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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Y BIO QUMICA

E.A.P. DE FARMACIA Y BIOQUMICA
Determinacin de la actividad antifngica contra

Candida Albicans y Aspergillus Niger de 10 plantas
medicinales de 3 departamentos del Per
TESIS
para optar el Ttulo Profesional de Qumico Farmacutico
AUTOR
Mara Elena Huaman Achata
Julio Reynaldo Ruiz Quiroz
ASESOR
Mirtha Roque Alcarraz
Lima Per
2005
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A Dios nuestro ms importante guia, por habernos dado la vida y el valor necesario para
afrontarla. A la Dra Mirtha Roque Alcarraz, por su amistad, sus valiosos consejos y el tiempo
dedicado, muchas gracias. A los miembros del jurado calificador: Presidente : Q.F. Jose Irey
Namijira Miembros : Q. F. Rosario Carreo Quispe Mg. Luis Miguel Felix Veliz Q. F. Maria
Elena Salazar Salvatierra Por sus valiosas sugerencias y consejos.
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El presente trabajo investigo la actividad antifngica in vitro de doce extractos etanolicos
correspondientes a diez plantas medicinales peruanas; Annona cherimolia Mill.(hojas), Annona
muricata L.(corteza y hojas), Bidens pilosa L.(partes areas), Hypericum laricifolium L.(partes
areas), Juglans neotropica Diels(corteza), Piper spp. (hojas), Plantago major L.(hojas),
Psidium guajava L.(hojas), Schinus molle L.(corteza y hojas) y Spartium junceum L. (planta
entera). Las especies fueron recolectadas en el departamento de Amazonas, excepto Schinus
molle L. (Apurmac) y Annona muricata L. (Lima). La actividad antifngica se evaluo mediante
los mtodos de difusin en agar y dilucin en agar para la determinacin de la concentracin
mnima inhibitoria (CMI). Los microorganismos de prueba utilizados fueron las levaduras
Candida albicans ATCC 10231 y Candida albicans cepa clnica, as como, el hongo filamentoso
Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404; las cepas fueron proporcionadas por la Ctedra de
Microbiologa de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqumica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de
San Marcos. De doce extractos investigados, seis presentaron actividad antifngica consistente
con un dimetro de halos de inhibicin #18mm (Prueba de Difusin en agar) frente a Candida
albicans ATCC 10231. Ningn extracto mostr actividad consistente frente a la cepa clnica de
Candida albicans y Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. La CMI de los extractos que presentaron
actividad consistente frente a Candida albicans ATCC 10231, fue de 250 g/mL para Hypericum
laricifolium L., Juglans neotropica Diels, Psidium guajava L. y Schinus molle L. (un extracto de
corteza y uno de hojas) y de 500g/mL para Piper spp. No se determino la CMI de los extractos
(Juglans neotropica Diels y Psidium guajava L.) que presentaron halos frente al Aspergillus
niger ATCC 16404 por considerarlos sin actividad significante (<18mm.). Los antifngicos
Nistatina y Fluconazol fueron incluidos en el estudio como controles positivos.
Palabras clave: Actividad antifngica, plantas medicinales, plantas del Per, Amazonas,
concentracin mnima inhibitoria, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger.
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The present work investigated the antifungal activities in vitro of twelve ethanolic extracts
corresponding to ten peruvian medicinal plants; Annona cherimolia Mill. (leaves), Annona
muricata L. (bark and leaves), Bidens pilosa L. (aerial parts), Hypericum laricifolium L. (aerial
parts), Juglans neotropica Diels (bark), Piper spp. (leaves), Plantago major L. (leaves), Psidium
guajava L. (leaves), Schinus molle L. (bark and leaves) and Spartium junceum L. (whole plant).
The plants were collected in the department of Amazonas, except Schinus molle L (Apurmac)
and Annona muricata L. (Lima). The antifungal activities were determinated by the methods of
agar diffusion and agar dilution for the determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC). The used microorganisms of test were the yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and
Candida albicans clinical isolate, as well as, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC
16404; the microorganism were provided by the Chair of Microbiology of Faculty of Pharmacy
and Biochemistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Of twelve investigated
extracts, six presented significant antifungal activity with a diameter of inhibition haloes #18mm
(Agar Diffusion) against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. No extract showed significant activity
against to Candida albicans clinical isolate and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The MIC of the
extracts that presented significant activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231, were of
250g/mLfor Hypericum laricifolium L., Juglans neotropica Diels, Psidium guajava L. and
Schinus molle L.(bark and leaf extracts) and of 500g/mL for Piper spp. We do not determine
the MIC of the extracts (Juglans neotropica Diels and Psidium guajava L.) that presented haloes
against Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 for considering them without significant activity
(<18mm.). The antifungal agents Nistatin and Fluconazole were included in the study as positive
controls.
Key words: Antifungal activity, medicinal plants, Peruvian plants, Amazonas, minimal
inhibitory concentration, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger.
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Y BIO QUMICA

Determinacin de la actividad antifngica contra

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