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71188 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No.

240 / Friday, December 14, 2007 / Notices

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Alternatively, you may submit your Model Specifications, NHTSA evaluated
comments electronically by logging onto eight separate ISDs. Of these eight ISD
National Highway Traffic Safety the Docket Management System (DMS) evaluations, none resulted in a
Administration Web site at http://dms.dot.gov. Click on successful outcome in the panel test
‘‘Help’’ to view instructions for filing described above. In one evaluation, the
[NHTSA Docket No. 2007–27133]
your comments electronically. device passed the test under all lighting
Highway Safety Programs; Proposed Regardless of how you submit your conditions except sodium. This device
Amendments to Model Specifications comments, you should identify the is no longer manufactured. Although
for Screening; Devices To Measure Docket number of this document. You many novice evaluators were able to
Alcohol in Bodily Fluids may call the docket at (202) 647–5527. judge the correct test outcome in the
Docket hours are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., eight ISD evaluations, some could not,
AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Monday through Friday, except Federal even though the manufacturers’
Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. holidays. instructions were conveyed to the
ACTION: Notice of Proposed FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For evaluators and all evaluators passed
Amendments to Model Specifications technical issues: Ms. De Carlo Ciccel, tests to determine their color perception
for Screening Devices To Measure Behavioral Research Division, NTI–131, ability. This subjective interpretation of
Alcohol in Bodily Fluids. National Highway Traffic Safety test results does not ensure accuracy
Administration, 1200 New Jersey and precision required to protect public
SUMMARY: This notice proposes safety. Due to repeated problems in
Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590;
revisions to Model Specifications for Telephone: (202) 366–1694. For legal evaluating ISDs, NHTSA is proposing to
Screening Devices to Measure Alcohol issues: Ms. Allison Rusnak, Office of remove altogether testing of ISDs from
in Bodily Fluids (Model Specifications) Chief Counsel, NCC–113, National the Model Specifications. Specifically,
published in the Federal Register on Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the agency proposes to update sections
August 2, 1994 (59 FR 39382). These 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., 3.2, 4.1 and 4.2, delete sections 4.3 and
devices test for the presence of alcohol Washington, DC 20590; Telephone: 4.4, and renumber sections accordingly.
using breath or bodily fluids such as In addition, the agency proposes to
(202) 366–1834.
saliva. The Model Specifications delete from Appendix A all references
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: to interpretive or color indicator tests.
support State laws that target youthful
offenders (i.e., ‘‘zero tolerance’’ laws) I. Background B. Breath Alcohol Sample Simulator
and the Department of Transportation’s
As indicated in the Model The Model Specifications currently
regulations on Alcohol Misuse
Specifications published in 1994, the provide for the use of the Breath
Prevention, and encourage industry
agency will modify and improve the Alcohol Sample Simulator (BASS)
efforts to develop new technologies
Model Specifications as new data and device for providing alcohol-in-air test
(e.g., non-breath devices) that measure
test procedures become available and samples. The use of the BASS device is
alcohol content from bodily fluids.
will alter the test procedures, as not necessary for inclusion in the Model
This notice proposes to remove
necessary, to meet unique design Specifications because the BASS device
testing of Interpretive Screening Devices
features of specific devices. Since is intended for use in testing the
(ISDs) and use of the Breath Alcohol
publication of the Model Specifications, sampling efficiency of evidential breath
Sample Simulator (BASS) device from
the agency has encountered difficulties testers. There is no sampling efficiency
the Model Specifications. The ISDs do
ensuring the accuracy of testing ISDs test in the Model Specifications for
not provide an unambiguous test result,
and also has determined the use of the alcohol screening devices. The alcohol-
as test results for ISDs are subjective and
BASS is not necessary for inclusion in in-air test sample for breath alcohol
require interpretation by a test
the Model Specifications. These events screening devices is supplied by a
administrator or technician. Because the
make it necessary to revise the Model calibrating unit. Therefore, the agency
agency has determined the BASS device
Specifications. proposes to remove section 3.5 and all
is not necessary for inclusion in the
Model Specifications, this notice A. Interpretive Screening Devices references to the BASS device from
proposes to remove all references to the these Model Specifications, and
The Model Specifications currently renumber sections accordingly. The
BASS device. allow for evaluation of screening
Additionally, in order to ensure agency would also revise section 3.4 to
devices that require subjective include the updated citation for
product integrity, this notice proposes interpretation of test results by a test
guidelines for retesting devices when NHTSA’s Model Specifications for
administrator or technician. These ISDs Calibrating Units.
manufacturers contemplate changes, differ from devices that provide
revisions, or upgrades to alcohol objective test results, including the use C. Guidelines for Re-Testing Modified
screening devices on the Conforming of digital technology or the appearance Screening Devices
Products List (CPL). of lights or marks based on the presence The Model Specifications provide
The proposed revisions to these or absence of alcohol. For instance, use procedures to conduct special
Model Specifications would not affect of pass/fail lights or enzymes that react investigations and re-test a device if
devices currently listed on the CPL. with alcohol to produce an information gathered indicates that a
DATES: Written comments may be unambiguous mark provide objective device listed on the CPL is not
submitted to this agency and must be test results. performing in accordance with the
received by January 14, 2008. The Model Specifications require that Model Specifications. The agency
ADDRESSES: Comments should refer to interpretive devices be evaluated proposes the addition of Appendix B to
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the docket number and be submitted subjectively under five lighting provide guidance regarding notification
(preferably in two copies) to: Docket conditions (fluorescent, incandescent, and re-testing when manufacturers
Management Facility, West Building, mercury, sodium and daylight) by a contemplate revisions to devices listed
Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey panel of ten novice evaluators who are on the CPL. The proposed Appendix
Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. not color blind. Since publication of the follows the language used in the Model

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 240 / Friday, December 14, 2007 / Notices 71189

Specifications for evidential breath respected. (See 49 CFR Part 512, open market. If the investigation
testing devices (58 FR 48705). regarding the procedure by which indicates that a device actually sold on
Upon notification by a manufacturer NHTSA will consider claims of the market does not meet the Model
of a contemplated change to a device confidentiality.) Specifications, the manufacturer will be
listed on the CPL, NHTSA proposes that In addition, the manufacturer must notified that the device may be removed
it would determine whether re-testing is submit a self-certification, certifying from the CPL. In this event, the
required. Such determination would that the manufacturer meets the manufacturer will have 30 days from the
look at several factors, including the requirements according to the U.S. Food date of notification to reply. Based on
nature and reason for the change, the and Drug Administration (FDA) Good
the VNTSC investigation and any data
scope of the change, the effects of the Manufacturing Practices regulations for
provided by the manufacturer, NHTSA
change on the performance of the devices used for medical purposes (21
device, and how the change will be CFR Part 820), and that the device’s will decide whether the device should
documented for the benefit of the user. label meets the requirements in FDA’s remain on the CPL. If the device is
NHTSA would list device revisions Labeling regulations for devices used for removed from the CPL, the
and whether re-testing was required in medical purposes (21 CFR 809.10), even manufacturer will be permitted to
the next update to the CPL. Appendix if the devices are not to be used for resubmit an improved device to VNTSC
B also would state that NHTSA may re- medical purposes. See Appendix A to for testing when it believes the problems
test any device listed on the CPL at any this notice. causing its failure have been resolved.
time to determine continued The manufacturer has the right to Upon resubmission, the manufacturer
compliance and performance with the check its device(s) between the time of must submit a statement describing
Model Specifications. A device found its arrival at VNTSC and the start of the what has been done to overcome the
not to perform in accordance with the tests, but will have no access to the problems that led to failure of the
Model Specifications would be subject device(s) during the tests. Any device.
to the special investigation procedures malfunction of a device resulting in
If information gathered indicates that
discussed below. failure to complete any of the tests
satisfactorily will result in a the manufacturer of a device on the CPL
II. Procedures does not comply with the requirements
determination that the device does not
This notice proposes no changes to conform to the Model Specifications. If in FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices
the procedures for the Model a device is found not to conform to the regulations for devices used for medical
Specifications other than those Model Specifications, it may be purposes or that the device’s label does
discussed above. This section describes resubmitted for the next testing cycle not comply with the requirements in
the current procedures. The DOT Volpe after appropriate corrections have been FDA’s labeling regulations for devices
National Transportation Systems Center made. The agency reserves the used for medical purposes, NHTSA will
(VNTSC), RTV–4F, Kendall Square, discretion to determine the investigate the matter in consultation
Cambridge, MA 02142 tests products appropriateness of any retest. with FDA and will notify the
manufacturers submit to determine The agency intends to update and manufacturer that the device may be
whether the products meet the model republish the CPL in the Federal removed from the CPL. The
specifications. Tests are conducted Register annually. Republications of the manufacturer will have 30 days from the
semiannually, or as necessary. CPL add conforming alcohol screening date of notification to reply. Based on
Manufacturers are required to apply to devices tested since the last CPL any data provided by the manufacturer
NHTSA for a test date by writing to the republication. and investigative findings, NHTSA will
Office of Behavioral Safety Research, NHTSA will continue to provide
NTI–130, NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey decide whether the device should
notification in the Federal Register
Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. At remain on the CPL. If the device is
when the agency amends the Model
least 30 days are typically required from Specifications as new data and test removed from the CPL, the
the date of notification until the test can procedures become available and will manufacturer will be permitted to
be scheduled. retest devices when necessary. resubmit a self-certification, certifying
One week prior to the scheduled The NHTSA Office of Behavioral that the manufacturer or its device
initiation of the test program, Safety Research is the point of contact complies with these FDA requirements
manufacturers must deliver their for information about acceptance testing when it believes the problems causing
devices to VNTSC. If the devices are and field performance of devices. its non-compliance have been resolved.
disposable, the manufacturer must NHTSA requests that users of alcohol Upon resubmission, the manufacturer
deliver at least 300 such devices; if the screening devices provide both must submit a statement describing
devices are reusable, the manufacturer acceptance and field performance data what has been done to overcome the
must submit only a single device. If a to the Office of Behavioral Safety problems that led to non-compliance.
manufacturer of a reusable device Research when such data are available. These proposed amendments have
wishes to submit a duplicate, backup Information from users will help been analyzed in accordance with the
instrument, it may so do. The NHTSA monitor whether alcohol principles and criteria contained in
manufacturer is responsible for ensuring screening devices are performing
that the devices operate properly and Executive Order 12612, and it has been
according to the NHTSA Model
are packaged correctly. The determined that there are no federalism
Specifications.
manufacturer must also deliver the If information gathered indicates that implications that warrant the
operator’s manual (or instructions) and a device on the CPL is not performing preparation of a federalism assessment.
the maintenance manual (if any) that in accordance with the Model In accordance with the foregoing, the
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would be supplied or is supplied with Specifications, NHTSA will direct proposed amendments of the Model
the purchase of the device, as well as VNTSC to conduct a special Specifications for Screening Devices to
specifications and drawings fully investigation. An investigation may Measure Alcohol in Bodily Fluids, are
describing the device and its use. include visits to users and additional set forth below.
Proprietary information will be tests of the device as obtained from the

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71190 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 240 / Friday, December 14, 2007 / Notices

Model Specifications for Alcohol bodily fluid and BAC has been 4.4.1 Test 4.1. Low Ambient
Screening Devices established according to scientifically Temperature
1. Purpose and Scope acceptable standards. Such fluids Perform 40 trials at 10 degrees
include but are not limited to blood, Centigrade (C), including 20 trials at
These specifications establish exhaled deep lung breath and saliva.
performance criteria and methods for 0.008 BAC and 20 trials at 0.032 BAC.
3.6 Scientifically Acceptable Use a calibrating unit for this test for
testing of alcohol screening devices. Substitutes
Alcohol screening devices use bodily breath devices and preparations of
fluids to detect the presence of 0.020 or Fluids that have been scientifically bodily fluids or scientifically acceptable
more BAC (see below) with sufficient accepted as equivalent to bodily fluids substitutes for non-breath devices.
accuracy for screening purposes. These for testing purposes, such as aqueous To conform at 0.008 BAC, not more
specifications are intended primarily for alcohol test solutions on a one-to-one than one positive result. To conform at
use in the conformance testing of basis for blood or saliva. 0.032 BAC, not more than one non-
alcohol screening devices. positive result.
4. Test Methods and Requirements 4.4.2 Test 4.2. High Ambient
2. Classification Testing will be performed according Temperature
2.1 Disposable Alcohol Screening to the instructions that normally Perform trials of 40 devices at 40
Devices accompany the submitted device and degrees C, including 20 trials at 0.008
under the conditions specified in the BAC and 20 trials at 0.032 BAC. Use a
Alcohol screening devices designed
tests below. calibrating unit for this test for breath
for a single use.
2.2 Reusable Alcohol Screening 4.1 Test 1. Precision and Accuracy devices and preparations of bodily
Devices Perform 40 trials under normal fluids or scientifically acceptable
laboratory conditions including 20 trials substitutes for non-breath devices.
Alcohol screening devices designed to at 0.008 BAC and 20 trials at 0.032 BAC. To conform at 0.008 BAC, not more
be reused. Use a calibrating unit for this test for than one positive result. To conform at
3. Definitions breath devices and preparations of 0.032 BAC, not more than one non-
bodily fluids or scientifically acceptable positive result.
3.1 Alcohol
substitutes for non-breath devices. 4.5 Test 5. Vibration
The intoxicating agent in beverage Perform tests using a VNTSC
alcohol, ethyl alcohol or other low Perform 40 trials, including 20 trials
investigator. at 0.008 BAC and 20 trials at 0.032 BAC.
molecular weight alcohols including To conform at 0.008 BAC, not more
methyl or isopropyl alcohol. Use a calibrating unit for this test for
than one positive result. To conform at breath devices and preparations of
3.2 Alcohol Screening Device 0.032 BAC, not more than one non- bodily fluids or scientifically acceptable
A device that is used to detect the positive result. substitutes for non-breath devices.
presence of 0.020 or more BAC. The 4.2 Test 2. Blank Reading Mount the screening device on a
device may measure any bodily fluid for shake table and vibrate the table in
Perform 20 trials under normal
this purpose, but shall provide output in simple harmonic motion through each
laboratory conditions at 0.000 BAC. Use
BAC units. Test results must be of its three major axes, as specified
non-alcoholic human breath for breath
indicated unambiguously by numerical below. Sweep through each frequency
devices and non-alcoholic bodily fluids
read-out or by other means, such as by range in 2.5 minutes, then reverse the
or scientifically acceptable substitutes
the use of lights or by the appearance of sweep to the starting frequency in 2.5
for non-breath devices. Perform tests
a distinctive mark but not by color minutes. Disposable testers may be
using a VNTSC investigator.
change. placed in a suitable box mounted on the
To conform: No positive results. If the
3.3 Blood Alcohol Concentration device is capable of providing a reading shake table. Test after vibration.
(BAC) of greater than 0.000 BAC and less than
Grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of 0.020 BAC, not more than one such Amplitude
Frequency (inches, peak to
blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters result. (hertz) peak)
of breath in accordance with the 4.3 Test 3. Cigarette Smoke
Uniform Vehicle Code, Section 11– Interference (Only Breath and Saliva 10 to 30 .......................... 0.30
903(a)(5)1 (BrAC is often used to Test Devices) 30 to 60 .......................... 0.15
indicate that the measurement is a Perform five trials at 0.000 BAC.
breath measurement); or grams of To conform at 0.008 BAC, not more
Select an alcohol-free person who than one positive result. To conform at
alcohol per 100 milliliters of saliva. smokes cigarettes for this test. Ask the
3.4 Calibrating Unit 0.032 BAC not more than one non-
person selected to smoke approximately positive result.
A device that produces an alcohol-in- one half of a cigarette. Within one
air test sample of known concentration minute after smoking, or after a waiting Appendix A—Labeling Instructions for
and that meets the NHTSA Model period specified in the manufacturer’s Alcohol Screening Devices Intended
Specifications for Calibrating Units (72 instructions, administer the alcohol Use
FR 34742). screening device test according to the Provide the intended use including the
3.5 Bodily Fluid manufacturer’s instructions. Then ask specimen matrix (e.g. saliva, breath), the
Any bodily fluid capable of being the person to smoke another inhalation assay type (quantitative, semi-quantitative),
used to estimate alcohol concentration, and repeat the test to produce a total of the purpose of performing the assay, and the
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provided the relationship between such five trials. individual designated to perform the assay.
To conform: No positive results. E.g.: This product is intended for the
1 Available from the National Committee on (quantitative, semi-quantitative)
4.4 Temperature determination of alcohol in—define matrix
Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, 107 S. West
Street, #10, Alexandria, VA 22314. Web site Test at low and high ambient (for e.g., saliva, breath, sweat) to perform
address: http://www.ncutlo.org. temperature. screening alcohol assays.

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 240 / Friday, December 14, 2007 / Notices 71191

This product is recommended for use by Provide the description of the required Conforming Products List (CPL) are advised
individuals who have been trained in the frequency of equipment maintenance and that the revision may affect the status of the
administration of screening devices. function checks. device on the CPL. The manufacturer should
Provide the instructions for any remedial inform NHTSA of the contemplated change
Description of Testing System action to be taken when the equipment so that a judgment can be made whether or
Provide the principles of the procedure for performs outside of operating range. not re-testing the revised alcohol screening
performing the alcohol screening assay. Provide any operational precautions and device is necessary. The following lists the
E.g.: This product uses (alcohol limitations. type of information NHTSA uses in
dehydrogenase, infrared technology, etc.) to Provide instructions for the protection of determining the necessity to re-test an
perform the test. equipment and instrumentation from alcohol screening device, and is provided as
fluctuations or interruptions in electrical guidance to manufacturers:
Chemical Reaction Sequence current that could adversely affect test results • Manufacturer and Model Name.
Describe the chemical reaction sequence, if and reports, if applicable. • Nature and reason for change.
applicable. • Scope of change (e.g., Will existing
Reagents: List the concentration, strength, Quality Control (QC)
devices be retrofitted? Will the change apply
and composition of the reactive ingredients. Disposable Tests to some users but not others?)
List the non-reactive ingredients. • Will the change affect performance of the
If applicable, the function and stability of
Reagent Preparation and Storage the test can be determined by the device with regards to the Model
examination of the procedural ‘‘built in’’ Specifications? (Precision and accuracy,
Provide instructions for preparing the blank reading, temperature operations, or
reagents, if applicable. controls contained in the product. If these
controls are not working, the test is invalid vibrations.)
Provide instructions for storing the • How will the change(s) be documented
and must be repeated.
reagents, if applicable. for the benefit of the user? (e.g., Will the
Provide any signs of deterioration of the Disposable/Instrumented Devices change(s) be documented in service bulletins
reagents, if applicable. If external quality control materials are and/or service manuals? If not, why not?)
Provide the reagents’ shelf life and opened used, provide number, type, matrix and If necessary for clarity, drawings of the
expiration dating, if applicable. concentration of the QC materials. listed and changed device may also be
E.g.: Unopened tests are stable until the Provide directions for performing quality helpful in the NHTSA’s deliberations.
date printed on the product container when control procedures. If, upon review of information provided by
stored at 22–28° C. Opened test must be used Provide an adequate description of the a manufacturer, it is determined that re-
at once. remedial action to be taken when the QC testing is not warranted, a statement to that
Provide a caution not to use the reagents results fail to meet the criteria for effect will be included in the next scheduled
beyond the expiration dating. acceptability. CPL update.
Precautions Provide directions for interpretation of the Additionally, NHTSA reserves the right to
results of quality control samples. re-test any device on the open market to
1. List any reagents that may be hazardous
such as caustic compounds, sodium azide or Results determine continued compliance and
other hazardous reagents and instructions for performance in accordance with these Model
Describe how the user obtains the test Specifications. Devices found not to comply
disposal, if applicable. results, from an instrument read-out,
2. Provide warning to user to treat all with or perform in accordance with the
printout, etc.
samples as potentially infective. Include Model Specifications are subject to the
Describe the results in terms of blood
instructions for handling and disposal of the investigation provisions stated above in
alcohol concentration.
sample. Section II, Procedures.
Describe what concentration indicates a
positive result and what concentration (Authority: 23 U.S.C. 403; 49 CFR 1.50; 49
Specimen Collection CFR Part 501).
indicates a negative result.
Provide instructions for collecting and Issued on: December 14, 2007.
handling the sample. Limitations
Marilena Amoni,
Provide criteria for specimen rejection, if List the substances or factors that may
applicable. Associate Administrator for the Office of
interfere with the test and cause false results
including technical or procedural errors. Research and Program Development.
Calibration
[FR Doc. E7–24282 Filed 12–13–07; 8:45 am]
Disposable tests are pre-calibrated. No Dynamic Range
BILLING CODE 4910–59–P
additional calibration is required. Provide the operating range of the product.
Reusable (Instrumented) tests require
calibration. Precision and Accuracy
Provide information regarding how Only devices that meet the precision and DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
calibrations are to be conducted, if accuracy of these Model Specifications will
applicable, including the number and be included on NHTSA’s Conforming Surface Transportation Board
concentration of calibrators, and the Products List for alcohol screening devices. [STB Docket No. AB–33 (Sub–No. 246X)]
frequency of calibration.
Specificity
Provide instructions for calibration and Union Pacific Railroad Company—
recalibration. List the substances that have been
evaluated with your product that do or do
Abandonment Exemption—in Walker
Provide the criteria for acceptability of County, TX
calibration. not interfere at the concentration indicated.

Test Procedure (Disposable) References Union Pacific Railroad Company (UP)


Provide pertinent bibliography. has filed a notice of exemption under 49
Provide adequate step-by-step instructions CFR Part 1152 Subpart F—Exempt
for performing the test and determining the Technical Assistance
results.
Abandonments to abandon a 1.67-mile
List an 800 number the user may contact line of railroad known as the Huntsville
Test Procedure (Re-Usable/Instrumented) for further information or technical Industrial Lead, extending from
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Provide adequate step-by-step instruction assistance. milepost 5.0 to milepost 6.67 near
for performing the test. Appendix B—Guidelines for Re-testing Huntsville, in Walker County, TX.1 The
Provide the installation procedures and, if
of Modified Screening Devices
applicable, any special requirements. 1 By pleading filed December 3, 2007, UP
Provide the space and ventilation Manufacturers contemplating revisions to corrected the line description to read milepost 5.0
requirements. an alcohol screening device listed on the Continued

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