12/8/2013

QUIZ 15 MINUTES
SYSTEMS THINKING

What is
Industrial
Engineering?

Sebuah pengantar

Oleh:
Budi HARTONO

ASSIGNMENT

OUTLINE

In a single page of A4 paper;

Provide explanation:

Teknik Industri apakah itu?

Systems Thinking - kemampuan khas anak TI

Apakah SISTEM itu?

Beberapa konsep dasar Systems Thinking

WHY

DID YOU CHOOSE

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA?

TEKNIK INDUSTRI (IE) APAKAH

ITU?

Whole > sum of parts

Structure affects behavior & fenomena gunung es
Loop

IE CORE COMPETENCE
Human
Factors

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineering is concerned with the design,

improvement and installation of integrated

systems of people, materials, information, equipment
and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill
in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together
with the principles and methods of engineering analysis
and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the
results to be obtained from such systems (by IIE)

Operatio
ns
Research

IE

Productio
n
Engineeri
ng

MFG

12/8/2013

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING UGM CORE COMPETENCES

Prod

CREATIVITY

uction
Engin
eering

TEKNIK INDUSTRI (IE) APAKAH

Oper

> METHODS

ations
Resea
rch

ono
mics
Systems thinking

Nonoperations
Systems

EMERGING

military
ops

humanitar
ian

EPC

IT

CLASSIC

external
(SCM)

ilmu rekayasa (engineering)

yang memiliki karakteristik:

System

Socio-technology
Human-centered

SYSTEMS THINKING = kemampuan khas dari

seorang IE

Manufacturing Healthcare
Systems
Systems
Internal
(PPIC)

Cabang

(c) Budi Hartono - JTMI - UGM

Erg

ITU?

EMERGING

operations

> DOMAINS

Complex socio-tech systems

SYSTEMS

SISTEM TRANSPORTASI

"The Whole is more

than the sum of the
parts" Aristotle

Emergent properties

ORKESTRA

ADALAH SEBUAH

SISTEM

Hikmah yang bisa

diambil?
_______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
___________________

Apa itu sistem ?

_________________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
__________

1+1 > 2 ; SINERGI

12

13

12/8/2013

JADI, SISTEM ADALAH..

SYSTEM INTEGRITY

Segala sesuatu yang menjadi pusat perhatian

kita (definisi anak SMA)
Sekumpulan objek yang saling terkait dan
tergantung
Tak sekadar penjumlahan dari bagiannya
Kompleksitas sistem dilihat dari jumlah objek
dan jumlah ketergantungan antar objek trsebut

Dividing a cow in half does not give you two smaller cows

IE bermain pada level

Socio+Technical SYSTEM

a.

Sistem Transportasi?
Sistem Pertahanan?
Ekosistem?
Taman Safari?

b.
c.
d.

15

QUICK REVIEW - SYSTEMS

DAN INGAT

A collection of people and/or parts

which interact with each other to
function as a whole

"The Whole is more

than the sum of the
parts" Aristotle

WHY?
________________
________________

LACK OF SYSTEMS THINKING

LACK OF SYSTEMS THINKING

Focusing on
PARTS

Columbia Disaster
The loss of Columbia was a result of
damage sustained during launch
when a piece of foam insulation the
size of a small briefcase broke off the
Space Shuttle external tank (the
main propellant tank) under the
aerodynamic forces of launch. The
debris struck the leading edge of the
left wing, damaging the Shuttle's
thermal protection system (TPS),
which protects it from heat
generated with the atmosphere
during re-entry.

12/8/2013

SYSTEMS THINKING

is a way of seeing interrelationships rather than

isolated things

Big picture
Holistic

HOW TO BUY A 5 DOLLAR

-

a.
b.

A regular $5

c.

BILL

An auction for a regular $5

Rules:
Bid increase for every one
dollar
The highest bidder
receive the $ in return for
the amount bid
The other(s) get nothing
but must hand over the $
he / she bid

KONSEP 1 - STRUCTURE

AFFECTS BEHAVIOR

when placed in a same complex system,

people, however different, tend to produce
similar results
We must look beyond individual mistakes to
understand important problems. We must
look into the underlying structures which
shape individual actions.
events
behavior

By: Martin Shubik

(c) www.boed.staff.ugm.ac.id

(c) www.boed.staff.ugm.ac.id

structure

Fenomena Gunung Es - contoh

12/8/2013

Contoh pendekatan generative dengan systems thinking

EVENTS, PATTERNS, AND STRUCTURE

Action
Mode

Time
Orientatio
n

Way of
Questions to
Perceiving Ask

Events

React!

Present

Witness
event

Patterns

Adapt!

Structur
e

Create
Future
Change!

Measure
or track
patterns
of events
Systems
Thinking

What's the
fastest way to
react?
What trends
seem to be
recurring?
What
structures are
in place
causing these
patterns?

Konsep 2 - LOOP
Soviet
Arms

Threat to
Americans

Need to Build
US Arms

US
Arms

Threat to
Soviets

Need to Build
USSR Arms

Contoh lain: persaingan 2 ABG

(c) www.boed.staff.ugm.ac.id

REINFORCING LOOP
Supportive behavior

BALANCING LOOP
Inventory

Behavior Over Time

Structure
Employee
Performance

Perf.
Level

Supportive
Behavior

Structure
Desired
Inventory

Behavior Over Time

Discrepancy
O

Actual Inventory
100 ++

Supervisors
Supportive
Behavior

Unsupportive
Behavior

Time

Actual
Inventory

Desired Inventory

Inventory
Adjustment

100

100 - -

Time

12/8/2013

Langsung ke contoh !!!

- Garuda jatuh di Adisucipto

- Adam air hilang
- Kereta api anjlok
- Korupsi merajalela

SO

TANYA KEN APA ??

Perlu orang-orang yang

bisa berpikir sistem

PERLU ORANG-ORANG

YANG MAMPU BERPIKIR

SISTEM

Selesaikah

masalah dengan

mengecam Garuda?
memecat seseorang?
Reshuffle kabinet?

Ruwatan ??

Kemampuan insinyur secara umum

Berpikir analitik-reduksionis

Kemampuan IE:

Contoh - Dilbert

Berpikir analitik-reduksionis dan

Berpikir sistem !!

FIXES THAT FAIL / BACKFIRE

S

Behavior Over Time

Problem
Symptom

Fix

Delay
S

Time
Unintended
Consequences

Contoh lain: HP buat TKI

12/8/2013

THE SOFTWARE BUG FIX

S

Number of
Bugs in Software

CONTOH HASIL KARYA IE-ERS

YANG MENERAPKAN SYSTEMS
THINKING:

Reward for Fixing

Software Bugs

O
S

Incentive to
Write Software
with Bugs

PR

Contoh fenomena gunung es

1 halaman

CONCLUSION

IE and Systems Thinking

BACAAN TAMBAHAN

Fenomena Gunung Es:

http://budihartono.wordpress.com/2008/02/06/iceb
erg/
Sinergi
http://budihartono.wordpress.com/2008/06/20/sin
ergi/
Contoh systems thinking di SDM
http://budihartono.wordpress.com/2008/04/05/com
mon/