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RTIP

Foundation Design Philosophy

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

SUMMARY OF DOCUMENT REVISIONS


Rev.
No.

Date
Revised

Section
Revised

21 May 08

All

11 Jun 08

4 Nov 08

9.1

28 Oct 09

General

2.1
3.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.4

22 Feb 11

Issued for Client Review


Issued for Design

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3

Revision Description

General

Added design requirements for footings, mats and piling.


Issued for FEED and EPC Contractors
Ref. RFV NO. A554-PRG-216
Clarified purpose of the document
Provided reference to the Company Geotechnical Reports
Required EPC to utilize Preferred Approved Vendor List (PAVL)
Provided reference to the documents covering Topographic Survey
and Geotechnical Investigation Reports
Clarified that Ground water level is at or near Mean Sea Level
Described the soil layers based on the final Geotechnical
Investigation Report
Added vibro-floatation method for Soil Improvement
Clarified that Site shall be raised by Company and needed ground
improvement by EPC. Also EPC to utilize Company approved
Vendor for any additional geotechnical investigations
Clarified allowable soil bearing pressure values to be used in the
design
Clarified that no piling under foundation is anticipated, and specified
the expected bottom of footing below existing grade
Clarified factors governing the foundation thickness
Required expansion joint around perimeter of reciprocating or
rotating Equipment to isolate it form the paving slab
Specified that allowable soil bearing pressure is dependent on the
location of foundation and the size and depth of footing.
Issued per RFV No. A554-RFV-PRG-835
Issued for FEED and EPC use
Revised entire Document

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section

Topic

1.0

PURPOSE ............................................................................................................. 4

1.1

Companys Geotechnical Investigations. ......................................................... 4

1.2

Contractor Geotechnical Investigation. ............................................................ 4

1.3

References ........................................................................................................... 4

2.0

THE SITE .............................................................................................................. 6

2.1

Present Site Conditions ...................................................................................... 7

3.0

PRELIMINARY SOILS INVESTIGATION ............................................................. 7

4.0

SOIL IMPROVEMENT (IF REQUIRED)................................................................ 7

5.0

GROUND WATER ................................................................................................ 8

6.0

SITE IMPROVEMENT........................................................................................... 8

7.0

ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING............................................................................. 8

8.0

FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT.............................................................................. 9

9.0

FOUNDATION TYPES.......................................................................................... 9

9.1

Spread Footings, Mats and Piling...................................................................... 9

9.2

Tankage Foundations ....................................................................................... 10

9.3

Special Foundations ......................................................................................... 10

9.4

Thickened Paving .............................................................................................. 10

10.0

OTHER REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 10

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

Foundation Design Philosophy

1.0

PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to provide a basic understanding of the soil conditions
of the Jubail Main Site and based on that, define the type of foundations that are
expected.

1.1

Companys Geotechnical Investigations.


This philosophy is based on the findings and recommendations of the Geotechnical
Report for Main Site at Jubail A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-REP-101 including the Soil
Report for the Port Facilities A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-REP-111. These Soil Reports are
issued for information only to the Contractors.

1.2

Contractor Geotechnical Investigation.


The Contractors are responsible to perform independent detailed geotechnical
investigations at their respective Units and establish the design parameters for
foundation design and construction. The geotechnical investigation shall take into
account any special equipment requirement such as for compressors, other vibrating
equipment, tanks, etc. The Contractors shall be responsible for the findings and
recommendations of the independent geotechnical investigation. The Contractors shall
utilize the Approved Vendor List (AVL) for selecting the Soil Consultant.
The Company shall not be held responsible for impact on cost and/or schedule based on
any changes in sub-soil conditions revealed by Contractors detailed geotechnical
investigation compared with the Companys geotechnical investigation.

1.3

References
The following standards and specifications are referenced in this philosophy. They are
available in the Program Technical Library.
RT2S-3001-01

Concrete Specifications

A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-REP-101

Geotechnical Investigation Report Jubail Main


Site

A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-REP-111

Geotechnical Investigation Report Port Facilities


(Not Available Yet)

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-500

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-501

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 1

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-502

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 2

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-503

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 3

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-504

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 4

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-505

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 5

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-506

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 6

A554-F-001-CV-DWG-K30-101

Finished Road & Grade Elevations - Layout

A554-F-001-CV-DWG-K30-102

Finished Road & Grade Elevations Typical


Sections

A554-F-001-CV-DWG-K30-001

Paving & Underground Services Standard Details Roads

A554-K-PRG-CV-DWG-SIT-112

Location of Boreholes - Jubail Main Site

A554-K-PRG-CV-DWG-SIT-113

Location of Boreholes Port Facilities

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

2.0

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

THE SITE

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

2.1

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

Present Site Conditions


The stratigraphy observed across the study area indicated in general a loose surficial
layer of wind blown dune sands, underlain by a medium dense sand layer of varying
thickness which is further underlain by dense becoming very dense sand up to the
maximum drilled depth of 50 meters. Local layers of hard fine grained soils were
encountered generally below 12m below ground level in a few boreholes. Weak
calcarenite rock was encountered in a limited number of boreholes (BH # 11, 32, 34 &
67).
Based on the standard penetration test (SPT- N) results, the compactness of granular
soils in general varied from medium dense to very dense in majority of the Site. But,
loose surface soils also existed in considerable portion of the Site. Fine-grained soils
were encountered at deeper depths in few boreholes. However, the consistency of these
soils was observed to be hard.

3.0

PRELIMINARY SOILS INVESTIGATION


It has been observed that the sub-soils in general comprise a medium dense layer of
coarse grained soil of varying thickness underlain by dense to very dense layer of
coarse grained soil. The boreholes have revealed that the medium dense layer extends
from the ground level to depths varying form 1.5m to 12 meters below ground level.
Although the thickness of the medium dense layer is randomly distributed across the
Site, some generalization of the soil conditions has been made to approximately
categorize the Site into four different soil types as follows:
Category: : TYPE-I
Category: : TYPEII
Category : TYPEIII
Category : TYPEIV (A & B)

: Medium dense sand form ground level to about 3.0


meters underlain by very dense sand layer.
: Medium dense sand form ground level to about 6.0
meters underlain by very dense sand layer.
: Medium dense sand form ground level to about 9.0
meters underlain by very dense sand layer.
Medium dense sand form ground level to about 12.0
meters underlain by very dense sand layer.

The lists of boreholes that fall under each category are shown in the soil report. For a
more detailed description see the applicable geotechnical report.
4.0

SOIL IMPROVEMENT (IF REQUIRED)


If loose sub-soil is found at some borehole locations, the loose soil can be densified
using ground improvement techniques such as stone columns, vibro-floatation and/or
dynamic compaction. At locations where the granular soil has less than 15 % silt and no
clay, vibroflotation technique could be used for ground improvement provided the soil is
not carbonate rich. The technique selected for ground improvement in a given portion of
the Site would depend on the sub-soil composition and the cost and time required for the
improvement.

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

5.0

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

GROUND WATER
The existing ground surface elevation varied between 11.73 m and 21.44 m (Royal
Commission Datum). The ground water table existed within the depths of 2.2m to
12.55m below existing ground levels across the Site at the time of geotechnical
investigation. The ground water elevations were in the range of 7.88 to 13.77 m (Royal
Commission Datum). The ground water table shall be verified with respect of the
elevations of the Site Development finished grade levels. Foundations shall consider
buoyancy conditions depending on the final finish grade elevation vs. ground water level.

6.0

SITE IMPROVEMENT
The entire Site will be grubbed and cleaned by the Company and the Site will be
excavated or filled and compacted to the finished grade elevations as per the following
drawings nos.:
A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-501

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 1

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-502

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 2

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-503

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 3

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-504

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 4

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-505

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 5

A554-F-712-CV-DWG-K10-506

Site Preparation, Roads & Infrastructure Sheet 6

The anticipated Site grading/improvement by the Company will be as follows:

7.0

Clear the Site of existing above grade and below grade obstructions.
Raise or lower the Site grade to final grade elevations by making necessary fill or
cut as per the above referenced drawings.

ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING


It is a general practice to compact the soil at the foundation level before construction of
foundations. Some improvement in the allowable bearing pressures is to be expected
due to this. It is expected that foundations for structures and Equipment across the Site
can be designed for a net allowable soil bearing pressure as recommended in the
Geotechnical Investigation Soil Report. The allowable net soil bearing pressure will
depend on the following main factors:

Location of foundations in the Plot Plan


Depth of foundation below finished grade level
Position of Ground Water Table (GWT)
Width of footing or mat
Settlement requirements
Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco
Page 8 of 10

RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

Equipment Manufacturers foundation requirements, including settlement


requirement

For foundation depths in between the depths given in the soil report, the allowable
pressures may be obtained by interpolating between the given depths.
For lightly loaded/ minor Equipment supported by pad foundations of less than 1 m width
and placed near the grade, it is recommend that net allowable bearing capacities of
about 40 to 70 percent of those recommended for 1m footing depths be used.
An increase in allowable bearing capacities by 20 percent may be considered under
short term loading conditions like wind, earthquake and hydrostatic loads.
8.0

FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT
It is expected that settlement of shallow foundations supported on granular sub-soil to be
completed with in a few days to a few weeks after the application of load. Spread
footing foundation settlements are limited to a total of 25 mm (one inch) and for mat
foundations, a settlement value is limited to 50 mm (about 2 inches). However, for
storage tanks, settlement and differential settlement needs to be carefully checked
against the tanks manufacturer requirements.

9.0

FOUNDATION TYPES
Based on the review of Jubail Main Site and Geotechnical Reports, the use of piling
under foundations is not anticipated at this Site.
Foundations should be founded on either undisturbed soil or compacted fill.

9.1

Spread Footings, Mats and Piling


For the unpaved areas all structures and Equipment can be safely supported on shallow
foundations (independent spread footings and mats) supported on in-situ soil/compacted
structural fill, with the bottom of footing/mat at a depth of 0.75 m to 1.5 m from final
finished ground elevation. This includes pipe rack, large structures and Equipment
foundations.
Spread Footings Footing size shall be optimized such that the maximum bearing
pressure is generally greater than 95% of the allowable bearing pressure as determined
by the Geotechnical Report. Where the thickness of footings required is more than
300mm, the designed thickness shall be determined such that the calculated factored
shear or flexural design load is generally greater than 90% of the nominal capacity.
Foundation thickness will also be impacted by the anchor bolts embedment requirement
and the pedestal vertical bars minimum embedment length required satisfying ACI code
development length requirements. The foundation size needs to also satisfy the stability
(overturning) and sliding safety factors.

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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RTIP
Foundation Design Philosophy

Document No.:A554-K-PRG-CV-GEN-PHL-001
Revision: 4
Issue Purpose: IFD

Mat Foundations Reasonable effort shall be taken to minimize mat thickness without
compromising design integrity. Contractor shall demonstrate that calculated factored
shear (beam shear & punching shear) or flexural design load values shall be within the
allowable ACI Code limit.
Piling (if required) The type, arrangement, sizes, length, and number of piles shall be
selected such that the governing design load (compression, tension or lateral) is greater
than 95% of the pile or pile group capacity as determined by the Geotechnical Report.
9.2

Tankage Foundations
Foundations for storage tanks (storing liquids that are not cryogenic or very hot) shall be
designed to a net allowable soil bearing pressure as specified in the Soil Report.
Generally steel storage tanks can accommodate substantial total and differential
foundation settlements.

9.3

Special Foundations
Dynamically loaded foundations supporting reciprocating or rotating Equipment shall be
designed to ensure that the induced vibrations meet Equipment manufacturers
requirements and the requirements of the applicable codes and specifications. These
type of foundations shall be isolated from the paving slab by providing expansion joints
around the perimeter of the foundation.

9.4

Thickened Paving
For the ISBL paved areas, the preferred method is to use thickened paving or mats at
grade to support the Equipment such as pumps, horizontal and vertical vessels, large
Equipment, process structures and pipe racks. The allowable soil bearing capacity will
vary depending on the location, depth of the bottom of the thickened slab or mat, and the
size of the footing. For FEED purposes, the allowable net bearing pressure shall be
interpreted from the values shown in the soil report. For EPC detail design, the net
allowable soil bearing pressure shall be based on Unit specific soil investigation reports.

10.0

OTHER REQUIREMENTS
The design and construction of all concrete foundations shall comply with the
requirements of RT2S-3001-01 Concrete Specification

Contains Confidential Information of Both Dow and Saudi Aramco


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