AQA Mathematics

5361 and 6361

Core 2
Syllabus
&
Past Paper questions

You may use a graphic calculator

in this module

Sequences and Series

A sequence of numbers may be defined by a term to term rule or by a

formula.
e.g un1 = un + 2n with u1 0 gives the sequence: 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30
and un = n2 n also gives 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30
2
note that u6 30 and u5 20 so u6 20 2 5 and u6 6 6 .

Some sequences converge to a limit, L. The limit can be found by putting

L into the rule in place of both un 1 and un and solving the equation.

A series is the sum of a sequence.

u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 ,... is a sequence, whereas u1 u2 u3 u4 ... is a series.

A series is often defined using sigma notation, i.e.

i n

u1 u2 ... un

i 1

i4

4 1.2

e.g.

i 1

(4 1.20 ) (4 1.21 ) (4 1.22 ) (4 1.23 )

i 1

4 4.8 5.76 6.912

An arithmetic sequence or series is one where each term can be found

by adding a fixed number, d, to the previous term.

d is called the common difference.

The nth term is of an arithmetic sequence or series is a + (n 1) d.

An arithmetic series is often referred to as an AP (short for

arithmetic progression).

The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is

1
2

or

S =

1
2

The sum of the first n positive integers is

= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =

i 1

i 99

i 9

i 99

i =

S =

1
2

n (a + l )

n (2a + (n 1)d ) if you don't know what the last term is.

i n

ie

( first term + last term) number of terms

i 1

1
2

n (n + 1)

i 8

i
i 1

1
2

n (n + 1)

A geometric sequence or series is one where each term can be found

by multiplying the previous term by a fixed number, r.

r is called the common ratio.

The nth term of a geometric sequence or series is ar

A geometic series is often referred to as a GP (short for geometric

progression).
i n

ar

i 1

n 1

= a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ... + ar n -1

i 1

The sum of the first n terms of a geometric series is S

As n

1. (a)
(b)

a
1 r

a(r n 1)
r 1

but only for 1 < r < 1

A geometric progression has first term 12 and second term 8. Find the sum to
infinity.
An arithmetic progression has first term 3 and common difference d. The nth term
is 93 and the sum of the first n terms is 768. Find the values of n and d.
SMP 2000 (8 marks)

2. A geometric sequence u1 , u2 , u3 ... has nth term un , where un = 1000 r n1 .

(a)

Write down the value of the first term, u1 .

(b)

Given that u4 8
(i) show that the common ratio, r, is equal to 0.2,
(ii) find the sum to infinity of the series u1 + u2 + u3 ...
AQA (6 marks)

3. A tape-measure is rolled up into a tight spiral. The first complete loop requires 3 cm of
tape, the second 3.25 cm, the third 3.5 cm, with the lengths of subsequent loops
continuing the sequence. The fully rolled tape-measure consists of 25 complete loops.
(a)

Calculate the length of the final loop.

(b)

Calculate the total length of the tape-measure.

SMP 94 (5 marks)

4. (a)
(b)

Find the sum of the three hundred integers from 101 to 400 inclusive.
Find the sum of the geometric series: 2 + 6 + 18 + ... + 2 3n1 , giving your
answer in the form p n q, where p and q are integers.
AQA 2001 (6 marks)

5. (a)
(b)

un
7.
4

Find the limit of the sequence given by un1 =

For each of the sequences below, write down the first four terms and state
whether the sequence is convergent, divergent or oscillatory. For any convergent
sequence, state the value to which it converges.
(i) un = (1)n +

1
n

(ii) 3 + 4n

(iii) un = 10 +

2
n
EXEXC (9 marks)

6. A pipeline is to be constructed under a lake. It is calculated that the first mile will take
15 days to construct. Each further mile will take 3 days longer than the one before, so the
1st, 2nd, and 3rd mile will take 15, 18 and 21 days, respectively, and so on.
(a)

Find the nth term of the arithmetic sequence 15, 18, 21,

(b)

Show that the total time taken to construct the first n miles of the pipeline is
3
n(n
2

(c)

+ 9) days.

Calculate the total length of pipeline that can be constructed in 600 days.
AQA 2002 (8 marks)
13

7. (a)

Evaluate

(3r 2)

(ii)

(5r 3) =

n
(5n 11)
2

(i)

r 7

(b)

Show that

r 1

i1

8. The third and fourth terms of a geometric series are 6.4 and 5.12 respectively. Find
(a)

the common ratio of the series,

(b)

the first term of the series,

(c)

the sum to infinity of the series.

(d)

Calculate the difference between the sum to infinity of the series and the sum of
the first 25 terms of the series.
EDEXC 2001 (10 marks)

9. A young person decides to save 50 at the start of each month to supplement her pension
when she retires. Interest is calculated at the end of each month and is added to her
account. The total in her account after n months can be modelled by the expression
n

50 1.004

i1

(a)

Find the total amount in her account after 3 months. Give your answer to the
nearest 10p.

(b)

Calculate the total amount in her account if she continues this method of saving
without a break for 35 years. Give your answer to the nearest 100.
SMP 96 (8 marks)
3

The Binomial theorem

For a positive integer integer, n, and all values of a and b,

n n 0
(a + b)n = a b +
0

=
an +

n n1 1
a b +
1

n n1 1

a b +
1

The series has n + 1 terms.

n

r

(1 + x)n = 1 + x +
1

(b)

n n r r
n 0 n
a b + ... + a b
r
n
n n r r
a b + ... + b n
r

n!
r !(n r )!

= 1 + nx +

1. (a)

n n2 2

a b + ... +
2

n n2 2

a b + ... +
2

n 2
n r
x + ... + x + ... + x n
2
r

n(n 1) 2
n(n 1)(n 2) 3
x +
x + ... + x n
2!
3!

Use the binomial series to expand (2 3x)10 in ascending powers of x up to and

including the term in x3 , giving each coefficient as an integer.
Use your series expansion with a suitable value for x to obtain an estimate for
1.9710 , giving your answer to 2 decimal places.
EDEXC 97 (7 marks)

2. The first three terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of (1 px) n , are
1 18x + 36 p 2 x 2 .
Given that n is a positive integer, find the value of n and the value of p.
EDEXC 2003 (7 marks)

3. (a)

Write down the first four terms of the binomial expansion, in ascending powers of x,
of (1 3 x) n , where n > 2.

Given that the coefficient of x3 in this expansion is ten times the coefficient of x 2 ,
(b)

find the value of n.

(c)

find the coefficient of x 4 in the expansion.

EDEXC 2002 (6 marks)

4. Obtain, in ascending powers of x as far as the term containing x3, the expansion of
(2 3x)(1 2 x)17 .
EDEXC (4 marks)

Transformations of graphs
a
translates the graph of f(x) through
b
x is replaced by (x a), y is replaced by (y b).

y = f(x a) + b

y = f(ax)

one way stretch, factor

to the x-axis,

1
from the origin parallel
a

y = bf(x)

one way stretch, factor b from the origin parallel

to the y-axis,

y = f(x)

reflects the graph of f(x) in the y-axis

x is replaced by (x)

y = f(x)

reflects the graph of f(x) in the x-axis

eg y = 2 x + 3 is a translation of 3 to the left of the graph of y = 2 x.

y = cos x

is a reflection of the graph of y = cos x in the x-axis

y = sin 2x

is a stretch factor

1
2

parallel to the x-axis, so the

graph now has period 180

1. A sketch graph for the function of g(x) is shown.

Draw carefully, indicating the intercepts with the

axes in each case, separate sketch graphs for the
functions

(a)

g(2x),

(b)

g(x),

(c)

g(x) 2

SMP 95 (6 marks)

2. The function f is given by f(x) =

1
and is sketched below.
x 1
2

f(x)
1
0

Write down an expression for f(x+3), and sketch the graph of y = f(x+3).
SMP 94 (3 marks)
5

3. The diagram below shows the sketch of a curve with equation y = f(x).
y

-3

In separate diagrams, show, for 3 x 3 , a sketch of the curve with equation

(a)

y = f(x),

(b)

y = f(x),

(c)

y = f(3x),

marking on each sketch the x-coordinate of any point or points where a curve touches or
crosses the x-axis.
EDEXC (6 marks)

4. (a)
(b)

On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = 2 x and y = 2 x + 5

Write down the equation of the image if the graph of y = 2 x is
(i)

reflected in the y-axis

6
translated through
0

(ii)

Trigonometry

Cosine rule

c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos C

a is the side opposite

angle A, b is the side
opposite angle B etc

Sine rule

a
b
c
=
=
sin A
sin B
sin C

1
ab sin C .
2

The area of the triangle is

Angles can be measured in radians, where radians = 180

90 =
radians,
60 =
radians,
45 =
radians
2
3
4

arc length of a sector, l = r

area of sector, A =

1 2
r
2

r
6

P
8 cm

1. For triangle PQR, calculate angle P

and use it to find the area of the triangle.

5 cm

R
9 cm

2. From crossroads C a girl sees that a tower T is 2.3 km away

on a bearing of 056, and a radio mast M is 4.5 km away on a bearing of 078.
(a)

State the angle MCT.

(b)

Calculate the distance MT.

(c)

Show that the angle CTM is about 138 and give the bearing of M from T.

(d)

She now walks due east. Calculate how far she must walk until:
(i)

she is due south of the mast,

(ii)

she is in line with the mast and the tower.

SMP (11 marks)

3. Triangle ABC has AB = 9 cm,

BC = 10 cm and CA = 5 cm.
A circle centre A and radius 3 cm ,
intersects AB and AC at P and Q
respectively, as shown.
(a)

A
5 cm

Show that, to 3 decimal places,

BAC = 1.504 radians.

9 cm

Calculate
C

(b)

the area, in cm2, of the sector APQ,

(c)

the area, in cm2, of the shaded region BPQC,

(d)

the perimeter, in cm, of the shaded region BPQC.

10 cm

EDEXC 2001 (12 marks)

4. The diagram shown is of a prism

whose cross-section is a sector of a
circle, of radius 5cm, with angle at the
centre equal to 0.8 radians.
The prism has length 6 cm.

(a)

Find the area of the curved surface of the prism (shown shaded).

(b)

Find the total surface area of the prism.

SMP 2000 (6 marks)

5. The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.

The points A and B on the circle are such that the
angle AOB is 1.5 radians.
(a)

Find the length of the minor arc AB.

(b)

Find the area of the minor sector OAB.

(c)

Show that the area of the minor segment

is approximately 2.3 cm2.

A
O 1.5c
B
AQA 2001(7 marks)

6. The diagram shows a flat symmetrical ornament, ABC, which is made up of two
isosceles triangles, OAB and OAC, and a sector, OBC, of a circle with centre O
and radius r. The point A lies on this circle and the angle subtended by the arc BC
at the centre O is 2 radians.
A

O
B

Show that the total area of the ornament is approximately 1.84r2.

AQA (5 marks)

7.

Shape X

Shape Y
2d

2d
O
D

The diagrams show cross-sections of two drawer handles.

Shape X is a rectangle ABCD joined to a semicircle with BC as diameter.

The length AB = d cm and BC = 2d cm.
Shape Y is a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O and radius 2d cm.
Angle POQ is radians.
Given that the areas of shapes X and Y are equal,
1
(a) prove that = 1 +
4
Using this value of , and given that d = 3, find in terms of ,
(b)

the perimeter of shape X,

(c)

the perimeter of shape Y.

(d)

Hence find the difference, in mm, between the perimeters

of shapes X and Y.
EDEXC 2002 (12 marks)
8

Trig functions

The graphs of y = sin and y = cos have a period of 360 or

2 radians and 1 < y < 1

The graph of y = tan has a period of 180 or radians. It has

discontinuities at = 90, 270, etc

The graph of y = cos is symmetrical about the y-axis.

cos 0 = 1
cos 90 = 0
cos( ) = cos

The graph of y = sin has rotational symmetry about the origin.

sin 0 = 0
sin 90 = 1
sin( ) = sin

The graph of y = tan has rotational symmetry about the origin.

tan( ) = tan
tan = 0 for = 0, 180, 360....

The same transformations can be applied as for other graphs, eg

the graph of y = 5sin is a stretch factor 5 of y = sin parallel to the
y-axis, so has a period of 360 and 5 < y < 5.
1

The graph of y = sin5 is a stretch factor 5 of y = sin parallel to the

x-axis, so has a period of

360

and 1 < y < 1.

c
The graph of y = sin( c) is a translation of y = sin through .
0

1. The diagram shows a sketch of the graph of y cos 2 x with a line of symmetry L.
y

L
x
degrees

(a)

Describe the geometrical transformation by which the graph of

y cos 2 x can be obtained from that of y cos x .

(b)

Write down the equation of the line L.

(c)

Write down the equation of the image if the graph of y = cos x is

(i)

30
translated through
1

(ii)

reflected in the x-axis.

Solving trig equations

check you are working
in the correct mode,
degrees or radians.
1

sin

sin
tan =
cos

cos + sin = 1

Equations such as sin2x = 0.2 have many solutions. Check the required
interval and check you are working in the correct mode, degrees or
radians.

Use inverse sin, cos or tan to obtain the first solution. Sketch the
appropriate basic graph (eg y = sin ) and use symmetry to obtain
other solutions.

If the equation is like 2sinx cosx = 0, rearrange and use tan x .

If the equation is like 2sin2 x 5cos x = 4, replace sin2 x using

sin2x = 1 cos2x so that you get a quadratic equation which involves
only one trig function, Then solve it in the usual way, by factorising
or the quadratic formula.

cos

1. Find all the values of in the interval 0 360 for which

(a)

cos ( + 75) = 0.5,

(b)

sin 2 = 0.7, giving your answers to one decimal place.

EDEXC 2001 (8 marks)

2. Given that 2 sin 2 = cos 2 ,

(a)

show that tan 2 = 0.5

(b)

Hence find the values of , to one decimal place, in the interval 0 360 for
which 2 sin 2 = cos 2
EDEXC 2001 (6 marks)

3. (a)
(b)

Given that 2 cos 2 sin = 1, show that 2sin 2 sin 1 = 0.

Hence find all the values of in the interval 0 2 for which
2 cos 2 sin = 1, giving each answer in terms of .

AQA 2001 (8 marks)

10

4. The diagram shows part of the graph of y 2sin 3 x .

y
A

(a)

Find the x-coordinate of the point labelled A, where the graph crosses the x-axis.

(b)

Describe a sequence of geometrical transformations by which the graph of

y 2sin 3 x can be obtained from that of y sin x .

(c)

Find the two solutions in the interval 0 x

for the equation f(x) =

3

3.

AQA (11 marks)

5.

f(x) = 5 sin 3x,

0 x 180

(a)

Sketch the graph of f(x), indicating the value of x at each point where the graph
intersects the x-axis.

(b)

Write down the coordinates of all the maximum and minimum points of f(x).

(c)

Calculate all the values of x for which f(x) = 2.5.

EDEXC 2002 (10 marks)

6. The equation of a sine curve is y 4 3sin 2 x.

(a)

For this curve, write down the value of:

(b)

Solve the equation 4 3sin 2x = 6 for

(i) the period,

(ii) the amplitude
0 x

.
2
SMP 97 (6 marks)

7. Show that
(a)

tan +

tan

1
sin cos

(b)

(cos y + sin y)2 = 1 + 2sin y cos y

(c)

(1 sin t )2 + (1 + sin t )2 4 2 cos2 t

8. (a)
(b)

Given that 1 is a root of the equation 2x3 5x 2 4x + 3 = 0, find the two

positive roots.
Hence, by substituting x = cos t, solve the equation
for 0 t 2 .
2 cos3 t 5cos 2 t 4cos t + 3 = 0
EDEXC 96 (9 marks)

11

Exponentials and Logarithms

A function of the form y = ax is an

exponential function.

The graph of y = ax is positive for all

values of x and it passes through
the point (0, 1)

Laws of indices:

1
an

1
ap
n

y = ax

1
x

a p a q = a p q

a0 = 1
a p =

a p a q = a pq
(a p ) q = a pq

A logarithm is the inverse of an exponential function.

y = ax x = log a y
a loga x = x

Laws of logs:

eg
eg

1. (a)
(b)

log a a x = x
log a m + log a n = log a mn
m
log a m log a n = log a
n
k log a m = log a mk

log a a = 1
log a 1 = 0

3
3 1
3
3
log 2 ( x ) = log 2 (2 ) 2 = log (2 2 ) = 32 log 2 (2) =
1 =
2
2
2

log10 (2) + log10 (5) = log10 (2 5) = log10 (10) = 1

An equation of the form a x = b can be solved by taking logs of

both sides.

Given that 8 = 2k , write down the value of k.

Given that 4 x = 82 x , find the value of x.
EDEXC 2001 (5 marks)

2. (a)
(b)

Write log a x3 + log a xy log a y 2 as a single term.

Hence obtain an expression for y in terms of x if
log a x3 + log a xy log a y 2 = 0
SMP 96 (4 marks)

12

 8
3. Express log 2
9
determined.

in the form p + q log 2 (3) where p and q are integers to be

AQA (3 marks)

4. (a)
(b)

Show that log 2 8 3

Find the value of:

(i)

log 2 (84 )

(ii)

log 2

AQA 2002 (4 marks)

(a)

1
and 2 y = 4 2
2
find the exact value of x and the exact value of y,

(b)

calculate the exact value of 2 y x .

5. Given that 2 x =

EDEXC 2002 (5 marks)

6. The sequence u1 , u2 , u3 ... un is defined by the recurrence relation

un1 = pun + 5,

u1 = 2, where p is a constant.

Given that u3 = 8,
1
2

(a)

show that one possible value of p is

(b)

Using p =

(c)

Given also that log 2 q = t, express log 2

1
,
2

and find the other value of p.

write down the value of log 2 p .

p 3
in terms of t.
q

EDEXC 2002 (9 marks)

7. Solve the equations

(a)

2(5t1) = 64

(b)

5(t2) = 12

8. The number of bacteria in a colony is initially 400. After t hours there are 400 1.7t .
(a)

How many will there be after 12 hours? Give your answer to 3 s.f.

(b)

How long does it take for the number of bacteria to double?

SMP (5 marks)

9. Solve the equations

1

(a)

2 x = 10

(b)

x
32 x 6(3 ) + 5 = 0

(c)

7 x + 7 x = 2
13

Differentiation and integration

You need to know all the ideas from Core 1

If y = x n then

ax dx =

The trapezium rule can be used to estimate the area under a graph.

b
a

dy
= nx n1 for all values of n, including fractions and
dx
negative numbers.

a n1
x
+ c for all values of n except n = 1
n 1

1
h( y0 y1 ) + 1 h( y1 y2 ) + ... + 1 h( yn1 yn )
y dx
2

1
h ( y0
2

2( y1 y2 ... yn1 ) yn )

The vertical heights are called 'ordinates'. For n trapezia there are
ba
n + 1 ordinates. The width of each trapezium is h =
.
n

1. (a)

To improve the estimate, make h smaller, ie increase the number of

trapezia.

Write x 2 + 8x + 5 in completed square form.

(b)

Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the graph of y x 2 8 x 5.

(c)

Hence write down the coordinates of the minimum point of

y ( x 1.2) 2 + 8 ( x 1.2) .
SMP 95 (6 marks)

2. Given that y x 2 x 2 ,
(a)

find the value of

(b)

find

3. (a)
(b)

dy
at the point where x 2 ,
dx

y dx

AQA 2001 (5 marks)

Express x 2 x in the form x p .

Given that y = x 2 x , find the value of

dy
at the point where x 9 .
dx
AQA 2001 (4 marks)

14

4. A manufacturer produces cartons for fruit juice.

Each carton is in the shape of a closed cuboid with
base dimensions 2x cm by x cm and height h cm,
as shown.

Given that the capacity of a carton has to be 1030 cm3,

(a)
(b)

express h in terms of x,

x
2x

show that the surface area, A cm , of a carton

is given by A = 4x 2 +

3090

The manufacturer needs to minimise the surface area of a carton.

(c)

Use calculus to find the value of x for which A is a minimum.

(d)

Calculate the minimum value of A.

(e)

Prove that this value of A is a minimum.

EDEXC 2001 (14 marks)
1

5. It is given that y x 3 .
(a)

Find

dy
.
dx

(b)

(i) Find

y dx

(ii) Hence evaluate

y dx

AQA 2002 (6 marks)

6. The diagram shows the curves y 2 x 2 and y x 2 which intersect at the origin
and at the point for which x 2 .
y

y 2x

1
2
3

y x2

x
2
(a)

(b)

2x 2 dx and

(i)

Find

x 2 dx.

(ii)

Hence calculate the area of the region enclosed by the two graphs.

(i)

Find

(ii)

Hence calculate the value of x for which the two curves have the same
gradient.

dy
for each of the two curves.
dx

AQA (11 marks)

15

1
.
x2

7. The function f, defined for x > 0, is such that f '(x) = x 2 2 +

(a)

Find the value of f ''(x) at x = 4.

(b)

Given that f(3) = 0, find f(x).

(c)

Prove that f is an increasing function.

EDEXC 2001 (10 marks)

8. The following is a table of values for y (1 sin x) , where x is in radians.

x

0.5

1.5

1.216

1.413

(a)

Find the value of p and the value of q.

(b)

Use the trapezium rule and all the values of y in the completed table to obtain
an estimate of I , where
I =

2
0

(1 sin x) dx
EDEXC 2002 (6 marks)

9. An engineer estimated the area of the vertical cross-section of water flowing under a
bridge. For her model she measured the depth of water at 4m intervals from one end
of the bridge to the other end. Her results are given in the table.
distance from one end (m)
depth (m)

12

16

20

24

1.2

2.3

3.8

4.9

3.2

1.9

0.6

She used the trapezium rule to estimate the area of the cross-section. Calculate the
estimate she obtained.
EDEXC (5 marks)

( x 3)(3 x 2)
dy
d2y
10. Given that y =
, find
and
.
x
dx
dx 2

11. (a) Find

(b)

( x 4)(

1
1) dx.
x

Use your answer to part (a) to evaluate

4
1

( x 4)(

1
1) dx,
x

giving your answer as an exact fraction.

EDEXC 2000 (11 marks)

16

Proof

AB
Statement A implies statement B

is true implies
is true

If A is true then B is true

x 2 ( x 2)( x 3) 0 is correct
BUT
( x 2)( x 3) 0 does not necessarily imply x 2
as x 3 is a possible solution.
In this case:
x 2 is sufficient for ( x 2)( x 3) 0

But

x 2 is not necessary for ( x 2)( x 3) 0

A B
Statement A implies and is implied by statement B
If A is true then B is true and vice versa
so

x = 2 2x 1 = 3
x=2

and

2x 1 = 3 x = 2

2x 1 = 3

x 2 implies and is implied by 2x 1 = 3

In this case x 2 is necessary and sufficient for 2x 1 = 3

1. The function f is defined for all real numbers by f(x) = sin 2 x cos x 1
(a)

Show that f(x) can be written in the form cos x( a b cos x ) where a and b
are constants to be determined.

(b)

Find all the solutions in the interval 0 x 2 of the equation f(x) = 0.

(c)

State, with reasons, whether cos x 0 is

(i)

a necessary condition for f(x) to be zero,

(ii)

a sufficient condition for f(x) to be zero.

AQA (8 marks)

2. A student attempted to solve the equation

17

sin tan = cos

for 0 .

The students solution appeared as follows:

18

sin tan = cos

tan 2 = 1
tan = 1

(a)

State which one of the three symbols is used incorrectly.

(b)

State whether the reasoning would be correct if all the symbols were replaced
by symbols.

(c)

Write out a correct solution of the equation from the point where the students
mistake occurred.
AQA 2001 (5 marks)

Solutions
Sequences and Series

1. (a) 36 (b) n = 16, d = 6

3. (a) 9 cm (b) 150 cm

28

5. (a) 3

2. (a) 1000 (b)(ii)

2500
3

4. (a) 75150 (b) 3n 1

2
1
1
(b)(i) 0, 1 , 3 , 1 oscillatory (ii) 7, 11, 15, 19 divergent
2

2
3

1
(iii) 12, 11, 10 , 10 , converges to 10
2

6. (a) 12 + 3n (c) 16 miles

7. (a)(i) 196 (ii) 30

8. (a) 0.8 (b) 10 (c) 50 (d) 0.189
9. (a) 151.20 (b) 54600
The Binomial theorem

1. (a) 1024 15360x + 103680x2 414720x3 (b) 880.35

9n(n 1)
2

9n(n 1)(n 2)
2

2. n = 9, p = 2

3. (a) 1 + 3nx +

(b) 12 (c) 40095

4. (a) 2 + 65x + 986x2 + 9248x3

Transformations of graphs 1. (a)

(b)

(b)
-3

3. (a)

4. (a)

Trigonometry 1. 84.3, 19.9 cm 2

(d)(i) 4.4 km (ii) 11.1 km

-1

-3

(b)(i) y = 2 x (ii) y = 2 x6

(d) 22.512 cm

(c)

x3

(c)

1
2

2. f(x + 3) = ( x 3) 2 1

x2 +

5
1

2. (a) 22 (b) 2.52 km (c) 098

3. (b) 6.768 cm2 (c) 15.682 cm2

4. (a) 24 cm2 (b) 104 cm2

5. (a) 4.5 cm (b)

6. area OBC = r 2 , angle AOB = 1, area AOB 2 = r 2 sin( 1)

19

27
4

cm2

7. (b) 12 + 3 (b) 18 +

total 1.84 r 2

Trig functions 1. (a) stretch factor

1
2

(c) 12.9 mm

in the x-direction

(b) x = 90

(c)(i) cos(x 30) + 1 (ii) cos x

Solving trig equations

1. (a) 225, 345 (b) 22.2, 67.8, 202.2, 247.8

3
,
.
4. (a)
6
6
3
2
1
(b) stretch factor 2 in the y-direction, stretch factor in the x-direction
3

4
(c) x =
or
5. (a) x-intecepts at 0, 60, 120,180 (b) (30, 5)
9
9

2. (b) 13.3, 103.3, 193.3, 283.3

(150, 5) (90, -5)

Exponentials and Logarithms

1
,
2

8. (a)

5
(b) 3 , , 3

1. (a) 3 (b) 1.2

4. (b)(i) 12 (ii)
1
2

6. (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 3 t

(b) 1 hr 18 mins

6. (a)(i) (ii) 3

(c) x = 10, 50, 130, 170

(b) x = 0.365 C or 1.206 C

3. 3 2 log 2 3

3. (b)

3
2

x4
y

2. (a) log a

(b) y x 4

1
2

5. (a) x = , y = 2

7. (a) 1 (b) 3.54

1
2

(b) 8

8. (a) 233000

9. (a) 3.32 (b) 0 or 1.46 (c) 0

Differentiation and integration 1. (a) ( x 4)2 11 (b) (4, 11) (c) (5.2, 16)
2. (a) 4

1
4

3. (a) x 2 (b) 67.5

(b) 3 x3 + x + c

(c) x = 7.28 (d) A = 636 cm2 (e)

1

d2A
dx 2

16
15

3
2

(b)(i) x 2 ,

2
1
3

515

x2

> 0, so minimum
4

5. (a) 3 x 3 (b)(i) 3x 3 + c (ii) 45

(ii)

d2A
dx 2

= 16,

4. (a) h =

6. (a)(i) 3 x 2 + c, 5 x 2 + c
2

7. (a) 7

x 2 (ii) x = 3
8

31
32

x3 2x x 3 (c) f '(x) = (x x )2, always positive

8. (a) p = 1.357, q = 1.382 (b) 2.59
9. 68 m2
(b) f(x) =
10.

dy
dx

11. (a)
Proof

9
2

1
7
= x x 2
2
1
2 3
5x 8 x 2 3 x 2
1
2

+ 3x

d2y
dx 2

3
2

9
4

1
2

7
4

3
2

9
2

5
2

+ c (b) 3

1. (a) a = 1, b = 1 (b) x = 0,

3
,
, 2
2
2

(c)(i) no, cosx = 1 is a possible

solution (ii) yes, cosx = 0 f(x) = 0

2. (a) tan 2 = 1 tan = 1 is
wrong, since tan = 1 is also possible (b) yes

3
(c) tan 2 = 1 tan = 1 or tan = 1 =
or
4

20