NORTH AMERICA

Emerson Process Management

Marshalltown, Iowa 50158 USA
T 1 (641) 7543011
F 1 (641) 7542830
www.EmersonProcess.com/Fisher

LATIN AMERICA
Emerson Process Management
Sorocaba, Sao Paulo 18087 Brazil
T +(55)(15)2383788
F +(55)(15)2283300
www.EmersonProcess.com/Fisher

EUROPE
Emerson Process Management
Cernay 68700 France
T +(33) (0)3 89 37 64 00
F +(33) (0)3 89 37 65 18
www.EmersonProcess.com/Fisher

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Emerson FZE
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
T +971 4 883 5235
F +971 4 883 5312
www.EmersonProcess.com/Fisher

ASIA PACIFIC
Emerson Process Management
Singapore 128461 Singapore
T +(65) 6777 8211
F +(65) 6777 0947
www.EmersonProcess.com/Fisher

Fisher is a mark owned by Fisher Controls International LLC, a member of the Emerson
Process Management business division of Emerson Electric Co. The Emerson logo is a
trademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of their
respective owners.
The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while
every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed as
warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described
herein or their use or applicability. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or
specifications of such products at any time without notice.
Neither Emerson, Emerson Process Management nor any of their affiliated entities assumes
responsibility for the selection, use and maintenance of any product. Responsibility for the
selection, use and maintenance of any product remains with the purchaser and end-user.
Printed in U.S.A.
EFisher Controls International LLC 2005
D101881X012

ii

Table of Contents

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 5. Control Valve Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Valve Body Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designations for the High Nickel Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Standard Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cast Carbon Steel (ASTM A216 Grade WCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cast Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (ASTM A217 Grade WC9) . . . . . .
Cast Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (ASTM A217 Grade C5) . . . . . . . .
Cast Type 304 Stainless Steel (ASTM A351 Grade CF3) . . . . . . . . . . .
Cast Type 316 Stainless Steel (ASTM A351 Grades CF8M and CG8M)
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM A216 Cast Iron Valves . . . . . . .
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM B61 and
B62 Cast Bronze Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-Style Control Valves . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Buttweld-End Globe-Style
Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Socket Weld-End Globe-Style
Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Screwed-End Globe-Style
Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Centerline Dimensions for Raised Face Globe-Style
Angle Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Separable Flanged Globe-Style
Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flangeless, Partial-Ball Control Valves . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for Single Flange (Lug-Type) and
Flangeless (Wafer-Type) Butterfly Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face-to-Face Dimensions for High Pressure Butterfly Valves
with Offset Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wear & Galling Resistance Chart Of Material Combinations . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Valve Seat Leakage Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class VI Maximum Seat Leakage Allowable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Valve Trim Material Temperature Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Temperature Limitations for Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambient Temperature Corrosion Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elastomer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Valve Flow Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flow Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection of Flow Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valve Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sizing Valves for Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abbreviations and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equation Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining Fp, the Piping Geometry Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74

75
76
77
78
78
79
80
81
82
84
85
86
88
89
90
90
90
91
91
92
92
93
94
94
95
96
101
104
108
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
vii

Table of Contents

Determining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate) or DPmax

(the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining DPmax (the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop) . . . . . . . . . .
Liquid Sizing Sample Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sizing Valves for Compressible Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining xTP, the Pressure Drop Ratio Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressible Fluid Sizing Sample Problem No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressible Fluid Sizing Sample Problem No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Representative Sizing Coefficients for Single-Ported
Globe-Style Valve Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Representative Sizing Coefficients for Rotary-Shaft Valves . . . . . . .
Actuator Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Globe Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Unbalance Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Unbalance Areas of Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Force to Provide Seat Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Packing Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Packing Friction Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Additional Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuator Force Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rotary Actuator Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Torque Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Breakout Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamic Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Rotary Shaft Valve Torque Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V-Notch Ball Valve with Composition Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Performance Butterfly Valve with Composition Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-Destructive Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Magnetic Particle (Surface) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquid Penetrant (Surface) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiographic (Volumetric) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ultrasonic (Volumetric) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cavitation and Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choked Flow Causes Flashing and Cavitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valve Selection for Flashing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valve Selection for Cavitation Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noise Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerodynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrodynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noise Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packing Selection Guidelines for SlidingStem Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packing Selection Guidelines for Rotary Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 6. Special Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii

115
115
115
117
119
121
121
123
126
127
129
129
129
129
130
131
132
132
133
133
133
133
133
134
134
134
134
134
135
135
135
136
136
136
137
138
139
139
140
140
143
144
145
146
147