Forward 3 Methodology 4 Challenges 5 Caymanas Park 6 Competition for Land 13 Hors

e racing stakeholders by place of residence. 15 Marginalization and Social Dislo

cation 16 Portmore community data profile 19 Economic Linkages and Externalities
23 Portmore Public Perception of Caymanas Park 26 At Caymanas Park 33 Ecologica
l Description 33 Land Usage and Facilities 38 Provisions for The Physically Chal
lenged 40 On Track Punters 42 General Operations At The Track 52 The Claims Mark
et 65 Distances Ran 73 Betting 78 Total Purse Paid Out (1991-2007) 81 The Backst
retch 84 Reported Horse Deaths In The Industry 87 Stable and Horse Distribution
By Trainer 89 Cull 89 The Betting Sector, Years 2002-2007 91 Overseas Betting 94
Number of Local Racing Bookmakers and Offices 2004-2007 95 The Illegal Betting
Sector 97 Betting Offices 99 Bookmakers Performance 2004-2007 (J$) 100 Purse Mon
ey 2002-2007 105 Disqualifications and Late Non-Starters, Years 2002-2007 109 A
General Overview of The Betting Sector 111 The Stud Farm Sector 199-2007 115 Stu
d Farm Earnings 127 Thoroughbred Owners & Breeders Associations Yearling Sales Revi
ew Farm Hygiene Practices 138 Farm Community Relationship 141 The Jamaica Racing
Commission 144 The Organizational Structure Of The Jamaica Racing Commission 14
8 Industry Unique Departments 149 General Observation 150 The Staff 151 Some Obs
ervations 153 Performance 164 Government Direct Investment 167 The Role of the J
amaica Racing Commission in the Production Chain Appendix 1 171 Appendix 2 172 A
ppendix 3 173 Appendix 4 175 Appendix 5 176 Appendix 6 177 Appendix 7 188 Append
ix 8 191 Appendix 9 192 Appendix 10 194 Appendix 11 197
131
169

Appendix 12 198
Forward The period between the years 2001 and 2007 was a very challenging one fo
r all segments of the Jamaican racing industry, with the industry entering into
a slump between the years 2004 and 2005. The industry however, showed great resi
lience and developed new approaches in order to safeguard revenues: one saw the
development of claiming races by the promoter, the taking of steps by the betting
sector to maximize earnings from each location, and in the breeding sector ther
e was a widening of the distribution of serving stallions, hence creating new re
venue flows. Notwithstanding the difficulties of the period, the racing industry
remains a very profitable area of investment for the Government of Jamaica, wit
h each dollar directly invested in the Jamaica Racing Commission leading to the
generation of over ninety dollars in return, an area contributing a minimum of t
wo percent of the GNP. The face of racing changed tremendously over the period,
as there was a significant increase in the number of owners, trainers and jockey
s. Thanks to the efforts of the Jamaica Racing Commission, through its training
programme one saw a raising of the level of competence and professionalism among
jockeys and trainers. One saw also a strengthening of the level of organization
of the occupational groups, even where this led to more and not less challenges
to the views of the

Commission. The industry today is very democratic, with the views and opinions o
f the largest owners to the poorest groom finding its space and equal time aroun
d the table. This study was designed and done, in such a manner, not only to col
lect and present information, but also, where possible, to indicate the areas of
challenges and opportunities, and as such it is hoped that it will find use by
the various stakeholders in the planning and development process. Methodology Th
is research, in the collection of information relied on the following methods: 1
. Interviews where large population segments, such as punters, community residen
ts etc, were being targeted; 2. Executive interviews where detailed background i
nformation was required; 3. Observation in order to get information about proces
ses or about the state of affairs in a given local; 4. Content research, using p
repared texts in order to solicit written open ended feed back, and 5. The econo
mic or statistical analysis of various in-house data set.
Challenges This research was hampered in its start and in its implementation by
a lack of financial resources, which meant that rural locations which were initi
ally targeted for visiting and processing could not be done in the manner desire
d, thus usage of the information gathered by the Registration Department during
visits to the farms was used. The failure of stakeholders to keep formal records
was another area of challenge, as some farm operators have no records of date o
f arrival or of death of a given mare. This situation held true for trainers als
o, who depended in the main on memory rather than records. An area of special ch
allenge was that of receiving doctored information, aimed at advancing one or mo
re personal or group causes, e.g. trainers and or jockeys. Here the intent was t
o point the research into a given direction. Trainers were most guilty of carryi
ng the doctoring of information.
Caymanas Park Location:Caymanas Park is a one hundred and ninety six (196) acre
equine complex located north of the Helshire Hills, west of Waterford and Hog To
wn, and south of Gregory Park.

The complex lies on the Rio-Cobre Flood Plains, however as a result of (a) ineff
iciencies in agricultural irrigation systems, (b) type of crop production, (c)ma
l-placement of wells, (d) nitrate and heavy metal contamination of aquifers (f)
salt water seepage and (g) rapid urbanization coupled with the fact that area is
in the shadows of the nearby mountain range, has meant that there is currently
a relative shortage of portable water and an intensive ongoing competition for w
ater resources. There are questions from a hydrological perspective as to the lo
ng term viability of Caymanas Park, which from a gallon per acre standpoint is a
very demanding consumer of fresh water, with a very poor water management syste
m coupled with freedom of use without payment. Table 1. Major water basins of Ja
maica Hydrologic Basin Area (km2) Rainfall (106m3) Evapotranspiration (106m3) Su
rface water runoff (106m3) Groundwater discharge (106m3) Blue Mountains South 67
8 1,694 912 662 147 Kingston 202 312 208 81 50 Ro Cobre 1,283 2,009 1,450 177 472
Ro Minho 1,700 2,420 1,641 225 593 Black River 1,460 2,530 1,530 346 654 Cabarit
a River 924 1,890 1,019 366 451 Great River 791 1,685 863 467 355 Martha Brae, R
iver 756 1,154 673 279 201 Dry Harbour Mountains 1,362 2,450 1,302 457 691 Blue
Mountains North 1,597 5,068 2,346 2,452 278 Total 10,753 11,906 5,512 3,892 Sour
ce :- FAO statistics
Digital image and aerial view of the Rio Cobre and Rio Minho-Milk river basins o
n the south coast of Jamaica, West Indies. EXPLANATION BASINS RCB - Rio Cobre Ba
sin RM-MRB - Rio Minho-Milk River Basin KB - Kingston basin LIMESTONE HILLS MH Manchester Highlands (Ls) KH - Kemps Hill (Ls). BM - Brazilletto Mt. (ls) PR Portland Ridge (ls) HH - Hellshire Hills (ls.) STRUCTURAL FEATURES SCFZ - South
Coast Fault Zone - Faults BOUNDARIES - White Limestone/

alluvium contact - Basin Boundary Present and Future Water Supply from the Rio C
obre Basin Systems (MCM/Year) Rio Cobre Basin Present Supply 304.7 Demand 2015 4
49.62 Future Supply With Present Systems 304.7 Developmental Needs* 144.92 Devel
opmental needs are defined as the difference between the demand in the year 2015
and the future supply with present systems Source, US Army Corp of Engineers, S
outhern Command The area faces danger from floods caused by seasonal tropical ra
ins, water and wind damage by hurricanes and other tropical systems, and lies al
ong a line of fault and hence the danger of earthquakes are always present. Of p
articular concern is the state and capacity of Waterford Canal, the UDC-Town Cen
tre Drain, and other minor systems. It should be noted that flood water drains c
oming directly from the communities to the east and north east, runs directly th
rough the Caymanas Park complex and directly under the racing track. This alread
y complex situation was made even more complicated by the construction of Highwa
y 2000, which crosses both the Waterford Canal and the UDC-Town Centre Drain. Th
e highway can, under particular conditions have a damming effect and in other ci
rcumstances become a run of canal for storm water coming from distances as far a
s the Old Harbour turn off. The Waterford Canal has a catchment area of approxim
ately 1,560,000m2 while the UDC Town Centre drain has a catchment area of 385,000
m2. The is a need for hydrological studies to identify what conditions can lead
to the submerging of significant portions of Caymanas Park under water, thus for
cing the closure of the complex, and to identify the conditions which could lead
to the cutting off of Caymanas Park and surrounding communities from the main c
hannels of transportation by flood/storm waters. Currently Caymanas Park plays a
critical role in storm water management system as a point for slowing and holdi
ng excess storm water runoff that could cause damage elsewhere. Summary of some
of the engineering and ecological recommendations Peak flow rates for Waterford
Canal and UDC-Town Centre Drain Return Period (year) Waterford canal UDC-Town Ce
ntre Drain 5 25.2 8.5 10 32.2 10.5 25 42.4 13.4 50 49.4 15.8 100 58.8 17.9 Sourc
e:-Hunt,s Bay-Portmore Causeway Report, June 2000 Water level rise due to Extrem
e Hurricane Waves and Storm water Run off conditions Return Period (Years) Hurri
cane Waves-Static water level Component (m) Storm water run off-Static Water lev
el component (m) 25 1.55 0.645 50 1.74 0.845 100 1.98 1.195

Source:-Hunts Bay-Portmore Causeway Report, June 2000 From a socio-demographic st

andpoint, Caymanas Park lies between the mature communities of Waterford, Indepe
ndence City, Caymanas Gardens and Christian Pen: Communities characterized by ten
ementization of residential properties, commercialization of some residential pro
perties, the exodus of the more affluent persons from the community, the sales o
f properties, etc. One finds along two of the perimeter walls of the Caymanas co
mplex, Quartile 4 squatter communities, characterized by a lack of access to run
ning water, legal domestic electrical supply, basic schools and other social inf
rastructure, high levels of unemployment and high levels of female fertility. Se
veral similar communities exist within the radius of one mile from Caymanas Park
. Competition for Land Caymanas Park exists within the Municipality of Portmore,
the single largest and fastest growing municipality of this kind in the English
-speaking Caribbean. The area has witnessed a rapid conversion of sugar-cane far
m lands belonging to the Bernard Lodge Sugar Estate, into sub-divisions and hous
ing estate and shopping complexes such as the Portmore Pines Shopping Centre, an
d others. Along with the coming into being and continuous development of the mun
icipality, one finds the evolution of a modern road system, the installation of
a modern telephone and cable systems, plumbing and sewage systems, the construct
ion of Highway 2000, among others. These developments have further stimulated th
e demand for land for residential and commercial purposes. Caymanas Park with it
s 196 acres (with an estimated unimproved value of J$2.5 million per acre) from
the perspective of the developmental needs of Portmore, is faced more than ever
with the need to prove to the municipality that an equine facility of its kind i
s the best potential use that can be made of the land it holds. Here national ne
eds or desires are of secondary importance to the perceived developmental needs
of Portmore. Ranking of Firms By Observed Size of Work Force Firm Ranking Bernar
d Lodge Sugar Estate 1 Caymanas Track Limited 2 Portmore Community College 3 The
Jamaica Constabulary Force 4 Call Centers 5 Mega Mart 6 Shoppers Fair Super Mar
ket 7 High Way 2000 8 Note:-Bernard Lodge uses a lot of seasonal labour. So far,
the fact that the Peoples National Party with its four Members of Parliament in
the municipality, view this facility as having some status value, and their Jam
aica Labour Party constituency counterparts have not found reasons to oppose the
existence of this facility; has played a role in protecting the facility from o
pen demands for a change in land use. The fact that the equine complex provides
some level of tactical employment for some supporters of both parties, has also
served to preserve its value to the political machinery in the municipality, and
keep in check some of the more organized anti- Caymanas Park sentiments which m
ight exist. Owners Trainers Assistant Trainers Jockeys Grooms Stable Assistants
Exercise Riders Kingston

& St. Andrew 248 60 10 39 43 6 5 St. Catherine 189 62 26 88 335 15 32 Clarendon

30 5 2 1 7 0 0 Manchester 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 St. Elizabeth 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Westmoreland
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 St. James 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trelawny 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 St. Ann 6 0 0 0 0
0 0 St. Mary 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 Overseas based interests 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 It should be
noted that Caymanas Park has over the last five to ten years, sought to improve
its relationship with the wider community, by actively supporting several educat
ional institution, including the Portmore Community College, Waterford Comprehen
sive High School among others, and by supporting other community activities such
as Portmore week. Source: Jamaica Racing Commission Horse racing stakeholders b
y place of residence. It is worthwhile noting that ownership of thoroughbred hor
ses has a very strong middle class, middle income characteristic and is far less
an industry dominated by the economic elite as one might have been led to belie
ve. Additionally a minimum of nine hundred Portmore residents earn a direct inco
me from Caymanas Park, as owners, trainers, grooms, jockeys, waiters, security g
uards, cashiers etc. Place of Residence of Caymanas Park Thoroughbred Owners and
Associated Horsemen Marginalization and Social Dislocation The poor management
of the development of Portmore has witnessed some of the worse cases of social m
arginalization witnessed anywhere in Jamaica, with entire villages and settlemen
ts being converted within months into inner city communities, communities such a
s Gregory Park, Reids Pen, Wallen Avenue, Grange Lane, once had their own concep
ts of social hierarchy and status, a village middle class etc. The structure of
these communities were destroyed in a relatively short period of time, by the in
flux of an urban middle class, enjoying a higher standard of living and higher i
ncomes, bicycles were displaced by the motor car, pit latrines by flush toilets,
pasture lands by shopping centres and housing schemes. An entire way of life wa
s destroyed, leaving behind a native population without the education, income or
resources to compete, and the birth of a population of gardeners, and petty-thi
eves. The problem of crime and social dislocation in the municipality of Portmor
e was and is compounded by the birth of near parentless children, whose parents
leave out early in the mornings and return in the evenings or night, leaving chi
ldren unattended before and after school. The implications and consequences on t
he security of patronage and operations at Caymanas Park are yet to be measured.
What is known is that the members of gangs in Portmore compared with those of K
ingston are relatively youthful, educated, and with the assault rifle giving way
to the 9 mm.

Population per Parish Name Capital A (km2) C 1982-06-08 C 1991-04-08 C 2001-09-1

0 Clarendon May Pen 1196 203 132 212 324 237024 Hanover Lucea 450 62 837 65 958
67037 Kingston Kingston 22 104 041 103771 96052 Manchester Mandeville 830 144029
164979 185801 Portland Port Antonio 814 73656 76067 80205 St. Andrews Kingston
431 482 889 540030 555828 St. Ann St. Ann s Bay 1213 137745 149015 166762 St. Ca
therine Spanish Town 1192 332 674 361535 482308 St. Elizabeth Black River 1212 1
36 897 144118 146404 St. James Montego Bay 595 135 959 156152 175127 St. Mary Po
rt Maria 611 105969 107 993 111466 St. Thomas Morant Bay 743 80 441 84266 91604
Trelawny Falmouth 875 69466 71646 73066 Westmoreland Savanna-la-Mar 807 120622 1
28213 138947 Jamaica Kingston 10991 2 190357 2366067 2607632 1982) UN Demographi
c Yearbook 1988. (1991) Britannica Book of the Year 1993. (2001) Statistical Ins
titute of Jamaica (web). As can be seen from the table below, with the exception
of murder and violence against the individual, Jamaicas crime statistics are sti
ll well in keeping with those of many developed country and hence by itself crim
e is not a major deterrent to large investment, Caymanas Park, once community st
ability can be preserved, should be able to function without major problems. Her
e the attitude of the two major political parties towards peace and security in
that area of Portmore is even of a more critical value than the presence or abse
nce of the police. Portmore community data profile Population (estimated) 225,00
0 Number of housing units (estimated) 45,000 Number of persons with access to ru
nning water 195,000 Capacity of sewage treatment plants 9.7 m.g.d. Illegal Dumps
ites 11 Dental clinics 1 Health Centres 3 Fire Station 1 Libraries 4 Police Stat
ions 4 Post Offices 4 Courts 1

Educational/Training Institutions 65 -of which: Basic 38 Primary 16 Secondary 5

Tertiary 1 Other (Skills training) 5 Source:-Roundtable Workshop ICT for Good Go
vernance in Portmore, Kingston, Jamaica, September 27-29, 2001
Of vital importance to patronage of Caymanas Park, is the need for steps to be t
aken to reduce the high levels of social marginalization in and around the neigh
bouring squatter communities and in communities such as Waterford. Without this
reversal or slowing of the process of marginalization, and, without a better und
erstanding of the value and contribution of Caymanas Park to these communities,
Caymanas Park as a business venture and as a meeting place for the more socially
affluent could become targets for economic crimes. Currently the management of
Caymanas Track Limited is known from television by those who follow the sports n
ews or the sports section of the newspapers and not in a face to face manner by
those who live in the communities. It is not usual for the management or members
of the Board of Caymanas Track Limited to be seen at meetings of the various Ci
tizen Associations, at Sports Days at schools or Churches, or visiting any of th
e various community bars or cook shops. Hence a feeling of distance towards thos
e who lead Caymanas Track Limited and those, especially younger people, is not u
nnatural and is to be expected. Total recorded crime per 100,000 population sour
ce:-United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justic
e Systems Country\Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1987 1988 1989 19
90 1991 1992 1993 3,164 3,303 3,027 Antigua and Barbuda 48 79 99 134 168 179 165
1,251 1,002 1,028 2,025 2,152 2,275 Argentina 342 363 441 351 265 270 331 326 A
ustralia 4,594 5,047 5,147 5,135 5,185 5,648 5,274 5,923 5,991 6,351 6,181 6,285
Austria 266 Azerbaijan 6,493 7,737 Bahamas 3,677 Bangladesh 1,276 Belgium 7,888
215 216 306 245 249 232 216 5,786 6,019 5,076 5,053 5,720 5,791 6,806 6,202 6,7
16 7,291 7,816 7,146 6,688 3,555 479 456 1,236 7,935 8,327 9,641 471 3,011 557 5
88 584 541 738 792 937 998 1,161 1,251 9,091 9,147 8,234 7,509 9,590 9,034 10,77
5 9,966

Botswana 506 507 526 560 552 541 624 772 1,877 2,387 2,328 2,363 2,465 2,348 2,9
09 Burundi 8,804 9,191 9,192 8,836 8,713 8,751 9,061 10,603 11,447 11,111 10,497
9,979 Canada 9,287 Chile 140 132 Colombia 1,321 Costa Rica 1,617 Croatia 1,333
1,939 Cyprus 3,636 Czech Rep. 8,282 11,091 10,043 Egypt 2,451 Estonia 1,968 2,19
2 2,632 Fiji 10,062 8,779 7,273 Finland 4,877 5,943 France 255 Georgia 5,618 Ger
many 2,954 3,336 Hong Kong 1,737 4,572 Hungary 182 Iraq 2,778 Ireland 1,418 Isra
el 2,479 4 Italy 2,120 8,784 90 74 131 1,382 1,341 541 3,822 1,365 522 539 1,318
1,277 599 596 1,223 4,488 60 50 874 871 4,333 52 51 880 857 7,027 4,396 195 206
950 1,397 1,155 1,141 1,344 1,569 523 1,481 7,757 136 137 1,243 1,918 8,130 139
1,496 550 612
3,917 8,313 8,512 9,015 9,756 11,531 11,471 11,907 12,084 10,051 1,515 2,384 2,6
65 2,414 2,809 1,919 1,950 2,055 2,086 1,873 2,184 2,374 2,386 2,719 10,596 10,8
81 12,040 13,416 7,812 7,792 7,644 7,650 6,156 5,334 6,562 6,266 6,677 6,512 6,7
32 361 6,700 402 5,309 8,116 3,562 3,454
10,391 11,878 10,309 2,027 2,517 2,033 2,672 2,679 14,208 7,352
13,390 7,472 6,765 443 6,488 406 5,425 8,025 2,933 2,909 3,795 595 1,567 605 2,6
88 1,307 2,410 3,805 2,114 2,295
325
267 256 4,873 3,063 3,256 3,591 1,219
5,193 3,179 3,503
5,479 3,424 3,678
5,573 8,168 3,996
3,147 4,907 603
1,260 1,308 1,421 1,478 3,291 4,256 4,332 3,895 5,066 575 559 602 582 577 583 18
1 179 2,500 2,678 2,830 2,845 2,775 2,482 1,350 1,404 5,385 5,569 6,276 2,019 2,
089 1,987 2,134 2,251 4,411 4,666 4,204 3,961 4 2,355 2,277 2,140 2,207 2,285 2,
085 2,034 2,016 2,156
1,383 4
Jamaica 1,178 1,244 1,291 1,292 1,324 1,331 1,302 1,397 1,451 1,469 1,512 1,491
1,421 14,409 1,507 Japan 731 715 604 621 636 618 714 690 739 807 581 905

929 Jordan 1,250 Kiribati 1,988 2,826 Korea, Rep. 1,262 Kuwait 908 Latvia 2,043
1,062 1,238
1,053 1,145 1,156
906 1,057 1,216 1,047 1,628 1,632 1,666 1,972 1,942 1,948 2,677 2,740 2,773 2,96
1 2,945 2,672 3,041 Of 235 230 257 237 260 311 324 907 1,046 675 866 804 1,608 1
,556 1,534 1,299 1,496 720 978 1,575 948 920 2,351
Perhaps with the usage of retired geldings and in conjunction with the local hig
h schools, the Caymanas Track Ltd. could form Junior Jockey Clubs, which would see
k to meet the needs of some of the thirteen to seventeen year olds for after sch
ool activities. Basic riding and horsemanship could be taught in these clubs. Ad
ditionally, schools could be encouraged to adopt retired horses, which could for
m the basis for the introduction of polo at the high school level. Economic Link
ages and Externalities Caymanas Park has served to stimulate the development of
stud farms in and around the Portmore Municipality and some three Off Track Bett
ing Parlors, creating an estimated eighteen full-time jobs and roughly thirty se
asonal jobs. Seasonal employment peaks during the stud season. Within the transp
ort sector, one finds an increase in the number of passengers going in the direc
tion of Caymanas Park on race days, however a more detailed transport study is n
eeded in order to determine the impact of race days on traffic flows, and to ide
ntify the influence of the Portmore Community College, which has a number of cla
sses starting at roughly the same time as the start and or end of the race day.
The Municipality of Portmore has a Chamber of Commerce and is the home of over t
wo hundred small businesses, ranging from call centres, manufacturing shops (coo
king oil processing plant, textile producers, furniture making shops, soap and p
erfume manufacturers, etc), aquarium fish farmers, pet bird farmers to retailers
. The two main challenges facing the local business community are affordable loc
ations and market access. Caymanas Track Ltd, had been a member of the steering
committee that guided the formation of the Portmore Chamber of Commerce and Indu
stry, and its Executive Marketing Manager, Millicent Lynch became the first Pres
ident of this special interest body. While Caymanas Track Ltd. played and is pla
ying an active role in the promotion of the interests of industry and commerce i
n the Municipality of Portmore, Caymanas Park has on the whole failed to stimula
te the formation of any significant complementary business activities in the Por
tmore Municipality, in the main because of its own narrow focus on Race Day orga
nization. Factory Capa city Production Tonnes 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Frome 90,000 59,108 64,078 56,534 53,117 56,978 42,515 46,546 Monymusk 65,000 4
2,247 32,559 22,666 19,028 27,258 9,322 18,424 Bernard Lodge 50,000 29,325 28,19
3 19,673 16,798 21,869 14,053 15,124 Appleton 50,000 23,291 30,709 26,707 20,882
29,267 21,404 26,327

Trelawny Sugar 30,000 15,600 8,967 9,873 10,475 10,410 4,654 9,005 St. Thomas Su
gar 25,000 13,383 10,615 10,968 9,685 13,492 10,426 10,927 Worthy Park 26,000 25
,188 22,339 23,066 22,552 24,566 21,833 20,958 Source: - Sugar Industry Authorit
y Bernard Lodge has, over the years lost significant amounts of land from sugar
cane farming owing to real estate development and or soil exhaustion. It is a po
ssibility that the sale of stable waste to the neighbouring cane farmers by Caym
anas Park Limited could promote soil renewal, which would increase the productiv
ity of existing farm lands. Owner-trainers involved in crop production speak of
the positive impact and cost reduction stable waste has had on their farms. One
can only but note that while punters use hundreds of race meet programs on any g
iven race day, none are produced in the Portmore community, while each jockey an
d horse in any given race must wear the colours of its owners, none of these col
ours are produced in the community; groom, trainers, stable assistants and other
persons working in the back-stretch wear caps during the day in order to better
cope with the sun, none of these caps are made anywhere in the Portmore communi
ty; Caymanas Park is a bulk producer of horse manure, yet there are no plant nur
series within the Portmore community; while medina, the hibiscus plant and duckw
eed are known to be good sources of protein and are directly substitutable for t
he alfalfa plant, no step has so far being taken to encourage their cultivation
on those available lands on the fringes of the municipality. Here however one sh
ould note, that grooms do harvest from the fringes of the various cane farms in
and around Portmore, herbs such as Medina, Bima, and other such beneficial plant
s. Further co-operation might be possible with the technical staff of Bernard Lo
dge in the usage of saw dust and rice hull in the generation of electricity to p
ower the operation of the pumps at Caymanas Park. Portmore Public Perception of
Caymanas Park Given the fact that the Municipality of Portmore still retains a v
ery strong dormitory characteristic, and given the fact that Portmore is the hom
e of some 150 thousand adults, while Caymanas Park employs just a bit more than
1000 persons directly or indirectly , a persons attitude towards Caymanas Park is
strongly determined by the persons family history, the age of the person, the pe
rsons attitude towards gambling in general, the employment status of the person,
the persons relationship with employees of the track and the persons gender. Caym
anas Track has a strong appeal to young college educated males and females, who
do not live near to the track. Their not visiting Caymanas Park comes has a resu
lt of not been invited (females) or not having an excuse to go (males). While th
e negative influence of gambling on family members and on the family has a whole
can possibly explain the negative attitude of some respondents to thoroughbred
racing and to visiting Caymanas Park, further studies are needed to explain why
both male and female respondents who live near to Caymanas Park seem to have a l
ower interest in thoroughbred racing and to visiting Caymanas Park. It is intere
sting to note that females are more willing to go on a date at Caymanas Park, th
an are males prepared to invite their girlfriends on dates to Caymanas Park. The
role played by male insecurity and fear of competition could be feasible reason
s for the higher level of male reluctance to carry their dates to Caymanas Park.

Its is however clear, that Caymanas Track Ltd. in is Marketing Strategy, needs t
o do more to provide young college educated persons with a reason to visit Caymana
s Park, here the approach used in selling Baseball by the deliberate promotion o
f stars such as Michael Jordon, Magic Johnson, Pepping and others, the promotion o
f clashes between teams, could be adopted, where jockeys are promoted as super s
tars and clashes between stables are promoted. There also appears to be a space
on the date venue market that could be exploited by Caymanas Park Ltd. If college
educated females find the idea of going with their boyfriend on dates to Caymana
s Park, appealing, then maybe Caymanas Track Limited, has a responsibility in as
sisting these females to get their boyfriends to carry then to watch thoroughbre
d racing. It is important to note that people and young people in particular do
not see visiting Caymanas Park as being identical to being willing to gamble. Eq
ually the existence or none existence of corruption in races at Caymanas Park is
not a determining factor in deciding whether or not a visit to Caymanas Park wo
uld be refreshing and exciting. In fact the thought of set races and bandolu runnin
gs are much stronger among unemployed males who feel that they can make a money f
rom horse racing if they had the right links. It is also important to note that,
visiting Caymanas Park is less appealing to parents over the age of thirty. Att
itude to Caymanas Park (percent of age sample of 600) Attitude to Caymanas Park/
Personal attributes Would visit Would not visit Caymanas Park adds Value to the
community Cayman. Park does not add value to community College Educated (female
) 70 25 80 17 Did not attend college(female) 60 35 70 30 College Educated (male)
90 10 65 30 Did not attend college(male) 95 5 73 27 Live near to Cayman Park (f
emale) 30 70 80 20 Does not live near to Cayman Park (female) 80 20 70 25 Live n
ear to Cayman Park (male) 65 40 78 15 Does not live near to Cayman Park (male) 8
0 20 84 10 unemployed 90 5 96 employed 78 12 65 30 Respondent older than 30 year
s of age 55 30 60 28 Respondent younger than 30 years of age 77 13 83 10 has a p
unter in family 60 35 55 43 Does not have a punter in family 83 15 76 15 Would c
arry girl friend to Caymanas Park 75 20 70 20 Would not carry girlfriend to Caym
anas Park 65 35 68 27 See Appendix 1 for sample questionnaire As was expected, t
he vast majority of respondents do believe that the presence Caymanas Park, does
positively contribute to the Portmore community. In fact there is a strong posi
tive correlation between those who would visit Caymanas Park and those who think
that its presence contribute positively to the community of Portmore. The views
of female college students, are of particular importance, firstly because of th
eir abilities to influence male views as to where is a good place to visit or wh
ere is not a good place to visit and secondly because of the fact that within th
e near future, these will be individuals with some amount of disposable income t
o spend on entertainment. A survey done on this population of females (see table
below) has revealed that it

is of importance to separate the act of visiting Caymanas Park from the act of g
ambling. While a majority of the respondents do not see the act of watching a li
ve race as being particularly sinful, the act of betting on a horse is seen by a
significant number of these respondents, as being sinful. In other words nothin
g is wrong with watching a live race, but something is wrong with betting on hor
ses, even where the respondents buys Pick 3, Lotto etc. Previous exposure to equ
ine (horse or donkey) racing does not seem to play an important role in determin
ing the attitude of the respondents towards horse racing; what is more important
seems to be their view as to the correctness or incorrectness of young professi
onal women seeing horse racing as an acceptable form of entertainment. Is it a p
lace where a good progressive woman can go? Caymanas Track has a very difficult
job in encouraging second visits by this group of respondents, because the ambie
nce is seen as being very noisy, unruly, smoked filled and harassment encouragin
g, by those respondents of the group that has actually visited the track. It is
seen as a mans space and not being female friendly. It is also important to note, t
hat a significant percentage of these respondents would accompany their boyfrien
d or husbands to the track.
Female Full Time College ( UWI & UTECH) Students Views on Horse racing ( Sample
size =400) Question % responding yes % responding no % not answering Have you ever g
one to Horse racing at Caymanas Park? 33 67 0 Do you think that upstanding progr
essive young women should visit Caymanas Park? 61 35 4 Have you ever placed a be
t on horse racing? 24 75 1 Do you play Lotto or Pick 3 or any other such betting
? 30 66 4 If your husband or boyfriend invited you on a date to Caymanas Park, w
ould you go? 58 42 0 Do you know of any woman of any age who goes to watch horse
racing at Caymanas Park? 40 54 6 Have you ever seen a live horse racing competi
tion? 35 65 0 Have you ever seen a live donkey racing competition? 3 97 0 Do you
think to go to watch horse racing is a sinful act? 11 89 0 Is betting on horse
racing a sinful act? 57 41 2 Do you watch horse racing on television? 34 66 Can
you give the name of one racing horse? 48 48 4 Can you give the name of one jock
ey? 53 47 0 See Appendix 2 for sample questionnaire Horse racing is seen as bein
g relatively boring by a significant number of respondents and its broadcast by
television is not seen as being exciting. Further studies are needed in order to
compare audience response to television as against radio, and in order to ident
ify the specific determinants of excitement in horse racing, e.g. tone of voice,
speed of speech, level of excitement in the voice of commentator, position of c
ameras, facial expression of jockeys, the movements of the horse etc.

One notes the very low usage of adjectives by race commentators, and near noncom
mentary on the efforts and or actions of the jockeys; equally there is a lack of
pre-race build up by commentators and the voice of a jockey or actions of the h
orse preparing to go out is never heard. Is there competition between individual
trainers, stables or jockeys in a given race? If yes, how do these players feel
about their competitors and from which point on the track will they start whopp
ing their competitors. From observation, commentary tends to be too cut and dry
and very much similar to a scientific report factual but without colour.
At
Caymanas Park
Ecological Description Caymanas Park, lying in the Rio Cobre Basin has a Histoso
l type of soil, which is rich in organic matter. This type of alluvial soil, by
Jamaican classification of land for agricultural purposes (see table below), usi
ng the 1983 system, soil at Caymanas Park belong to type ll, group 2, good for t
he cultivation of sugar cane, or good to be used for pasture. Generalized capabi
lity classification of Jamaican land for agricultural purposes
In terms of physical characteristics, this type of soil tends to hold water beca
use of its high organic content, relatively easy to be worked with tools, and re
latively flat. Alluvial soil of this type tends to be nutrient poor. While this
reality reduces the possibility of Caymanas Park being converted to agricultural
use, it does make the soil of good quality for its designated use, the mass hol
ding and racing of horses. Soil potential rating system for crop production Huma
n interaction with the soil over the decades and the using of sand for surfacing
purposes has significantly changed the plant types that grow uncultivated on th
is land. The fact that the soil is constantly subjected to water flows from the
water cistern system and from corroded sub terrain pipes, (for example pipe from
pump to the Azan Stables) has reduced the influence of seasons on plant selecti
on, creating space for flora of the type native to the places with a high level
of precipitation and even plants such as duckweed and algae which are found in w
ater-logged places. On the other hand, flora belonging to the dry plains

has experienced a catastrophic reduction in habitat. The usage of sand over the
decades, has changed both the chemical make up of the soil by increasing salinit
y, and changing its physical capacity. By the addition of very large quantities
of sand, the load bearing capacity of the soil has improved, equally as the tend
ency to caking has increased. This change has resulted in the need for constant
damping of the soil, to reduce weathering and the nuisance of flying sand partic
les. In order to prevent damage to the hooves of horses in races, from the high
forces of compression with which the hooves of the horses hit the soil. Given th
at the soil type, if taken by appearance and texture, seem to vary between Histo
sols and Nitosols soil types, there is a strong possibility that owing to consis
tent and frequent use of the track for both training and competitive purposes ov
er the decades, sand being driven by the forces of comprehension from surface la
yer of the track into the sub -base layers, could give rise to a type of adobe s
oil type. Adobe soil, has a good carrying capacity and handles well the forces o
f comprehension. There is a need however; to study the impact of an adobe sub ba
se can have on the hooves of a galloping horse. To what extent are the dynamic f
orces coming from the downward thrust of the heel or toe of a horses hoof is refl
ected by this adobe type sub-base back into the foot of the horse and thus resul
ting in damage or injury to the tendons and or ligaments? An important purpose o
f sprinkling of the track is the prevention of the hardening of the sub-base, th
is purpose is also complemented by the raking of the surface sand , where if the
rakes are long enough would also loosen the sand soil mix in the sub-base. The r
akes as observed in the garage have blades that seem to be less than six inches
in length, which raises the question of their adequacy for the job at hand. It w
as also observed that pebbles and small stones, transported by the human carriag
e of sand to the locations over the years, could be seen in and around the stabl
e area, and is a source of annoyance and concern to both grooms and trainers who
have to find and remove them. It is said that a horse stepping on a sharp stone
, could have a similar impact to that of a man stepping with his bare foot on a
thorn, i.e. the result is pain and lameness. While it is not possible at this mo
ment to calculate the cost of lameness to owners or trainers, one can only but n
ote that there is significant number of horses suffering from lameness at Cayman
as Park especially among those horses that race in Claiming Races. According to
both trainers and officials of the Caymanas Track Limited, of some 1100 horses h
oused at the track only about 700 are sound and race ready another 400 suffer fr
om one or another type of problem to the feet.
Land Usage and Facilities The Caymanas Park compound is separated from the adjoi
ning communities by concrete fencing in the east and the west and by chain linke
d fencing in the north east and the south. It is to be noted that as a result of
the process of weathering, the security layers of the concrete fences have eith
er worn down in the case of broken glass bottles or rusted in the case of barbed
wires; while holes have appeared in sections of the north east chain linked fen
ce. Stakeholders Views about Racing Plant Question % yes % no Having no views

Has racing plant improved when compared to past years? 50 50 0 Has racing surfac
e improved when compared to past years? 80 20 0 Have stables improved when compa
red to past years? 50 50 0 Has stable area improved when compared to past years?
30 70 0 Dou you think that the purse structure is adequate at this time compare
d to yesterday? 50 40 Do you think racing is seen as being corrupt when compared
10 0 Do you think that there is a need for a new racing plant? Do you think tha
t there is a need for a Racino at Caymanas See appendix for sample questionnaire
0 to past years? 60 Park 20 80 20 0
90 20
The property is roughly divided into two sections, with one third of the propert
y being used for the purposes of racing, training and administration. The racing
track is nine furlong in length, with two shoots, one at the nine furlong point
and the other at seven furlong point. The racing track is some seventy-five fee
t wide. The track is intensively used for training purposes. It is to be noted t
hat some eighty percent of trainers and jockeys interviewed were of the view tha
t the riding surface has improved, when compared with past years; however some t
rainers and jockeys are of the view that holes have appeared on the track, that
the track area is not properly secure thus allowing the possibility of stray ani
mals crossing the race track during races among other concerns. Neighbouring the
track and its multistory arena are the administrative buildings, which because
of the soil type and locality are single story structures. The arena (all the st
ands taken together) from visual observation can comfortably accommodate roughly
three thousand individuals. The entrance to the arena and the ground floor, are
very unattractive, with the entrance reminding a person of a high security cust
odial facility. The ground floor (entrance to the Club Stand) of the track is ve
ry unattractive, resembling an older European train station in lay -out and colo
ur. Its is a flat area, raised above the ground level of administrative section
and with a passage leading to the none-paying spectator area of the track. This
area has several mounted monitors for the watching of on-going races or simulcas
t races from overseas. The area also doubles as a vending area and an area for s
ocializing. Entrance and exit to those areas designated for paying spectators ar
e on this floor and demarked by heavy iron gates manned by security guards. The
four stand areas, the Club Stand, Grand Stand, Reserve Stand and North Lounge sp
ectator areas are in very good state of repair, and are quite comfortable and ar
e in keeping with the standards seen at other sporting arenas locally and intern
ationally. The Stands on the second and third floors are for paying visitors. Pr
ovisions for The Physically Challenged One should note, that provisions for the
physically challenged wheel chair users, exists only into the Club Stand. Here h
owever, a physically challenged individual would face significant problems going
up or down the only ramp provided because of its steepness. The angle of the ra
mp to the floor is greater than forty degrees, which means that the person must
be very strong to push up themselves in the chair to the floor and in coming dow
n, there is a high possibility that both the wheel

chair and the person unaided will go flying down at high speed. No bath-room pro
visions are made to satisfy the needs of the physically challenged punter, i.e.
there is no bathroom designed for wheel chair entrance, and hand rails on the wa
ll to assist the individual to get up out of the chair or to get off the toilet
seat. This means that the Caymanas Park Limited is still not as yet in keeping w
ith the governments building standards On the third floor of the arena building,
is the North Lounge, which has a very welcoming ambience, good food service in t
erms of menu, quality of food and service, and a comfortable air-conditioned loc
ation for watching the races either on monitors or live; from this patio its is
possible to look at the horses being saddled up for races, jockey mounted horses
entering the arena, etc. The North Lounge is normally where owners, trainers an
d the more affluent visitors meet to watch the races, or to socialize over a mea
l or drink. It is critical here to recognize that the apparently unruly anarchic
culture on the ground floor properly called the Club Stand, which to many non-p
unting observers might be a turn off and unattractive; this area provides a secon
d arena, where a punter is able to whip his fingers, ride his horse in, freely expr
ess his joy or disappointment about the performance of his horse and or jockey; with
out getting in the way of other punters; while creating a powerful feeling of bret
hren ship. From the stand point of entertainment management and service product
creation, it could be considered as a plus, that the management of the track has
being able to consistently create this environment, which is an important and u
nsubstituteable part of the betting experience for many punters. Petty-vendors a
lso benefit from this atmosphere as the punters are more willing to buy cigarett
es, a draw of marijuana and various types of snacks, while the Caymanas Track Li
mited is able to maintain high velocity betting rates as individuals are under s
ome pressure to place their bets and not weigh down man horse. While more money is
wagered on the average bet placed at the North Lounge, the quantity and velocit
y of bets placed in the Club Stand (the ground floor) makes it the main contribu
tor the revenues of the track. Additionally as noted above, the Club Stand (the
ground floor) is opened daily (except on Sundays) for betting on simulcast races
from the United States and elsewhere. It is the replication of the Betting Shop a
tmosphere at the level of the race track on the ground floor (the Club Stand). I
t is this highly spirited, masculine environment that creates a feeling of appre
hension among non-punting first time visitors to the track, and to females in pa
rticular-who appears to experience difficulty coping with hundreds of unruly ung
overned males in a closed place. It also tends to nurture the view, that Caymana
s Park is a place for idlers and careless men. Women and non-punting visitors wh
o make it to either the second or third floors and in particular to the North Lo
unge, find their visit to the track, a pleasant one and generally leave positive
ly surprised at what they discovered. On Track Punters From observation and from
the tables below, the spectator population at the race track, has more in commo
n with the sport of Cricket, than with the sport of Football (Soccer)in the sens
e that it a sport which an individual has to over time acquire a taste for it an
d secondly there are very strong generational influences (i.e. the taste tends t
o be passed down from father to son etc). Similar to Cricket matches, there is a
noticeable strong presence of the thirties and over generation with a sprinklin
g here and there of the seven to twenty-five years age group. In short it appear
s to be a sport for the mature rather than the young. There also appears to be a
strong life time commitment to the sport by the punters of Caymanas Park, even wh
ere there is a significant feeling that the sport of Thoroughbred Racing at Caym
anas Park is corrupt.

Age Distribution of On Track Punters in Percentages Age Range % of respondents 1

8-35 27 36-53 49 54-71 24 See Punters Questionnaire in appendix Amount of Years V
isiting Caymanas Park Visitng track for how many years? 1-9 years 24 10-19 years
42 20 and over 34 See Punters Questionnaire in appendix Punting at Caymanas Park
is in essence a male activity, with the rare occurrence of female punters. This
existing situation is not what the average on track punter would like to see co
ntinuing, and in fact there is a strong view that there are not enough women par
ticipating in the sport. It should however be noted, that this view, possibly sh
ould be understood, that women here means for a strong segment of the punters oth
er women and not their wives or girlfriends who they would not invite to the trac
k. Gender Distribution Among On Track Punters in Percent Gender Male (in %) Fema
le (in %) 91 9. See Punters Questionnaire in appendix ATTITUDE TO WOMEN AT THE TR
ACK AND THE FUTURE OF RACING Yes % No % Racing is a dying sport? 15 79 Would inv
ite wife/girlfriend to track 45 47 Enough women involvement in racing 21 74 See
Punters Questionnaire in appendix Except for a minority of respondents, on track
punters express a relatively high degree of confidence in the future of the spor
t, and do not see it as a dying sport, however there are strong concerns express
ed about the absence of the youth from the track, the dead time between races wh
ich could be filled with other minor events or music and the absence of women (a
bull parade kind of thing) Apart from expressing a strong degree of confidence in
the Sport of Racing, on track punters also do wager a significant percentage of
their wages on races, and this is also a reflection of their commitment to the
sport. Percentage of Salary Wagered on Horse Racing % of salary wagered on Horse
Racing % of Punters 0-9% 25 10-20 34 21 and over 25. See Punters Questionnaire i
n appendix Of major concern here from a betting sales perspective, is the salary
/wage scale of the average punter and related to this is the social class of the
average punter. Observation seems to subject that the average punter is from th
e working class (the proletariat) as against the intelligentsia and other profes
sional groupings and as against entrepreneurs in the classic sense of the word,
where the act of wagering is not identical or seen as an act of investment. The
issue of gender participation and or visitation to the track is also in some of
its dimensions related to the social class of the average punter, for example wh
en a person from the middle classes carries a lady to the Races, it is usually n
ot women from their social groupings but rather from the ranks of the working

classes a ghetto girl, the few female punters at the track also appear to be from
the working classes and in addition the women working at the track are also from
the working classes. Where there are educated women (i.e. women with tertiary l
evel education) working at the track on a race day, nothing is done to distingui
sh them from the other women, for example at the last check point to the third f
loor, there is a small table around which, sits at least two women, one known to
have tertiary level, yet without knowing her, one could be led to believe that
she and the female security guards or waitresses in the North Lounge are from a
similar educational background. This failure to differentiate contributes to the
view that only women from the lower classes visit or work at the track. Being a
punter, in the strictest sense of the word, does not mean being a gambler in a
general sense, most of the responding on track punters wager only on horse racin
g, at the track or at an Off-Track Betting Parlor. Here one has to take into acc
ount the fact that there is a level of substitutability between the Off Track Be
tting Parlors and On Track Betting, hence Caymanas Track Limited neither defacto n
or de-jure has a monopoly on betting on horse races. One also notes that Lotto and
others such gaming are substitutes in demand, in the eyes of more than a few pu
nters. Here there is a need to for more study to be done, in order to determine,
if the quantity of money spent on gaming activities is a percentage of that tha
t quantity of money that would normally or could be used for the wagering on hor
ses. This study would deeper ones understanding as to the whether or not Lotto a
nd similar games, are from a punters perspective substitutes in demand and hence
competitive products or to what degree are Lotto and such other games compliment
s in demand, products enriching the experience of the punter rather than pulling
him in one direction or the other, in other words are Lotto and other such game
s similar in function as are the women on the side-the sweet hearts or maties who
are not direct competitors with the wife from a perspective of replacement but r
ather experience enriching or are they de-facto competitors for the husbands limite
d resources and time taking from both the wife and the family? It is the view of
nearly have of the respondents that racing at Caymanas Park is corrupt, while o
nly a minority are of the view that racing must be corrupt. This is more signifi
cant when one takes into consideration that more than thirty percent of the resp
ondents refused to answer this question as to whether or not racing at Caymanas
Park is corrupt. And a vast majority of the respondents no not believe that hors
e racing has to be corrupt. Added to this only thirty eight percent of the respo
nding punters are of the view that they are getting value for money at the track
.
Some Off-Track Punters Views Questions/ Response % Yes % No 1. Do you also place
bets at Off Track betting shops? ___ 45 18 2. Do you do most of your betting on
horses at the track?________ 56 3. Do you also bet on Lotto and other games? ___
____ 39 22 4. Do you think that horse racing is corrupt? _________ 49 15 5. Do y
ou think that horse racing has to be (must be) corrupt? _______
5 15

49 6. Are the conditions at the track better than they were when you first start
ed to visit the track? ________ 49 15 7. Are you getting value for money for the
services provided at the track? _______ 30 38
See Punters Questionnaire in appendix The age of the punter and how long he (or s
he) has been visiting the track is a very strong determinant in deciding as to w
hether or not things at the track have improved. Another important determinant i
s the level of exposure of the punter to overseas tracks, with punters referring
to places such as Calder and tracks in the United States. Caymanas Track is less
being measured as to what was there before and is more being measured against wh
at exist now elsewhere.
On Track Punters Views 1 Question/Response % Yes % No 1 Would you carry your chil
dren to the track? _______39 16 2 Is parking at the track adequate? __________ 3
8 20 3 Is security at the track adequate? ________ 40 21 4 Do you live further t
han two (2) miles from the track? _______ 46 5 Do you use your own transportatio
n to get to the track? ________ 52 6 Do you buy refreshment or food at the track
? ___________ 33 17 ON TRACK PUNTERS VIEW 1
12 3
See Punters Questionnaire in appendix While many punters are of the view, that sp
eaking about the conditions at the track or complaining is a waste of time, beca
use nothing will change, from those who answered, one is led to believe that the
re are a significant number of punters who either reside close to the track or h
ave access to the private means of transportation. This reality has implications
for the potential economic contribution of the track to the development of publ
ic transportation to and from the track. While a high percentage of private tran
sportation ownership by the

punters reduces the reliance of the track on the public transport system, its re
lative independence of the public transport system, reduces the number of derive
d employment created by the track and also its economic contribution to the comm
unity. Ownership or access to private means of transportation coupled with a goo
d sense of security, and a feeling that parking is adequate, has perhaps contrib
uted to some punters views that they could carry their children to the track. Thi
s feeling of relative child friendliness is also contributed to by the presence
of some children playing at the track especially in safety of that area in front
of the Grand Stand. Of economic importance also, is the fact that some thirty t
hree percent of the respondents report that they do buy refreshment at the track
.
On Track Punters Views 2
1. Do you think that Caymanas Park has a good influence on the communities next
door to the track?_________ 26 25 2. Do you think that the track has a bad influ
ence on the value of property around the track? _____ 28 23 3. Do you think that
Caymanas Park is doing enough to assist in the development of the neighbouring
communities?_____________ 34 24 4. Do you know if Caymanas Park has a programme
to facilitate the development of youth and service clubs in the neighbouring com
munities?__________ 28 28 5. Would you buy a house next door to Caymanas Park?__
______ 31 24 6. Would you visit a casino? __________ 45 18 7. Would you actively
seek to gamble at a casino? _______ 56 5 8. Would it be a good idea to build a
casino near to the track? ______ 39 22

From the perspective of Community Development, the low level of interest shown b
y punters in responding to those matters relating to the communities around Caym
anas Park is a matter of concern. One could also conclude that the level of punte
rs education on the community outreach activities of Caymanas Track Limited is not
very good, equally as one could conclude that Caymanas Track limited is not ver
y involved in community outreach activities. ,
General Operations At The Track 2000 2001 # of Race days # of Races # of Starts
10050 Avg Start 10.07 2002 93 998 9929 9.72 2003 94 1022 9599 9.61 2004 96 999 8
784 9.52 2005 92 923 7916 9.44 2006 80 839 8162 9.56 2007 82 854 8206 9.56 82 85
8 7519 8.94 80 841
Highest Earning by an individual 7,591,550 11,774,080 11,634,750 12,628,700 12,3
14,600 10,302,250 # of Owners who earn above 300,000 186 184 198 210 Total # Rac
ehorses 1114 1055 1069 1028 958 990 Total # Raceowners 678 656 656 640 582 563 A
verage 1.643067847 1.6082317 1.629573171 1.60625 1.6097152 1.5298126 2000 Starts
2001 2002 10050 9929 2003 9599 2004 8784 2005 7916 241 3483 4441 2006 8162 306
3231 4406 2007 8206 348 2440 3688 7519 375 3169 3227
10,415,855 220 224 961 898 597 587 1.6460481
9,333,000 246 268
1.7584369
# of horses claimed 302 298 # of horses entered for claiming others 6567 6698 71
59 5615
435 3475
444 3756
4518
4292
Native Bred Importee Half Bred NB Gelding IMP Gelding
9038 612 400 200 51
9089 530 310 146 40
8894 468 237 152 29
8172 427 185 244 22
7158 595 163 301 21
7289 740 133 442 24 2006 55 111 3 9 0 15 11
7323 754 129 658 30
6709 584 226 838 11
Total Total Total Total Total Total Total
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of horses Reported Dead 136 # Native Bred horses
Reported Dead 50 # NB Gelding horses Reported Dead 0 # Imp horses Reported Dead
22 # Imp Gelding horses Reported Dead 0 # mares Reported Dead 26 16 # NB mares
Reported Dead 13

Dec-10 2007 73 90 46 57 5 14 0 26 9 0 19 0 29 17
90 69 0 23 0 19 13
88 65 0 23 0 20 10
74 64 0 22 0 3 7
61 50 0 10 0 2

Total # IMP mares Reported Dead 11 Total # NB Stallion Reported Dead 7 Total # I
MP Stallion Reported Dead 5 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission # of Race days 93
0 998 94 1.075269 96 2.12766 92 -4.16667 80 -13.0435 82 2.5 854 82 0 858 80 -2.4
3902
5 2 1
5 4 3
9 0 5
16 1 2
9 1 6
13 0 2
1 2 4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
# of Races 0 10050 1022 2.40481 999 -2.25049 923 -7.60761 839 -9.10076 1.787843
8162 0.468384 8206 841 -1.98135
# of Starts 9929 9599 8784 7916 7519
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
%# of Race days %# of Races 0 0 0 1.075269 2.40481 -1.20398 2.12766 -2.25049 -3.32
36 -4.16667 -7.60761 -8.49047 -13.0435 -9.10076 -9.8816 2.5 1.787843 3.10763 0 0
.468384 0.539084 -2.43902 -1.98135 -8.37192
%# of Starts
From the above, it appears that the number of starts in any given year is the de
termining factor in determining the number of race days and number of races in t
hat given period. . The marginal number of starts either pulls down or pushes up
the marginal number of race days and the marginal number of races.
Total owners 2000 1114 2001 1055 2002 1069 2003 1028 2004 958 2005 990 2006 961
2007 898
# Racehorses 0 678 0.05 656 0.04995005 0.049925112 0.0499002 0.049875312 0.04985
0449 0.04982561
in T#of Horses Total # Race owners
in T#of
0 -0.03245 656 0 640 -2.43902 582 -9.0625 563 -3.2646 597 6.039076 587 -1.67504 %
# of Starts
in T#of Horses in T#of owners

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 0 0 0.05 -0.03245 -1.20398 0.04995 0 -3.3236 0.049925 -2.43902 -8.49047 0.0499
-9.0625 -9.8816 0.049875 -3.2646 3.10763 0.04985 6.039076 0.539084 0.049826 -1.
67504 -8.37192
The marginal change in the total number of horses has remained over the period r
elatively constant, however the marginal change in the number of owners and the
number of starts fluctuated together, with the marginal change in the number of
owners affecting the number of starts and highly probably the number of races an
d race days
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
%# of Race days %# of Races in T#of owners 0 0 0 1.075269 2.404809619 -0.032448378
2.12766 -2.250489237 0 -4.16667 -7.607607608 -2.43902439 -13.0435 -9.100758397
-9.0625 2.5 1.78784267 -3.264604811 0 0.468384075 6.039076377 -2.43902 -1.981351
981 -1.675041876
As can be seen from above, the marginal change in the number of owners first dip
s to zero in the year 2002 influencing both the number of races and the number o
f race days. Its influence on the changes in total number of race days and numbe
r of races are best seen between the years 2004 and 2007. in owners in S & C 200
0 0 0 2001 -3.24 1.994822598 2002 0 6.882651538 2003 -2.43902439 -21.567258 2004
-9.0625 -20.90828139 2005 -3.264604811 -0.788110786 2006 6.039076377 -16.295960
05 2007 -1.675041876 -12.5 There however is no clear relationship between the ma
rginal change in the total number of owners and the marginal change in the diffe
rence between the total number of starts and the number of horses offered for cl
aiming. If horses not put up for claiming are horses in grade stake races or oth
er nonclaiming events, then it would be fair to say that these better horses hav
e a less significant role in the operations of Caymanas Park. An area that needs
to be examined in some detail, is the width of the ownership band of these hors
es. Are they owned by many persons or by a small group.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

# of horses claimed in # of horses claimed 302 0 0 298 -1.3245 -3.24484 241 -23.
6515 0 306 21.24183 -2.43902 348 12.06897 -9.0625 375 7.2 -3.2646 435 13.7931 6.
039076 444 2.027027 -1.67504
in owners
There is a very strong relationship between the change in the number of horses c
laimed and the marginal change in the number of owners. Changes in the claiming
of horses are a major determinant in the numbers of race days and races offered
by Caymanas Track Ltd, it directly influence the changes in the number of owners
and other related factors. One should note that the data seems to indicate that
while the track can have a large number of horses, the stagnation in the change
of horse ownership gives owners the ability to directly influence the number of
race days, races and starts. Claiming reduces the power of boycott or withholdi
ng by owners. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Claiming horses as a % of
starts 34.65672 32.54104 25.41931 36.07696 43.89843 46.01813 55.05728 57.08206
As can be seen from the graph above, the percent of horses put up for claiming t
o the number of starts, have increased in a clearly visible way over the period.
Non claiming horses as a % of starts 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 65.
34328 67.45896 74.58069 63.92304 56.10157 53.98187 44.94272 42.91794
As can be seen from the graph above, since the year 2003, non claiming horses as
a percentage of starts have been steadily declining.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Marginal Change in Starts Marginal change in t. # of raceowners 0 0 -1.20398 -3.
244837758 -3.3236 0 -8.49047 -2.43902439 -9.8816 -9.0625 3.10763 -3.264604811 0.
539084 6.039076377 -8.37192 -1.675041876
As can be seen from above the marginal change in race ownership has a pulling or
pushing effect on the marginal change in starts. There are strong reasons to be
lieve as is borne out by the set of data above, that Caymanas Track Limited as e
arly as from the year 2003 began a programme of expanding ownership through the
promotion of claim races. This policy deliberate or otherwise has had a negative
impact on the influence of the owners of horses not entering claim races, and h
as also strengthen the role played by small trainers who satisfy the needs of the s
mall raceowner. This further borne out in the table below. The possibility of hav
ing a single united position among trainers has become more difficult, and the l
arge trainers out voted by small and medium sized trainers. Stable and Horse Dis
tribution By Trainer Trainers Having less Having more Having more Number of trai
ners than 10 stalls 54 than 10 but less than or 20 Stalls34 than 20 13
Total Horse Population at Caymanas Park=1100 Source:- Caymanas Track Limited The
Claims Market The claiming system in use at Caymanas Park over the years, has g
iven birth to a very vibrant and active claiming market, albeit unregulated, wit
h a value in the calendar year 2007 of over J$100,000,000.00 (US$1,448,016.2 at
the 2007 rates). A particular feature of this market is the role of the trainer,
who carries out the activities of those of a broker, both in regards to buying
and/or selling on behalf of the owner and/or purchaser of the horse in question.
. In its purest form, this market, allows for owners to dispose of, with relati
vely low transaction costs, his or her under-performing or non-performing horse,
while still retaining one last chance of earning some purse money if the horse
ended the claiming race in the frame. In reality, the market has taken on other
complimentary functions, such as enabling those

trainers whose experience or social relations would curtail their possibilities

of training horses for graded stakes, to ply their trade at another level in rac
ing, it also facilitates some of these trainers to retain their stalls by obtain
ing claimed horses. In doing this, these small trainers work closely together wi
th the smaller owners or prospective small owners. This market also allows breed
ers to obtain bloodstock at relatively low prices, than they would otherwise be
able to obtain. The market is highly segmented, with some trainers working withi
n only one or two higher price bands. Trading within the band ranges of J$4000,
000.00 to J$ 499,000.00 and. J$300,000.00 to J$399,000.00, is dominated in the m
ain by a relatively small number of traders (i.e. trainers) and exhibits very st
rong speculative behavior on the part of the traders. In fact it is possible to
find a trader selling a given horse in one claiming race and return two or three
race days after to re-purchase the very same horse at a higher or lower price.
The unregulated nature of this market, also allows for the possibility of money
laundering. Here it is important to note that the Jamaica Racing Commission, reg
ulates the racing and conditions for racing, however does not regulate the funct
ioning of the claiming market, for example it cannot give any assurance about th
e state of health of a horse at the time of delivery to the new owner, it does n
ot issue certificates of fitness for horses entering the claiming races, nor doe
s it in any way seek declarations about source of funds or the fitness of the tr
aders and or their clients to trade.
Value of Transactions and Number of Transactions on the Claiming Market Year 200
1 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Value of Transactions in VT # of Transactions in #
T 45480000 0 298.00 0 35767500 -21.3555 235.00 -21.1409396 54570000 52.56867 305
.00 29.78723404 74620000 36.7418 248 -18.68852459 85895000 15.10989 373.00 50.40
322581 106960000.00 24.52413 434.00 16.3538874 114192600.00 6.761967 443.00 2.07
3732719
Source:- Jamaica Racing Commission The marginal changes in the number of transac
tions in the Claims Market has had a very strong influence on the marginal chang
es in the value of the transactions, this influence can be seen between the poin
ts 1 and 4 in the graph above.

(Value of Transactions Year 100-199,000 range 200-299,000 2001 30670000 3205000

2002 24962500 5995000 2003 24940000 15100000 2004 28275000 21885000 2005 2446500
0 33220000 2006 23310000 45285000 2007 19080000 44505000 Source:- Jamaica Racing
Commission
in ranges ) 300-399,000 400-499,000 5770000 0 4810000 0 175121308.00 0 24250000
0 573148408 762864280.00 18640000 18905000 33285000 17460000
VT= Value of Transactions
As can be seen in the diagrams above, trades in the range band of J$3000, 000.00
to 399,000.00 has a highly unusual marginal curve, showing very high and steep
peaks and steep falls, which raises questions related to the possible influences
of speculation on the market or other types of activities such as price and or
market fixing or the possibility of money laundering. Examine graph below for fu
rther comparisons of the marginal curves, with respect for the changes in the va
lue of transactions in the 3-3.9 range. In short, regardless with which other ma
rginal curve it is compared with, the marginal changes in the value of transacti
ons in the price range J$300,000.00 to J$399,000.00 begs questions.
Marginal Table for change in the number of Transactions 100-199 range range 1-1.
9 200-299 change in range 2-2.9 300change in range 3-3.9 400-499 in change in ran
g 4-4.9 240.00 0 40.00 0 18.00 0 0 0 201.00 -16.25 25.00 -37.5 15.00 -16.6666666
7 0 #DIV/0! 205.00 1.990049751 264.00 956 35.00 133.3333333 0 #DIV/0! 182.00 -11
.2195122 83.00 -68.5606 69.00 97.14285714 0 #DIV/0! 153.00 -15.93406593 143.00 7
2.28916 51.00 -26.08695652 0 #DIV/0! 2006 141 -7.843137255 190.00 32.86713 53.00
3.921568627 46.00 #DIV/0! 2007 112.00 -20.56737589 189.00 -0.52632 97.00 83.018
86792 39.00 -15.2173913 Source:- Jamaica Racing Commission Year 399 2001 2002 20
03 2004 2005
From the table and graph above, the marginal change in the number of transaction
s

in the price range J$200,000.00 to $299,000.00 was most dramatic, reflecting inc
reasing and decreasing trading activity on the claiming market. It is also possi
ble that more opportunistic types of traders entered and departed the market, th
eir rapid departure had a very short negative influence on this market segment a
s represented by the price range. It is important to note the behaviour of the m
arginal curve for the market segment 3-3.9, There was a modest increase in the n
umber of transactions, however not enough to influence the behavior of other tra
ders in other market segments. This note is of importance, because it points to
the fact that the abnormal behavior of the marginal VT curve for the range3-3.9,
was not caused by a marked influx of traders or a dramatic increase in the numb
er of trading activities by existing traders on that market segment, but more po
ssibly by speculative activities. The claiming system is an exciting and possibi
lity creating addition to the activities of the Caymanas Track Ltd; over the yea
rs it has witnessed significant growth, it has positively contributed to the dem
ocratization of the racing industry, and has created significant quantities of n
ew wealth. Distances Ran 2000 2001 2002 2 fur 0 2 1 3 fur st. 2 4 4 fur st. 11 1
0 5 fur. St 160 191 5 fur rd 80 65 5 1/2 fur st. 109 6 fur 126 133 141 61/2 fur
92 89 7 fur 89 96 95 7 1/2 fur 91 87 8 fur 91 87 87 8 1/2 fur 22 21 9 fur 19 22
13 9 fur 25 yds 84 10 fur 19 22 11 fur 1 1 12 fur 2 2 998 1022 997 Source: Jamai
ca Racing 2003 2004 0 2 2 3 8 11 191 154 68 64 110 107 133 131 76 67 101 86 86 8
6 87 21 24 24 13 66 80 78 19 19 1 1 0 1 945 793 Commission 2005 1 5 9 151 36 103
102 61 82 82 80 13 12 78 1 1 2 832 2006 1 4 9 161 38 109 128 66 90 72 85 12 9 1
7 20 1 2 858 2007 0 5 8 163 33 109 139 58 84 72 81 20 12 61 22 1 2 841
5 5 158 18 107 56 70 17 54 22 1 2
113
58
Year 2000
Totals 998 1
Change 142.5714
Average

2001 1022 2.40481 146 2002 997 -2.44618 142.4286 2003 945 -5.21565 135 2004 793
-16.0847 113.2857 2005 832 4.918033 118.8571 2006 858 3.125 122.5714 2007 841 -1
.98135 120.1429 Source:- Jamaica Racing Commission Caymanas Track has in the per
iod between 2000 and year 2005, fought to maintain its race day structure and ra
ce card offerings, as can be seen in the table above and in the graph below. It
was only after the depression in the industry bottomed out in 2004, that recover
y started, with some signs of a new bout of downturn on its way (see the flatten
ing of both marginal and average curves starting at the mid-point of year 6 in g
raph below).
In spite of the above mentioned challenge in maintaining its race day and race c
ards, The track did remarkably well in maintaining the structure of its race car
ds, and there is a very high degree of correlation between the structures of the
race cards when seen from an annual stand point. Please see table and charts be
low. Distance/Year 2000 2 fur 0 0 3 fur st. 2 3 4 fur st. 11 11 5 fur. St 160 15
4 5 fur rd 80 64 5 1/2 fur st. 109 6 fur 126 133 61/2 fur 92 67 7 fur 89 101 7 1
/2 fur 91 86 8 fur 91 87 8 1/2 fur 22 24 9 fur 19 13 9 fur 25 yds 84 10 fur 19 1
9 11 fur 1 1 12 fur 2 1 Totals 998 945 Source: Jamaica Racing 2003
103
78
Commission
Coefficent of correlation between individual pair of years. Coefficient of corre
lation 2000 & 2003 0.999329 Coefficient of Correlations between 2003-2006 0.9986
23 Coefficient of Correlation. Between 2000& 2006 0.997232

Coefficient of Correlation between 2000&2007 0.995774 The coefficient of the lin

e of regression between years 2000 & 2001 is 0.947729 which is positive and very
close to 1. The coefficient of the line of regression between years 2000 & 2007
is 0.846899. Which is positive, but indicates a slight reduction in the level o
f predictability between year 2000 & 2007, a fact that is also reflected in the
coefficient of correlation between the same two years.
The very high positive values for both the coefficient correlation and regressio
n between the individual years indicates a very high level predictability and re
liability of the offering of Caymanas Park, which are important factors in retai
ning horse racing and betting. This is further highlighted in the table below wh
ich where the total distances ran per year is matched against the promoters tota
l take for the given year. Year Total Distance Ran Promoters Total in US$ 2000 9
98 41400.35 2001 1022 40502.02 2002 997 34279.42 2003 945 28181.53 2004 793 2572
0.49 2005 832 29679.46 2006 858 32033.47 2007 841 34925.92 Co-efficent of Correl
ation 0.724868
Betting Earnings from betting when expressed in US dollars also reflect a period
of challenges, which became most clearly visible in the year 2002, worsened in
2003 and began to improve in the year 2004. While the figures for the promoters
total was still less in the year 2007 than it was in the year 2000, it was a def
inite recovery of positions previously held. Year 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
Promoters Total 2411984 2110365 1854966 1577695 1632556 1663923 Exchange Rate Pr
omoters Total in US$ 69.06 34925.92 65.88 32033.47 62.5 29679.46 61.34 25720.49
57.93 28181.53 48.54 34279.42

2001 1866333 46.08 2000 1783527 43.08 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission
40502.02 41400.35
Year Promoters Total in US$ in Promoters Total in US$ Promoters Total As % of 2000
Total 2000 41400.35 0 0 2001 40502.02 -2.16986 97.83014 2002 34279.42 -15.3637
82.79983 2003 28181.53 -17.7888 68.07075 2004 25720.49 -8.7328 62.12627 2005 296
79.46 15.39225 71.6889 2006 32033.47 7.931459 77.37488 2007 34925.92 9.029461 84
.36141 Based on the table and the graph below, it is possible that the track is
on the verge another cyclical depression even before it has recovered its year 2
000 values in terms of the promoters take from betting. Year 2000 2001 2002 2003
2004 2005 2006 2007 in Promoters Total in US$ 1 100 -2.16986 97.83014 -15.3637 8
2.79983 -17.7888 68.07075 -8.7328 62.12627 15.39225 71.6889 7.931459 77.37488 9.
029461 84.36141 Promoters Total As % of 2000 Total
Based on both the year-to-year changes in the number of race days and the number
of race days expressed as a percentage of the number of race the year 2000, als
o seems to indicate that the year 2007, marked the potential entrance to another
period of cyclical depression.
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Race Days As % of year 2000 Change # of Races 93 100 1 998 94 101.0753 1.075269
96 102.1277 2.12766 90 93.75 -6.25 923 80 88.88889 -11.1111 80 100 0 854 82 102.
5 2.5 858 80 97.56098 -2.43902
Change # of Race Days Races As % of year 2000 100 1 1022 999 92.39239 839 101.78
78 100.4684 841 102.4048 97.74951 -7.60761 90.89924 1.787843 0.468384 98.01865 2
.40481 -2.25049 -9.10076 -1.98135

Total Purse Paid Out (1991-2007) The period reviewed 1991 to 2007 saw a decline
in the total amount of money paid out reduced by some nineteen percent, in other
words, purse money paid out in 2007 was some nineteen percent less than that pa
id out in the year 1991. The depreciation of the Jamaican dollar over the period
has had a very devastating effect on purse money, making participation by owner
s and potential owners of thoroughbred horses in the sport of racing, less attra
ctive. Change in the rate of exchange for period 1991 to 2007 in percentage=1717
.888% Change in the rate of exchange for the period 2000 to 2007 in percentage =
150.6901%.
Purse Paid Out Year Purse in J$ Exchange Rate Purse in US $ 1991 21718657 12.22
1777304 1992 35856820 22.99 1559670 1993 48447700 25.11 1929419 1994 76957470 33
.29 2311729 1995 121082145 35.35 3425237 1996 139312146 37.25 3739923 1997 17631
9800 35.51 4965356 1998 201930230 36.65 5509692 1999 224164776 39.2 5718489 2000
247595680 43.08 5747346 2001 257975900 46.08 5598435 2002 253210425 48.54 52165
31 2003 257086950 57.93 4437890 2004 302511250 61.34 4931713 2005 312876550 62.5
5006025 2006 341121273 65.88 5177919 2007 373102150 89.05 4189805 Source:- The
Jamaica Racing Commission and Bank of Jamaica
Year 1991 1992
Change in Purse Purse as % of 1991 1 100 -12.24517 87.75483

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
23.706822 19.814819 48.167755 9.1872725 32.766256 10.962683 3.7896251 0.5046289
-2.590952 -6.821622 -14.92642 11.127426 1.5068237 3.4337372 -19.08322
123.7068 119.8148 148.1678 109.1873 132.7663 110.9627 103.7896 100.5046 97.40905
93.17838 85.07358 111.1274 101.5068 103.4337 80.91678
It is to be noted however that purse money paid out in the years 2001 and 2005 m
arginally increased over the amount in the year 1991. Once again as previously p
ointed out the year 2007 has the markings of a new round of decline, as was in t
he period 2001 and 2003.
The Backstretch
The backstretch of Caymanas Park lies on some 131 acres of low lying land, with
significant parts of the property lower than the adjoining communities especiall
y in that area where one finds Stable 51, and the area directly behind the walls
of the Veterinarians office. As such seasonal flooding is a problem, especially
in the hurricane period, when complete sections of the road leading to stable 40
and others can be completely submerged and accessible only on foot or by high a
xle vehicles. In earlier years during floods the horses would be removed to the
track which is on higher ground. Flood waters still settle in the rectangular co
urt yard enclosed by the stalls, making movement and work in the stable area unp
leasant. There are some eighty stables in the backstretch area, this is the work
ing area of four hundred and eight grooms, one hundred and forty one trainers, f
orty seven exercise riders eighty-nine jockeys, forty-five assistant trainers an
d eight food/snack vendors in addition to a number of stable lad, an estimated f
ifteen unlicensed farriers, one medical doctor, one nurse, and an estimated thre
e veterinarians. Stables and stalls were built in three separate waves at varyin
g construction standards and dimensions; in the very early days of Caymanas Park
, trainers built their own stalls, for example the Nunes Stables were built by t
he trainer Mr.

Nunes, stables built by trainers were built at standards and sizes affordable to
the given trainer; later Caymanas Track Limited built a set of stables to meet
the growing demand for stables. These stables were built in accordance to engine
ering standards and are better able to withstand the challenges posed by storms,
winds and/or floodwaters. The last set of stables were built by private contrac
tors, contracted by Caymanas Track Limited and are the least able to meet the ch
allenges posed by high waters and winds. The stables and their stalls are distri
buted to the trainers in accordance to number of horses in his or her care. Stab
le and Horse Distribution By Trainer Trainers Number of trainers Average # of ho
rses per trainer Having less than 10 stalls 54 6.462963 Having more than 10 <but
less than< or =20 Stalls 13 22.53846 34 13.47059
Having more than 20
Total Horse Population at Caymanas Park=1100 Source:- Caymanas Track Limited Cay
manas Park in many ways is an evolution of Berths classic Plural Society, with th
e interdependence of individuals from different ethnic groups, which meet but ne
ver mixes, into one more akin to that which existed in the French colonies clear
ly separated and demarked groups, bonding into one whole by the existence of a l
arge mulatto middle class. At Caymanas Park the older and more established train
ers are Whites, upper caste Indians, Sephardic Jews, and Jamaican Chinese. One t
he other hand, most of the grooms tend to be Blacks with an element of lower cas
te Indians. Whites and near whites are under constant pressure to play a positiv
e role in the back stretch as their behaviour, real or imagined is taken as a fo
rm of datum from which behaviour is measured and assessed, if it is felt that th
e White Man Dem A Run Racket, then other trainers will then begin to explore the p
ossibility of running some racket for themselves. An important caveat here is th
e recognition, that unlike many other cultures or sub cultures, the term white on
the backstretch might or might not refer to ones racial or ethnic background, bu
t always used in reference to wealth, here wealth might be money or the number o
f horses one has in his stable or stables. In keeping with this caveat, a traine
r from Caucasian ethnic background with only a few horses in his stable is not W
hite, while a trainer from Chinese or Black ethnic background with more than thi
rty horse in his stable or stables is counted among the Whites. This division of
the ranks of the trainers into socio-ethnic groups is also reflected in the pol
es of influence in the Trainers Association, whose membership is split among the
three centres of influence, the large (White) trainers whose base on the backst
retch is in the northerly direction, a mobile under tree based grouping of the a
mbitious discontents, and the Black Trainers (led by one of the larger trainers)
which is based around and in a southerly direction. The leadership of the Black
Trainers group, in views, methods of mobilization and personal ambitions is not
very different from the White Trainers group. Reported Horse Deaths In The Indu
stry T # of Horses # of NB # NB mares # NB Stallions Reported Dead Reported Dead R
eported Dead Reported Dead 2000 0 0 0 0 2001 -59.5588 -58.55855856 -38.4615 -71.
4286

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

32.72727 23.91304348 -6.25 100 23.28767 21.05263158 73.33333 -100 0 -5.797101449
11.53846 #DIV/0! -2.22222 -1.538461538 -34.4828 0 -15.9091 -21.875 5.263158 -10
0 -17.5676 0 -85 #DIV/0!
The data above indicates a comparatively high Reported Native Bred Mare Deaths,
while the marginal change in Total Reported Native Bred Deaths very closely foll
ows the marginal change in Total Reported Deaths; reported Native Bred Mare Mort
ality as compared with reported Native Bred Stallion Deaths. T # of Horses in IM
P Mare in Tot Mare Reported Dead Reported Dead Reported Dead 0 0 0 -59.5588 -38.
4615 -54.54545455 -59.0909 32.72727 -6.25 0 55.55556 23.28767 73.33333 80 35.714
29 0 11.53846 77.77777778 21.05263 -2.22222 -34.4828 -43.75 0 -15.9091 5.263158
44.44444444 -4.34783 -17.5676 -85 -92.30769231 -54.5455 in IMP Stallion Reported
Dead
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Of particular concern is not only the relatively higher level of reported mare d
eaths, but also the situation faced by the imported stallion, whose exposure to
a positive reported death rate covers a longer period of time than the imported
mare, whose reported death curve has far sharper (narrower) angles.
Market Creation/ Performance and
Economic Contribution Of Caymanas Track Limited

Stable and Horse Distribution By Trainer Trainers Number of trainers Having less
than 10 stalls 54 Having more than Average # of 6.462963 horses per trainer 34
13.47059
10 <but less than< or =20 Stalls 13 22.53846
Having more than 20
Total Horse Population at Caymanas Park=1100 Source: Cull As may be seen from th
e data below, the number of horses culled from racing has declined over the year
s, when looked at as a percentage of the number culled in the year 2002. However
when examined on a year to year basis, one finds a relatively high level of vol
atility in the rate of culls, reflecting the natural differences in the performa
nce of one cohort as against another cohort of horses. The volatility in the rat
e of cull reflects a high level of objectivity in the cull, with the performance
of the given cohort determining the number of horses culled, with no attempts b
eing made for the sake of establishing any given pattern or trend. As pointed ou
t, the cull rate is in the main determined by the performance of the cohort, and
as such the rate is not indicative of one culled horse performing better or wor
se than a given horse in a next year group. Cull # culled year to year as % 2002
53 100 100 2003 37 69.81132 -30.1887 2004 30 81.08108 -43.3962 2005 18 60 -51.3
514 2006 25 138.8889 -16.6667 2007 25 100 38.88889 2008 15 60 -40 Source:-Jamaic
a Racing Commission year to year as % 100 100 69.81132 -30.1887 81.08108 -43.396
2 As % of 2002 Caymanas Track Limited
As % of 2002
2002 2003 2004

2005 2006 2007 2008

60 -51.3514 138.8889 -16.6667 100 38.88889 60 -40
The Betting Sector, Years 2002-2007 The gaming sector over the period, from the
perspective of sales and number of betting offices, have proven to be very resil
ient. (See table below): Bookmakers Sales, Years 2002-2007 Year Local Sales in U
S $ Marginal change in local sales US $ Marginal Change in Overseas Sales 2002 2
2321302.45 0 13844360.21 0 2003 17498712.16 -0.216053266 11879586.62 -0.14 2004
1955539.24 -0.888246677 888213.4755 -0.93 2005 1955417.97 -6.20135E-05 1020425.6
02 0.15 2006 2339067.95 0.196198453 1203440.424 0.18 2007 2623218.02 0.121480042
1203534.728 0.00 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Marginal change in local sa
les 0 0 -0.216053266 -0.141918699 -0.888246677 -0.925231954 -6.20135E-05 0.14885
1746 0.196198453 0.17935146 0.121480042 7.83619E-05 Overseas Sales in
Marginal Change in Overseas Sales
As can be seen from the above table, the bookmakers were able to recover from th
e 2003-2004 slump and recover lost ground in terms of sales. (See chart below)
The chart above however reveals that overseas sales has become a major determina
nt of the bookmakers sales and actually plays a pull push role in respect to loca
l sales. Promoters Sales At Caymanas Park Year Caymanas Park Exchange Rate C Par
k Sales in US$ Marginal Change in C Park Sale 2004 72137023 61.63 1170565.30 0 2
005 87538744 64.58 1355479.19 0.157969739 2006 98238332 67.15 1462996.78 0.07932
0722 2007 103473522 70.62 1465265.34 0.001550627
Year Off-Track 2004 223662349 2005 233539348 2006 300422754 2007 320312547 Sourc
e:- Betting, Year 2004 2005
OFF T sales in US$ 3629362.199 3616201.383 4473992.11 4535874.159 Gaming & Lotte
ries Commission
M.Change in Off T. Total M. Change in T T in US $ 0 295799372 0 4799927.498 -0.0
03626206 321078092 0.035782432 4971680.577

2006 2007
0.237207676 398661086 0.013831506 423786069
0.194161371 5936988.892 0.010805244 6001139.503
For the Promoter, Off Track sales have played that critical role in determining
the magnitude of sales at Caymanas Park, and on total sales. Marginal Change in
C Park Sale M.Change in Off T. M. Change in T 2004 0 0 0 2005 0.157969739 -0.003
626206 0.035782432 2006 0.079320722 0.237207676 0.194161371 2007 0.001550627 0.0
13831506 0.010805244 Overseas Betting Year in US 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2
007 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Bookmakers, overseas betting in US $
in OVS Betting Simulcast Betting $ in Simul. Betting Local Betting in US $ in L
Betting 14442.40451 0 24332.09635 0 69519.6398 0 14537.43304 0.006579828 22626.
51422 -0.07009598 57718.1706 -0.169757341 12431.21008 -0.144882728 21014.60383 0.07123989 46492.7844 -0.194486174 12545.20704 0.009170222 21998.761 0.046832059
42885.0668 -0.077597365 13534.24 0.078837516 22966.352 0.043983886 48080.704 0.
121152596 13967.62295 0.032021225 25297.04007 0.101482729 51787.629 0.077097977
11872.03881 -0.150031552 30476.97654 0.204764528 57062.0475 0.101847074 in OVS B
etting in Simul. Betting in L Betting 0 0 0 0.006579828 -0.07009598 -0.169757341
-0.144882728 -0.07123989 -0.194486174 0.009170222 0.046832059 -0.077597365 0.07
8837516 0.043983886 0.121152596 0.032021225 0.101482729 0.077097977 -0.150031552
0.204764528 0.101847074
As can be seen from the tables and chart above, simulcast betting has become the
major performance driver of the sector, followed by local betting. Overseas bet
ting in its classical form is on the decline in terms of its contribution. Numbe
r of Local Racing Bookmakers and Offices 2004-2007 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 Numb
er of Bookmakers 12 391 11 365 10 359 10 359 Number of Betting #of Betting Offic
es/ Offices # of Bookmakers 32.58333333 33.18181818 35.9 35.9
Among the Bookmakers, there was some consolidation, with the number of Bookmaker
s declining from twelve in the year 2004, to ten in 2007, one also witness an in
crease in the number of betting offices to the number of Bookmakers, representin
g a strengthening of individual operations.

Year 2005 Parish Number of Betting Shops Number of closed betting shops Closure
rate in % Clarendon 61 28 45.90164 Hanover 5 1 20 Kingston 43 21 48.83721 Manche
ster 22 5 22.72727 Portland 10 2 20 St. Andrew 18 5 27.77778 St. Catherine 147 4
8 32.65306 St. Ann 17 9 52.94118 St. Elizabeth 25 11 44 St. James 7 2 28.57143 S
t. Thomas 17 13 76.47059 Westmoreland 25 13 52 St. Mary 17 4 23.52941 Portland 7
2 28.57143 Source:- Betting and Gaming Commission As can be seen from the table
above, the betting sector is very dynamic and relatively unstable, with betting
offices coming in and off the scheme, and thus demands a relatively high level
of managerial skills from the Bookmakers. In terms of closure rates, St. Thomas
leads with seventy six percent of all betting office opened being closed. This i
s followed by the parish of St. Ann with nearly fifty three percent of all betti
ng offices opened being closed. Of the high population density parishes of the s
outh coast, St. Catherine is the most stable with a closure rate of less than th
irty five percent. The presence of Caymanas Park in that given parish, coupled w
ith the history of racing in the Old Harbour area are possible determinants of i
ts success rates. One should note that the argument that the presence of large s
ugar estates is a determinant of success in betting office operations, does not
hold true, since St. Thomas, Clarendon and Westmoreland are also sugar cultivati
ng areas, but the closure rates for betting offices are above forty percent. Thi
s would suggest that there are other factors at play. The Illegal Betting Sector
Illegal bookmakers continue to operate with various levels of impunity in sever
al inner city communities, in fact taking over the domain once occupied by legal
Bookmakers, who have withdrawn from these communities for various reasons. Base
d on observations made during the writing of this report, there are some two ill
egal bookmakers to every five legal bookmakers. Interestingly, these operations
are, from the perspectives of the communities they operate, above ground, in oth
er words, there is nothing wrong with them. In fact in one community, until rece
ntly one such illegal betting office was operated by a known Justice of the Peac
e. Illegal bookmakers are very adaptive to the changing market conditions in the
areas in which they operate, and are able to sell bets on individual races at p
rices below the official rates and are not above giving credit bets to regular p
unters or in some cases lend or give these punters the money so that they can pl
ace their bets. Illegal bookmakers also place bets with legal Bookmakers, and th
us expand the market area covered by some betting offices. From the perspective
of the industry from a most general perspective, these illegal bookmakers play a
critical role in preserving the presence of racing in

those most volatile communities, where the risks are too high for the legal Book
makers to take on. For example in the community of Jones Town, without illegal b
ookmakers, the sport of racing would be non-existent. The illegal bookmakers als
o serve pockets of punters who because of their low level of disposable income,
would not be able to actively and regularly participate in the sport. To the ext
ent that these illegal bookmakers also place bets with the official Bookmakers,
they tend to act as unofficial sales agents. Some officially registered Bookmake
rs are also actively involved in illegal bookmaking activities, in terms of open
ing time and in terms of standard operations. In some places, the existence of m
odern communications infrastructure has permitted nearly twenty-four hours conti
nuous betting operations nearly seven days per week, with heavy betting on overs
eas/simulcast racing. Based on interviews done with two former betting office em
ployees, in some offices there are two sales books in use, which facilitates the u
nder reporting of sales and other irregular operating practices. The less vigila
nt buy and leave punters, in some instances can find that where several tickets
have been bought, changes are made to the bets, in terms of horses and or races.
The fear of job loss and other acts of reprisal are major deterrents to a great
er flow of information. There appears to be a relatively close linkage between b
ars and betting offices, both legal and illegal. The bar maids are generally wel
l informed about the locations of both legal and illegal types of operations, th
eir employees and opening hours. This was verified in Portmore, in the Community
of Greenwich Farm and Down Town Kingston.
Betting Offices A major deterrent to the expansion of the racing market, especia
lly among the more stable segments of the population and among women is the stat
e of the betting offices. The typical betting office is located in small shops,
equipped with a counter where the bets are bought and sold, a television for the
punters following of the races and one or two long benches. Very few and far be
tween are betting offices that have bathroom facilities, for example no such bet
ting office has been found anywhere in Portmore, or in the Half Tree area. A vis
it to two offices on Knutsford Boulevard in Kingston, revealed that none of the
two offices there located had bathroom facilities open to the general punting po
pulation. Because of the Laws and regulations under which betting offices operat
e, they are unable to sell food or a beverage, which places them at a distinct d
isadvantage when compared with the sale of the Lotto and other such types of num
ber games, which can be sold nearly anywhere. The Betting and Gaming Act and its
various amendments, have created a legal environment that stifles the growth of
the betting offices in terms of the effective use of facilities and staff. In f
act most betting offices operates on a part time basis, two days per week, and ar
e generally located in structures that are approaching the demolition stage of t
heir life cycle. Bookmakers Performance 2004-2007 (J$) Year 2004 Post to Post 34
47414 Summit Betting Co. 1637025 Total Betting Track Plus
5773491
34160533

2005 2006 2007 Year

4894995 6923098 5698186 7543113 47287907 8730941 Big "A" Track Limited
1902520 31619776 0 40553102 Capital Betting
2004 3364385 11185733 2005 3569518 11880194 2006 5423413 14784124 2007 4814386 1
8171000 Year Markam Betting Caribbean Turf Betting 2004 2005 2006 2007 18632605
19528115 27291377 26751138 13572168 9004415 11880194 13300332 43831042 22804236
23340697 30082774 5494001
Champion Betting Co. 4223261 4697939 4916384
Charles Off
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007
Track Plus Change in Track Plus 34160533 0 31619776 -0.074376972 40553102 0.2825
2338 47287907 0.166073732 Change in Champion Betting Markham Betting 0 18632605
22804236 0.023524621 19528115 23340697 0.288854999 27291377 30082774 0.457014636
26751138 43831042 Change in Capital Betting Ideal Betting 0 5742111 11185733 0.
062085 7044385 11880194 0.244435 7472567 14784124 0.229089 10264185 18171000
Champion Betting Co.
Capital Betting
Growth among the top five Bookmakers was led by Champion Betting and Ideal betti
ng. It should noted here , that as will be seen later , the rate of growth of sa
les is not dependent on the number of betting offices, but rather on how effecti
ve is the given betting office used.
Number Bookmakers Offices 2004-2007 Year Big "A" Track Limited Capital Betting C
o. 2004 2005 23 19 46 40 22 22 51 51
Caribbean Turf
Champion Betting

2006 2007 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007
25 44 19 20 56 20 Post to Post 24 38 23 38 23 37 22 36 Charles Off 45 39 35 29 2
5 28 26 26
49 48 Summit Betting Co.
Total Betting
Track Plus
15 69 11 61 0 61 0 61 Betting 33 33 40 41
Ideal Betting
Markam Betting
Year Change in Track Plus Change in Champion Betting Change in Markham Betting C
hange in Capital Betting Change in Ideal Betting 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0.131147541 0 0
-0.130434783 0.12 2005 0 -0.039215686 0.212121212 0.1 -0.0714286 2006 0 -0.02040
8163 0.025 0.272727273 0 2007
As was previously stated, there is no clear relationship between the number of b
etting offices operated by a given Bookmaker and the sales performance of that g
iven bookmaker, for example Capital Betting underperforms in sales when compared
to Track Plus, yet leads in growth of number of betting offices. The area of mo
st likely growth in the upcoming period is likely to be in the area of increasin
g the effectiveness at which locations are used.
Purse Money 2002-2007 Purse money regardless of its source , has over the period
experienced on a year to year basis, negative marginal changes, meaning that fr
om one year to the next, if expressed in US dollars, there is less purse money t
o be divided. This is taking place at a time, when there has been an expansion o
f ownership of horses thanks to the claiming system. The decline value of sponso
rship and trophies are the main factors causing the decline in the value of the
purse money. The tables below, gives a detailed picture of growth in purse money
over the period. Year Tropies US $ Value of Tropies 2002 697500.00 253000000.00
2003 771000.00 257000000.00 2004 824000.00 510000000.00 2005 926500.00 31300000
0.00 2006 1278650.00 341000000.00 2007 1294500.00 $18,760.87 Year 2002 2003 2004
2005 Promoter/Government Levy 243543525 5017377.94 248626460 4291842.91 2939842
50 4792700.52 295272188.8 4724355.02 US Value of Promoter/Government Levy

2006 2007 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

295272188.8 4481970.08 351,310,050 5087026.50 Exchange rate US $1.00=J$ 48.54 89
69400 184783.68 57.93 7689500 132737.79 61.34 8527000 139012.06 62.5 16677862.82
266845.81 65.88 17824000 270552.52 69.06 21,792,100 315553.14 Sponsors in J$ US
Value of Sponsers
Year Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
of Promoter/Government
of Sponsor
of Trophies
value of
0 0 0 0 0.169049762 0.363635468 0.233639091 0.215037427 -0.104504257 -0.19245754
5 -0.244398989 -0.619329488 0.014466631 -0.481327011 -0.538708534 -0.247639912 0
.05408 -0.013700536 -0.28533496 -0.344508977 -0.118941079 -0.279372148 -0.288195
595 -0.349208722
year Exchange rate US $1.00=J$ Amount Paid 2002 48.54 22565950 464893.9 2003 57.
93 25097650 433241 2004 61.34 28084400 457848.1 2005 62.5 27801500 444824 2006 6
5.88 30599423 464472.1 2007 69.06 33,388,450 483470.2
Amount paid in J$ US $ Value Paid 0 -0.06809 0.056798 -0.02845 0.044171 0.040902
in US
One the other hand, the amount paid out to breeders over the period, as expresse
d in US dollars has increased on a year to year basis. See tables below.
Amount Paid To Breeders and Owners of Sires 2002-2007 year Exchange rate US $1.0
0=J$ Amount Paid 2002 48.54 22565950 464893.9019 2003 57.93 25097650 433240.9805
2004 61.34 28084400 457848.06 2005 62.5 27801500 444824 2006 65.88 30599423 464
472.116 2007 69.06 33,388,450 483470.1709 Amount paid in J$ US $ Value Paid 0 -0
.068086334 0.056797673 -0.028446249 0.044170539 0.040902466 % paid out over year
2002 base to in US
Year US $ Value Paid to Owners and Breeders owners and Breeders 2002 464893.9019
100 2003 433240.9805 93.19136661 2004 457848.06 105.6797673 2005 444824 97.1553
7508 2006 464472.116 104.4170539

2007
483470.1709 104.0902466
Disqualifications and Late Non-Starters, Years 2002-2007 Over the period the num
ber of disqualifications and the number of Late NonStarters have grown. There ar
e several causes at work, ranging from the health and or temperament of the hors
es in question, to the behaviour of the jockeys. A break down is given below; ho
wever there is a need to follow the trend in a more detailed manner to identify
the role played by competition for purse money. Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20
07 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 # of Disq from 1st. Place 15 21 11 8 20 23
44 36 11 8 20 26 65 Other Disq Total Disq Other Disq/ Total Disq
3 21
58.33333333 100 100 80.1980198 100 115.6378601 88.46153846 100 67.69230769 116.0
142349
3 of LNS % in LNS over 2002 324 100 303 93.51851852 243 80.1980198 281 115.63786
01 281 100 326 116.0142349
Year Other Disq/ Total Disq % in LNS over 2002 2002 58.33333333 100 2003 100 93.
51851852 2004 100 80.1980198 2005 100 115.6378601 2006 88.46153846 100 2007 67.6
9230769 116.0142349 Source :Jamaica Racing Commission
The impact of Late Non-Starters on the actual outcome of races vis--vis the proje
cted outcome of the given races, needs further and more detailed analysis. There
is a need to ensure that LNS are not used by dishonest jockeys, trainers or own
ers to remove favourites from races, thus giving a horse with greater odds an in
creased possibility of winning. Equally, the punters have had concerns about the
disqualifications of various horses and or jockeys, both opinions in support of
the Race Day Stewards and against them, one also find punters who are of the vi
ew that some disqualifications come as a result of tactical considerations taken
by the jockey and or trainer. There have also been cases where the jockey named
in the weights fails to show up for the given race, thus influencing the odds and
outcomes on a given race. For the jockey, risk-taking is feasible if the pay-of
f is enough to cover the amount lost as a result of a suspension, for example tw
enty race days. Jockeys so involved are generally of a lower status, with less m
ounts on any given race day, e.g. for a jockey who receives less than ten mounts
in any month, this type of risk taking can be of economic value. Allegations ha
ve also been made about linkages between Bookmakers and or large punters and

trainers/jockeys; two bars in the Portmore area have been pointed out as the mee
ting places for these alleged participants in race fixing, however, it was not f
easible given the allocated time and resources to verify these allegations.
A General Overview of The Betting Sector The performance of the betting sector o
ver the period has been very dynamic and showed a high level of resilience in it
s ability to bounce back from periods of lower economic activity as was the peri
od between the years 2002 and 2005, as can be seen in the table and graph below:
General Over View Summary of Racing Promoters Sales 2000-2007 Total Sales in J$
US$1=J$ Total Sales in US $ Marginal change 2666133788 43.08 61887970.94 100 0 2
938534250 46.08 63770274.52 103.0414692 0.03041469 2936552026 48.54 60497569.55
97.75335761 -0.0513202 2775473016 57.93 47910806.42 75.13031233 -0.208054 284806
1124 61.34 46430732.38 76.74809537 -0.0308923 3022351442 62.5 48357623.07 100.93
2601 0.04150033 3357503867 65.88 50963932.41 109.763361 0.05389656 3939233989 69
.06 57040747.02 117.9560603 0.11923755
% Change over 2000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The graph is in many ways a reflection of what is de facto an ordinary business
cycle, please see marginal sales curve below:It however should be noted that the
re is not a one to one relationship between the number of race days and the volu
me of sales. The percentage change in the average race day curve is flatter than
the percentage change in total sales curves, hence reflective of a greater leve
l of consistency and predictability. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Num
ber of Race days 94 100 94 100 93 98.94 95 101.06 87 93.55 79 83.16 81 93.10 83
105.06 % change in Number of Race Days over 2000
There is also a very close relationship between the number of races and the numb
er of starts over the period as can be seen from the table and chart below:# of
Races # of Starts % change in # races over year 2000 % change in the # of Starts
over 2000 2000 998 10050 100 100 2001 1022 9929 102.40 98.80 2002 999 9599 100.
10 95.51243781 2003 923 8784 90.31 88.46812368 2004 839 7916 83.98 82.46692364 2
005 854 8162 92.52 92.91894353

2006 2007
858 841
8206 7519
102.26 103.6634664 98.48 92.12202891
Hence in concluding, one could say that there is very close relationship between
the race card offered by the promoters and the performance of the Betting Secto
r in terms of sales.
The Stud Farm Sector 199-2007 The stud farm sector during the period has remaine
d relatively unstable and extremely risky, similar to the horse industry as a wh
ole and reflective of the state of the racing economy in particular. Distributio
n of Broodmare Operations 2007 Parish Number of operations St. Catherine 10 Clar
endon 1 Trelawny 1 St. Mary 1 St. Ann 1 Distribution of major studs 2007 Parish
Number of operations St Catherine 9 Clarendon 2 St. Ann 2 St. Mary 1 St. Elizabe
th 3 Trelawny 1 Total number Of stud farms Marginal Change in the number of Stud
Farms stud Farms 26 0 100 20 -0.23077 76.92308 22 0.1 84.61538 22 0 110 24 0.09
0909 109.0909 25 0.041667 113.6364 22 -0.12 91.66667 25 0.136364 100 21 -0.16 95
.45455
% increase in the number of
The relative stability of the sector owes a lot to the operation of a few larger

farms, which have been better able to withstand the blows experienced better tha
n the smaller farms. Stud farm operators in a bid to maintain income, sought to
increase the availability of covering services, thus increasing the number of fa
rms with standing stallions. Year # of Stud farms without resident or visiting s
tallions 1999 11 2000 4 2001 5 2002 3 2003 4 2004 5 2005 5 2006 6 2007 6 Source
: Jamaica Racing Commission In spite of the various challenges, the quality of t
he farms in terms of the distribution of stallions has remained fairly constant,
with the number of farms with three or more stallions increasing relative to th
e year 1999.. Year # of farms with more than one but under three resident stalli
ons # of farms with three or more resident stallions # Of Farms with stallions T
otal # of stud farms % Of Stud Farms with Stallions 1999 12 3 15 26 57.69231 200
0 11 5 16 32 50 2001 12 5 17 34 50 2002 14 5 19 38 50 2003 16 4 20 40 50 2004 13
4 17 34 50 2005 10 7 17 34 50 2006 14 5 19 38 50 2007 9 5 14 28 50 The availabi
lity and distribution of stallions during the period under review, show signs of
unpredictability, however it clearly demonstrates in part the positive impact o
n the tax concessions given to the breeders, especially on those farms with thre
e or more stallions. years Total number of resident stallions Total number of vi
siting stallions 1999 44 0 2000 43 0 2001 47 0 2002 46 0 2003 39 0 2004 33 0 200
5 49 0 2006 50 2 2007 50 3 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission The availability, m
arketing and distribution of visiting stallions, have remained very poor and is
yet to become an industry-wide practice especially among the smaller farms. The
average age of the serving stallion has remained steadily between ten and twelve
years of age. This is a good sign, and may be taken as an indicator of quality,
owing to the fact that a stallion within the ages of ten and

twelve years, is an animal at its reproductive prime. Stud farm operators and br
eeders seem to have a preference for the younger stallions of ages less than twe
lve years. Year % of Stallions Eleven years or less % of Stallions 12 years and
older but under not over 15 years of age % of stallions age 16 and over Year Ave
rage age of resident stallions in years 1999 50.00 27.27 22.73 1999 12 2000 53.4
9 25.58 20.93 2000 12 2001 59.57 21.28 19.15 2001 12 2002 58.70 13.04 28.26 2002
12 2003 56.41 23.08 20.51 2003 12 2004 54.55 30.30 15.15 2004 12 2005 64.44 24.
44 11.11 2005 10 2006 64 22 14 2006 11 2007 72 14 14 2007 11 This can be seen in
the graph below, which shows a going tendency towards the usage of the stallion
s in the lower age band as compared with the stallions in the other two older ag
e bands. This tendency is consistent, with what occurs in other branches of indu
stry, where capital equipment or stock of a younger vintage is preferred to equi
pment or stock closer to the write-off point.
The sector also shows two clear stallion restocking periods, namely the years 20
01 and 2005. In the years 2000 and 2004, stallions of ages between twelve and fi
fteen years were partially used as substitutes for the younger stallions. Year T
otal # of resident mares Total # Barren Total # of live Foals in foal In foal 19
99 314 149 91 225 2000 313 138 56 218 2001 358 204 56 235 2002 407 225 68 291 20
03 388 166 83 279 2004 423 201 64 126 2005 444 261 114 312 2006 480 277 107 314
2007 575 166 76 351 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission of visiting mares Total #
of tested
The number of mares in foal also increased over the period, from four hundred an
d sixty three in 1999 to seven hundred and forty one in the year 2007. Year 1999
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total 463 451 562 632 554 624 705 757 7
41 # of mares in foal 100 97.41 121.38 136.50 122.84 111.03 111.55 136.64 118.75
% increase over 1999

One must however note as can be seen from the table and chart below, that the in
crease in the number of mares in foal was done in a very erratic and unplanned m
anner and carried with it significant losses to the industry. Year Marginal chan
ge in the number of mares in foal 1999 0 2000 -0.02592 2001 0.24612 2002 0.12455
5 2003 -0.12342 2004 0.126354 2005 0.129808 2006 0.073759 2007 -0.02114
Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total # of live Foals % increase if foal crop over 1999 225 100 218 96.89 235 10
4.44 291 129.33 279 127.98 126 53.62 312 107.22 314 112.55 351 278.57
The percentage increase in the number of mares in foal however does not lead to
a one-to -one matching in terms of live foals as can be seen in the table above
and in the chart below. This once again is consistent with the Law of Diminishin
g Marginal Returns. Notwithstanding the difficulties experienced over the period
, the industry has been able to perform well in terms of live foal production.
Year foal 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Marginal change in foal p
roduction Marginal change in the number of mares in 0 0 -0.031111111 -0.02591792
7 0.077981651 0.246119734 0.238297872 0.12455516 -0.041237113 -0.123417722 -0.54
8387097 0.126353791 1.476190476 0.129807692 0.006410256 0.073758865 0.117834395
-0.021136063

Equally there is no one-to-one matching of the increase/decrease in foal product

ion to the increase/decrease in the number of stud farms in operation. This is l
argely so, because the bulk of foal production is carried out by three or four l
arger farms. See table and chart below. Marginal Change in the number of Stud Fa
rms Marginal change in foal production 1999 0 0 2000 -0.230769231 -0.031111111 2
001 0.1 0.077981651 2002 0 0.238297872 2003 0.090909091 -0.041237113 2004 0.0416
66667 -0.548387097 2005 -0.12 1.476190476 2006 0.136363636 0.006410256 2007 -0.1
6 0.117834395
If the performance of the stud farm sector should not be determined by the perfo
rmance of the three or four larger farms, there is a need to increase the level
of capitalization, especially in terms of mares and access to land to the smalle
r stud farm operators. Total # of mares in foal percentage of total pregnancies
1999 463 218 245 52.92 2000 451 235 216 47.89 2001 562 291 271 48.22 2002 632 27
9 353 55.85 2003 554 126 428 77.26 2004 624 312 312 50 2005 705 314 391 55.46 20
06 757 351 406 53.63 2007 741 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission Live Births Lost
foals Lost foals as
As was pointed out earlier, the increase in the number of mares in foal also bro
ught along with it significant losses to the industry in terms of false pregnanc
ies, which in some instances can result in a loss of a complete breeding season.
As can be seen in the table above, the percentage of false pregnancies surpasse
s that for feral horses which are less than thirty percent. In short with this r
ate of false pregnancies, the Jamaican native bred is faced with significant dan
ger of extinction. Here one is forced to inquire if the veterinarians are using
standard and known procedures in the examination of the mares, their familiarity
with the usage of ultra sonic hand-held devices and if fit to breed examination
s were carried out on the mares. Equally important is the carrying out of pastur
e hygiene examination, and the recording of parasite load per square foot of pas
ture. These operations within the Jamaican context, given the relatively low lev
el of training of the average farm-hand , is best done by the veterinarian.
The loss leaders in this regard are the larger farms that handle considerable nu
mbers of mares per season. While mare densities per acre are not the most

significant possible factor here, there is a need for its urgent review. Mares T
o Stallions Year Total # of mares served Total number of serving stallions # Mar
es to stallion 1999 554 44 12.59 2000 507 43 11.79 2001 618 47 13.15 2002 700 46
15.22 2003 637 39 16.33 2004 688 33 20.85 2005 819 45 18.2 2006 864 50 17.28 20
07 817 50 16.34 Source: Jamaica Racing Commission The mare to stallion ratio in
Jamaica is relatively good and compares well with the breeding jurisdictions of
the developed world where the figures range from 1:30, 1:35 and 1:45. One howeve
r should note that the flooding of the fields with mares starting from the year
2002, has negatively affected the Jamaican ratio: See graph below. The Distribut
ion of Mares By Age Year % of mare younger or equal to 11 years % of mares of ag
es between 12 and 15 years % of mares of ages 16 years or older 1999 64 21 15 20
02 64 27 10 2003 59 27 14 2004 59 26 16 2005 62 25 13 2006 66 20 14 2007 66 19 1
6 Similar as in the case of the stallions, breeders and stud farm operators have
a strong preference for the younger horse of eleven years and under, when compa
red with the demand for the older horses. Except for the years 2004 and 2007, th
ere is a gradual tendency towards the reduction in usage of mares of ages sixtee
n years and over.
The chart above however shows a substitution relationship between the distributi
on of mares ages eleven and under and mare of ages between twelve and fifteen ye
ars of age. When there is an increase in the usage of the elevens and unders, th
ere is a reduction in the usage of the twelves and overs, when there is an incre
ase the usage of the twelves and overs there is a decrease in the employment of
mares of ages eleven and less. Stud Farm Earnings The sector in terms of revenue
from stud services, performed in a most erratic and unpredictable manner during
the period. This was tied directly to the unplanned nature in which mares are p
ut up for and or removed from coverage, which is again tied into the level of co
nfidence owners and breeders have in the future of the racing industry, for exam
ple the period starting in 2004 and ending in 2007, breeders and owners had a hi
gher level of confidence in the industry than they had

in previous years, and hence put up more mares to be bred. It however should be
noted that the confidence shown was more of a subjective nature and had less to
do with the actual performance of the sector. Earnings from Stud Services Mares
covered Average price for coverage in US $ Revenue in US $ marginal change reven
ue from Stud Fee in US$ Changes in revenue from Stud Fee as a percentage of 1999
1999 559 507.2463768 283550.7246 0 100 2000 573 507.2463768 290652.1739 0.02504
5 102.5045 2001 622 507.2463768 315507.2464 0.085515 111.2701 2002 481 507.24637
68 243985.5072 -0.22669 83.94415 2003 640 507.2463768 324637.6812 0.330561 102.8
939 2004 478 507.2463768 242463.7681 -0.25313 99.3763 2005 747 507.2463768 37891
3.0435 0.562762 116.7188 2006 620 507.2463768 314492.7536 -0.17001 129.7071 2007
720 507.2463768 365217.3913 0.16129 96.38554
As is shown below the number of mares covered showed a strong upward tendency, r
eflective of the level of confidence the stakeholders had in the industry and or
as a result of a bid to shore up revenues.
marginal change revenue from Stud Fee in US$ Fee as a percentage of 1999 1999 0
100 2000 0.025045 102.5045 2001 0.085515 111.2701 2002 -0.22669 83.94415 2003 0.
330561 102.8939 2004 -0.25313 99.3763 2005 0.562762 116.7188 2006 -0.17001 129.7
071 2007 0.16129 96.38554
Changes in revenue from Stud
The sector performed better in terms of earnings on foals produced, than it did
in terms of revenue from stud fees. The figures below indicate that the period b
etween the years 2004 and 2007, the industry in terms of foal production experie
nced strong growth. One should also note here that other sectors of the industry
such as racing was also experiencing similar strong growth and stimulated the d
emand for stud services, foals etc. Total # of live Foals Year Price of average
foal Revenue from foal in US $ in Revenue from foal % change in Revenue from Foa
l 2002 291 1146.5 333631.5 0 100 2003 279 1141 318339 -0.04584 95.41635 2004 126
1065 134190 -0.57847 40.22102 2005 312 1158.5 361452 1.693584 113.5431 2006 314
1160 364240 0.007713 271.436

2007
351
1179
413829
0.136144
114.4907
In terms of revenues from keep and care operations, the farms earnings were equall
y as erratic and unpredictable, with the strongest period of growth been between
the years 1999 and 2003 (see table and charts below), based on the performance
of average revenue earned.
Mares covered Price for keep and care in US$ Revenue earned from keep and care i
n keep and care revenue % change in keep and care revenue over 1999 1999 559 11.
23 2291313.05 0 100 2000 573 11.23 2348698.35 0.025045 102.5045 2001 622 11.23 2
549546.9 0.085515 111.2701 2002 481 11.23 1971594.95 -0.22669 86.04651 2003 640
11.23 2623328 0.330561 111.6928 2004 478 11.23 1959298.1 -0.25313 76.84887 2005
747 11.23 3061915.65 0.562762 155.3015 2006 620 11.23 2541349 -0.17001 96.875 20
07 720 11.23 2951244 0.16129 150.6276 Thoroughbred Owners & Breeders Associations Y
earling Sales Review A review in the performance of Thoroughbred Owners & Breede
rs Association (TOBA) during the period is in the main applied gender analysis,
in the sense that there is a complex relationship between the gender and price o
f the yearling and the level of mutual subsidy provided by both genders in keepi
ng the breeder going. The selling price of fillies have a very strong pushing or
pulling effect on the price of colts, with the price of fillies reacting more r
eadily and more sharply to changes in the market conditions. This therefore impl
ies, not only that the selling price of the colts vary more slowly than those of
the fillies , but also during periods of strong market optimism , the soaring p
rices of the fillies tend to encourage breeders to enter their colts into the ma
rket, and also contributes to the establishment of a floor price for the colts.
The price of the colts however tend to establish ceiling prices for the fillies.
year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 # of fillies in # of fillies # of colts 56 0
49 0 56 0 54 0.102041 80 0.428571429 63 0.142857 61 -0.2375 68 0.073529 57 -0.0
6557377 72 0.055556 43 -0.245614035 59 -0.22034 (Source:-TOBA) in # of fillies i
n # of colts 0 0 0 0.102040816 0.428571429 0.142857143 -0.2375 0.073529412 -0.06
557377 0.055555556 -0.245614035 -0.220338 in # of colts
year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Average Revenue From The Sale of Colts and Fillies year Exchange Rate 2002 48.54
4960.359746 2003 57.93 4759.438731 2004 61.34 56.18566305 2005 62.5 5373.114754
2006 65.88 5887.898252 2007 69.06 6879.760774 Source:-TOBA AR of filly 7113.846
775 5563.866991 6521.030323 6002.352941 6657.727855 8879.529959 in US$ 6037.103
5161.653 3288.608 5687.734 6272.813 7879.645 AR colt in US$ Ar for foal in US$
This complex relationship between the prices of foals and colts are also shown i
n their average revenue curves, with the average revenue of the fillies pulling
up those of the colts, then giving way for the colts to play price leadership. O
ne here should note, that this type of relationship between the colt and the fil
lies also exist in embryo. More fillies are generally born in those lean years o
f low rainfall and reduced availability of nutrients for the foaling mare, while
on the other hand more colts tend to be born in the good years of plenty. The r
eason for this phenomenon lays in the fact that the foaling mare has a preferenc
e for passing her genes through the male line, and in good times there are incre
ased possibilities that the foal will survive.
The marginal revenue for the fillies also exerts the same push-pull influence th
roughout the total market, influencing and strongly determining the marginal rev
enue of the market (see tables below). year Total Revenue in J$ for Revenue From
Sale 2002 13965000 16920000 2003 15440000 17405000 2004 27740000 25200000 2005
20485000 25510000 2006 22110000 31580000 2007 20430000 36180000 Source:-TOBA fil
lies 30885000 32845000 52940000 45995000 53690000 56610000 Total Revenue in J$ f
or colts Total
From the perspective of the Jamaican dollar TOBA yearling sales have done relati
vely well in terms of revenues. This is reflected in the average, marginal and t
otal revenue columns as are shown here for the period 2002 to 2007. year 2002 20
03 2004 2005 2006 2007 in TR Filly TR Colt in TR Sale 0 0 0 -0.073591354 0.11037
8565 -0.108917522 0.69675414 -0.146688506 0.522209499 -0.275241586 0.396743478 0.147311432 0.023951063 0.208989324 0.107411955 -0.118531818 0.299719983 0.00583
5055

When one uses the US dollar, both colts and fillies on the market have been good
and have shown strong growth over the period.
year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Exchange Rate TR Filly in US$ TR Colt in US$ 48.54 287700.8653 58.81108485 63627
9.4 57.93 266528.569 65.30256801 566977.4 61.34 452233.4529 55.72343187 863058.4
62.5 327760 77.83134 735920 65.88 335610.2004 94.09725916 814966.6 69.06 295829
.7133 122.3000881 819722 in TR Filly TR Colt in TR Sale 0 0 0 -0.073591354 0.110
378565 -0.108917522 0.69675414 -0.146688506 0.522209499 -0.275241586 0.396743478
-0.147311432 0.023951063 0.208989324 0.107411955 -0.118531818 0.299719983 0.005
835055
TR Sale in US$
In terms of costs, using the marginal cost tables below, it can be seen that for
the period under review, the marginal cost of the filly had a greater propensit
y to fall than did the marginal costs of the colts. year 2002 2003 2004 2005 200
6 2007 MC Filly in US$ MC Colt in US $ 287700.8653 58.81108485 -21172.2963 6.491
48315 185704.8839 -9.579136138 -124473.4529 22.10790814 7850.200364 16.26591915
-39780.48707 28.20282895
year MC Filly in US$ AR of filly in US$ Super Normal Profit in US$ on Fillies 20
02 287700.8653 4960.359746 -282740.5055 2003 -21172.2963 4759.438731 25931.73503
2004 185704.8839 56.18566305 -185648.6983 2005 -124473.4529 5373.114754 129846.
5676 2006 7850.200364 5887.898252 -1962.302112 2007 -39780.48707 6879.760774 466
60.24785 In the critical area of supernormal profit (i.e. mc<mr), the colts out
performed the mares. year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 year 2002 AR colt in US$
MC Colt in US $ Super Normal Profit on colt in US$ 7113.846775 58.81108485 7055
.03569 5563.866991 6.49148315 5557.375508 6521.030323 -9.579136138 6530.609459 6
002.352941 22.10790814 5980.245033 6657.727855 16.26591915 6641.461936 8879.5299
59 28.20282895 8851.32713 Super Normal Profit in US$ on Fillies -282740.5055 705
5.03569 Super Normal Profit on colt in US$

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

25931.73503 5557.375508 -185648.6983 6530.609459 129846.5676 5980.245033 -1962.3
02112 6641.461936 46660.24785 8851.32713 % change in Supernormal
year % change in Supernormal Profit for fillies profit for colts 2002 100 100 20
03 -109.171567 -21.22824387 2004 8.68691E-05 -7.433360426 2005 -145.9242893 -15.
2343759 2006 -99.30597064 -5.86210718 2007 253.6846059 25.46112478
The total revenue for stud farms 1n the year 2007 is shown below (TOBA earnings
excluded):Earnings in US dollars keep and care 2951244 Foal 413829 stud fees 365
217.4 TOBA 46660.24785 Total Revenue 3,776,951 Farm Hygiene Practices The main c
hallenges facing most stud farms in the area of pasture management, remains the
question of having in place an effective system for vector control and reducing
the parasite densities as found in the pastures. The failure to remove animal dr
oppings and to ensure that suitable run-off systems are in place, has created on
many farms, conditions ideal for the breeding of various types of flies ranging
from the common house fly (Musca domestica) to the black soldier fly (Hermetia
illucens Linnaeus), mosquitoes (Culicidae), various species of roach (Blattaria)
, rats (rattus) and mice (Mus musculus). These vectors tend to contribute to the
creation of an environment that is both unpleasant and unhealthy to both man an
d horse. The failure to timely remove horse droppings, also serves as a medium o
f distribution for various internal parasites (worms), which are deposited from
the animal along with the droppings, hence increasing the spread of these worms
and increasing the rate of re-infection. The current practice is to allow the dr
opping to dry as deposited, after which it might be removed by some field hands
for sale to horticultural interests, or left to remain in the field. Compounding
this unhealthy state on some farms is the failure to remove the horses from tho
se enclosures within which the grass is below for inches in height, thus forcing
the animals to gaze within the parasite belt. While crop rotation or the turnin
g over and replanting of the pasture, where possible or resting the land where c
rop rotation or pasture replanting is not possible, would serve to reduce the pa
rasite load; it would also in the short run

reduce revenue flows while increasing operations costs and thus in the main is n
ot pursued. One large farm uses peafowl {Pavo cristatus (Asiatic)} and the guine
a fowl (Numida meleagris) as a means of managing the parasite and insect loads,
this practice of mixed husbandry is not widespread, because of the high rick of
theft. For example the Peking Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) would be an id
eal addition to the farm because of its feeding habits and the fact that it is n
ot a transmitter of internal parasite. How long they would be allowed to remain
on the farms without being stolen remains an open question. Equally the presence
of flowering plants and fruit trees tend to allow the horses to de-worm themsel
ves in a natural manner; however these very same plants tend to act as attractan
ts to people seeking to harvest their fruits. One however should note that most
farms tend to be less than creative in this area, since plants such as the red h
ibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) which is relatively rich in protein and natural
diuretic with the flower has antifungal, emmenagogue, emollient and refrigerant
effect. The two major cause for the relatively low level of pasture hygiene are
(1) the need to reduce operating costs and (2), the relative lack of formal spe
cialized training of the field hands and supervisor staff. Relationship between
the farm and the neighbouring communities also have adverse implications for far
m hygiene, in the sense that most vectors tend to be highly mobile and migratory
in nature; thus while the farm might control for ticks, flies etc, failure to c
arry out simulations parallel control in the neighbouring communities (especiall
y those with a high concentration of dogs and pit latrines) tend to undermine th
e efforts of the stud farm, since ticks, fleas, roaches etc are all migratory mo
ving from location to location. Many farms are straddled with considerable unpai
d debts owed by breeders and owners, which when coupled with the relatively low
daily rates being paid for keep and care, considerably constrains the number and
size of projects that the average stud farm operator is able to carry out. For
example a farm faced with a relatively large amount of unpaid debt and having lo
w daily rates for keep and care, is not able to readily afford the cost of turni
ng over or resting a pasture, but rather is forced to focus on finding avenues f
or increasing revenue flows, an exercise that easily could result in the over-cr
owding of the pasture leading to a worsening of the already poor state of hygien
e. Equally such a farm would not be able to afford the level of veterinary care
that is needed to ensure that the stock is healthy and ready to breed. Some farm
s have tried to diversify their activities into crop production and even fish re
aring, however they are faced with the high costs of protecting their crops and
or animals from thieves, given that stud farms tend to be relatively large, with
out live-on tenants and are very difficult and costly to secure. Here one notes
that Ham Stables once used to rear fish and birds -- fish rearing however has ce
ased and the rearing of birds has been significantly reduced. Farm Community Rel
ationship The relationship between the stud farms and the neighbouring communiti
es tend to be at best distant and at worse hostile. The communities in the main
provide the day labour needed by the farm while the farm provides limited employ
ment. The numbers of jobs created by the farms tend to be relatively small and s
easonal in nature, except for those farms that carry out some level of crop prod
uction. The communities are also a source of problems for the farms, the communi
ties tend to be the source of the thieves that raid crops and fruits thus reduci
ng revenue

flows, it is the source of stray or partially stray dogs, the source of rats, mi
ce, roaches and flies undermining the best of efforts by the farm operators at i
mplementing vector control regimes. The nature of the relationship between the f
arms and the communities at times takes on racial and class overtones, in that t
he farm operators and breeders tend to be from the racial minorities and are fro
m the point of view of the residents of the communities, wealthy, while on the o
ther hand, farm operators, breeders and owners tend to look down on or patronize
the residents of the communities. Residents of the communities are as a rule, n
ot invited to the big functions and or dinners being kept on the farms; sometimes
even the farm hands and their families are excluded from these events, a reality
that further negatively influences the relationship between the parties. One sh
ould however, carefully note, that Ham Stables not only yearly sponsors a youth
club, but also has present at some of its events some citizens from as far as Gr
eater Portmore. The Ham Stables approach to community relations however is not w
idespread as can be seen around Grange Lane where four stud farms are located. I
n order to reduce some of the operating costs to the farms, there is a need for
closer collaboration between the farms and their neighbours. The removal of hors
e waste from the fields could be greatly enhanced if the communities were encour
aged to carry out the commercial growing of potted plants or to manufacture comp
ost for sale, the pest loads in the pastures could be reduced if the farms facil
itated the leasing of sections of the pasture for the seasonal cultivation of cr
ops or rearing of free range ducks/poultry. This type of collaboration would ser
ve to increase employment, reduce security and hygiene costs by spreading the ri
sks, and greatly improve the relationship between the farms and the neighbouring
communities. The restructuring and decline of the sugar industry has left a lar
ge pool of unskilled labour at the doorsteps of the stud farms. Here the active
management of expectations is of vital importance for peaceful co-existence and
economic development.
The Jamaica Racing Commission The Measuring of Performance The performance of th
e Jamaica Racing Commission in this section is assessed against the three pillar
s that define its policy and task domain, namely: 1. The Jamaica Racing Commissi
on Act of 1977 2. The Mission Statement of the Commission and 3. The Racing Rule
s of 1977 These three instruments in terms of their intent, have remain stable o
ver the years, with minor amendments and refinements been made to the Act and to
the Rules. It is from these three instruments that bench-marks are developed. T
ask & Policy Environment

The Jamaica Racing Commission operates in a task and policy environment, which i
s defined by the presence of three powerful and influential monopolies, namely t
he Caymanas Track Limited, Jamaica Betting and Gaming Commission and the Bookmak
ers Association. These monopolies have the ability to influence the Jamaica Raci
ng Commission source of funding, amount of funding and speed of funding. The Min
istry of Finance and the Public Service, acts as a broker between the parties in
this task and policy environment. At a second level the environment is defined
by: - occupational (professional) groupings are carrying out the functions of lo
bbying bodies and as platforms for engaging in negotiations between the Jamaica
Racing Commission and the promoter, Caymanas Track Limited in advancing their ow
n particular interests. These occupational groups are known to at times, try to
use either of the two monopolies i.e. the Commission or the promoter, to act aga
inst each other with the intent of modifying, stopping or delaying actions by ei
ther body that is not in their interests. At this second level one finds the Stu
d Farm operators and the breeders, who are organized within their respective bod
ies. Thus while the parties at this second level may be individually smaller, nu
merous and operating within a monopolistic market, their coming together for pur
suance of shared goals and interests, means that within the Jamaica Racing Commi
ssion task and policy domain, they appear as monopolies in their own rights. The
Jamaica Racing Commission is a very small and highly specialized Division of th
e Ministry of Finance and The Public Service, established by Act of Parliament,
with the responsibility and mandate to regulate the racing industry and facilita
te the development of thoroughbred racing and breeding in Jamaica. The Jamaica R
acing Commission is managed by a General Manager Mrs. Ruth SmithSutherland who i
s assisted and understudied by the Director of Racing, Mr. Lloyd Cobran and the
Director of Finance, Mr. Ainsworth Carroll, all three having a combined experien
ce in the Racing Industry of no less than sixty years. The function of the Commi
ssion is to provide strategic policy direction, participate in solving problems
of a policy nature, and recommend where needed amendments to the Racing Act and
the Rules of Racing. The Jamaica Racing Commission is further assisted and advis
ed by a panel of Racing Commissioners, who are charged with ensuring that all st
akeholders act in accordance with the Rules of Racing and who are duty bound to
be present at all race meets. The composition of the Board of Commissioners is d
etermined by the Minister of Finance in keeping with the Racing Commission Act o
f 1977. The main source of direction and guidance to the Jamaica Racing Commissi
on are the Jamaica Racing Commission Act, The Rules of Racing and the annual str
ategic plan of the Jamaica Racing Commission. All of these foundation documents
are reviewed on a regular basis, and are recommended to be amended in keeping wi
th the development of the racing industry and thoroughbred racing in particular.
While the racing industry in terms of revenue turn-over is one of largest and m
ost dynamic, with revenues running into the billions dollars, the Jamaica Racing
Commission full time staff compliment forty, hence making the Commission one of
the most efficient arms and civil administration. Jamaicas of Jamaican is less t
han of government
Apart from the regulating of races, the Jamaica Racing Commission is the sole ag
ent in Jamaica that is currently involved in the training of racing professional
s such as jockeys and trainers, with the training of grooms and farriers current
ly at the curriculum development stage. Additionally the Commission administers
the industrys health insurance policy, directs the

remedial education programme, pension scheme and other such welfare activities f
rom its Welfare Office which is located at Caymanas Park. The Jamaica Racing Com
mission is actively involved in the welfare and care of the horses belonging to
the industry. In order to effectively carry out its animal welfare policy, the C
ommission has on staff two full-time and two part-time veterinarians, all of who
m work from the veterinary office at Caymanas Park. The Commissions veterinarians
are also responsible for the marking or tagging of horses, ensuring that horses
entered on any given race card are fit to race and free from drugs. They are al
so responsible for assisting the racing industry to participate in regional meet
s, to ensure that all horses in racing are duly vaccinated and assisting the Rac
e Stewards when such requests are made, the identification and removal of abando
ned horses, the development and implementation of the horse retirement programme
among other duties. The veterinarians are assisted by an administrative secreta
ry.
The Organizational Structure Of The Jamaica Racing Commission
Industry Unique Departments Those Departments which are unique to the Jamaica Ra
cing Commission fall under the direct span of control of the office of the Direc
tor of Racing. These departments are:1. The Registration Department. This depart
ment is tasked with the responsibility of carrying out the registration of all h
orses intended to participate in racing, the assignment of colours to owners, th
e registration of racing professionals, the carrying out of stud farm visits, re
gister the death of horses, prepare the Stud Farm Report. This department, if it
is to be able to better serve the Breeders and Stud Farm operators, needs to ha
ve the services of a Pasture Hygienist and a Veterinary Technician. Without the
service of these two persons, the department will continue to be handicapped in
the type of advice it can provide. 2. The Stewards Department is currently staffe
d by three stewards, whose responsibility it is to ensure the observance of the
Rules of Racing at all racing meets held on Jamaican soil. Additionally along wi
th the Veterinary Department, these Stewards are responsible for the licensing o
f racing professionals, develop and implement training programmes in keeping wit
h the needs of the Racing

Industry, assist in the enforcement of the Commissions anti-doping campaign, reco

mmend amendments, changes and or modifications to the Racing Commission Act and
the Rules of Racing, the preparation of the cull list, recommend measures to enh
ance the safety and well being of man and horse among other duties. This departm
ent is grossly understaffed, given its responsibility set and is currently unabl
e because of man power shortages to police and or prevent racing on unauthorized
tracks. The minimum duties of the Operations Stewards and Stewards of Meeting a
re outlined in the Rules of Racing, 1977. 3. The Veterinary Department operates
the islands only equine clinic. The basic tasks of this department are described
above. However, the department currently is not in a position to assist breeders
and stud farm operators in the reduction of the high levels of false pregnancie
s owing to a lack of resources in the form of equipment and manpower, nor is the
clinic suitably equipped to carry out cause of death investigation. This depart
ment has the potential of increasing revenue intakes if ways could be found to a
llow it to confirm pregnancies and issue the relevant certificate of confirmed p
regnancy. General Observation The Racing Division of the Jamaica Racing Commissi
on with the best intention is currently grossly understaffed and over worked. Th
e Division has significant revenue earning potential; however this potential can
not be fully realized with the current staff numbers and hence is forced to oper
ate below the expectations of the industry. The industry expects this department
to play a leading role in its development and in the welfare of horses in gener
al. The Staff The staff compliment is relative well balanced in terms of age wit
h nearly forty percent being below the age of thirty five years, and nearly equa
l in terms of gender distribution. The average staff member has some eleven year
s of experience working with the Jamaica Racing Commission, with four persons ha
ving over fifteen years of experience. A minimum of eleven staff members are deg
ree holders, and only about five staff members having only high school level edu
cation. While in theory, given the attributes of the staff, succession planning
would appear to be a relatively simple venture, owing to the highly specialized
skills required, understudy programmes are at best feasible within the two divis
ions with a considerable about of time needed for pre-posting training. For exam
ple, for a member of the Registration Department to function near adequate in th
e Stewards Department, at least three months of on-the-track at the races exposur
e would be needed. The staff experience with horses is very limited, with less t
han four staff members knowing how to ride a horse and only some thirty six perc
ent of them having ever visited a stud farm. Sixty five percent of staff members
feel that their training and knowledge of the industry is adequate enough for t
heir effective functioning, and less than fifty percent feels that the Jamaica R
acing Commission facilitates their training in the area of racing and equine man
agement, with less than forty percent of staff members receiving any form of tra
ining in this area. Some seventy-five percent of staff members have made proposa
ls on how to improve the Jamaica Racing Commission as a regulatory body and an e
qual number of staff members are of the view that given the mandate of the Commi
ssion, it should be concerned about the wider development of the equine industry
. Sixty four percent of staff members are of the view that the Commission would
be better able to carry

out its mandate were it better funded and having the status of an executive agen
cy. Below are samples of the comments of staff members to given questions:4. Wha
t is meant by the term handicapping? Ans.;- Weight that the jockey is supposed to r
un with. The allotment of weight given to the horse based on their previous perfor
mance so as to ensure that the race is run on even ground. 5. Is a racing card and
a meet the same thing? Explain your answer. Ans:- No, Race card is an outline of th
e programme, the race meet is the race day Basically it is the races to be run on
a particular day No! The race card is a schedule of time, number of races, horses
and their jockeys, equipment used by their jockeys, weight. The meet is the actu
al event that takes place on the day. 14. Do you think that the Jamaica Racing Co
mmission, given its mandate should be concerned about the wider development of t
he equine industry? Explain your answer, Ans.:- I think they should, although th
ey have been involved with breeders and importation of horses for the breeding t
o be improved. But more needs to be done. Funding!. Yes, because without developme
nt and keeping abreast of international advancement, the industry will stagnate.
New owners and breeders are needed and the JRC must encourage that. The Commissio
n does have as part of its mandate the development of horse-racing in Jamaica. D
evelopment related to the participation, particularly the occupational groups, t
he professionals in the industry as well as the breed (thoroughbred horse). The
Commission should also be concerned about the quality of the racing product and
the development of infrastructure of the racing plant. Some Observations a. The
General Manager is highly respected and has authority based on her knowledge of
the industry and her abilities, as different from authority given by office. b.
The Director of Racing is very talented and has a sound knowledge of his job.. c
. The relationship between all levels of management and the staff and between in
dividuals themselves is excellent and the organization is seen as a family-type
close knit organization. d. It is felt that senior management needs also to give
recognition to all who do good work and not only some of those who are doing go
od work. e. It is felt that more needs to be done to have the Ministry of Financ
e to increase the allocation of resources for overseas training in order to incr
ease the availability of specialized training to a wider cross section of the st
aff. f. Management and the Ministry of Finance need to show a greater level of a
ppreciation for the quality and variety of the work done and the high level of e
fficiency shown by staff members. Rivalries and Conflicts The Jamaica Racing Com
mission has a relatively small staff, who has known each other for a number of y
ears. In addition, the high level of non-substitutability of jobs across departm
ents, added to the extremely limited or no-existent possibility for upward mobil
ity within the organization has significantly reduce the space for rivalry betwe
en departments and between individuals. Of note also,

is the high level of shared values and common principles among staff members and
the management team, thus being into a level of similarity in the way that task
and environment assessments are done, and commonness in starting point in terms
of judging or validation. Notwithstanding, the Commission is staffed by individ
uals who have strong personalities and clear position on issues. This reality ma
kes the various internal meetings within the Commission very lively, and demands
that the General Manager have advance skills in the chairing of meetings. The h
igh male composition and long industry experience of the Racing Division has mad
e it into a reservoir of opinions and debates, which have in the main enhanced t
he efficiency of decision making within the Commission, while at the same time i
n some instances can contribute to a de-acceleration of the pace of task impleme
ntation if Buy-in is not sought. Thus, while the General Manager is a strong and e
xperienced person with a high level of individual authority within the industry
and in the Jamaica Racing Commission in particular, the relative strength of per
sonality and experience of key individuals within the organization means that he
r approach had been and has to be one of negotiation rather than dictate. The Se
curity Environment While in the process of carrying out its day to day duties, t
he Jamaica Racing Commission might cause injury to individuals or parties in ter
ms of negatively affecting their income flows and their ability and level of par
ticipation in racing, the Commissions approach to security appears to remain nave
and out of keeping with the conditions prevailing within its task and policy env
ironment. The main office of the Jamaica Racing Commission is located at Winches
ter Road, very close to Half Way Tree, it is partially surrounded by the Bureau
of Standards, and it is bordered in the north by the Jamaica Society for the Pre
vention of Cruelty to Animals. While the premises of the Jamaica Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to animals is unsecured and unguarded with an open gate p
olicy in operation, the Bureau of Standards has in force a closed gate policy wi
th guards posted at the gates and on the reception area of the building. Ground
security for either premises is none existent. Thus, it is a real possibility fo
r a person to move in a straight line though the chain-link border fence with th
e Young Men Christian Association, through the Bureau of Standards and through t
he Jamaica Racing Commissions chain-link border fence, undetected if this operati
on is carried out at the proper time. The Jamaica Racing Commission operates an
open gate and open policy, without active security presence during the days. Bot
h the vehicles of the General Manager and the Director of Racing are parked on t
he compound in a straight line from the gates and at the left side of the buildi
ng. This enhances potential criminals ability to plan both time of entry and mode
of departure from the premises. The fact that an open gate policy is in operati
on means that any and all vehicles parked on the compound can be targeted. The o
pen door policy of the Commission also means there is no security system or mean
s of meaningful deterrent, anywhere in the building, thus a person off the road
can enter through the front door and move through any area of the building, with
the use of just the name of one Steward. It also means that individuals who are
in the building for legitimate purposes such as jockeys or trainers can access
all areas within the building.

Additionally there is no evidence that the premises of the Jamaica Racing Commis
sion is toured during the night by the guard on location, who tend to be either
under the parking shed during the night and by the Hall of Fame during the early
mornings. This guard is armed with a piece of steel pipe that is left next to t
he cherry tree and or a long kitchen knife. The work of the guard is at times co
mpounded by visitors to the grounds man, visitors whom the guard is not general
in advance notified about. The compound by way of externalities benefit from som
e additional level of security from the Bureau of Standards, the housing estate
and office complex across the road, locations with manned security presence at t
heir entrance, from which the Commissions compound is visible. The fact that a ma
jor police center is located within close proximity also enhances the sense of s
ecurity. Welfare Office Security The Welfare Office, which given it nature and s
cope of work, can be defined as a high-risk area has no form of active security.
The guard at the entrance gate of the compound at Caymanas Park is not in a pos
ition to see the entrance to the Welfare Office, and that part of the compound i
n general does not benefit from security patrols, which are as a rule irregular
and infrequently done. The fact that the office is located at the back of a buil
ding and facing a concrete wall, with a passage at the side of the building form
ed by a section of the same concrete perimeter fence, does nothing to enhance se
curity. Security at this location stems from the age and gender of the Welfare O
fficer and the fact that her work has been of benefit to many, added to the fact
that she is quite frequently in and around the backstretch carrying out her ins
pections. The Veterinary Office The veterinary office is in the main a secure lo
cation in terms of the presence of a guard and the enforcement of a closed-door
policy. It is however to be noted that security in this location is one of perce
ption, rather than real. The presence of an unharmed female security guard, who
is clearly a mother of growing children, has more a deterrent effect than giving
a sense of actual security. Secondly the examination barns do not benefit from
any type of visual or electronic security. An area of significant weakness, iden
tified elsewhere, is the fact that at least one of the vets computer is not passw
ord secured nor from observation the computer of the secretary. Thus information
on those computers is secured only to the extent that a member of staff of the
Commission is present in the office. Electronic Security A major area of weaknes
s is in the area of the security of the Jamaica Racing Commission information sy
stem. The fact that the server used by the Commission is out of the Commissions c
ontrol creates particular types of vulnerabilities and increases the potential s
cope for hacking into the system. While the Commissions computers are Firewall an
d anti-virus protected, one should note that the software in use is that used th
roughout the civil service and whose strengths and weaknesses are known, thus pr
oviding the opening for the remote disabling of the anti-virus and Firewall syst
em if needed. Location and Land Use The Jamaica Racing Commission is located at
8 Winchester Road on roughly two acres of prime commercial lands. Over the decad
es, the neighbourhood has been changed

from a mainly upper income residential area to one dominated by government insti
tutions along with a few from the private sector. It forms part of the Greater N
ew Kingston area, from the perspective of those who work there and in terms of l
and use, however, from a geographical point of view it is part of the Half Way T
ree Area, served by the Half Way Tree Post Office and the Half Way Tree Police S
tation, unlike New Kingston Proper which is served by the Cross Roads Post Offic
e and the Cross Roads Police Station albeit that it has its own police post. The
area is well lit, and the roads are in relative good condition although in a st
ate of repair that is below those found in New Kingston proper. Unlike other nei
ghbouring communities to the west of Half Way Tree, the area has a reliable sour
ce of treated piped water. It is also well served by public transportation. The
neighbourhood in terms of crime, shares similar features to those in the shadows
of New Kingston, with prostitution, pimping and illegal vending being the main
form of crime. This is so in part owing to the high level of property security f
eatures within the community, the presence of large number of security guards an
d the presence of a major police office. Unlike in the Half Way Tree or New King
ston areas, crime against the person and crime against property are relative rar
e; it is possible to park anywhere in the neighbourhood without fear. Roughly tw
o-fifth of the Commissions land is build on, with the larger area serving as the
parking needs of staff and visitors. The main office building was designed and b
uilt some thirty years ago and is in a relatively good state of repair for a gov
ernment building. It has three floors and with large transparent glass windows,
thus increasing the use of natural light while reducing the need for artificial
lighting. One should note however that the long enclosed passage on the ground f
loor is in conflict with the energy efficient design of the building. Secondly,
the fact that the windows are closed and with many with drapes, defeats the inte
nt of the architect, as more electricity has to be used for both lighting and co
oling than was intended in the design. The blue Jamaica Racing Commission sign o
n the building cannot be seen from the street, as it was placed in a line of vis
ion blocked by a tree. The fence at the entrance and its grassed strip is one of
the best on the road, however the column at the chained gate area are in need o
f repair. The paved parking area has seen better years, and is now in need of re
pairs. The neighbouring veterinary office with its resident population of animal
s and banana orchard, at times abuse the nose, however reminds one of a more hom
ely place with a semi-rural feel in terms of sight, sound and smell. In The Offi
ce The front office is very unattractive and is reminiscent of a public health f
acility, with its long wooden bench, a wall clock that is either slow or not wor
king and a receptionist area that could have doubled as the cashier or appointme
nt area in a health facility. The long passage from the reception area to the co
nference room and the work areas again adds to the feeling that one is in a hosp
ital. The building assumes good health and immunity of staff members from severe
trauma, as there are no ramps into the building for the physically challenged n
or any of the bathrooms designed to accommodate wheel chairs or users of wheel c
hairs. The canteen area is located on the third floor of a staired building with
out elevators, thus making it difficult to access for those in less than good he
alth or for women in an advanced state of pregnancy. Given the size of the staff
there is an adequate amount of bathroom facilities,

however the lack of drapes on the windows to the two next to the Registry and th
at in the Stewards Department creates unnecessary exposure to those persons stand
ing in or using that section of the Bureau of Standards car park; from the car p
ark it is possible to say who and how frequent one uses the bathroom. The second
floor is well laid out, and aired. The offices, with exception to those in the
IT Department, receive natural light in adequate quantity, unlike those on the g
round floor which are draped. The bathroom area however feels a bit too small fo
r comfort and gives a sense of an absence of privacy. The General Managers bathro
om is very drab and feels a bit too strongly masculine. The third floor, apart f
rom the canteen is under-utilized. However there are plans afoot to put it to gr
eater use. The Jamaica Racing Commission Act The Jamaica Racing Commission Act o
f 1977 gives the Commission broadly interpreted significant scope in terms of it
s span of regulation. The Commission under law is empowered to take action to re
gulate any and all matters relating to horse racing and horse breeding. The Act,
in so doing, defines the sphere within which the Commission is able to act as a
n agent of development, for example schedules 6,1,c, states that the Commission
may apply its funds for all or any of the following undertaking including ( c) t
he setting up or the operation of any undertaking, or both, for the provision of
horses, amenities and any other matters or things relating to horse racing. The
Act further reinforces this interpretation in schedule 22-(2) The Racing Rules
may contain provisions relating to- (e) all such matters, whether similar to the
foregoing or not, relating to horses that are bred for racing and matters relat
ing to racing, breeding, training and grooming as the Commission may from time t
o time require. In Part IV, general, 24-(3) it gives an authorized person the ri
ght to enter any premises at reasonable times believed to be used for the breedi
ng of horses. Therefore, while from the perspective of available resources the J
amaica Racing Commission has done a very good job, from the perspective of the J
amaica Racing Commission Act of 1977, more can be done and be reasonably expecte
d from the Commission. Here it is important to note that it is highly possible t
hat the Mission Statement of the Jamaica Racing Commission limits and restricts
its understanding of the Act. The Act also gives the Commission, significant roo
m to improve its self-financing activities, for example Schedule 4 gives the Com
mission the right ( c) to introduce and implement or assist in or undertake the
implementation of any scheme for the development of the horse-racing industry. T
his is further re-emphasized in schedule 6, which outlines for what purposes the
Commission may apply its funds. It is a wider understanding of the Jamaica Raci
ng Commission Act of 1977, and the revisiting of the Mission Statement of the Co
mmission that will play no small role in outlining the developmental path of the
Commission in the near future. The Commission in many areas, is already functio
ning outside of or near to the boundaries established by the Racing Rules 1977,
in terms of the duties and responsibilities of its personnel, thus calling for i
ts immediate review and amendment to reflect current realities. Performance Over
the years, the Jamaica Racing Commission has been forced to meet growing demand
s for its service while spending only a fraction of what it spent in the year 20
01.

In simple terms the Racing Commission, has been forced to raise it level of prod
uctivity and efficiency while spending less. See table below. Year Expenditure E
xchange Rate In Total Expenditure over 2001 2001 $132,093,738.00 2002 $140,748,3
82.00 2003 $149,252,134.00 2004 $107,772,820.00 2005 $106,272,601.00 2006 $115,6
42,076.00 2007 $136,728,443.00 Source:-Jamaica Racing Total Expenditure in US$ P
ercentage Change
$46.08 $2,866,617.58 100 $48.54 $2,899,637.04 101 $57.93 $2,576,422.13 90 $61.34
$1,756,974.57 61 $62.50 $1,700,361.62 59 $65.88 $1,755,344.20 61 $69.06 $1,979,
850.03 69 Commission Financial Statements.
Equally as real expenditure declined, one also saw a decline in real income over
the period. In short, not only was the Jamaica Racing Commission spending less
while doing more than the year 2001, it was also receiving less to do more. This
situation can only be justified from either of two perspectives: (1) The Jamaic
a Racing Commission was assumed to have a lot of unused reserves on which it cou
ld call on, or, (2) The Jamaica Racing Commission was assumed to be producing at
a level significantly below its optimal potential and thus could do more with w
hat it had. See income table below:Year
Total Income Exchange Rate
Total income in US$
% change in Total Income over
2001 2001 $135,619,103.00 2002 $134,000,260.00 2003 $140,028,766.00 2004 $105,46
3,623.00 2005 $121,987,964.00 2006 $119,695,038.00 2007 $136,876,950.00 Source:Jamaica Racing
$46.08 $2,943,122.89 100 $48.54 $2,760,615.16 94 $57.93 $2,417,206.39 82 $61.34
$1,719,328.71 58 $62.50 $1,951,807.42 66 $65.88 $1,816,864.57 62 $69.06 $1,982,0
00.43 67 Commission Financial Statements
If there were spare reserves, these reserves appear to be long exhausted, with t
he Commission forced to demand more and more from its staff in terms of output.
See graph below:This approach of substituting income for labour, can lead to an increase level o
f stress and frustration over the long run, if relief is not found. Government D
irect Investment While the Jamaica Racing Commission is a Division of the Minist
ry of Finance and Planning, Central Government direct investment in the Jamaica
Racing Commission has declined in a marked negative direction over the period as
is shown in the table and graph below:

Year
Government Subvention Exchange Rate Government Subvention in US $ Percentage cha
nge in Government subvention over 2001 2001 $112,978,249.00 $46.08 $2,451,784.92
100.00 2002 $119,497,453.00 $48.54 $2,461,834.63 100.41 2003 $37,125,785.00 $57
.93 $640,873.21 26.14 2004 $46,146,989.00 $61.34 $752,314.79 30.68 2005 $47,421,
550.00 $62.50 $758,744.80 30.95 2006 $36,693,605.00 $65.88 $556,976.40 22.72 200
7 $13,876,143.00 $69.06 $200,928.80 8.20 Source:-Jamaica Racing Commission Finan
cial Statements
Here one should note that the Levy has not completely been able to substitute fo
r the loss incurred in Government Direct Investment (i.e. subvention) and only t
wice over the period has it been more than the subvention and substantially less
than the subvention of the year 2001. See table below:Year Government Levy in J
$ Subvention in J$ Difference between subvention and levy 2001 $112,978,249.00 $
5,620,472.00 $107,357,777.00 2002 $119,497,453.00 $0.00 $119,497,453.00 2003 $37
,125,785.00 $107,906,519.00 ($70,780,734.00) 2004 $46,146,989.00 $81,179,582.00
($35,032,593.00) 2005 $47,421,550.00 $45,979,650.00 $1,441,900.00 2006 $36,693,6
05.00 $36,693,605.00 $0.00 2007 $13,876,143.00 $13,876,143.00 $0.00 Source:-Jama
ica Racing Commission Financial Statements
The Role of the Jamaica Racing Commission in the Production Chain The essential
role of the Jamaica Racing Commission is that of defining, measuring and ensurin
g product quality in the racing industry. In earlier years, pri-1977, the indust
ry was largely self regulated, with the Jamaica Jockey Club playing a small but
important role in ensuring quality. That period was characterized by grave probl
ems in the identification of lineage, problems in relation to the level of train
ing of jockeys and resultant injuries and losses of horses, problems with the us
age of performance enhancing drugs and electrical devices such as the battery, the
beating and other forms of physical abuse of trainers, owners and jockeys; prob
lems with the predetermination of results before the races ran, etc. The Jamaica
Racing Commission, is charged with ensuring that the Jamaican racing product is
in keeping with the best international standards in terms of transparency, qual
ity of inputs, rules, validity of results and fairness of races and in the appli
cation of the Rules of Racing, ensuring minimum standards in the training of rac
ing professionals, the exportability of Jamaican native bred among other quality
maintenance tasks. It is from this perspective that the industry multiplier is
calculated, with the expenditure of the Jamaica Racing Commission, taken as the
direct investment by the state in the production chain as a whole.

Economic Contribution of the Racing Industry in US dollars, for year 2007 Purse
Paid Out 4189805.166 JRC Expenditure 1979850.029 Breeders and owners 483470.1709
Promoters Sales 57040747.02 Bookmakers Local sales 2623218.02 Bookmakers Overse
as Sales 1203534.728 Caymanas Park LTD Turnover 57043.17 Value of Claimed horses
1653527.368 Stable costs 112042797.57 Crop culture Contribution 3625855.778 Mar
e Covering Fee 365217.3913 Revenue from Foal crop 413829 Revenue from keep and c
are at Stud farm 2951244 TOBA Sales 819722 Total Contribution 189449861.4 The si
ze of the industry Multiplier= 94.688996 In other words one US dollar invested i
nto the Jamaica Racing Commission created a value of 94.69 times greater than th
e initial investment. Productivity for one US dollar invested in Jamaica Racing
Commission personnel expenses (i.e. wages etc)= $176.50, in other words one US d
ollar invested in personnel creates a total of $176.50. Jamaicas Gross Domestic P
roduct at end for 2007, using World Bank figures, was US$10,739,000,000.00, whic
h means that the racing product, narrowly defined, contributed some two percent
of the Gross Domestic Product
Appendix 1 Caymanas Horse and Stable Count Form Date of count:-_________________
____ Counted by:-_____________________ Stable number and state of repair Number
of stalls in stable Number of female in stable Number of horses in stable Number
of foreign bred in stable by gender Number of grooms employed by stable Number
of trainers employed at stable Number of owners with horses in stable

Appendix 2 Claiming Races (Some Possible Things To Look At) Years under review:
- 2003, 2004, 2006 Question: Is a claiming race a clearing market or is it a mar
ket for speculation, collusion and hedging? 1. Total number of races ran, 2. Tot
al amount paid out in purse money and or stakes. 3. Total number of claiming rac
es ran, 4. Total amount of purse money paid out in claiming races 5. Total numbe
r of horses started in all races. 6. Total number of horses started in claiming
races. 7. Total number of horses claimed. 8. Total value of claims. 9. Number of
claims per horse ( lowest highest) 10. Total number of claimers 11. Total numbe
r of claims by large claimants (owners/ trainers of ten or more horses). 12. Tot
al value of claims made by large claimants (owner/trainers of ten or more horses
). 13. Number of cross claiming between large claimants. 14. Value of cross clai
ming between large claimants. 15. Number of double cross claiming between large cl
aimants (i.e. John claims Pauls horse in one race and within a two year period th
e same horse is reclaimed by John)

Appendix 3 Farm Community Survey Dear Resident; The Jamaica Racing Commission is
in the process of conducting a study of the local racing industry. It is the in
formed opinion of the Jamaica Racing Commission, that your views of the industry
as a neighbour are both extensive and rich; as such we are seeking your assista
nce in completion of this project, by completing questionnaire below. Thanks for
your cooperation. QUESTIONNAIRE Please Answer All Questions____________________
_______________ 1. The name of the community____________________________ 2. Gend
er_________________________ 3. Age (please tick one):- 18-23 years , 24-29 years
, 30-35 years, 36-41 years, 42-47 years, 48-53 years, 54-59 years, 60 and over.
4. How long have you lived in this community? ________________ 5. Are you a prac
ticing Christian? ___ 6. Do you rent or live in your own home? _____________ 7.
Do you work at the near by stud farm? _________ 8. If yes for question 6 for how l
ong? _____ 9. Do you know anyone from this community who works at the near by st
ud farm? _________ 10. To your knowledge has the near by stud farm sponsored any
activities or competitions in the community during the last twelve (12) months?
_________ 11. Does the near by stud farm provides jobs for residents of this com
munity?______ 12. Do you know anyone who sells things to employees of the near b
y stud farm or to people going to races at the track? ________ 13. What does the
farm purchases from the community? ____________________________________________
______________________________________ ________________________________________
14. Has any official from the near by stud farm visited your community during th
e year? ______ 15. Has any official from the farm visited your Church? _________
16. Do you think that if the near by stud farm were to be closed, your communit
y would be badly affected as a result of the closure?_________ 17. Do you think
that the near by stud farm at its present location has been for business in the
community?_________ 18. Do you think that the near by stud farm has contributed
to the stability, economic and social well being in the community?__________ 19.
What good or bad would you say about the near by stud farm? ___________________
_______________________________________________________________ ________________
__________________________________________________________________ _____________
_____________________ End. Thank you.

Appendix 4 Female Questionnaire Dear Madam; The Jamaica Racing Commission is in

the process of conducting a study of the local racing industry. It is the opinio
n of the Jamaica Racing Commission that your views of the industry as a woman ar
e of importance. It is in this light your assistance in completing the questionn
aire below is being requested. The information you give will be handled with the
strictest confidence. Thank you. Please Answer All Questions___________________
_____________________________ Location:-______________________________________ D
ate of interview:-_______________________ Time of interview:-__________ 1. Have
you ever gone to horse racing at Caymanas Park ?_____ 2. Do you think that upsta
nding progressive young women should visit Caymanas Park?_________ 3. Have you e
ver placed a bet on horse racing?______ 4. Do you play lotto or Prick Three or any
other such betting?__________ 5. Do you think that it is ok for upstanding prog
ressive young women to gamble?____ 6. If your husband or boyfriend invited you o
n a date to Caymanas Park , would

you go?_________ 7. Do you know of any woman of any age who goes to watch horse
racing at Caymanas Park?__________ 8. Have you ever seen a live horse racing com
petition?_________ 9. Have you ever seen a live donkey racing competition?______
__ 10. Do you think to going to watch horse racing is a sinful act?____________
11. Is betting on horse racing a sinful act?_________ 12. Do you watch horse rac
ing on television?________ 13. Can you give the name of one racing horse?_______
_ 14. Can you give the name of one jockey?____________ 15. What in your view pre
vent most women from visiting Caymanas Park?____________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________________________
___________ 16. Have you ever being in a betting shop?_________ 17. Do you think
that betting shops are female friendly?____________ End, Thank You For Your coo
peration. Could you please give a contact number :-__________________ Appendix 5
Items to be looked at the Community Level 1. Name of the community. 2. Location
of the community. 3. Position of the community on the Planning Institute of Jam
aica Poverty Map. 4. Number of persons living in the community. 5. The number of p
ersons employed from the community. 6. Number of full time employees of the farm
/track living in the community. 7. The categories of workers employed from the c
ommunity. 8. The number of females employed from the community. 9. The number of
persons under the age of 35 employed from the community. 10. The number of male
s under the age of 35 years employed by the community. 11. The number of student
s who did holiday work on the farm or at the track last summer. 12. The number o
f youth clubs in the community surrounding the farm or the track. 13. The number
and type of schools in the community. 14. Number and types of Churches in the c
ommunity. 15. Number and type of sports teams in the community. 16. Number of fa
rm/track employees involved in community based organizations. 17. Number and typ
es of community based activities sponsored by the farm/track. 18. Types and quan
tities of goods and or services bought by the farm/track from the community. 19.
Types and quantities of goods and or services bought by the community from the
farm/track. 20. Types and quantities of market and non market produce harvested
by the community from the farm/track. 21. Number and type of small business in t
he community. 22. Number and types of crimes reported in the community over the
last seven months. 23. Is there a police station in or near to the community? 24
. Number of new families or individuals who moved into the community over the la
st seven months. 25. Number of new families or individuals who removed from the
community over the last seven months. 26. Number of small businesses that were o
pened in the community during the last seven months. 27. Number of small busines
ses in the community that closed during the last

seven months.
Appendix 6 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BREEDERS, OWNERS, TRAINERS, JOCKEYS Dear Sirs; The
Jamaica Racing Commission is in the process of conducting a study of the local r
acing industry. This study is intended to provide the Commission with a detailed
understanding of the state of the industry, its contribution to the national ec
onomy and to job creation, etc; in addition to providing the Commission with the
type of information needed for long term planning. By providing the information
requested on this questionnaire, you will be making an immense contribution to
this study. We hurry to assure you that all information given will be held with
the strictest sense of confidentiality and will not under any given circumstance
s be transferred to a third party. Thanks for your cooperation. 1. Is the sport
of racing in Jamaica properly recognized?________________ 2. Where would you lik
e to see the sport in ten (10) years? __________________________________________
________________________________________ _______________________________________
___________________________________________ ____________________________________
_______ 3. Compare racing today to when you first started? _____________________
_____________________________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________________________________ _______________
___________________________________________________________________ ____________
__________________ 4. What is the cost of gear now, compared to when you started
riding, training, breeding?__________________________________________________ 5
. Compare the condition of racing facilities now and then: a. Racing plant:_____
________________________________________________ _______________________________
______________________________________ b. Racing surface:_______________________
___________________________ ____________________________________________________
______________________________ ___________________________________________ c. St
ables:__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ ________________________________________
__________________________________________ _____________________________________
_______ d. Stable area:______________________________________________________ 6.
What are your short and long term goals? a. Short term :_______________________
_______________________________ ________________________________________________
__________________________________ _____________________________________________
___________ b. Long term :______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___

________________________________________________________________________________
__ __________________________________________ 7. Do you think the purse structur
e is adequate at this time compared to yesterday?_______________________________
___________________________ 8. What would be a satisfactory wage for you?_______
___________________ 9. Racing is seen by some people as a corrupt sport, how can
this be changed and what can you do to help this? __________________________ __
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ ____________________________________
______________________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________________
_____________ 10. What does local racing need to move it forward? a. Short term
_______________________________________________________ ________________________
__________________________________________________________ _____________________
_____________________________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________________________________ _______________
___________________________________________________________________ ____________
____ b. Long term _______________________________________________________ ______
____________________________________________________________________________ ___
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ 11. Is the sport as professional in
your area as you would like?___________ 12. What would you like to see changed i
n your area of the sport? ______________________________________________________
_______________ ________________________________________________________________
__________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________ ___________________________________________ 13. Has it imp
roved in your area since you started?______________________ 14. Do you think tha
t you have the type of support you would need to do your best in the sport?_____
_________________________ 15. If your answer is no to question 14, what type of su
pport do you think that you would need to do your best and which agency or insti
tution should provide this support._____________________________________________
_____________________________ __________________________________________________
________________________________ _______________________________________________
___________________________________ _____________________________ 16. How can yo
u help in making the sport better in your area? ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________________________
__________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________ _________________________ 17. If you had a
choice, would you leave the sport and what would make you leave?_______________
__________________________________________ _____________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________
________________________________________________ _________________________ 18. S
hould there be a limit on the number of Trainers and Jockeys being graduated?___
______________________________________________________ 19. In you view, is the r
acing a business venture or is it strictly a sport? Explain your answer.________
___________________________________________________________________ ____________
______________________________________________________________________ _________
_________________________________________________________________________ ______
_______________________ 20. For those who see racing as a business venture and a
n area of investment,

what in your view can be done to make this business more profitable?____________
___________________________________________________________ ____________________
______________________________________________________________ _________________
_________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________ ___________
______ 21. What type of incentives can the government give to make the business
of racing more attractive? _____________________________________________________
_____________________________ __________________________________________________
________________________________ _______________________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________ 22. What are the challenges in your view, the
industry faces in disposing of retired horses? ________________________________
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________________________________ __________________________
________________________________________________________ _______________________
_____
23. What can be done to reduce the challenges faced in disposing of the retired
horses? ________________________________________________________________________
__________ _____________________________________________________________________
_____________ ___________________________________ 24. Do you think that the serv
ices provided by grooms, exercises riders and farriers (black smiths) are at the
standard desired? Explain your answer._________________________________________
__________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________ _____________________________ 25. Do yo
u think that there is a problem with the quality of local bred horses? Explain y
our answer. ____________________________________________________________________
______________ _________________________________________________________________
_________________ ______________________________________________________________
____________________ ______________________________ 26. Would you support the es
tablishment of a national stud? Explain your answer. _____________________________
_____________________________________________________ __________________________
________________________________________________________ _______________________
___________________________________________________________ ____________________
__________ 27. Overall, how can the game be improved?___________________________
__ _____________________________________________________________________ _______
______________________________________________________________ _________________
_________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________ ___________
________________________________ 28. Do you think that we need a new racing plan
t? _____________________________________________________________________ 29. How
can the Jamaica Racing Commission better serve your needs? ____________________
______________________________________________________________ _________________
_________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________ ___________
_______________________________________________________________________ ________
_________

30. What are the three main challenges facing you as a professional and or busin
ess person in racing? __________________________________________________________
________________________ _______________________________________________________
___________________________ ____________________________________________________
______________________________ _________________________________________________
_________________________________ ______________________________________________
____________________________________ ____ 31. Would you support and or encourage
the establishment of a racino at Caymanas Park? Explain your answer. ____________
______________________________________________________________________ _________
_________________________________________________________________________ ______
____________________________________________________________________________ ___
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
__ ___ 32. Do you think that owners, breeders, trainers and jockeys are doing en
ough to market the intellectual property (names, colours, photos etc) they creat
e by participating in racing? Explain your answer. .____________________________
_____________________________________________________ __________________________
________________________________________________________ _______________________
___________________________________________________________ ____________________
______________________________________________________________ __________ _ 33.
Do you think that the exportation of retired horse or horse meat to countries su
ch as Mexico, Guadeloupe or Haiti, for human consumption is a feasible idea to b
e encouraged? Explain your answer.______________________________________________
_____________________________ __________________________________________________
________________________________ _______________________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________________
______________________________________ _______________ End. Thank you for you co
operation
Appendix 7 Punters Questionnaire Dear Race Goer : The Jamaica Racing Commission i
s in the process of conducting a study of the local racing industry. It is the o
pinion of the Jamaica Racing Commission that your views of the industry as a pun
ter and or a supporter of racing are of importance. It is in this light your ass
istance in completing the questionnaire below is being requested. The informatio
n you give will be handled with the strictest confidence. Thank you.

Please Answer All Questions________________________________________________ Sect

ion of the Track:-______________________________________ Date of interview:-____
___________________ Time of interview:-__________ 8. Gender:___________ 9. Age:(please tick one) 18-23 ____24-29_____30-35_____36-41___42-47_____4853_____54-5
9________60 and over_________ 10. How long have you been visiting Caymanas Park?
___________ 11. How long have you been betting on horses? _________ 12. Do you
also place bets at Off-Track betting shops? _____ 13. Do you do most of your bet
ting on horses at the track?________ 14. Do you also bet on Lotto and other game
s? _______ 15. Do you think that horse racing is corrupt? _________ 16. Do you t
hink that horse racing has to be (must be) corrupt?_______ 17. Are the condition
s at the track better than they were when you first started to visit the track?
________ 18. Are the conditions at the track worst than they were when you first
started to visit the track? ________ 19. Are you getting value for money for th
e services provided at the track?_______ 20. What percent of your salary or wage
do you spend on gambling (lotto, horse racing etc)? ________ 21. Would you carr
y your children to the track? _______ 22. Is parking at the track adequate? ____
______ 23. Is security at the track adequate? ________ 24. Do you live further t
han two (2) miles from the track? _______ 25. Do you use your own transportation
to get to the track? ________ 26. Do you buy refreshment or food at the track?
___________ 27. What percent of your salary or pay do you gamble on horses? ____
____ 28. Do you think that Caymanas Park has a good influence on the communities
next door to the track?_________ 29. Do you think that the track has a bad infl
uence on the value of property around the track? _____ 30. Do you think that Cay
manas Park is doing enough to assist in the development of the neighbouring comm
unities?_____________ 31. Do you know if Caymanas Park has a programme to facili
tate the development of youth and service clubs in at the neighbouring communiti
es?__________ 32. Would you buy a house next door to Caymanas Park?________ 33.
Would you visit a casino? __________ 34. Would you actively seek to gamble at a
casino? _______ 35. Would it be a good idea to build a casino near to the track?
______ 36. What could be done to improve the general situation in and around Ca
ymanas Park?____________________________________________________________________
_________ ______________________________________________________________________
____________ ___________________________________________________________________
_______________ __________________ 37. What could be done to make racing at Caym
anas Park more attractive?______________________________________________________
_________________ ______________________________________________________________
____________________ ___________________________________________________________
_______________________ ________________________________________________________
__________________________ ____ 38. Where you the manager of Caymanas Park, what
would you do to attract more 18

to 25 year old youths to the track? ____________________________________________

______________________________________ _________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________________________
____________________________________________ __________________ 39. Do you think
that there is enough women involved in horse racing?___________________________
________________________________ 40. Is horse racing a dying sports?____________
___________________ 41. What would you do to attract more young women to the tra
ck? ____________________________________________________________________________
______ _________________________________________________________________________
_________ ______________________________________________________________________
____________ _____________ 42. What turns you off the most about Caymanas Park?_
__________________ 43. Would you invite your girlfriend or wife to lunch at Caym
anas Park?______________ End. Thank you. Please give a contact number so that fu
rther contacts maybe made:______________
Appendix 8 Some items that could be looked at Off Track and Caymanas Park (Finan
ce) 1. Sales per month for the last ten years (in constant dollars). 2. Sales pe
r race for the last ten years (in constant dollars) 3. Lowest and highest averag
e monthly sales over the last ten years (constant dollars) 4. Lowest and lowest
sales per race for the last ten years (in constant dollars). 5. Stakes per month
for the last ten years (in constant dollars). 6. Purse per month for the last t
en years (in constant dollars) 7. Lowest and highest stakes. 8. Lowest and highe
st purse. 9. Value of claims made per month for the last ten years (in constant
dollars) 10. Value of claims made per race for the last ten years (in constant d
ollars) 11. Lowest and highest monthly claims. 12. Monthly rate of inflation for
last ten years. 13. Monthly rate of interest on BOJ loans to commercial banks f
or the last ten years. 14. Monthly rate on treasury bills for the last ten years
. 15. Average monthly stock market index for last ten years. 16. Average monthly
volume of sales on stock market for the last ten years. 17. Average monthly inc
rease or decrease in the value of the US dollar over/under base year. 18. Averag
e monthly increase or decrease in the value of the British Sterling over/under b
ase year. 19. Average monthly increase or decrease in the value of the Canadian
dollar over/under base year. 20. Highest and lowest average monthly increase and
decrease in the value of the US dollar over the last ten years. 21. Highest and
lowest average monthly increase and decrease in the value of the British Sterli
ng over the last ten years. 22. Average monthly increase or decrease in the pric
e of unleaded gasoline over/under base year for last ten years.( Percentages cal
culated using constant dollars)

23. Highest and lowest average monthly increase and decrease in the price of unl
eaded gasoline over/under base year for last ten years.( Percentages calculated
using constant dollars)
Appendix 9 Some Items To Be Looked At On At The Farms: 1. Location of the farm b
y village and parish. 2. Age of the farm. 3. The housing of horses :- In Stalls,
Stables, communal stables or barns, their dimensions, material used in their co
nstruction, state of repair, value, and six monthly cost of repair. 4. Number of
stalls, stables or etc on farm, and six monthly cost of repair. 5. The presence
s of a quarantine stable for horses with contagious diseases, material used in i
ts construction, adequacy of ventilation, state of repair, and six monthly cost
of repair. 6. the presence of folding stables , value, material used in its cons
truction, adequacy of ventilation, state of repair, and six monthly cost of repa
ir. 7. Number of foaling stables on farm. 8. The presence of a covered lunch are
a for farm staff, material used in its construction, value, state of repair, and
six monthly cost of repair. 9. The presence of adequate sanitary facilities and
shower area for field staff, material used in its construction, value, state of
repair, and six monthly cost of repair. 10. The adequacy of fencing, type of fe
ncing, length, state of repair and value, and six monthly cost of repair. 11. Av
erage monthly cost of hay and saw dust, as used for feed and for flooring. 12. A
verage monthly cost of utility bills, i.e. water, electricity and telephone serv
ice. 13. Total area of the farm. 14. Amount of hay produced per season. 15. Tota
l area of the farm being used to produce other agricultural crops.. 16. Types an
d quantities of agricultural crops produced per year. 17. Number of non horse hu
sbanded animals on the farm e.g. pigs, goats, cows etc. 18. Total yearly product
ion of these animals. 19. Total area of land used for pasturage. 20. Total numbe
r of brood resident mares. 21. Total number of resident stallions. 22. Total num
ber of resident foals. 23. Average age of resident brood mares. 24. Average age
of resident stallion. 25. Total number of visiting brood mares. 26. Total number
of visiting stallions. 27. Average age of visiting brood mare. 28. Average age
of visiting stallions. 29. Number of non-productive horses on farm (both mare an
d stallions). 30. Frequency of visits by Vet. 31. Average cost per visit. 32. Nu
mber of animals examined during Vet. visits.

33. Frequency of visits by farriers. 34. Average number of horses shoed by farri
er on an average visit. 35. Cost for shoeing an average horse. 36. Daily feed sc
hedule for average brood mare and monthly cost. 37. Composition of feed for aver
age brood mare. 38. Daily feed schedule for average stallion and monthly cost. 3
9. Composition of feed for average stallion. 40. Daily feed schedule for average
foal and monthly cost. 41. Composition of feed for average foal. 42. Average ye
arly cost of medicines for one brood mare. 43. Average yearly cost of medicines
for one stallion. 44. Average yearly cost of medicines for one foal. 45. Average
cost of delivery of a foal 46. Total number of persons employed full time on th
e farm and monthly cost of employment. 47. Categories of personnel employed full
time on the farm. 48. Total number of persons employed part time on the farm mo
nthly cost of employment. 49. Categories of persons employed part time on the fa
rm monthly cost of employment. 50. Number of employees with formal training. 51.
Number of employees completed primary school monthly cost of employment. 52. Nu
mber of employees who have completed secondary (high) school monthly cost of emp
loyment. 53. Number of employees who are members of a citizen association. 54. N
umber of employees who are members of a Youth Club. 55. Number of employees who
are members of a Church. 56. Donations to community based activities. 57. Donati
ons to other charities.
Appendix 10 Staff Questionnaire Dear staff member, As you are aware, the Jamaica
Racing Commission is conducting a study of the racing industry. You as a member
of staff of the JRC play a critical role in regulating and in influencing the f
uture development of the industry. As such it is necessary to request your parti
cipation in this study, through the completion of this questionnaire. Your respo
nses will not be transferred to any given third party, and its use will be restr
icted to the study. Yours truly, Basil Fletcher 12/3/2007

Questionnaire________________________________ Instructions: - Pleaser answer all

questions 1. How long have you been employed to the Jamaica Racing Commission?
_______________ 2. In gambling, what does the term To Draw Less means? ___________
_______________________________________________________________________ ________
__________________________________________________________________________ _____
_____________________________________________________________________________ __
________________ 3. What is your highest level of education attainment? ________
__________________________________________________________________________ _____
_____________________________________________ 4. How do you approach a standing
horse (give direction and side)? _______________________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________________
______________________________________ __________________________________ 5. Wha
t is meant by the term handicapping? _____________________________________________
_____________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________________________ 6. I
s a racing card and a meet the same thing? Explain your answer. ____________________
______________________________________________________________ _________________
_________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________ ___________
_______ 7. Do you think that your training and knowledge is adequate to allow yo
u to effectively function and contribute to the functioning of the Jamaica Racin
g Commission as a regulatory body?________________ 8. Does the Jamaica Racing Co
mmission facilitate you further education in the area of racing and or equine ma
nagement? Explain your answer. _________________________________________________
_________________________________ ______________________________________________
____________________________________ __________________________________ 9. Have
you ever attended a race meet? _____________ 10. Have you ever visited a stud fa
rm? ____________ 11. Have you ever participate in any educational programme gear
ed towards a specialization in thoroughbred racing and or equine management? ___
__________________________ 12. Can you ride a horse?_________________ 13. Have y
ou ever made a proposal about improving in any way the functioning of the JRC as
a regulatory body?_____________ 14. Do you think that the Jamaica Racing Commis
sion, given its mandate should be concerned about the wider development of the e
quine industry? Explain your answer, ___________________________________________
_______________________________________ ________________________________________
__________________________________________ _____________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________
________________________________________________ __ 15. Would the JRC be better
able to carry out its mandate were it an executive agency? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________________
__ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____ __________________________________________________________________________
________ __________________

Thanks for your cooperation

Appendix 11 Printing Industry (Possible Items To Look At) 1. Quantity of program
mes (weights) produced per quarter for the last ten years. 2. Value of programme
s (weights produced per quarter for the last ten years using constant dollars. 3
. Quantity of Track and Pool produced per quarter for the last ten year. 4. Valu
e of Track and Pool produced per quarter for the last ten year using constant do
llars. 5. Quantity of T shirts with racing motifs produced per year for the last
ten years. 6. Value of T shirts with racing motifs produced per year for the la
st ten years. 7. Quantity of articles in major news papers written about the equ
ine industry per year for the last ten years. 8. Value of articles in major news
papers written about the equine industry per year for the last ten years using
constant dollars. 9. Quantity of post cards produced with racing motifs per year
for the last ten years. 10. Value of post cards produced with racing motifs per
year for the last ten years using constant dollars. 11. Quantity of posters pro
duced with racing motifs per year for the last ten years.

12. using 13. years 14. years 15. 16.

Value of posters produced with racing motifs per year for the last ten years con
stant dollars. Quantity of calendars produced with racing motifs per year for th
e last ten . Value of calendars produced with racing motifs per year for the las
t ten using constant dollars. Donations to community activities. Donations to ot
her charities.
Appendix 12 SEGMENT THREE TRAINERS NUMBER OF TRAINERS (SECONDARY RESEARCH) 1. DE
MOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF TRAINER
AGE GROUP 18-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 OVER 60 2. NUMBER OF PERSONS IN FAMILY
HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 3. NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED TO TRAINER
NUMBER EMPLOYED 1 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

4.
AVERAGE MONTHLY COST FOR LABOUR
AVERAGE WAGES PER LABOUR (MONTHLY) Less than J$30,000 J$30,000 50,000 J$51,000 75
,000 J$76,000 100,000 Over J$100,000 5. AVERAGE MONTHLY COST FOR TRAINING MATERI
ALS
AVERAGE COST OF TRAINING MATERIALS (MONTHLY Less than J$30,000 J$30,000 50,000 J$
51,000 75,000 J$76,000 100,000 Over J$100,000
6.
NUMBER OF HORSES UNDER THEIR CHARGE
NUMBER OF HORSES TRAINED 1 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 7. AVERAGE EARNINGS PER MONTH AS TRA
INER

AVERAGE EARNINGS (MONTHLY) Less than J$50,000 J$50,000 100,000 J$101,000 150,000
J$151,000 200,000 J$201, 000 300,000 Over J$300,000 NAME OF TRAINER

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