILOPOCHTLI.
mopopuxoticalaqui yauc, ioan,
maca y yauyutl
q.
n. ,
q.
n.,
yeuatl quite-
tepanquizqui, mito-
quitemaceuaitia,
ayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl.
Oya yeua huel mamauia, q.

tiaya in aya momochiua yauyutl.
4.
q. n.,
in
noteuh
n.,
gan oc
momamauh-
Teuhtla milacatzoaya
opeuh yauyutl, aocac momauhtica
in
iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica tlayoa(lli).

5.
Amanteca toyauan,
q. n.,
yn iyaoan yn aquique
in
cani omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz
ynin
6.
cal.
Pipiteca,
xinechoncentlalizque,
toyaoan,
Yn
y yaoan mochiuhque.
pipiteca
yauyutl
in
calla
in
q.
n.,
in
mochiua
calipan.
Translation.
The Hy?nn of Huitzilopochtli.

1.
Huitzilopochtli
unto him
is first
not vainly do
the garb of our ancestors

2.
He
is
I
;
in rank,
no one, no one
sing (his praises)

I
shine
like
forth in
I glitter.
a terror to the Mixteca
coming
is
he alone destroyed the
Picha-Huasteca, he conquered them.

3.
The Dart-Hurler
is
an example
to the city, as
he
sets to
He who commands in battle is called the representative of my God.

4. When he shouts aloud he inspires great terror, the divine
work.
hurler,
the
hurler, the
god turning himself

god turning himself
in
in the
the combat, the divine
combat.
HYMN OF
5.
HUITZILOPOCHTLI.
17
me
Amanteca, gather yourselves together with
in the
house of war against your enemies, gather yourselves together

with me.
6.
Pipiteca, gather yourselves together with
me
in the
house
of war against your enemies, gather yourselves together with
me.
Notes.
Huitzilopochtli was the well-known war-god of the Azteca,
whose functions are described by Sahagun

cap. 1)
and many other
writers.
(Ifistoria, Lib.
The hymn
probably the tlaxotecuyotl, which was chanted

tion of his feast in the fifteenth
month of
dar (see Sahagun, Historia, Lib.
means "
set
his glory
and repeated
1.
"In
be established."
till
II.,
It
the
here given
I.,
is
at the celebra-
Mexican calen-
cap. 34).
The word
was commenced
at sun-
sunrise.
the garb of our ancestors " (to-citli-quemitl).
The
high priest appeared in the insignia of Quetzalcoatl, which,

says
Sahagun, "were very gorgeous."
{Hist.,
Lib.
II.,
Appendix.)
2.
Mixteca, plural of Mixtecatl, an inhabitant of Mixte-
capan, near the Pacific.

lineage, lived
3.
on the Gulf
The god was
The Huasteca, a nation of Maya

coast.
called the Hurler, as he was believed to
hurl the lightning serpent (the xiuhcoatl}.

5.
Sahagun
recites the legends
toria, Lib. IX., cap. 18).
about the Amanteca (Ifis-
Here the name
refers to the in-
habitants of the quarter called Amantlan.

6.
Pipiteca, a
nomen
class of the hearers.
gentile, referring doubtless to a certain
HYMN OF
18
This
same
to another, descriptive of the
MS.
divinity, preserved in Sahagun's
my
translation
by
in
Madrid.
Huitzilopochtli,
Can maceualli
Can tlacatl catca.
Only a
Naualli
A
A
A
subject,
Only a mortal was.
Tetzauitl
Atlacacemelle
Teixcuepani
in yaoyotl
magician,
terror,
stirrer
of
strife,
deceiver,
maker of war,
Yautecani
An
Yautlatoani
Ca itechpa mitoaya
Tepan quitlaza
That he hurled
In xiuhcoatl
His flaming serpent,
Immamalhuaztli
His
arranger of battles,
lord of battles
And
of
him
it
was said
fire stick
Quitoznequi yaoyotl
Which means war.
Teoatl tlachinolli.
Blood and burning
Auh
And when
iniquac ilhuiq'xtililoya
his festival
was celebrated,
Malmicouaya
Captives were slain,
Tlaaltilmicoaya
Tealtilaya impochteca.
Washed slaves were slain,

The merchants washed them.
Auh
And
inic
It is
side.
its
Vitzilopuchtli
Quiyocoyani
HUITZILOPOCHTLI.
hymn may be compared
as follows, with
mochichiuaya
thus he was arrayed
Xiuhcoanauale
With head-dress of green feathers,

Holding his serpent torch,
Xiuhtlalpile
Girded with a
Matacaxe
Bracelets
Tzitzile
Wearing turquoises,
As a master of messengers.
Xiuhtotonacoche catca
Oyuvale.
When
in Florence, in 1889, I
of the Nahuatl text and
Sahagun's History.
in
all
upon
belt,
his arms,
had an accurate copy made
the figures of the
The colored
first
book of
figure of Huitzilopochtli is
accordance with the above description.
WAR SONG OF THE HUITZNAHUAC.

11.
Uitznaoac yautl
Ahuia tlacochcalco
1.
auia,
icuic.
notequioa ayayui nocaquia
ya nechyapinauia, ayaca nomati,
tlacatl,
19
nitetzauiztli,
ayaca nomati niya, yautla, aquitoloc tlacochcalco
notequioa, iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan.
Ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc
2.
uitzetla.
Huia oholopa
3.
telipuchtla,
yuiyoc yn nomalli, ye
nimauia, ye nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
Huia uitznauac
4.
telepochtla yuiyoc,
yn nomalli, ye
nimauia, ye nimauia yuiyoc, ynomalli.
Huia
5.
yn nomalli, ye
ytzicotla telipochtla, yuiyoc,
nimauia, ye nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
Uitznauac
6.
machiyotla
teuaqui,
tetemoya, ahuia
oyatonac, yahuia oyatonac, machiyotla tetemoya.

7.
Tocuilitla
machiyotla* tetemoya, ahuia
teuaqui,
oyatonac, yahuia oyatonac

Var.
6.
uia,
machiyotla tetemoya.
Vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla.
MS. Med.
The War Song of the Huitznahuac.
What ho
1.
my work
mortal, nor can any put
am
the Terror,
work
is
is
in the hall of arms, I listen to
me
know none
to
shame,
other, I
know none
am where war
said to be in the hall of arms, let
no
such,
is,
no one curse
my
my
children.
2.
Our adornment comes from
out the south,
it is
varied in
color as the clothing of the eagle.

3.
Ho
ho
abundance of youths doubly clothed, arrayed
3722
20
in feathers, are
my captives,
I deliver
them up,
deliver
them
my captives arrayed in feathers.

youths for the Huitznahuac, arrayed in feathers,
4. Ho
these are my captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up,
arrayed in feathers, my captives.
5. Youths from the south, arrayed in feathers, my captives,
I deliver them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my
up,
captives.
6.
The god
enters,
the Huitznahuac, he descends as an
example, he shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an

example.
7.
Adorned
he enters as a god, he descends as an
like us
example, he shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an
example.
Notes.
There
clear.
is
no Gloss
to this
hymn, but
its
Huitznahuac was a name applied
the great temple at Tenochtitlan, as
The word
by Sahagun.
is
we
signification seems
to several edifices in
are informed at length
a locative from huitznahua.
This
term means "magicians from the south" or "diviners with

thorns," and was applied in the Quetzalcoatl mythical cyclus
to the legendary
to
have destroyed
of this
myth
Society for
whom he is said
(See my discussion
enemies of Huitzilopochtli,
as
soon as he was born.
in Proceedings of the
1887.)
American Philosophical
Apparently to perpetuate the memory
of this exploit, the custom was, at the festival of Huitzilopochtli, for the slaves
who were
to
be sacrificed
to
form two
bands, one representing the Huitznahua and the other the

partisans of the god,
arrival of the
Btvfi
and
to slaughter each other until the
god Paynal put an end
to the
combat (Sahagun,

Historta, Lib. II., cap. 34).
this portion
1.
The
of the ancient
tlacochcalli,
The song
21
here given belongs to
rite.
" house of arrows"
(Jlacochtlt,
arrow,
house), was a large hall in the temple of Huitzilopochtli
calli,
where arrows, spears and other arms were kept (Sahagun, Lib.
VIIL, cap.
2.
The " adornment from
of the
3.
32).
name Hnitznahua.
the south " refers to the meaning
(See Glossary.)
Sahagun (ubi sup.) informs us that the
to die fought against free warriors,
slaves
condemned
and when any of the
latter
were captured they were promptly put to death by their captors.
HYMN OF
22
III.
Ahuia Mexico
1.
TLALOC.
Tlalloc icnic.
teutlaneuiloc
anauh-
amapanitla
campa, ye moquetzquetl, aoyequene y chocaya.

2.
Ahuia anneuaya
niyocoloc, annoteua eztlamiyaual,
aylhuicolla nic yauicaya teutiualcoya.

3.
Ahuia annotequiua
cayouh
tic
naualpilli aquitlanella
motona-
yachiuh quitla catlachtoquetl, can mitziya-
pinauia.
4.
Ahuia cana
matia, anotata
Ahuia
5.
catella
nechyapinauia anechyaca uel-
yn oquacuillo
ocelocoatl aya.
tlallocana, xiuacalco
aya quizqui aquamotla,
acatonalaya.
Ahuia xiyanouia, nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poy-
6.
auhtla,
ayauh chicauaztica, ayauicalo
tlallocanaya.
7.
Aua nacha
8.
Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, temoquetl
tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.

aitlatol,
aniquiya ilhuiquetl, tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.
Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc yno-
9.
ay motlapoalli, aya ximocaya ye
matia,
quetzalcalla
nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl.

10.
Ahuia xiyanouia, ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poy-
auhtla,
ayauh chicauaztlica ayauicallo

Var.
1.
tlalloca.
Amopanitl.
Gloss.
1.
Auia Mexico
nauiloc in tlaloc.
teutlanauiloc,
q. n.,
yn Mexico
onetla-
Amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetz-
HYMN OF
quetl, q.
n.,
amapanitl nauhcampa omoquequetz.
yeque naichocaya, id
2.
23
TLALOC.
est,
itlaocuyaya.
Auia anneuaya niyocoloc,
ynehuatl
q. n.,
Annoteua eztlamiyaual,
oniyocoloc.
Aylhuigolla,
miyaualtitiuh.
Ao-
q. n.,
ni tlalloc
noteu eztla-
q. n. f
yn umpa
ilhuigololo.
Inic yauicaya teuitualcoya, q. n. in teuitualoc.

3.
pilli,
Auia annotequiua
i.
e.,
Aquitlanella motonacayouh,
tlalloc.
teuatl ticmochiuilia in
q. n.,
4.
naualpilli, q. n. in tinoteuh naual-
motonacayouh.
teuatl ticmochiuilia
Ahuia cana
auh
q.
ft.,
Catlachtoquetl,
aquin timitzpinauia.
catella nechyapinauia, q.
pinauia ca monechuelmati.
locoatl aya,
in
ca nelli
q. n.,
n.,
catel nech-
Annotata ynoquacuillo oce-
yn notaua ioan yna quacuiloa yn
ocelo-
quacuili.
5.
Ahuia
calco,
id
tlallocana xiuacalco, q.
est,
ualquizque.
acxoyacalco.
q.
q.
n.,
tepeticpac.
Ay
poyauhtlan,
Ayauh
ayauh chicauaztica
Aua
umpa
n. }
y notauan
acatonal.
Ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya,
ximotecati.
7.
in tlalocan xiuh-
Ayaquizqui,
Aquamotla acatonalaya,
yn oquacuiloan
6.
n.,
q. n.,
in
xiuian
q. n.,
umpa poyauhtlan
chicauaztica ayauicalo tlalocana,
q.
;/.,
in auicalo tlalocan.
nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui,
q.
n.,
y nach
tozcuecuex y ye niauh niman ye choca.

8.
Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya,
q. n.,
quenamican y
ya niauh aco anechtemozque. Aniquiya ilhuiquetl

pilla niyayalizqui
pilli
ayaichocaya,
ye niyauh niman ye choca.
q. n. t
tetza-
onquilhui yn tetza-
HYMN OF
24
Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc,
9.
xiuhtica in topanecauiloz,
Ayoc
teizcaltiquetl, q.
Ahuia xiyanouia,
caya ay poyauhtla,
Ayauh
q.
;/.,
q.
?i.,
I,
mochiuaz.
quetzalcalla
?i.,
iniaxca inic oteizcalli.
Auia xiya mote-
xiuia.
umpa
q.
71.,
poyauhtla.
ayauh chicau-
tlallocan.
Hymn
of Tlaloc.
In Mexico the god appears; thy banner
directions,
is
unfolded
the god, have returned again, I have turned again to
day grows
made
with
old, I
Thy work
am
is
that of a noble magician
truly thou hast
thou hast made thyself, and
me
does not find himself well
affront thee ?
Truly he who affronts
me
when the
beheld as a god.
thyself to be of our flesh
who dare
4.
in
and no one weeps.
the place of abundance of blood-sacrifices; there
3.
nauh-
aocmo nomatia
u.,
ximotecati in
umpa
T/ie
2.
q.
chicauaztica auicallo tlalocan,
aztica in auicallo in
all
tepan
in
q. n. t
ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca.
q. .,
yaxcana
1.
est,
oximoac ye
Ca
motlapoalpan.
nepanauia,
10.
id
inomatia ay motlapoalli,
iniquin
Ay
TLALOC.
my
fathers took
by the head the
tigers
and the
serpents.
5.
In Tlalocan, in the verdant house, they play at
ball,
they cast the reeds.

6.
Go
forth,
go forth to where the clouds are spread abun-
dantly, where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.
7.
There with strong voice
I rise
up and cry aloud.
HYMN OF
Go
8.
25
TLALOC.
ye forth to seek me, seek for the words which
have
and cry aloud.
said, as I rise, a terrible one,
After four years they shall go forth, not to be known,
9.
not to be numbered, they shall descend to the beautiful house,

to unite together
10.
Go
forth,
and know the doctrine.
go forth
where the clouds are spread
to
abundantly, where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of

Tlaloc.
Notes.
The god Tlaloc shared with

place in the
Huitzilopochtli the
He
Mexican Pantheon.
highest
was the deity who pre-
sided over the waters, the rains, the thunder and the lightning.
The annual
honor took place about the time of
festival in his
corn -planting, and was intended to secure his favor for this
all-important crop.
Its details
are described at great length
by Diego Duran, Historia de Nueva Espana, cap.

Sahagun, Hisioria, Lib.
name
v. 5,
derived from
is
cap.
II.,
tlalli,
25,
and elsewhere.
and
His
Tlalocan, referred to in
earth.
"the place of Tlaloc," was
86,
the
name
of a mountain east
of Tenochtitlan, where the festival of the god was celebrated
but
it
had
also a mythical
meaning, equivalent to " the earthly
Paradise," the abode of happy souls.

It will
be observed that
word ayaidcalo
home
v.
10
is
a repetition of
refers to the ayauhcalli,
v. 6.
The
" house of mist," the
of the rain god, which Sahagun informs us was repre-
sented at the annual festival by four small buildings near the

water's
edge,
carefully disposed
to
face
the
four cardinal
points of the compass (Sahagun, ubi supra).
In
v.
8 the expression tetzauhpilli {tctzauhqui, to frighten)'

3
HYMN OF
26
may be
TLALOC.
explained by the figure of Tlaloc, whose statue, says
Duran, was that of un espantable monstruo, la cara muy fea

{ibid.').
The compound
in v. 10, nauhxiuhtica, "after four years,"
appears to refer to the souls of the departed brave ones, who,
according to Aztec mythology, passed to the heaven for four

years
and
after that returned to the terrestrial Paradise,
palace of Tlaloc.
(See
in Proceedings of the
Philadelphia, i88j.)
my
the
paper, The Journey of the Sou/,
Numismatic and Antiquarian
Society of
HYMN TO THE ALL-MOTHER.
27
IV. Teteuynan ycuic.

1.
Ahuiya cogauic
xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana
teumechaue moquigican tamoanchan, auayye, auayya,

yyao, yya, yyeo, aye ayo, ayy ayyaa.
2.
Cogauic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana, teume-
chaue, moquigica tamoanchan,
ouayye, auayya, yyao,
yya, yyeo, ayo aye, ayya, ayyaa.

3.
Ahuia
iztac xochitla,
teumechaue
oya cueponca yeua tonana
moquicica tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya,
yyao yya, yyeo, ayeaye, ayya ayyaa.

4.
Ahuiya
iztac xochitla
teumechaue moquigica
oya moxocha yeua tonana
tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya,
yyao, yya, yyeo, aye aye, ayya ayyaa.

5.
Ahuia ohoya
Ao, auatic ya
ica mozcaltizqui
7.
niloc
8.
paca tona aya, itzpa-
auayye, yyao, yya, yyeo, ayyaa.
palotli,
6.
teutl ca teucontli
itaca chicunauixtlauatla magatl yyollo,
tonan
Aho, ye yancuic
yn auicacopa
Aho
tlaltecutli,
tigatla
acatl
ayao, ayyao, ayyaa.
ye yancuic yuitla oya poto-
xamontoca.
magatl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco,
yeua xiuhnello, yeua mimichan.

Var.
7.
Xamantoca.
8.
Yehoa.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n. y in
tonan ocueponya
umpa
oalquiz
yn tamo-
anchan.
2.
Q.
n.,
in
amona
yn tmoanchan.
ca izcui
yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz
28
3.
Q.
n.
In tonan ocuepo in
4.
Q.
n.,
in
amona
iztac in
umpa
oquiz tamoanchan.
oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz
tamoanchan.
5.
Q.
n. t in
tonan ca teucumitl icpac
in
quiz yn itzpa-
palotl.
6.
calti
7.
Q.
in
.,
in mozcaltito
macatl y yollo y yeua tonan

Q.
auh
71.,
yancuic yn
8.
tonan ixtlauan
Q.
yuhqui
in
7i.,
moz-
yancuic
ticatl
ioan
auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl.
macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan
quic
inic
inic
tlaltecutli.
inic potoniloc, tonan,
iuitl,
auh
noitayan y yeuatl
inimich
ioan
in
xiuhnel.
Hymn
1.
Hail to our mother,
blossom,
forth
2.
to the
who
Mother of the Gods.
who caused
the yellow flowers to
scattered the seeds of the
maguey,
as she
came
from Paradise.
who poured
Hail to our mother,
dance,
who
forth flowers in abun-
scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she
came
forth from Paradise.

3.
Hail to our mother,
blossom, she
came
4.
forth
who
who caused
the yellow flowers to
scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she
from Paradise.
who poured
Hail to our mother,
forth white flowers in
abundance, who scattered the seeds of the maguey,
came
5.
as she
forth from Paradise.
Hail to the goddess
who
shines in the thorn bush like a
bright butterfly.
6.
Ho
she
is
our mother, goddess of the earth, she sup-

plies
29
food in the desert to the wild beasts, and causes them to
live.
Thus, thus, you see her to be an ever- fresh model of
7.
liberality
And
8.
toward
as
all flesh.
you see the goddess of the earth do
beasts, so also does she
to the wild
toward the green herbs and the
fishes.
Notes.
The goddess
Teteoina?i, the
nal ancestor),
to
whom
hymn
this
Mother of the Gods,

and
also
is
devoted was called
Toci, our
Mother (mater-
by another name which
Heart of the Earth," the
latter
signified
" the
being bestowed upon her, says
Duran, because she was believed to be the cause of earthquakes.

tility,
Her
general functions were those of a genius of fer-
extending both to the vegetable and the animal world.
Thus, she was the patroness of the native midwives and of
women
Her
in childbirth (Sahagun).
chief temple at Tepe-
yacac was one of the most renowned in ancient Mexico, and

it
was a
felicitous idea of the early missionaries to
Lady of Guadalupe " make her appearance on

site
have M Our
the immediate
of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of
The Codex Ramirez makes
worship of the older female deity.

her a daughter of the
1.
Ta?noanchan.
first
King of Culhuacan.
This word Sahagun translates " we seek
our homes," while the Codex Telleriano-Reme7isis gives the
more
intelligible rendering
descend," and adds that
" the place where the
" there
it is
is
their
they
synonymous with Xochitlycacan,
flowers are lifted."
Paradise of the Aztecs, the
home whither
Home
It
was the mystical
of the Gods, and the happy
HYMN TO THE
30
realm of departed
souls.
ALL-
MOTHER.
The Codex
just
quoted adds that
the gods were born there, which explains the introduction of
the
word
5.
For
into this
hymn.
teucontli (see Glossary) I should suggest teocomiil, a
species of ornament,
37-)
(cf.
Sahagun, Historia, Lib.
II., cap.
HYMN TO THE VIRGIN-MOTHER.

V. Chimalpanecatl
31
icuic loan tlaltecaua (nanotl).
Ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoaya,
1.
ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoa.
Coatepec tequiua, tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya
2.
quinelli moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui
moxayaual
teueuella.
Var. Title.
Tlaltecaoannanotl.
2.
Cohoatepechquiua.
Gloss.
Q.
1.
n.,
omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan
yautlatolli ipa
omixiuh, id
est.
in
ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli
y yauyutl.
Q.
2.
n. }
coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan
teueuel, id
ichimal
est,
ic
otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz
iniquac peualoque coatepec a iniquac

id
est,
cuecuechiuh,
iquac opopoliuhque.
Hymn
1.
otlalli
to
Chimalipan in Parturition.
Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the
adviser of battles
Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought
forth the adviser of battles.

2.
On
the Coatepec was her labor;
ripened into age
as
he became a
on the mountain he
man
truly the earth
was
shaken, even as he became a man.
Notes.
The goddess Chimalipan

ties at
my command
is
not mentioned by the authori-
but from the tenor of the
hymn
it
is
HYMN TO THE VIRGIN-MOTHER.
32
evident that the
name
is
Huitzilopochtli,
who
is
Yautlatoani (see ante,
p.
synonym
for the virgin
distinctly referred
to
mother of
by
his
title
In the myth, she dwelt upon
18).
the Coatepetl, the Serpent Mountain, on the site of Tulan.
For a
* <
full
Were
discussion of this
the Toltecs
an
myth
refer to
Histoi'ic Nationality
?"
my
inquiry,
in Proceedings
of the Amer. Phil. Soc. for Sept. 1887, and American Hero-
Myths, chap.
The Gloss
pochtli
is
11.
(Phila., 1881).
distinctly states that the
referred to in the
hymn.
We
mother of Huitzilomust regard Chima-
lipan therefore as identical with Chi?nalman, who, according

to
another myth dwelt in Tula as a virgin, and was divinely
impregnated by the descending
spirit
of the All-father in the
shape of a bunch of feathers.

In other myths she
is
mentioned
as also
the mother of
the Huitznahua, the enemies and the brothers of Huitzilopochtli, referred to in the second of this collection of chants.
HYMN TO THE GOD OF

VI. Ixcogauhqui
33
FIRE.
icuic.
Huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya
i.
tetemoca ye namech maya pinauhtiz.
auhtiz,
Xonca mecatla notecua
2.
yocan
pin-
iccotl
mimilcatoc chicue-
naualcalli nauali temoquetlaya.
Huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya tzonimolco
3.
cuicotipeuhque, aya iztleica naual moquizcauia, iztlauan
naual moquizca.
Huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia, oya
4.
tonaqui, oya tonaqui maceualli,

5.
maya temacouiya.
Huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayou-
ica mocuiltonoaci tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli.
Huiya
6.
ciuatontla xatenonotza, ayyauhcalcatl qui-
yauatla, xatenonotza.
Var.
Xoncan mecatlan notechoan.
2.
lauan).
Iztleica (for izt-
3.
la ayiauhcalcatl.
6.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n.,
yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz
nachcan nochan tetemoan, ye nemechpinauhtiz.

2.
Q.
n. t
yn mecatla amo tecuhuan
mimilcatoc ueyaquixtoc
iccotl
uncan
in
in
oncan
temoc
in
iccotl
chicue-
yocan.
3.
Q.
n.,
yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzon-
molco macuico otipeuhque

tleica
4.
yn
Q.
tleica
in
amo
anualquica
ayaualquic^..
n. }
yn tzonmolco otonac auh
in
omaceualhoan
xinechinacaqui notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan.
HYMN TO THE GOD OF
34
Q.
5.
yn
n.,
FIRE.
tzomolco ca ye cauani
cuicatl
in aic
necu-
yeua moteicnelil ca mau-
iltonollo netotilo in tetecuti

iztic.
Q.
6.
id
calcatl,
yn
n.,
est,
ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat

in ticiuatontli xitenonotza.
Hymn
ancestors
by
3.
Why
it I,
does he not
rise
Let his subjects
let
me not put to shame my

me not put you to shame.
may descend
why does
in eight folds,
to the magical house.
Flames
in the Hall of
it
begin your song
the magician not
come forth
up ?
assist in the
Hall of Flames
he appears,
let his subjects assist.
Let the servants never cease the song in the Hall of
Flames
6.
a magician,
Hall of Flames;
he appears,
5.
let
a rope to the sacred tree, I twist
Begin your song
in the
4.
Ixcogauhqui.
descending there,
I fasten
2.
that
to
In the Hall of Flames
1.
ayauh-
let
them
rejoice greatly, let
woman
Call ye for the
the mist
and the
them dance wonderfully.
with abundant hair, whose care
is
rain, call ye for her.
Notes.
Ixcocauhqui, "the Yellow Faced," was the Mexican
Torquemada
of Fire.
"Lord
of Fire,"
gives
as
his
synonyms
identifies
him with the Sun-god
Sahagun describes
Xiuhtecutli,
and Huehueteotl, "the Ancient
{Monarquia Indiana, Lib. VI., cap.
his
and gives another of
annual
his
{/did.,
28).
God
God"
Elsewhere he
Lib. XIV., cap. 4).
festival {Hist., Lib. II., cap. 38),
names, Cuecaltzin, a reverential form
of cuezalotl, flame {Hist., Lib.
I.,
cap. 13).
HYMN TO THE GOD OF
35
FIRE.
hymn was
the
sixty-fourth edifice in the great temple of Tenochtitlan,
and
was devoted to the worship of Ixcocauhqui (Sahagun).
The
The
word
tzonmolco so often referred to in this
literally
means " the place of spreading hairs," the rays
or ornaments spreading from the head of the statue of the god

representing flames (Sahagun).
The
reference in v. 6 seems to be to one of the
were sacrificed
App.).
at the festival, as related
women who
by Sahagun (Lib.
II.,
HYMN OF
36
MIXCOATL.
VII. Mimixcoa
1.
icidc.
Chicomoztoc quinexaqui, gani aueponi,
gani,
gani,
teyomi.
2.
Tziuactitlan quinexaqui, gani a aueponi, gani, gani,
teyomi.
3.
Oya
nitemoc, oya nitemoc, aya ica nitemoc notzi-
uaquimiuh, aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh.

4.
Oya
nitemoc, oya nitemoc, ayayca nitemoc nomatl-
auacal.
5.
Ni quimacui,
ni
quimacui, yuaya niquimacui, niqui-
macui, yuanya ayo macuiui.

6.
Tlachtli icpacaya, uel incuicaya, quetzalcuxcuxaya,
quinanquilia ginteutla, aay.

Var.
1.
Quinehoaqui.
2.
Quineuaqui.
6.
Ipac.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
7Z.,
chicomoztoc oniualleuac gani aueponi,
ichi-
chimecatlatol, gani aueponi, gani, gani teyomi.

2.
Q.
?t.,
tziuactli in itlan
oniualleuac gani aueponi,
gani, gani teyomi.

3.
Oya
nitemoc,
q. n. }
onitemoc
onitlacatl ipan ynotzi-
uacmiuh; onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh ga niman ipan

nitlacat ynotlauitol
4.
Q.
n.,
niman ipan
5.
onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal ga

nitlacat.
yacatlatol.
mecatlatol.
ynomiuh.
Yc
a a inya in chichimeca in chichi-
HYMN OF
6.
Q.
n.,
yn
come
of Mixcoatl.
from Chicomoztoc, only to you,
forth
my
friends,
my
friends,
honored ones.
to you,
2.
uncan ticuio
in quetzalcocox.
Hymn
I
37
tlatagica tictecazque totlach
azque noyehuatl
i.
MIXCOATL.
come
forth
from Tziuactitlan, only
to
you
only to you honored ones.

3.
sought, I sought, in
pack; in
4.
directions
all
sought,
sought with
sought, in
directions
all
all
my
my
sought with
pack.
directions
my
sought with
traveling net.
5.
them
6.
took them in hand,
in
hand
yes, I
yes, I
took
took them in hand.
In the ball ground
quetzal bird
took them in hand
sang well and strong, like to the
answered back to the god.
Notes.
" The Chichimecs," says Sahagun (Hist., Lib. VI., cap.
" worshipped only one god,
called Mixcoatl."
7),
The Anales
de Cuanhtitlan speaks of Mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the

ancient Nahuas from their primitive
land of the Seven Caves.
above hymn.
This
is
home Chicomoztoc,
what
is
referred to in the
In later times Mixcoatl became god of hunting
and of the tornado, and

Tzihuactitlan,
his
worship extended to the Otomis.
" the land of the tzihuac bushes,"
have not
found mentioned by any of the Spanish authorities, but
named
in
the
it
is
connection with Chicomoztoc in an ancient war-
song given in
my
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, pp. 88 and 140.
HYMN OF
38
The hymn appears
to
MIXCOATL.
be in memory of the leadership of
Mixcoatl in conducting the ancestors of the Nahua on their

long wanderings after leaving their pristine
be read
in
seats.
It
should
connection with the earlier pages of the Annals of
Cuauhtitlan.
The
reduplicated form of the name, Mimixcoatl,
found elsewhere, and appears to be a poetic license.
is
not
HYMN TO THE GOD OF FLOWERS.

VIII. Xochipilli
1.
Ye
39
icuic.
cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo, ye cuicaya ye
quetzalcoxcuxa yoaltica tlao cinteutla, oay.
an quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue, oqui-
2.
caquiz nocuica in cipactonalla

3.
atilili,
Ayao, ayao, ayao, ayao,
ouayya.
ay tlalocan
nitlanauati
tlamacazque, ayao, ayao, ayao.

4.
Ayao, ayao, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque
nitlanauati,
aya, ayao, ayyao.

5.
Ao cani
uallagic, otli nepaniuia, cani cjnteutla
ye noyaz, campa
6.
otli
campa
nicyatoca 9a oay.
Ayao, aya, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque, quiauiteteu,
ayyao, aya, ayao.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
ca otonac, ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica
n.,
centeotl in quetzalcocox.
2.
Q.
macaco
n.,
in tocuic
ynican maquicaquican yn
nican tlaca.
3.
niauh
4.
Q.
in
Q.
in
n.,
tlaloque tlamacazque
niquinnauatia ye
nochan.
yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye
n. }
niauh in nochan.
5.
Q.
n.,
ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca
catli
ye nictocaz
utli.
6.
Q.
n. y
yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque
yn anteteuh.
catli
nictocaz
40
Hymn
i.
friends,
to Xochipilli.
the quetzal bird sings,
sings
it
song at
its
midnight to Cinteotl.
2.
my
The god
song
my
song by night, he
will
hear
to break.
send forth the priests to the house of Tlaloc.
4.
The
5.
I shall
6.
day begins
as the
3.
where
will surely hear
priests to the
go
house of Tlaloc do
send forth.
myself unto them,
forth, I shall join
I shall
go
Cinteotl, I shall follow the path to him.
is
The
priests
go forth
to the
house of Tlaloc, to the
home
of the gods of the plain.

Notes.
Xochipilli,
chitly
"
"lord of flowers," otherwise named Macuilxo-
five flowers
the deity
is
name of a
who gave and protected
of the gods of
Tlaloc,
" (the
god of
fertility
rains,
all
small odorous plant), was
and production, he was associated with
and Cinteotl, god of maize.
described in Sahagun (Historia, Lib.

2.
Cifiactonalla,
Cipactonal,
the
As one
flowering plants.
from
reputed
cipactli,
and
I.,
His
cap. 14).
tonalli,
may
discoverer of the Aztec
See Sahagun, Historia, Lib. IV., cap.
1.
festival
refer
to
calendar.
HYMN TO THE GODDESS OF

IX. Xochiquetzal
Atlayauican
i.
icuic.
tlacya niuitza
xochiquetzalli
ni
41
ARTISTS.
ya
motencaliuan tamoanchan oay.

2.
Ye
quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo qui-
yatemoaya ye xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa

Var.
2.
niaz, oay.
Icotochiquetzalla.
Gloss.
i.
Q.
n.,
ompa
niuitz ynixochiquetzal
2.
Q.
n.,
choca
piltzintecutli
xoyauia no
umpa
xochiquetzal
Xochiquetzal.
to
Xochiquetzal, go forth willingly to the dancing place
I,
by the water, going

2.
in
niaz.
Hymn
i.
quitemoa
tamoanchan.
Ye noble
quetzal,
go
forth to the houses in
who
youths, ye priests
forth there
where
am
Tamoanchan.
wept, seeking Xochi-
going.
Notes.
Xochiquetzal, ''plumage of flowers," was the deity of the
artists,
the painters, weavers, engravers
goldsmiths, and of
all
was that of a young
who
sis
she
is
assigned as
Itzpapalotl, literally
dealt in fine colors.
woman
(Duran, Historia, cap. 94).
on metal,
Her
and
figure
with gay garments and jewelry

In the Codex Telleriano-Remen-
synonyms
Ichpochtli, the Virgin,
"the obsidian
butterfly," but
probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her
On Tamoanchan
silver
see notes to
Hymn
IV.
and
which was
idol.
42
The term
atlayauican, which
ARTISTS.
have translated " the dancing
place by the water," appears to refer to the "jar dance,"

baile de las jicaras,
goddess, in the
was executed
which took place
month of October.
at a spot
pollution.
Duran informs
by the shore of the
bathing was carried on at the same
were considered
at the festival of the
to cleanse
from
lake.
festival,
us this
Ceremonial
and these baths
sin, as well as
from physical
HYMN TO THE GOD OF

X. Amimitl
Cotiuana, cotiuana,
1.
cali
43
FISHING.
iciiic.
totoch
maca huiya
yyali-
manico, oquixanimanico, tlacochcalico, oua, yya yya,

matonicaya, matonicalico, oua yya yo, cana, gana, ayoueca
niuia,
gana canoya, ueca niuia, yya, yya, yyeuaya, gana,
gana,
yeueua
2.
Ye
niuia.
nauh
necuiliyaya, niuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca
niuahuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh.

3.
tzini,
4.
Tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, tlaixtotoca ye ca nauh-
ayoaya, yoaya, ye ca nauhtzini.
Aueya
itzipana nomauilia,
aueya itzipana nomauilia,
aueya itzipana nomauilia.

Var.
1.
Manca.
Matinicaya.
Gloss.
In amimitl icuic
amo
yuh mitoa
to
Amimitl.
Join together your hands in the house, take hands in the
sequent course,
for this
have
Yes,
let
them spread
forth, spread forth in the hall
Join hands, join hands in the house, for
of arrows.
2.
chichimeca cuic
uel caquizti in quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa.
Hymn
1.
in ueli
come, have
this,
come.
have come, bringing four with me, yes
have
come, four being with me.

3.
Four noble ones, carefully selected, four noble ones,
carefully selected, yes, four noble ones.

4.
They
personally appear before his face, they personally
appear before his face, they personally appear before
his face.
HYMN TO THE GOD OF
44
FISHING.
Notes.
The
brief Gloss to this
Hymn
Chichimec origin and that

Nahuatl.
Its
language
is
it
states that
it
is
of ancient
cannot well be rendered
exceedingly obscure, but
it
is
in
evi-
dently a dancing song.
Amimitl, " the water-arrow," or " fish-spear," was, according to Torquemada, especially worshipped at Cuitlahuac.
was god of
fishing,
and
He
visited the subjects of his displeasure
with diseases of a dropsical or watery character {Monarquia
On
Indiana, Lib. VI., cap. 29).
grounds Clavigero
identifies
slender and questionable
him with Opochtli,
the
god of
net makers and fishers with nets (JStoria Antica del Messico,
Tom.
The
II., p.
20).
four noble ones referred to in vv. 3
refer to those characters in the
and 4 probably
Mexican sacred dances called
" the four auroras," four actors clothed respectively

green, yellow and red robes.
cap. 87.
in white,
See Diego Duran, Htstoria,
HYMN OF THE OTOMI LEADER.

XI.
1.
Otonteciitli
45
iciiic.
Onoalico, onoalico, pomaya, yyaya, ayyo, ayyo, aya,
aya, ayyo.
2.
Chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico,
quauinochitla, cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini.

3.
Ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi,
ni
quetzallicoatli
aya
cuecuexi.
ya
4.
Cane ca ya
5.
Otomico, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya
itziueponi, cane ca
itziueponi.
yauilili,
noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya.

6.
aco,
chimalli aya, xa, xauino quiyauilili, noyoco, nau-
mexicame
ya.
Var.
2.
Hymm
Nonoualco.
of Oiontecutli.
Oho
Oho
1.
At Nonoalco he
2.
In the pine woods he prepares your destruction at Nono-
alco, in the tuna
rules, at
Nonoalco,
woods, in the cacao woods he prepares your
destruction.
3.
I,
dweller in the palace, shook them
I,
Quetzalcoatl,
shook them.
4.
There was a splendor of
5.
With my
captain, with
Mexicans were put to

courage, with
6.
with
my
flight
spears, a splendor of spears.
my
;
courage, with
my
skill,
the
even the Mexicans, with
my
skill.
Go forth, ye shield bearers,

my courage, with my skill.
put the Mexicans to flight
HYMN OF THE OTOMI LEADER.
46
Notes.
The absence of
of a translation.
rais,
a Gloss to this
hymn adds
Otontecutli was the chief deity of the Oto-
and the chant appears to be one of
their conflict with the Azteca.

ofo??iitI,
an Otomi, and
referred to
by Sahagun
cestors of the
to the difficulty
The name
tecutli, ruler
as
Otomis."
" the
their
first
is
or lord.
ruler to
war songs
in
compound of
He
is
slightly
govern the an-
(Hisloria, Lib. X, cap. 29, sec. 5.)
HYMN TO THE GODDESS OF CHILDBIRTH.

XII. Ayopechtli
1.
Cane cana
47
icuic.
ichan, ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixi-
uhtoc.
2.
Cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixi-
uhtoc, cane ichan chacayoticaya.

3.
Xiualmeuayauia, xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuixiualmeuaya.
pilla,
4.
Auiya xiualmeuaya, ueya,
xiua, xiualmeuaya, coz-
xiualmeuaya.
capilla
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n.,
in
oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui
tlacatilia in cuzcatl quetzalli.

2.
Cane cana
oncan
ichan,
q. n. f in
oncan ichan ayopechcatl
quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli
oncan yoliua,
tla-
catiua.
3.
Q.
n.,
ximeua, ximeua,
in tipiltzintli
xiualmeua
in
quinotitlacat tipiltzintli.
4.
Q.
catl, in
n. }
ti
xiualmeua, xiualmeua, in
ti
cuz-
quetzalli.
Hymn
1.
tipiltzintli in
to
Ayopechcatl.
Truly in whatever house there
is
a lying-in, Ayopechcatl
is
a lying-in, Ayopechcatl
takes charge of the child.

2.
Truly
in
whatever house there
takes charge of the child, there where
it
is
weeping
in the
house.
3.
Come
along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you new
comer, come along and cry out.
48
4.
Come
CHILDBIRTH.
along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you
little
jewel, cry out.
Notes.
The name
divinities
at
of Ayopechcatl
does not appear
named by Sahagun, Duran
my command.
Her name
among
the
or the other authorities
indicates her function as the
goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus, and the above
hymn
establishes her claim to a place in the
Aztec pantheon.
HYMN TO THE MOTHER OF MORTALS.

XIII.
Quaui, quaui,
1.
Ciuacoatl
49
iciiic.
xayaualoc uiuiya
quilaztla, coaeztica
quauiuitl uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa.
Huiya
2.
tonaca,
motlaquechizca.
aztica,
Uitztla, uitztla,
3.
acxolma centla teumilco chicau-
nomactemi,
uitztla, uitztla
nomac-
temi, agan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.
Malinalla nomactemi, agan teumilco
4.
chicauaztica
motlaquechizca.
5.
omei quauhtli, ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay
y mauiztla nechyatetemilli, yeua nopiltzinaya mix-
tziuac
coatla.
Ya
6.
tonani, yaugiuatzin, aya tonan yauciuatzi aya
maca coliuacan y yuitla y potocaya.

7. Ahuiya ye tonaquetli, yautlatocaya, ahuiya ye
quetli yautlatocaya
maca
8.
amo
coliuaca
Ahuia
tona-
moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y
yuitla
quauiuitl
y potocaya.
amo
xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl
xayaualli.
Var.
1.
Cohoaeztica.
2.
Acxoima.
7.
Maneuila, cenpoali-
huiz, in maca.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n. y in
quauhcihuatl,
in quauhtli yhuitli in
icoc
2.
ic
oxaualoc
in coaetztli, ioan
moteneua iquauhtzon, ipan
iualu-
yn umpa colhuacan.
Q.
n.,
inic
motocaya
gentli, in
mochiuaya teumilpa,
ichicauaztica inic tlatatacaya, inic tocaya.
HYMN TO THE MOTHER OF
50
Uitztla, q.
3.
MORTALS.
nomactemi nochicauaztica
11.,
inic
nito-
caya, inic nitlatatacaya.

Malinalla, uictli,
4.
iceliniquia,
q.
11.,
uictica in tlachpanaya, id
yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica
est,
inic
nitlatatacaya, inic tocaya.
Q.
5.
11.,
matlactli
omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona
auh ynan nopilhoan
chalmeca
in
in
xicuiti
tziuactli
xinechtemilica.
Q.
6.
11.,
in iyauciuatzin
yn amona umpa nochan
in
coluaca auh in quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac.

Q.
7.
tlamalo
11.,
temaca
in quauiuitl.
aahuia yn otlamaloc
Hymn
1.
momochiua yauyutl ma
ca otonac ca otlatuic
tlalpiliuiz nic
Q.
8.
11.,
Quilaztli,
yc moxaua.
in quauiuitl
to Cihuacoatl.
plumed with eagle
feathers, with the crest of
painted with serpents' blood, comes with her hoe,
eagles,
beating her drum, from Colhuacan.

2.
She alone, who
shrubs,
3.
is
our
strong to support
flesh,
goddess of the
support
full,
fields
and
us.
With the hoe, with the hoe, with hands
hoe, with hands
4.
is
full,
the goddess of the fields
is
with the
strong to
us.
With a broom
in her
hands the goddess of the
fields
strongly supports us.

5.
Our mother
filling
6.
is
as twelve eagles,
the fields of tzioac
She
is
goddess of drum -beating,
and maguey
like
our lord Mixcoatl.
our mother, a goddess of war, our mother, a
HYMN TO THE MOTHER OF
MORTALS.
51
goddess of war, an example and a companion from the home

of our ancestors (Colhuacan).
7.
She comes
protects us in
appears
forth, she
war that we
shall not
when war
is
waged, she
be destroyed, an example
and companion from the home of our ancestors.

8.
She comes adorned
crest, in the
in the ancient
manner with the
eagle
ancient manner with the eagle crest.
Notes.
Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the
Her name,
rendered
myth
generally translated "serpent
"woman
was her
woman," should be
fertility that
she always bore
(Torquemada, Monarquia
one lying-in.
at
She was also known by the
Indiana, Lib. VI., cap. 31.)
Tonan or Tonantzin, "our mother,"
as in v. 5
another of her appellations was Quilaztli, which

in
v.
She was essentially a goddess of
The name
ci/iuacoall
is
Reference
is
made
antiquity, she
is
place of the old
fertility
6.
title
Still
given her
cap.
27.)
and reproduction.
was also applied to one of the higher
magistrates and war chiefs
in
the Aztec
to this in v. 6.
As
army (Sahagun).
a goddess of venerable
spoken of as coming from Colhuacan, "the
men," or of the ancestors of
name
is
colli,
an old man.
172-3O
and
(Comp. Sahagun, HistoiHa, Lib. VI.,
1.
race.
of twins" or "bearing twins," as the
related that such
two children
human
the tribe.
This
derived from coloa, to bend down, as an aged person,

(See
my
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, pp.
3"7o^
HYMN AT A
52
XIV.
Izcatqid
yn
FAST.
cuicatl chicuexiuhtica
meuaya iniquac
atamalqiialoya.
Xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle, oaya,
1.
oouayaye.
2.
Yecoc ye tonan, yecoc ye
teutl tlacolteutla, oaya,
ooayaya.
Otlacatqui centeutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani.
3.
fey
xochitli yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue,
tilili
yao,
ayaue, oayyaue.
Otlacatqui centeutl,
4.
atl,
yayaui cani tlaca pillachiu-
aloya chalchimichuacan, yyao, yantala, yatanta, a yyao,
ayyaue
tilili
Oya
5.
yao, ayyaue, oayyaue.
tlatonazqui
tlauizcalleuaya
inan
tlachinaya
nepapan quechol, xochitlacacan y yantala, yantata, ayyao,

ayyaue, tilili yao, ayyaue, oayyayaue.
6.
Tlalpa timoquetzca, tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla, ni
quetzalcoatla, yyao, yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue,
tilili
yao ayyaue, oayyayue.

7.
Ma
ya auiallo xochinquauitl
ma ya
cholli
in quecholli
itlani
nepapan que-
xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh,
xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol amach yeua tonicauh

pitza
8.
amach ychan
Aye
tlacaluaz, ouao.
oho, yyayya,
9a miquiyecauiz
ga noxocha
tonaca xochitli ye izqui xochitla, xochitlicacan, yyaa.

9.
tla-
Ollama, ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic, ollama ya
xolutl chalchiuecatl xiquitta

tecutli
yoanchan, yoanchan.
mach, oya moteca
piltzin-
HYMN AT A
Piltzintle, piltzintle tociuitica
10.
timotlalli
53
FAST.
timopotonia tlachco,
yoanchan, yoanchan.
n. Oztomecatla yyaue, oztomecatla xochiquetzal
mama,
ontlatca cholola, ayye, ayyo, oye
maui noyol, aoya yecoc
qui-
maui noyol, oye
centeutl, matiuia obispo, ozto-
chacalhoa, xiuhnacochtla, yteamic ximaquiztla
mecatl
yteamico, ayye, ayye.
Cochina, cochina, cocochi ye nicmaololo, ni cani
12.
ye
cochina yyeo, ouayeo, yho, yya, yya.
ciuatl ni
Var.
qui.
Qenteuteutl.
3.
Tlapan.
6.
4.
Timotlalia.
10.
Oya
tonaz-
11. Suchiquetzal.
Ont-
Uillachiualoia.
5.
latoa cholollan.
This
the
is
Hymn
which they sang every eight years when they
fasted on bread and water.

1.
The
flower in
my
heart blossoms and spreads abroad in
the middle of the night.

2.
Tonan
has satisfied her passion, the goddess Tlazolteotl
has satisfied her passion.

3.
I,
Cinteotl, was born in Paradise, I
of flowers.
4.
am
come from
the place
the only flower, the new, the glorious one.
Cinteotl was born from the water
mortal, as a youth, from the cerulean
he came born as a
home
of the
fishes,
new, a glorious god.

5.
He
shone forth as the sun
his
mother dwelt
in the
house
of the dawn, varied in hue as the quechol bird, a new, a

glorious flower.
;
;
HYMN AT A
54
6.
came
on the
forth
a mortal, even
quetzal bird
listen to the singing
like
the flower-bush varied in hue as the
gods
the
to
of the quechol along the river
hear
its
along the river in the house of the reeds.
flute
Alas
8.
our
market place
the quechol singing
to
listen
earth, even to the
Quetzalcoatl, great and glorious.
I,
Be ye happy under
7.
FAST.
would
flesh is as flowers,
He
9.
lous skill
my
that
flowers
would cease from dying
even as flowers
in the place of flowers.
plays at ball, he plays at ball, the servant of marvel;
he plays
at ball, the precious servant
look at him
even the ruler of the nobles follows him to his house.

10.
ancestors
youths
;
make
youths
follow
yourselves equal to
example of your
the
them
count
in the ball
establish yourselves in your houses.
n. She goes
mart
startles
to the mart, they carry Xochiquetzal to the
she speaks at Cholula
my
in the place of
sell
green jade earrings she
wonders she
is
Sleep, sleep, sleep,
woman,
my
she startles
heart; she has not finished, the priest
where the merchants
12.
heart
she
knows her;
is
to
be seen,
to be seen.
fold
my
hands
to
sleep,
I,
sleep.
Notes.
In default of a Gloss to this hymn, the indispensable Saha-
gun again comes

to the
to our aid.
second book of
He
informs us in the Appendix
his Hisioria that
"
When
the Indians
celebrated the festival called atamalqualiztli, which took place
every eight years, certain natives called Mazateca swallowed

living serpents
and
frogs,
pense for their daring."

pose of the
festival,
and
and received garments
We
its
as a
recom-
are not informed as to the pur-
name, which
signifies
"eating
HYMN AT A
bread made with water,"
is
55
FAST.
merely that of one of the regular
systems of fasting in vogue in ancient Mexico.
The song
Lib. III., cap. 8.)

tion calling
before us appears to be a recita-
on a number of the Nahua
" The flower
i.
in
my
(See Sahagun,
heart "
is
divinities.
a metaphorical expression
for song.
Tonan,
2.
"Our Mother";
lascivious love,
have
its
the goddess of
Tlazolteotl,
The verb yecoa appears
Venus impudica.
to
early signification, expressing carnal connection.
3.
Centeotl,
8.
The
god of maize and
fertility.
flowers referred to are the youths
and maidens who
die young.
9.
The house
11.
This verse
of the ball player

is
is
very obscure and
the tomb.
is
obviously corrupt.
contains the only Spanish word in the text of these

obispo
word including two
letters,
and
s,
It
hymns
not in the
Nahuatl alphabet.
12.
The woman
referred to
is
Xochiquetzal.
See
Hymn
IX.
HYMN TO A
56
XV. Xippe
1.
Yoalli
NIGHT-GOD.
yoallanana.
icuic, Totec,
tlauana,
iztleican
mitlatia teocuitlaquemitl,
nimonenequia
xiyaqui
xicmoquenti quetlauia.
Noteua chalchimamatlaco, apana, y temoya ay

quetzallaueuetl, ay quetzalxiuicoatl, nechiya iqui noca2.
uhquetl, ouiya.
3.
Maniyauia, nia nia poliuiz,
noyollo,
ateucuitlatl
ni
yoatzin achalchiuhtla
noyolceuizqui
nocoyaitaz,
tlacatl
achtoquetl tlaquauaya, otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya.

4.
Noteua ce
conoa y yoatzin mote-
in tlaco xayailiuiz
peyocpa mitzualitta moteua, noyolceuizquin
ach-
tlacatl
toquetl tlaquauaya, otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl, ouiya.
Var.
Quetloujia.
1.
pana itemoia.
2.
Noteuhoa chalchimmama
Achalchiuhtla.
3.
4.
tlacoa-
Centlaco, mitzualitla.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
yn
;/.,
monequi
in
yoallauana,
ti
timocuma,
ti
xipe, totec, tleica in
in timotlatia, id
quiauiteocuitlaquemitl, xicmoquenti,
ualauh yn
2.
Q.
n. 7
yn
ti
noteuh, otemoc in mauhouallayn
ye xopantla.
cauhquetl, id
3.
Q.
n.,
q. n.,
amo
ma quiaui, ma
tleica in
atl.
ay quetzalla ueuetl, id
ouia,
est,
ti
est,
Ay
est,
mauh;
ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxox-
quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no
ca ye otechcauh yn mayanaliztli.
ma mauh, ma
nipoliui
yn
ni yoatzin, id
catleuatl,
yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo.
coyaitaz,
q. n., in
catleuatl
est,
A teocuitlatl
in
no-
achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz.
PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTF.C, DRINKING
AND PLAYING ON A DRUM.
HYMN XV
HYMN TO A NIGHT-GOD.
Q.
4.
yn oteuh cequi
n. y
57
tlatlacotyan in
mochiua
in-
itonacayouh, auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua
mochi
tlacatl
achto mitzualmaca, auh iniquac ye omochi-
mochiuh occeppa nomochi
mitzualmaca yn moto-
tlacatl
nacayuh.
Hymn
The
1.
of the High Priest of Xipe To tec.
why
nightly drinking,
and array yourselves
forth
Go
should I oppose it?
the golden garments, clothe
in
yourselves in the glittering vestments.

2.
My
god descended upon the water, into the
glistening surface
beautiful
he was as a lovely water cypress, as a
beauteous green serpent
now
have
left
me my
behind
suffering.
3.
soul
is
I shall
go
go forth about
forth, I
in the cerulean
water
appear unto mortals
to destroy, I, Yoatzin
am
my
seen in the golden water
strengthen them for the
I shall
words of war
4.
My
god appears
as a mortal
upon the mountains;
shall
Yoatzin, thou art seen
appear unto mortals;
shall
strengthen them for the words of war.
Notes.
There
is
slight
He
Spanish writers.
smiths,
and
Historic*, cap.
zalcoatl,
5
was the patron divinity of the
his festival,
was celebrated
21, etc.)
mention of the deity Xipe Totec
in the
is
silver-
attended with peculiarly bloody
first
month of
87; Sahagun, Lib.
Totec
in the
named
as
I.,
the calendar.
cap.
rites,
(Duran,
18, Lib. II., cap.
one of the companions of Quet-
and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the
HYMN TO A NIGHT-GOD.
58
Tzatzitepec (see the Codex Vaticanus, Tab. XII. , in Kings-
borough's Mexico).
"the nocturnal
His high
tippler' '
priest
(youa/li,
drink to slight intoxication), and

the hearts of the
thet Yoatzin,
human
it
was called Youallauan,

night,
and tlauana,
was
duty to tear out
his
victims (Sahagun, u.
"noble night-god,"
celebration of his rites at night.
bears
some
s.).
The
to
epi-
relation to the
CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DKINK.
HYMN
XVI.

XVI.
Chicomecoatl
iciiic.
Chicomollotzin xayameua, ximigotica
1.
titech icnocauazqui tiyauia
mochan
aca
tona
tlallocan nouia.
Xayameua ximigotica aca tonan

tiyauian mochan tlallocan nouiya.
2.
Var.
59
FOOD.
titech icnocauazqui
Xaia mehoa.
i.
Gloss.
Q.
1.
n.,
yn
ti
chicomolotl, id
xixoa, ca otimouicaya in
xic,a,
Q.
2.
n. y
xayameua, id
otimouicaya
in
est,
in
mochan
tlallocan.
ximeua, xixua, xica, ca
est,
mochantzinco
ximeua,
centli
ti
in tlallocan ca
yuhquin
ti
tonatzon.
Hymn
i.
to Chicomecoatl.
noble Chicomolotl,
arise,
awake, leave us not unpro-
on the way, conduct us to the home of Tlaloc.
tected
Arise, awake, leave us not unprotected
2.
duct us to the
home
on the way, con-
of Tlaloc.
Notes.
The goddess Chicomecoatl, "seven
who
she
is
presided over food and drink.

is
referred to as Chicomolotl,
spoken of
as a
guests," was the deity
Hence
"seven
in the
first
verse
ears of corn,"
guide to Tlalocan, or the
home
and
of abun-
dance.
Father Duran,
who
(Hlstoria, cap. 92),
gives a long chapter
translates her
on
this
name "serpent
heads," and adds that she was also called
goddess
of seven
Chalciucihuatl,
60
"Lady
FOOD.
of the Emerald," and Xilonen, "goddess of the ten-
der ears of maize.
'
'
Every kind of seed and vegetable which
served for food was under her guardianship, and hence her
festival,
held about the middle of September, was particularly
solemn.
years old.
Her
statue represented her as a girl of about twelve
TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS.
HYMN
XVII.
HYMN TO THE GODS OF

XVII.
WINE.
61
Totochtin incitic Tezcatzoncatl.
Yyaha, yya yya, yya ayya, ayya ouiya, ayya yya,
1.
ayya yya, yyauiyya, ayya ayya, yya ayya, yya yya yye.
Coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl
2.
yya
ichana,
ayya,
yyayyo.
Tezcatzonco tecpan
3.
Auia axalaco
macayui, macayui
Var.
3.
auia,
macoc yye chocaya.
macaiui, macayui teutl,

4.
macoc ye chocaya,
teutl,
tecpanteutl,
macoc yye chocaya,
macoc yye chocaya.
teutl,
Tezcatzoncatl tepan.
Axalaca.
4.
Gloss.
1.
2.
Coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana,
tlauelcuic, tlauelcuica.
est, octli
ompa
ichan ni colhoacan.
q.
11.,
in tlacatl, id
Mauizpa,
q. n.,
tema-
mauhtican.
Tezcatzonco tecpanteutl,
3.
q. n.,
ye choca
teutl tezcatzonco tecpan, id est, octli.
Macaiui
in teutl.
id
est, octli,
4.
Ye
in
teutl, q. n.,
tecpanteutl,
choca yn omacoc, id
est,
omacoc, macamo omaco
Hymn
Alas
2.
In the
thing.
omacoc
Quimonacayotia
macamo omatoni
in teutl,
ye choca cayamo ynemac.
Aia axalaco
1.
in
alas
to
alas
q. n.,
axala in tecpanteutl.
octli axalatecpan,
ni
ye choca
ye choca cayamo ynemac.
Tezcatzoncatl Totochtin.
alas
home of our
alas
alas
ancestors this creature was a fearful
HYMN TO THE GODS OF
62
3.
In the temple of Tezcatzoncatl he aids those
him, he gives them to drink
who
4.
call
WINE.
the
god
who
cry to
gives to drink to those
cry to him.
In the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those
upon him, he gives them
to drink
the
god
who
aids those
who cry unto him.

Notes.
Tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating liquor, the pulque.
disastrous, as
is
"he who hangs

people."
Its effects
were recognized
people," and Teatlahuiani " he

y
first
who drowns
Sahagun remarks, " They always regarded the
plural of tochtli, rabbit,
The
most
seen from his other names, Tequechmecaniani,
pulque as a bad and dangerous article."
some of the
as
The word
Totochtin,
was applied to drunkards, and
also to
deities of special forms of drunkenness.
verse
is
merely a
second speaks of the sad
(On Colhuacan
effects
see Notes to
series
of lamentations.
The
of the pulque in ancient times.
Hymn
XIII.)
ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING.
HYMN
XVIII.
HYMN TO THE MASTER OF WATERS.

XVIII. Atlana
1.
Auia nichalmecatl,
63
Icuic.
nichalmecatl,
necaualcautla,
necaualcautla, olya quatonalla olya.

2.
Ueya, ueya, macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani mac-
xoyauh.
3.
Nimitz acatecunotzaya,
monecoya
chimalticpac
n mitzacatecu notzaya.
i
4.
Ayac nomiuh
timalla aytolloca nacatl
nomiuh aca
Tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte
tometl, acan
xeliui timalla.
5.
axcan ye quetzaltototl, nic ya

6.
Y yopuchi
zaltototl, nic
1.
ya
noteuh atlauaquetl, aca naxcan ye quetizcaltiquetla.
Necaualcactla.
malli.
5.
izcaltiquetla.
2.
Itlamani.
4.
Ti-
Aitollaca acatl.
Tetonac amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n.,
nioholti,
2.
Q.
n. y
ynichalmecatl,
yn inecaualac oqixicauhteuac
nioya, ixquatechimal iquatunal.
ma
xiyauh
ti
quilazteutl,
momactemi
in
mac-
xoyauh.
3.
Q.
n. y
iniquac onimitznotz, mochimalticpac timi-
cpya.
4.
acatl
5.
Auh
Q.
n.,
atle
nomiuh yc notimaloa, ca
nomiuh, yn
Q.
n.,
acatl xeliui
oncan euac
in
inaxcan ye quetzaltotol
uel itoloc in
yc ninotimaloa.
tetuman nitlacochtetumetl.
inic ni tlazcaltia.
HYMN TO THE MASTER OF WATERS.
64
Q.
6,
n.,
tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua, auh inaxcan yuh-
qui quetzaltotol in nitlazcaltia.
The
I
i.
Chalmecatl,
Hymn
of Atlaua.
Chalmecatl,
my
leave behind
2.
my sandles and my helmet.

Go ye forth and follow the goddess Quilaztli,
3.
I shall call
sandles,
I leave
I shall call
4.
my
upon thee
upon thee
my
boast of
to arise
when among
follow her
the shields,
to arise.
my
arrows, even
reed arrows, I boast of
arrows, not to be broken.
Arrayed
5.
now
even
I shall arise
Mighty
6.
arrow in thy hand, for
in priestly garb, take the
is
and come forth
my god
Atlaua
like the quetzal bird.
truly I shall arise
and come
forth like the quetzal bird.
Notes.
Atlaua, mentioned by Olmos,
" Master of waters,"
The
is
who
a divinity of
translates
whom
little
derivation from allall, arrow, would seem
of this hymn.
priate to
the words
synonym
in v. 1, appears
strike, as a
On
to
is
word
known.
more appro-
Chalmecatl, used as a
be from chalania, to beat, to
drum.
Quilaztli see notes to
the
Hymn
XIII.

XIX.
1.
Macuilxochitl
65
Iciric.
Ayya, yao, xochitlycaca umpan
iuitza
tlamacaze-
catla tlamocoyoalca.
2.
Ayya, yao, ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya, yao,
tlauizcalac yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca.

3.
Tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican
cjnteutla, oay.
4.
Tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyo-
cuxquia noteuh, niquiyatlacaz, niquiyamamaliz, mixcoatepetl colhoacan.

5.
intli
1.
Tozquixaya, nictzotzoniyao, yn
tezcatzintli tezcatz-
tezcaxocoyeua, tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho,

Tlamocoioaleua.
5.
Tozquiuaia.
a.
Tzoniztapalatiati.
Gloss.
1.
Q.
n. y
ompa nochan
in xochitlicacan in
itlamacazqui
ni macuilxochitl.
2.
Q.
n. y
motilinia in tinoci in
umpa tochan
3.
ynic
Q.
titlaecoltilozque
ez.
yn
tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca
umpa
titlananquilizque in centeotl.
n.,
tiui
ompa
oyaque auh
Tezcatzonco moyolcan, q n., tezcatzonco oyol in

tochtli ynic yaz, oquiyocux, oquipic, y noteuh oquito
4.
nittlagaz,
nicmamaliz, in mixcoatepetl colhoacan, id
est,
nictepeuaz.
5.
Tozquixaya nictzotzomiao,
catzintli
oncan nexa
palatiati
ocxoni
q. n.,
in tezcatzonco,
ni octli.
nictzotzona, in tez-
oncan oyol tzonizta-
66
Hymn
i.
Yes, I shall go there to-night, to the house of flowers
I shall exercise
2.
to Macuilxochitl.
We
the priestly office to-night.
dawn unto
labor in thy house, our mother, from
night, fulfilling the priestly office, laboring in the night.

3.
dreadful god
is
our god Tezcatlipoca, he
is
the only
god, he will answer us.

4.
His heart
is
nor
is
like a hare
trate the
5.
in the Tezcatzontli
he peaceable
my god
is
not timid
I shall overturn, I shall
pene-
Mixcoatepec in Colhuacan.
I sing, I
play on an instrument, I
ment, the mirror
am
he who
lifts
am
the noble instru-
the mirror
cry aloud,
intoxicated with the wine of the tuna.
Notes,
As before
another
title
stated (Notes to
Hymn
VIII), Macuilxochitl
of the flower-god Xochipilli.
is
HYMN TO THE GOD OF MERCHANTS.

XX.
i.
Anomatia
67
Yacatecutli icuic.
aytoloc, anomatia aytoloc, tzocotzontla
aytoloc, tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc.

2. Pipitla
aytoloc, pipitla anomatia
aytoloc, cholotla
aytoloc, pipitla anomatia aytoloc.
Tonacayutl nicmaceuh aga naxcan noquacuillo
3.
atli-
yollo, nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.
Chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan
4.
cuillo, atliyollo
nechualyauicatiaque
naxcan noqua-
ac,a
xalli itepeuhya.
Gloss.
amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic

otepeualoc tzocotzontla, amo nomatia in omito yauyutl.
2. Pipitla aytoloc, q. n. ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo
1.
Anomatia,
q.
?t.,
nicmati inic omito yauyutl, in cholotla
amo nixpan
3.
ic
otepeualloc
ynic oyautlatolloc.
Tonacayutl nicmaceuh,
q. n.,
yn tonacayutl
mageuh ayaxcan, onechualhuicaque
in
inic onic-
oquacuiloan in
xochayutl, in goqniayutl in teuelteca, quimilhui in iquin-
tonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque.

id
est,
peuh
4.
in
Xalli tepeuhya,
Quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli
tlalocan.
in quite-
inic tepeuh.
Chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan,
chalchiuh petlacalco.
yn oquacuiloan
q. n.,
onca ninotlati
Ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque
atliyoloa in
umpa
tlallocan.
HYMN TO THE GOD OF MERCHANTS.
68
Hymn
i.
is
know
not what
to Yacatecutli.
said, I
is
said about Tzocotzontlan, I
know not what

know not what
is
is
said,
what
said about
Tzocotzontlan.
2.
know not what
Pipitlan,
nor what
is
said of Cholollan,
is
what
said of Pipitlan,
said of
is
what of Pipitlan, of
Pipitlan.
3.
Now
our food, proceeding to eat
I seek
it
and
to drink
of the water, going to where the sand begins.

4.
and
Now
go
my
to
beautiful house, there to eat
my
food,
where the sand begins.
to drink of the water, going to
Notes.
The god Yacatecutli, whose name means "

or
" the
lord
who
guides," was the divinity of the merchants.
Sahagun (Historia, Lib.

90) furnish us
The hymn
many
is
I,
is,
my
I
rendering
hymn seems
very doubtful.
The
to be that of a death-
by the victims about
to be sacrificed.
the sacred food to eat, as described by Duran,
and then prepared themselves
"the
is
think, also at fault in his paraphrase.
general purpose of the
song, chanted probably
to
and Duran (Historia, cap.
extremely obscure, containing a number of
writer of the Gloss
They were given
cap. 19)
particulars of his worship.
archaic words, and
The
lord of travelers,"
beautiful house,"
to
undergo death, hoping
which the Gloss explains
can, the Terrestrial Paradise.
to
go
as Tlalo-
GLOSSARY.
A
A,
prefix, negative, or positive prefix,
Acatecunotzaya, XVIII,
water.
atl,
Equivalent, according to the
3.
Gloss, to oniinitznotz.
Acatona, XVI,
Acatonalaya,
For ac a tonan.
1, 2.
From
III, 5.
Achalchiuhtla, XV,
Achtoquetl, XV,
Comp.
3,
In the
4.
3,
acatl,
See v.
reed
(?).
atl,
and
of
place,
first
Acxolma, XIII, 2. Apparently related

Agan, XIII, 3. Much, many times.
Aga naxcan,
Ahuia,
II,
XVIII,
An
1.
Amanteca,
I,
5,
Workers
5.
II,
3, 4.
chalchiuitl
first.
to acxoyatl, wild laurel.
Only now,
for
can axcan.
interjection.
cially feathers
Amapanitl,
XX,
2.
in
mechanic
arts (Molina), espe-
(Sahagun).
Panitl, banner, flag, with possessive pro-
1.
noun.
Amo,
adv., no, not, negative; pron., your.
Anauhcampa,
III, I.
i. e.
Anneuaya,
Annotata,
III, 2.
III, 4.
Annotequina,
"To
all
four quarters of the water,'
in all directions.
Poetic for in nehuatl,
According
in tino teuh, thou
Annoteua, III, 2.
Anomatia, XX, I.
my
Poetic for in no-tauan,
III, 3.
to
know,
69
ipse."
forefathers.
to the Gloss, equivalent to
my
god.
Poetic for in no-teuh,
Not
"ego
to
my
lord.
be ignorant
of.
70
GLOSSARY.
Aoyequene, III, I. For aocyequene, "and also no one."

Apana, XV, 2. Comp. of atl, water, and pant, upon, postpos.
Aquamotla, III, 5. From quammomotla, to play ball (?).
Aquitoloc,
II,
1.
negative, itoa, to say, to
tell,
in the pas-
sive preterit.
Ateucuitlatl, XV,
Comp. of
Golden water.
3.
atl,
and
teo-
cuitlatl.
Atlllll,
VIII,
Atl, XIV,
Water.
4.
Atliyollo, XX,
Aua,
AuatlC,
IV,
clear or light.
In composition, a.
From
3, 4.
An
III, 7.
become
Atilia, to
2.
atli, to
interjection
drink water.
(?).
Mistress of the waters
6.
A-uetztini, XI,
From
2.
(?)
(atl,
uetzi, to fall
water).
" your fall,"
" your
destruction."
Auiallo, XIV,
Axalaco, XVII,
Ayac,
I,
Ayauh,
From
7.
From axalli, a water plant, and
4.
Fog, mist
III, 6.
loc.
term.
co.
Nobody, no one.
i,ets<zpe.
Ayauhcalcatl,
aula, to be content, to rejoice.
VI,
6.
compound form
One who has charge
of ayauitl.
of the mist.
Com-
pare tepancalcatl, a gardener.
Ayailicalo,
III, 6.
From ayauh,
the Gloss renders

(cf.
Aylhlliôlla,
et
dewy house
Derived by the Gloss from ilhuice, more,

hence, to make to grow, to increase.
5.
For ayaic, never.
4; XX,
negative prefix.
I,
auicalo, the fresh,
Sah., p. 150).
Aytoloc, XVIII,
I,
by
the house of mist, but
III, 2.
AyOllica, VI,
Ayya,
it
calli,
sape ; also
ayyo, etc.
An
1, 2.
in the
From
itoa, to say, to tell,
with
forms yya, ya, yyo, yye, aya,
interjection, or shout.
GLOSSARY.
Ca.
And,
i.
a, an,
also.
VII,
CacauantOC,
VI,
Reduplicated from caua, to cease, stop,
5.
leave
Calli,
I,
XII,
Cane,
XII,
Caqui,
"Among the
2.
cacao trees."
in the house.
Somewhere.
1.
For canel, and
1.
VIII,
Caquia,
off.
House; calipan,
5, 6.
Cana,
be.
Only, solely.
I.
Cacauatla, XI,
To
2.
71
To
2.
hear, to listen.
From
II, 1.
Catlachtoquetl,
truly.
caqui, to hear.
Apparently compounded of the
III, 3.
and
rogative catli
tlacatl,
inter-
man, mortal; what
mortal ?
Catella,
III, 4.
Caua, XIV,
For catel; who indeed?
XV,
To
2.
cease, to stop
to surpass
lay
to
down.
Ce,
I,
XV,
4.
One,
Cenpolilliz, XIII,
Centeutl,
a,
an.
From
7.
VII, 6; VIII,
1,
5;
cempoliui, to perish wholly.
XIV,
4;
XIX,
3.
Prop. name.
The
god of maize.
Centla,
XIII,
Centlalia,
I,
2.
For centli ear of corn, dried corn.
5, 6.
Chacalhoa, XIV,
To
assemble.
For chachaloa,
11.
ChalchimamatlacO, XV,
Compound
2.
turquoise
to carry
water
Chalchimichuacan, XIV,
to tinkle, to resound.
of chalchiuitl, jade,
hence of that color

ref.
to
mama,
betake oneself
atl,
co, postposition.
4.
"The
cerulean
home
of the
fishes."
Chalchiuhecatl, XIV,
cally,
9.
From
chalchiuitl, jade
anything precious.
metaphori-
72
GLOSSARY.
Chalmecatl, XVIII,
From
i.
Chalmecatecutli,
XIII,
v.
1.
Apparently
especially a drum.
XIII,
Chan, XVI,
1,
1.
XVII,
Chicauaztica,
for chalani, to
strike, to beat,
House, home.
2.
6; XIII,
III,
Appa-
"Ruler of the (drum) beaters."
5.
Comp.
Chalima,
chalani, to beat, to strike.
name.
rently a proper
2,
3.
Strongly, boldly, energetic-
ally.
ChicomOZtOC,
VII,
"At
1.
Hymn
VI,
See Notes, p. 59.
1.
From
In eight folds.
2.
chicuei, eight.
Chicunaili, IV, 6. Nine but used generally

" many," " numerous."
in the sense of
Chimal,
XI,
For chimalli, buckler,
2.
Chimalticpac, XVIII,
Chipuchica, V,
See Notes to
VII.
Chicomollotzin, XVI,
Chicueyocan,
the seven caves."
"Above
3.
shield.
the shield."
Metastasis for ichpochtica, from ichpochtli,
1.
virgin.
Chilia,
To make,
III, 3.
Chocaya,
From
III, 1, 7.
ChocayOtica,
XII,
Cholola, XIV,
11
to form, to do.
Adverbial from choca
2.
XX,
choca, to weep, to cry out.
Proper name.
2.
" weepingly."
" Place of the fugi-
tives."
Cipactonalla,
VIII,
2.
From
tonalli, the sun,
day.
Perhaps
a proper name.
Ciuatontla, VI,
Coatepec,
V,
Colhoa,
XIII,
1.
1.
hands.
ciuatontli, little
woman.
Coatepetl, or Serpent Hill.
From
12.
Coliuacan, XVII,
Cotiuana, X,
At the
1.
Cochina, XIV,
For
6.
cochi, to sleep.
For Colhoacan, proper name.

2
XIX,
Probably
4.
Proper name, for Colhoacan.
for xo{xi-oii)titaana, tie
hands, join
GLOSSARY.
CogauiC,
IV,
Poetic for coztic,
2.
I,
73
yellow;
literally,
" yel-
lowed," from cocauia.
Cozcapantica,
XII,
Adverbial, from cozcatl, a jewel,
1.
fig.,
an
infant.
Cozcapilla, XII,
Cuecuechiuia,
Cuecuexi,
Cueponi,
Cuicatl,
XI,
IV,
I,
1,
From
4.
V,
From
cuecuechoa, to shake.
Hymn,
et scepe.
"jewel of a babe."
cuecuechoa, to shake.
To bloom,
etc.
1,
From
2.
3.
cozcatl, pilli,
to
blossom.
song.
In compos., cuic.
E
Eztlamiyaual,
HI,
Apparently from
2.
eztli,
blood, race,
and
tlainiauati, to surpass, to excel.
H
Hllia, 11,3.
Y,
I.
Ya.
See Ahuia.
For in (yn), he,
it,
the, that, etc.
See Ayya.
YanCUlC,
IV,
New,
7.
fresh, green.
Yancuipilla, XII,
3.
New-born babe.
Yantata, XIV,
An
exclamation.
Yaquetlaya,
3.
Apparently a form of tlayacati, or ofyaque,

both from the root yac-, a point, a prominence,
to be prominent. But the etymology is not clear.
I,
1.
Yauciuatzill, XIII, 6.
woman."
Yailicaya,
6
III, 2.
Yaotl-cihuatl-tzin,
From yank,
to go.
"the revered war-
74
GLOSSARY.
Yauillll, XI,
Causative form of yauh, "to cause to go," to
5.
put to
1
autiua,
flight.
Freq. from yaotia, to
I, 5, 6.
Yautlatoaquetl, XV,
Yautlatoaya,
fight.
See yautlatoaya.
3, 4.
From yaotl, war, tlaloa, to speak.

3; V. 1.
Yautlatoani, ruler in war, was one of the titles
I,
of Huitzilopochtli.
Yaxcana,
Axcan, now.
II I, 9.
axca,
YayalezCjUl, HI,
IV,
A tree planted
2.
used
VIII,
Yecoa,
Yeua,
I,
Ihuitl,
I,
Ihiya,
II,
end, to
4, etc.
2.
Ilhuiquetl,
Iliuiz,
XV,
5.
Its
bark was
IV,
leave unprotected, as orphans.
this, but,
XIV,
XIII, 8;
To
To
1,2.
Already,
1.
in front of temples.
mats (Sahagun).
for
Icnocaua, XVI,
Ye,
forth.
With which.
6.
VI,
IcCOtl,
2.
nevertheless.
To have
1.
For yehuatl, he,

7.
feather
Apparently
III, 8.
carnal connection.
I,
it,
that.
met., a model, pattern.
for iye, yes, affirmative particle.
From
ilkuia, to say, to call.
Thoughtlessly; with negative prefix
a,
not thought-
Poetic for in micti, from mictia, to slaughter.
2.
Yoalticatla, VIII,
Yoalli, XV,
Yoatzin, XV,
Yolcan, XVIII,
Yolceuiz, XV,
6.
Yoalli-ticatla,
midnight.
Reverential of yoalli, night.
3, 4.
Yocoxquia, XIX,
Yollotl, IV,
1.
Night.
1.
2.
finish.
lessly.
Ymocxi,
Y-
Frequent, of yaliztli ; to go and come,
7, 8.
go back and
Yea,
Axcatl, goods, property.
property.
his, its,
4.
5.
3, 4.
Peaceably, quietly.
Place of birth.
To
appease, to please.
Heart, mind, center.
75
GLOSSARY.
Itaca,
IV,
For
6.
Iteamic, XIV,
Itlani,
XIV,
From
11.
VI,
ItOpanecauiloc,
To
8.
YtZlCOtla,
tetecuti,
take to be an error for in tetenctin.
The Gloss
III, 9.
gives ni japan.
The verbal
a passive from caua, to leave, to abandon.
is
IV,
itta, to see.
Explained by the Gloss by in
5.
which
Itta,
sustenance.
See Tlani.
7.
Itontecuitl,
itacatl, food,
see, to esteem.
II,
5.
fig.,
For
uitzicotla,
lit.,
place abounding in thorns;
the south.
Apparently a compound of ixtli, face, and pan,

more usual ixpan, before, in front of; ixtli in
comp. sometimes becomes itz, as in itzoca, "tener
Itzipana, X,
4.
for the
sucia la cara," Molina, Vocabulario.
Itziueponi, XI,
For
4.
Itzpapalotl, IV,
itztle-cueponi, " resplendent with spears."
"The
5.
obsidian butterfly," an image of
gold and feathers, worn as a royal insignia.
Sahagun, Lib. VII, Cap.
Yua,
III,
To
8.
Yuitla, XIII,
YuivOC,
II,
3,
See
12.
send.
See ihuitl.
6.
From
5.
4,
yuiyotl, a
feather, yuiyoa,
to
be
dressed in feathers, or feather garments.
Ixtlauatl,
IV,
Open
6.
Yyaconay, I, 1. For
Yya. See Ayya.
Izqui,
XIV,
Iztac,
IV,
Iz tleica,
8.
3, 4.
field,
uncultivated region.
ayac-on-ay as appears by the gloss.

y
As many
as.
White.
VI, 3;
XV,
changed
I.
"Here
is
why."
into the predicative
Compendio,
p. 154.
The
form.
interrogative
See Paredes,
76
GLOSSARY.
M
Ma,
VI,
i.
Sign of negative, no, not.
i.
MacaiUl, XVII,
Maceualli,
VI,
ivlaceuh, XX,
Mach, XIV,
i,
Sign of imperative.
to drink.
Subjects, servants.
4.
From maceua,
3.
seek
to
for, to
obtain.
Intensive particle.
7.
11,617.
Macoa.
XVII,
3;
From macoa, and
3, 4.
Machiyotla,
I,
2.
For machiotl,
To
3.
Macxoyatlh, XVIII,
example.
aid, to assist.
By
3.
sign,
the Gloss, for ma-xi-yauh, imper.
of yank, to go.
Malinalli, XIII,
Malli,
Captive; one taken by hand.
II, 3, 4, 5.
Mama,
To
XIV, n.
Mamalia, XIX,
Maniauia,
To
4.
I,
Maololo, XIV,
carry a load on the shoulders.
To
4.
maid,
Mati,
A broom.
4.
penetrate.
Matiuia, XIV,
to fear.
From
12.
4.
Ma-tonicaya, X,
1.
Let
To
II, 3, 4, 5.
noyol, XIV,
Mauiztli
ma-ololo, to cover with the hand.
For matihuia from mati.
11.
VII,
Matlauacal,
Maui
from
To know.
II, 1.
Mauia,
frequentative-causative,
frighten,
VI,
5,
it
shine, let
be bright; from tona.
it
give into the hands
To
11.
XIII,
net-basket.
5.
fear in
my
of, to
deliver up.
heart.
An honor {cosa
de estima, Molina).
person of honor.
Mazatl,
IV,
Mecatla,
VI,
MilacatZOa,
Deer
(Doubtful.)
6.
For
2.
I,
4.
any large wild animal.
tnecatl, cord, rope.
Mo-ilacatzoa, to twine oneself, as a serpent
around a
tree
refers to the xiuhcoatl, fire-serpent,
of Huitzilopochtli.
GLOSSARY.
Mimicha,
IV,
MimilcatOC,
77
Fish, for michin.
8.
VI,
Twisted, twined.
2.
Miquiyecauiz, XIV,
8.
Compound of miqui, to
yecaui, to cease; "to cease dying."
Mltoaya,
I,
For mo-itoa-ya,
3.
Mixcoatepetl, XIX,
MlXCOatl,
XIII,
Mixiui, XII,
Mixtecatl,
2.
town of Mixcoatl.
bear a child.
to
The Mixteca
proper name.
Pacific
or
proper name.
To accouch,
1.
I,
5.
and
said, they said.
it is
The mountain
4.
die,
coast,
to the
southwest,
lived on the
and were not of
Nahuatl lineage.
MlXlUllOC, V,
From
1.
Mo-CUlltonoa,
mixiui, to accouch, to bear a child.
VI,
5.
To
Monegoya,
XVIII,
3.
From
Mo-neuila,
XIII,
Mo-quetzquetl,
rejoice or enjoy greatly.
From
7.
nefi, to appear.
eua, to rise up, to
For m-oqitequetz, frequent, of quetza ;

flow forth, to run from and out.
A poetic
form, not
uncommon.
Moqilichtiuiui, V,
2.
Mo-teca, XIV,
They assemble
9.
Oquichuia, to suffer manfully.
oneself, to lie
4.
forth.
III, 1.
to
Moteua, XV,
come
Perhaps from
Mo-tlaquecllizca, XIII,
2,
itoa, to say, "
3, 4.
quechia, to rest
to press
Mo-tlaqueilia, XI,
it is
said."
Strengthened form of tlato bear down upon
upon
upon.
To seek
2.
impers. from teca, to place
down.
people, or to hire
them
to
work
injury to others.
Mo-tonacayouh,
III,
3.
Our
flesh
the usual form
is
to-
iiacayo.
Moxayaual, V, 2. From yaua/oa, to wander about.

Moxocha, IV, 2, 4. Probably a compound of moxochitl-chayaui, to sow flowers.
Mozcaltizqui,
IV,
6.
From
mo-izcali, to resuscitate, to animate.
78
GLOSSARY.
Nacha,
For nachcan,
III, 7.
Nacochtla, XIV, n.
Nahuia,
III,
Nanquilia,
NauaCO,
ears.
From nam,
6.
XIX,
VII, 6;
XI,
The
there, in that place.
four.
To answer.
3.
"With (my)
5.
skill."
"Master magician;" said by the Gloss to

3.
be a name of Tlaloc. Sahagun gives this as one
of the gods of the goldsmiths (Lib. IX, cap. 18).
Naualpilli,
III,
to
NaualaclllC,
XIV,
Skilfully;
9.
from naualchiua,
to
do some-
thing skilfully.
Nauaquia, XIV, 6.
Nauhxiuhtica,
Perhaps
for
nakuaque, an epithet of divinity.
"After four years" (Molina).
III,9.
Negazualcactla, XVIII,
From
1.
the Gloss equivalent to ne-
gaualacantla, from negaualiztli,
and cana,
Nechyatetemilli,
XIII,
to
Necuilia, X,
Nella,
III,
2.
Nen, adv. I, 1.
Nenequia, XV,
NenouallCO,
Nepaniui,
Nepapan,
2;
2.
down,
In vain, of no advantage.
To
1.
oppose, to be angry with.
2.
5.
III, 9.
II,
lie
one.
See Oiioalico.
pronominal prefix.
Ne-qui-macui,
Niuaya, X,
Reverential of temi, to
5.
fill.
nelli> truly.
XI,
VIII,
Nepanauia,
to leave.
To bring some
For
3.
fast, fasting,
To
is
the impersonal,
join, to unite oneself to.
Nepan,
XIV,
Ne
5.
thither,
and yau/t,
to go.
Diverse, varied.
"I take them by the hand." Explained by the Gloss to be an archaic {chicimecci) expression used in leading or guiding (in
dance or song).
For ni-ihua-ya, I sent (some one).
VII,
5.
GLOSSARY.
Nl-yOCOloC,
79
III, 2.
Passive preterit from yocoya ; yocolia,
be made, composed, created.
No. i. Possess, pron. my, mine.

Noca, I, i. Of me, my, mine.
NohuinUlhuia,
I,
Adv.
2.
also, yet.
Poetic form for neuiuilia, to equal
I.
to
some
one.
Nomactemi,
XIII,
with
Nomauilia,
X,
Nomillh, XVI 1 1,
Nopeltzin,
XIII,
No-tauane,
VI,
my
No-pilli-tzin
5.
Our
1.
No-teuh,
I,
NoyoCO,
XI,
"my
revered lord."
fathers.
2.
II, 2.
2, 4.
"My
From yollotl,
3.
fast.
The
god."
Apparently for niyoco, "with
5.
Noyollo, XV,
Oc,
XX,
bone, point, arrow.
For nic-tecuia, I tie it, I make it

Gloss, amo-tecuhuan, is not intelligible.
No-teciia, VI,
fills,
thing personally.
No-omitl,
4.
it
hands.
To do a
4.
my hand
No-maitl-c-temi,
3, 4.
full
me
alone."
heart, soul, courage, etc.
Yet, besides this.
Ocelocoatl,
Ocoyoalle,
" Tiger snake."
III,4.
VIII,
"
2.
The
night pine."
Apparently a proper
name.
Ocutitlana, XI,
Oholopa,
II, 3.
and
Ollama, XIV,
"
2.
Poetic
ofifia,
9.
Among
To
compound
play at ball
1.
Omei,
5.
For ome, two
twelve.
of ololoa, to cover, to dress,
twice.
Olya, XVIII,
XIII,
the pine woods."
form from
from
ololoa, to
;
o//i,
a ball.
cover or clothe oneself.
the Gloss reads matlactli
ome
80
On,
GLOSSARY.
I,
i,
et scEpe.
particle,
merely euphonic, or signifying
action at a distance.
Onca,
There.
scepe.
OnoallCO,
XI, I. Proper name, derived from onoua, the impersonal form of onoc, and meaning " a peopled
place," a thickly inhabited spot.
the postposition,
Opuchi, XVIII,
The
terminal, co,
is
at.
"Left-handed;" by the Gloss == tiacauh,
6.
brave, valiant.
OquixanimanicO,
X,
I.
form
in the
second person
compounded of quica and

forth, scatter
Otlacatqui, XIV,
Otli, VIII,
I, 2.
1.
Oyatonac,
be born.
Path, road.
5.
Ouayyeo,
Oya, scepe.
"coming
yourselves around."
Ilacati, to
3, 4.
?na?ii,
plural,
An interjection.
An interjection. 2.
For otonac, from tona,
II, 6, 7.
Oztomecatl, XI V,
PetlacalcO, XX,
Preterit ofyau/i, to go.
11.
4.
to shine.
merchant.
From
petlall, mat, calli, house,
and
co,
post-position.
Peua,
VI,
To
3.
begin.
Picha-huazteca,
Proper name, " The frozen Huastecs,"

perhaps those living on the high Sierra, who
1,2.
were the nearest
Pillachilialoyan, XIV,
4.
to the
Nahuas.
Locative from pilli-chiua, to engen-
der offspring.
Piltzintecutli, IX, 2; XIV,
9.
Lord of the youths or children,
piltzintli.
Pipiteca,
I, 6.
Those having charge of the
spies,
from pipia,
pilli,
a child.
spy.
Pipitla,
XX,
2.
Reduplicated locative irom
to
GLOSSARY.
Pinaulltia, VI,
Pinauia,
II,
Poliuiz, XV,
Potonia,
affront, to put to
From poloa,
3.
I,
PotOCaya,
To
III, 3, 4.
shame;
to censure,
blame.
to
Pomaya,
To make ashamed.
I.
81
XI,
XIII,
IV, 7
freely
Poyauhtla,
panauza,
To be liberal,
10.
adorn with feathers.
XIV,
to
Among
1,3.
to
conquer.
to
give equally or
the fogs, from poctli, smoke, fog,
water.
atl,
for
companion.
Potli,
6, 7.
III, 6.
PupilXOtiuh,
Apparently
1.
mist
to destroy.
work the
gerundive form from popoxoa,

soil
here used figuratively.
to
to
till,
Q
Quacuillo,
III,
XX,
Qliatonalla, XVIII,
Quaui,
XIII,
verse
1.
;
1.
From
3.
qua, to eat.
Head bright,"
"
the helmet on the head.
shortened form of quauiuitl, in the same
compound
of quauhtli, eagle,
iuitl,
feather
decoration explained in the Gloss, usually called the

quauhtzontli, eagle crest.
Quauinochitla,
XI,
Ouailiquemitl,
II, 2.
"
2.
Among
From
the tuna trees."
quauhtli, eagle, quemitl, clothing,
garb.
Ouechol, XIV,
Quentia, XV,
Ouetl,
II, 2.
5, 7.
1.
dress oneself.
Poetic for quetza, to
See Gloss
Quetza, XIV,
To
A bird.
6.
rise, to
come
out of or from.
to III, 7.
To
arise from.
Quetzalaueuetl, XV,
2.
Of
quetzal, beautiful,
the water cypress,
fig. chief,
and
lord.
aueuctl,
82
GLOSSARY.
Quetzalcalla,
"The house
III f 9.
the quetzal bird.
of the quetzal," beautiful as
Explained
in the Gloss to
be
the Place of Joy.
Quetzalcoatli, XI,
OuetzalcOCOX,
Queyamica,
Queyanoca,
VII, 6
6.
VIII,
According
1.
Proper name.
7.
The pheasant.
For quenamican, how there?
III, 8.
I,
XIV,
to the Gloss, equivalent to onoca,
from onoc.
Quiauiteteu,
VIII,
Rain gods
6.
quiauitl, rain; teteu, plural
of teotl, god.
Quilaztla, XIII,
1.
For
Quilaztli,
2.
See Quilaztla.
Quilazteutl, XVIII,
Ouinexaqill,
VII,
another
of Cihuacoatl.
Explained by the Gloss by oniualleuac,
1.
came quickly (eua,

Hence
name
precipitation).
in
it
composition, signifies
is
a form from yatch,
yaqiri.
Quiyauatla,
VI,
Tamoanchan,
Poetic for quiauitl, rain.
6.
IV,
"We
etc.
1,
seek our home," a
plied to the Earthly Paradise.
Teacuitlaquemitl, XV,
Teca,
III, 6.
To spread
Tecpanteutl, XVII,
Teicnellili, VI,
Teizcaltequetl,
5.
See
name
ap-
p. 29.
Golden garb.
1.
out, especially of liquids.
"Palace god."
3, 4.
A benefit,
an advantage.
That which gives wisdom and life.

"Teizcali, cosa que da doctrina, y aviva, y da
III, 9.
entendimiento" (Molina).
Telipuchtla,
Temacouia,
II, 3, 4, 5.
VI,
4.
hands
For
From
of.
telpochtli,
a youth.
temaca, to give, to deliver into the
GLOSSARY.
I
emoquetl,
1 enaniltl,
I,
Tepanecatl,
I
From
III, 8.
3.
The
XI,
3.
epanquizqui,
I,
Tepetitlan, V,
temoa, to seek, quiza, to go forth.
wall of a city
"Dweller
hence, a town or
in the palace."
"Among
city.
proper name.
A substitute, one who represents
3.
2.
83
another.
the mountains."
Tepeuh, XX, 3, 4. From peua, to begin.

TepeyOCpa, XV, 4. From tepetl, pan.
I
V, 2, From tequiutl, task, labor, but explained by the Gloss as equivalent to lepeua, to over-
equilia,
II,
throw, to conquer.
Tetemoya,
II,
Frequentative from temo, to descend, to
7.
6,
come down,
Tetoma,
XVIII,
tetemo.
From
5.
loma, to open, to send forth, to
let
loose.
Tezauhpilla,
Tetzauiztli,
"Master of
III, 8.
I,
An
2.
fear."
A name
object which causes fear.
of
See Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexi-
Huitzilopochtli.
cana, cap. VI.
Teuaqill,
From
II, 6, 7.
teotl,
god, aqui, to enter, to penetrate.
Explained by the Gloss as teucumitl

icpac, upon the thorn bush {teocumitl, espina
grande, Molina). But I should think it to be
TeuCOlltlipaca,
IV,
5.
compound
of
teotl, conetl,
son of the goddess."
was
Teueuel,
V,
especially Centeotl,
"upon
the
of Teteunan
god of maize.
Poetic from ueue, the ancients, the elders.
2.
Teumechaue,
icpac,
The son
4; VIII, 2 XIX, 2. Perhaps from

teo-ome-chayaue, "the twice divine seed-thrower," or teometl-chayane, the planter of the divine
IV,
1, 2, 3,
maguey.
TeumilcO,
XIII,
2.
From
teotl, milli, co,
"in the divine corn-
field," fig. reference to the battlefield.
Teutiualcoya,
III, 2.
The
Gloss reads tenitualcoya, from
god, ittnalo, passive of
itta, to see.
teotl,
84
GLOSSARY.
Teil-tlaneuiloc,
Explained by the Gloss as equivalent

to oiietlanauiloc; an impersonal, passive, preterit, from naua, "it was danced."
The peIII, I.
dance called tlanaua, performed

by young girls, is described by Sahagun, Lib.
culiar sacred
cap. 24.
II,
Teutlalipan,
IV,
In the divine earth.
8.
eyomi,
ezcatlipuca, XIX,
VII,
From
1.
XIX,
1 ezcatzintll,
teyo,
esteemed, honored.
Proper
2.
Proper
5.
TezcatZOtlCO, XVII,
XIX,
name
of a divinity.
name from
4.
iezcatl, mirror.
Apparently the name of a
part of the temple.
Tianquiz, XIV,
Tigatl, IV,
limalla,
Chalk
7.
XVIII,
Tlacatl,
II,
Tlaâz, XIX,
Form
4.
Xlacaluaz, XIV,
XV,
fig.,
place.
model, pattern.
of timalloa, to swell, to increase;
to rejoice, to glorify oneself.
fig.,
Tlacati,
The market
6.
For
7.
For
3, 4.
;
XIII,
Tlachco, XIV,
Tlacochcalco,
Mortal, creature, person.
5.
The
6.
tlaga, to overturn.
The
10.
Tlachinaya, XIV,
Tlachtli, VII,
tlacatl.
7.
From
4.
tlacahiaztli, a blow-pipe.
place of the ball play.
From
tlachia, to see.
ball.
X, 1. From tlacochtli, arrow, or generally, weapon, calli, house, co, post-position, in

"the hall of weapons," or arsenal. It was a
room in that part of the temple dedicated to
II,
and was filled with arrows,

Sahagun, Lib. VIII, cap. 32.
Huitzilopochtli,
spears, etc.
Tlagolteutla, XIV,
Tlacoyoalle, XIV,
Tlacyaniuitza, IX,
2.
1.
Name
of a
Mexican goddess.
At midnight.
Probably for tlayauani ni-huitz,

dancing, as a dancer.
1.
come
85
GLOSSARY.
TlaixtOtOCa, X,
3.
T lalli,
To
XIV,
Tlalocan,
10.
III, 5
Ixtotoca, to search for.
place oneself; earth, ground.
XVI,
The home
1.
Tlaloc tlamacazque,
of Tlaloc.
See
p. 25.
"Dispensers of the beneof Tlaloc"; the name applied to
VIII,
fits
3, 4, 6.
the priests of this divinity,
rialpa,
XIV,
From
6.
Tlaltecutli, IV,
earth,
tlalli,
and jfom.
Tlalli, tecutli; lord of the earth or land.
6.
TlamacazecatiO, XIX,
For tlamacaztecatl, one concerned
2.
with the priestly
Tlamocoyoualca, XIX,
Apparently from tlamaca,
2.
1,
office.
to
serve.
Tlani, XIV,
Tlanuati,
7.
VIII,
Below
3, 4.
To
Tlapani, XVIII,
Tlapitza, xiv,
Tlapoalli,
see
Tlaquaua, XV,
Tlatia, XV,
Tlailia, XV,
To
5;
To burn
tona, to shine.
{petit).
red or shining.
XIX,
Master of the house of the dawn.

signifies an active possessive.
2.
The terminal e
Tlayauican, IX, 1. The dancing-place; from
in
a certain manner.
Tlaxotecatl teuhtla,
oneself.
speech, discourses, prayers.
drink wine
To appear
Tlauizcalle, XIV,
2.
sing, to chant, to speak.
From
5.
strong, or hard.
oneself.
tlatolli,
To
1.
I.
reckon.
to
To make
To hide
Tlatonazqui, XIV,
Tlauana, XV,
flute.
3, 4.
For
III, 8.
break.
Pomaya.
11.
7,
it.
send.
To number,
1.
1.
Tlatoa, XIV,
Tlatol,
7.
III, 9.
Tlapomaya,
To
2.
below
i-tlani,
I, 4-
See Tlaxotla.
tlayaua, to dance
86
GLOSSARY.
Tlaxotla,
Passive form from tlaca, to hurl, to throw.
I, 3.
was
Huitzilopochtli
Notes
lOCiquemitl,
Hymn
to
I,
From
1.
"the hurler."
specifically
See
I.
to-citli-quemitl,
vestment of our an-
cestress.
Tocniuaya,
ToCLlilitla,
VIII,
To-icniuk, our friend.
1.
See Tocuilechcatl.
II, 7.
TocillitlCa, XIV,
From
10.
" in the feather
Tocuilechcatl,
to-ciili-yuitl,
with adverbial ending;
garb of our ancestors."
To, our, cuilia, to paint,
II, 2.
adorn
" our
adornment."
To-naca,
XIII,
"Our
2.
flesh."
Tonanaya, XIII, 5. Reduplicated for tonaya,

Tonaqui, I, 1. A form from tona, to shine.
Tonana, IV, 1. " Our mother; " nantli.
Topaniaz,
IX,
The
2.
Gloss reads more correctly, no
niaz, " also there
Totoch, X,
XVII,
of wine
Toyauan,
I,
name
of a
god
a day of the week.
To-yauan, our enemies.
5, 6.
umpa
shall go."
Tochtli, a rabbit; the
title.
also, of
to shine forth.
{See Olmos. Grain.,
p. 25.)
Tozquiuaua, XIX,
Tzioac,
XIII,
For
5.
fig. for
From
5.
tozquitl, voice.
a sacred tree; here apparently
tzioactli,
a sacred person.
Tzioactitlan, VII, 2. "In the tzihuac bushes;'' the tzihuac

was a kind of maguey of a sacred character. See
my
Tziuaquimillh,
Ancient Nahitatl Poetry,
VII,
TzoCOtZOntla, XX,
TzonimolcO,
VI,
3.
I.
havresac
From
tzocoton,
"Where
1.
name
"My
p. 140.
made
little, tzontli,
The
hair.
the hair spreads abroad."
of the hall sacred to the
temple.
of tzihuac fibres."
god of
The
fire in
flames blazing upwards like hair from a head.
TzotZOnia, XIX,
5.
To
the
expression refers figuratively to the
play on an instrument.
GLOSSARY.
87
u
Ualltla, XV,
Comp.
4.
Ualla^lC, VIII,
From
5.
and
of uallauh
itla.
uallauh, to come,
and
acic,
which adds
the sense of approaching near.
Ualmeua,
Ueca,
X,
XII,
To
3.
cry lustily.
Far.
1.
Uel, or Huel, adv.,
Uelmatia,
Ueponi,
Uexcaitoa,
Uicacapa,
well, to
be well.
Uepollotl, kin, relations.
1.
To
II, I.
IV,
Well.
4.
To appear
III, 4.
VII,
I,
harm,
Towards,
7.
Uitzalochpan,
offer
XIII,
1.
to curse.
to.
Compound
of huttz, to come,
and
tlaloa, to run.
Uitzetla,
For uitzlan,
II, 2.
in at the south, or the
place of
thorns.
Uitznauac,
For Huitznauac.
II, 4.
According
Uitztla, XIII, 3.
form for
See Notes to
Hymn
II.
to the Gloss to v. 4, this is a poetic
uidli, a hoe, the native agricultural
implement.
X
XamontOCa,
IV,
Xi-am-on-itta, from
7.
Compare
Xatenonotza,
VI,
to look, to see.
the Gloss.
For xi-tenonotza,
6.
itla,
call
ye upon, pray ye
to.
Xayaualli,
XIII,
From xayaua,
8.
to
adorn oneself in the
ancient manner.
Xeliui, XVIII,
Ximocaya,
To
4.
III,
9.
split, to
divide.
Rendered by the Gloss
ximoayan, the Paradise of Souls
Nahuatl
XimiÔtica, XVI,
as equivalent to
;
see
my
Poetry, p. 132.
I, 2.
From
if a, to
wake
up, awake.
Ancient
88
Xlllh, IV,
GLOSSARY.
Green
8.
XluacaiCO,
grass.
From
green house
the Gloss explains it by acxoyacalco, " in the house
of the wild laurel," or decorated with wild laurel, a
plant probably sacred to Tlaloc.
III, 5.
XlUlCOatl, XV,
xiuh,
in the
calll, co,
Grass snake, or green snake.
2.
From
xiuitl,
coatl.
Xiyanouia,
Imperative from yank, to go.
III, 6.
Xochinquauitl, XIV,
Xochiquetzal, XIV,
Xochitla,
IV,
11.
The
flower-tree.
Proper
name
Flowers, place
etc.
1,
7.
of,
of a deity.
or
abundance
of.
From
xochitl.
Xocllitlicacan, XIV,
Xoconoctli, XIX,
Xocoyeua, XIX,
Xolotl, XIV,
Xoyauia,
5.
9.
IX,
5.
2.
The
3, 5.
From
From
place of flowers.
xocotl, fruit, apple.
xococtl, fruit.
servant, a page.
From
xoyaui, to begrime, to spoil
xoyam'an,
the place of blackness, or of decay.
Xoxolcuicatl, VI,
5.
song.
From
xolotl, servant,
page, and cuicatl,
INDEX.
Abundance, the fabled house
Amanteca,
Amantlan
of, 59.
17.
a quarter of the
city of Tenochtitlan, 17.
hymn to, 43 his functions, 44.

the, a name of the god of fire, 34.
Amimitl, the god,
Ancient god,
"Ancient Nahuatl Poetry," quoted,

Arrows, the house
Artists, the
of,
goddess
Atlaua, the god,
21
37, 51.
god
of, 64.
63
signification of, 64.
of, 41.
hymn
to,
Auroras, the four, 44.
Ayopechtli or Ayopechcatl, a goddess,
hymn
to,
47
functions
of,
48.
Aztec Mythology, Paradise
Ball, the
game
of, 26,
29
nation, wars
of,
46.
of, 54, 55.
Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana,
Bread and water, fasting on,
ix.
55.
Bustamente, his edition of Sahagun's Historia,
ix.
Cardinal points as symbols, 25.

Chalchiucihuatl, a
Chalmecatl,
name
name
of the goddess Chicomecoatl, 59.
of a deity, 64.
Chichimecs, an ancient
tribe, 37, 44.
Chicomecoatl, the goddess,
names,
hymn
to,
59
functions
of, 59,
60.
Chicomolotl, a
7
name
of the goddess Chicomecoatl, 59.
89
60
her
90
INDEX.
Chicomoztoc, the "seven caves," 37.

Childbirth, goddess
of, 29, 47,
Chimalman, the goddess
48.
of, 31.
Chimalipan, the virgin-mother, 31.

Cholula or Chollolan, a place name,
hymn
Cihuacoatl, the goddess,
to,
54, 68.
49; functions
of, 51.
Cinteotl or Centeotl, the god, 40; his birthplace, 53
his functions,
55-
Cipactonalli, a fabled personage, 40.
Clavigero, quoted, 44.
Coatepec, the sacred serpent mountain, 31.
Codex Ramirez,
the, 29.
Codex Telleriano-Remensis,
Codex Vaticanus,
Colhuacan,
first
the, 29, 41.
the, 58.
King
of,
29
derivation
of, 51
reference
66.
Colors,
symbolism
of, 34, 44.
Cuauhtitlan, the Annals
name
Cuezaltzin, a
Dance, the
jar,
Death-song,
42
of, 37, 38.
of the
god of
fire, 34.
of the " four auroras," 44.
a, 68.
Drum, use of
the, 64.
Drum-beating, goddess
Drunkenness,
of, 50.
deities of, 61, 62.
Duran, Diego, quoted,
25, 29, 41, 42, 57, 59, 68.
Eagle's crest, as ornament, 51.

Earth, goddess of the, 28
heart of the, 29.
Eight, as a sacred number, 54.
Emerald, the Lady of
the, 60.
Feathers, as ornaments, 20
Fertility,
genius
of, 29, 51.
symbol of the
spirit, 32.
to, 61, 62,
INDEX.
Fire, the
Mexican god
91
of, 34.
Fire-stick, the, 18.
Fish-spear,
god of
the, 44.
" Five flowers," the, a plant, 40, 66.
Flames, the Hall

Flowers, the god
of,
35
of, 40,
Food, the goddess
66
plumage
41
of,
as symbols, 54, 55.
of, 59.
Four, as sacred number, 25, 26, 43, 44.
Gods, mother of the, 28
Green corn, goddess
home
of the, 29, 40.
of, 60.
Guadalupe, Our Lady
of, 29.
Hair, as a symbol of flames, 35.
Heads, serpent of seven,

Hearts of victims torn
59.
out, 58.
Hieroglyphic books, native,
Huasteca, a
xi.
tribe, 17.
name of the god of fire, 34.

Huitzilopochtli, hymn to, 15
his functions,
Huehueteotl, a
idol, 18
festival of, 20;
Huitznahuac, war song
of,
temple
19
of,
21
17
description of his
mother
of, 32.
brother of Huitzilopochtli, 32.
Hurler, the; epithet applied to Huitzilopochtli, 17.
Ichpochtli, the virgin goddess, 41.

Illustrations, colored, xi.
Inquisition, action
on Sahagun's Historia,
Intoxicating drink, the gods
xi.
of, 61, 62.
Itzpapalotl, a goddess, 41.
Ixcocauhqui, the god of
Jade, ornaments
of,
fire,
hymn
mentioned,
to, 33.
54.
Jourdanet, Dr., his translation of Sahagun's Historia,
ix.
*>! iiiiw iiiiitmuumgmfnna^
92
INDEX.
Kingsborough, Lord, his edition of Sahagun's Historia,

his
Mexican
ix,
xi
Antiquities^ 58.
Lightning, as a serpent, 17, 18.

Lying-in, goddesses
Macuilxochitl,
See Childbirth.
of.
name
of a deity, 40
Maguey, brought from Paradise,

Maize, the god
Maya tribes
in
40
of,
Mexico,
goddess
hymn
to, 65.
28.
of, 60.
17.
Mazateca, a certain tribe or caste,
Merchants, the god
54.
of, 68.
Mexicans, the, 45.

Mexicans, poetry
of, ix, 37.
Mexico, ancient, 24.
Mimixcoa.
See Mixcoatl.
Mirror, the use
of, 66.
Mist, the house of, 25.
Mixcoatl, the god,
hymn
of,
36
his functions, 37, 50
hill of, 66.
Mixcoatepec, mountain so called, 66.
Mixteca
a nation,
16, 17.
Mixtecatl
J
Mixtecapan, a
locality, 16, 17.
Mother of the gods,

Nahua,
the, as tribal
28, 29
" our mother," 51
name,
Night, the
the virgin, 31.
38.
Nahuatl language, the, ix; MSS.,

Naualpilli,
x.
"noble magician," a name of Tlaloc,
god
of, 57, 58.
Nonoalco, a place name, 44.

" Obsidian butterfly," a kind of ornament, 41.
Olmos, quoted,
64.
23.
INDEX.
Opochtli, the
god of netmakers,
Otomis, the tribe so-called, 37

Otontecutli, the god,
hymn
to,
93
44.
war song
43
of, 46.
his functions, 46.
Paradise, the terrestrial, 26, 28, 29, 53, 68.
Paynal, the god, 20.

Parturition,
goddess
Picha-Huasteca, a
Pipiteca, a
tribe, 16, 17.
name,
Pipitlan, a place
See Childbirth.
of.
nomen
68.
gentile, 17.
Poetry, ancient Mexican,
Pulque, the god
Quechol
ix, 37, 51.
of, 62.
bird, the, 54.
Quetzal bird, the, 40, 64.

Quetzalcoatl, priests adopt his garb,
companion,
Quilaztli,
Rain gods,
of a goddess, 50, 51
of,
as speaker, 45,
54; his
related to Atlaua, 64.
40.
the, the
house
of, 40.
Reproduction, the goddess
Sacrifices,
57.
name
Rain, the god
17
human,
of, 51.
18, 20, 21, 24, 35.
Sahagun, Bernardino de, MS. of
his Historia, ix
the chants, x; action of Inquisition on, xi
his
remarks on
quoted,
17, 18,
21,
2 5 29, 30, 34, 56, 57 et scepe.
Serpent, the lightning,

51
17, 18
mountain, 32
the serpent
woman,
serpent's blood, 50; swallowing of, 54; of seven heads, 59.
Seven, as a sacred number,
Simeon, Remi, his notes

Slaves, sacrifice
to
59.
Sahagun's Historia,
of, 18, 20, 21.
Soul, place in Aztec mythology, 26.
ix.
mwmwtm
jwvjcavxsi
94
INDEX.
South, the, as origin of deities,
Sun-god, the,
34.
Tamoanchan,
its
Teatlahuiani, a
Temple
19, 20.
signification, 29
name
the houses
of, 41.
god of the pulque,
of the
62.
of Tenochtitlan, 20, 34.
Tenochtitlan, ancient
Tepeyacac, temple
name
of the city of Mexico, temple
at, 29.
Tequechmecaniani, a name of the god of drunkenness,

Teteuinan,
hymn
of, 20, 34.
62.
of, 27.
Tezcatlipoca, the god, 66.
Tezcatzoncatl, god of the pulque, 61
hymn
to, 61,
62.
Tezcatzontli, 66.
Thorns, diviners with,

Tlaloc, the god, song
25
figure
20.
24
of, 22,
house
of, 24,
40, 59
functions of,
of, 26.
Tlalocan, the terrestrial Paradise, 24, 25, 26; guide
to,
59; ex-
plained, 68.
Tlazolteotl, the love goddess, 53.
Toci, our mother, a goddess, 29.

Toltecs, the fabulous nation
Torquemada, quoted,
Totec, the god,
hymn
of, 31.
34, 44, 51.

to,
56; a
companion of Quetzalcoatl,
Totochtin, gods of intoxication, 61.

Tochtli, the rabbit, as a
Tonan or Tonantzin,
Travelers, the deity
Tulan, the
god of drunkards,
the goddess, 51, 53.
of, 68.
site of, 31.
Turquoises as ornaments,
Twins, the goddess

Tzatzitepec, the
18.
of, 51.
hill
Tziuactitlan, a place
of proclamation, 58.
name,
37.
Tzocatzontlan, a place name, 68.
62.
57.
95
INDEX.
See Huitznabruac.
Uitznahuac.
Venus impudica,
See Huitzilopochtli.
Vitzilopochtli.
War,
the
Water
god
the Mexican, 55.
of, 17
goddess
of, 50.
cypress, the, 57.
Waters, master of the, 64.
Woman,
sacrifice of, 35.
Xilonen, goddess of green corn, 60.
Xippe Totec, the god,

Xiuhtecutli, a
name
56.
flowers,
fire,
34.
hymn
to,
39
functions
of,
40;
66.
Xochitlycacan,
name
of the earthly Paradise,
Xochiquetzal, the goddess,
ence
to,
of the god of
god of
Xochipilli, the
synonym,
hymn
hymn
meaning,
functions
of,
41
high priest of Totec,
58.
to,
41
its
to 54, 55.
hymn
Yacatecutli,
god of
travelers,
Yoatzin, the
god of
night, 57, 58.
Youallauan, the nocturnal
tippler,
to, 67.
29.
;
refer-
2241DR
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2012 with funding from

Brigham Young University- Idaho

THE ANCIENT MEXICANS,

\RAPHRASE, NOTES AND

aboriginal american literature.

Rig Veda Americanus.

EDITED, WITH A PARAPHRASE, NOTES AND

IJRINTON. A.M., M.D.,

Archaology and Linguistic*

FEU. & CO.,

ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE,

America by native (Indian) authors, edited

THE CHRONICLES OF THE MAYAS.

THE IROQUOIS BOOK OF

THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GUEGUENCE.

for the use of

A MIGRATION LEGEND OF THE CREEK INDIANS.

THE LENAPE AND THEIR LEGENDS.

THE ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS.

Edited by Daniel G. Brinton, m.d.

ANCIENT NAHUATL POETRY.

Edited by Daniel G. Brinton, m.d.

These are sold separately, or the whole

OPINIONS AND PRESS NOTICES.

American Journal of Philology

Dr. Brinton should be welcomed by

antiquarian students, for they

The American Antiquarian.

" Scholars everywhere should vie with each other

must repeat our thanks

express our sincere wishes for

Dr. Brinton for this excellent

Brinton's Library muss

ne peut que remercier

and we hope that their publication will be

these volumes are of the highest interest;

the antiquary, philologist and ethnologist

Friedrich Miiller, of Vienna, in the Mittheil. der

savant professeur de Philadelphie pour cette excellente

mene si activement, aura certainement pour

L'oeuvre qu'il a entreprise et qu'il

In 1885 the Societe Americaine de France decreed the bestowal of a medal

upon the editor of

Medaille de la Societe Americaine d'apres une composition nou-

adelphie, delegue general de

Docteur Daniel G. Brinton, a Phil-

Alliance Scientifique Universelle pour les

savants travaux au premier rang des Americanistes du

Rapport Annuel sur

For copies or further particulars, address the general editor,

In accordance with the general object of this series of

to furnish materials for study rather

than to offer completed studies

most ancient authentic record

antiquity and char-

call this little collection

similar cyclus of sacred

hymns, which are the most venerable product of the

translation of these mystic chants

with the utmost reserve.

familiar with the ancient

Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his