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Time: 50 minutes
1.
(a) Using equipartition law, find the molar specific heat of a gas (at constant volume),
which contains tri-atomic molecules with the atoms bonded (non rigidly) to each
other in a triangular form.
[2 marks]
Triatomic molecule has 3 atoms and hence total no. of degrees of freedom=3x3=9
Out of these, 3 are translational, 3 are rotational and the remaining 3 are vibrational.
According to the equipartition theorem, the average energy per degree of freedom
1
for translation and rotation is k BT each and that for vibrational freedom is kBT.
2
(1 mark)
1
And CV
dE
6NAkB 6R
dT
(1 mark)
or
k
k
k
i .e., Ak 2 v p k ( A is a constant)
vp
..(1 mark)
d
2 Ak 2v p
dk
v g ( 0 ) 2v 0 and
vg
v0
v0
2
2 2 v 0
( 0 ) v 0k v 0
v g ( 20 ) 2
(1 mark)
v
2 v 0
2
( 20 ) v 0k 0
2 20
40
(2 marks)
h, h/c
h, h/c
E e, p e
pe sin
h '
sin .............(1)
c
h h '
pe cos ............(2)
c
c
h '
pe
c
Putting this in eqn.(2),
(1 mark)
h
h '
2 pe cos 2
cos
c
c
2cos .
'
'
or
2cos
(1 mark)
hc
h
(1 cos )
m0c
h
(1 cos )...............(3)
m0c
3m0c 2
h
3m0c
(1 mark)
h 8
'
h ' 5
15
h '
m0c 2
8
h ' 15
pe
m0c
c
8
h
8 h
3
dB
1.3 10 nm
pe 15 m0c
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
x
a
x exists. It is given that V0 has the dimensions of potential and a has the
dimension of length. Both V0 and a are constants. Using the uncertainty principle with
xpx= h, find out the ground state energy of the particle.
[4 marks]
3. A particle of mass m is confined to a region where a potential V V0
V V0
p x
h
2x
a
x 2 x
h2
2
since px 0, p 2 px 2
4x
E
(1 mark)
p2
h2
x
V (x)
V0
2
2m
8
mx
a
(1 mark)
h 2 V0
dE
0
3
dx
4mx a
1/3
h 2a
h 2 V0
0
3
4mx a
4mV 0
h2
h 2 h 2a
x0
E0
0
2
a
8m 4mV 0
8mx0
1/3
h 2aV0 2
4m
(1 mark)
2/3
1/3
V h 2a
0
a 4mV 0
h 2 4m 1
2
8m h a a
1/3
27h 2V0 2
2
32ma
(1 mark)
Even if a student has taken x=x, full credit should be give, provided that all
other steps are correct.
Useful data
E 2 p 2c 2 mo 2c 4
h
1 cos
moc
h
2.43 103 nm
moc