Review book 4: Present Perfect

Teacher Raquel Pinheiro

Present Perfect (since/for)

We use Present Perfect tense to talk about an action,

which started in the past and continues up to the present.
The structure of Present perfect
subject + verb to have + verb (past participle)
Examples
I have had this computer for about a year.
(affirmative)
How long have you been at this school?
(interrogative)
I haven't seen Julia since September.(negative)

Example: to leave (irregular verb), present perfect form

Affirmative
I have left
You have left
He, she, it has left
We have left
You have left
They have left

Negative
Interrogative
I haven't left
Have I left?
You haven't left
Have you left?
He, she, it hasn't left Has he,she,it left?
We haven't left
Have we left?
You haven't left
Have you left?
They haven't left
Have they left?

Use:
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when describing:
EXAMPLES:

1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)

2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.

She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn't over yet)

3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.

We have visited London several times.

4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by 'just')
I have just finished my work.
5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not.

He has seen Harry Potter.

Present Perfect X Simple Past

Past

The past event is a distant memory in the speaker's mind

Present Perfect

The past event is connected to the present in the speaker's mind.

The context determines which tense the speaker uses. Adverbs act
as 'cues'.

Simple Past Tense Adverbs (Time Words)

"this ____"

this morning
(the hours that have passed)
this week
(the days that have passed)
this year
(the days that have passed)
this decade.
(the days that have passed)

"last ____"
last night
yesterday
last week

last year

a date in the past

'X' years ago
January 10, 1999
August 1960
1992
May 5th at 5:00. (past)

Twenty years ago

Present Perfect Adverbs (Time Words)

up to now
so far
until now
to date

for ten years

over the past ten years

since 1990
ever since 1990

ever
never

yet
already

just
recently
lately

I spilled my drink on the carpet. I cleaned it up afterwards. (Done. Finished. I'm not
thinking about it anymore.)
You have spilled your drink on the carpet so clean it up! (Because the spill remains, it is
on my mind.)
He spent all his money. Too bad. (Done. Finished. I'm not thinking about it anymore.)
He has spent all his money at Las Vegas so don't give him anymore!
(Because he is broke, I know he'll be asking for money. His situation is on my mind.)
1- Look for the verbs in the past participle

F
T
S
D
W
B
B
S
I

O
A
U
R
O
S
E
E
N

R
U
N
U
N
F
E
L
T

G
G
G
N
T
A
N
L
R

O
H
O
K
H
L
D
S
O

T
T
B
T
O
L
R
P
D

T
O
L
E
U
E
I
O
U

E
L
E
S
G
N
V
K
C

N
D
D
A
H
U
E
E
E

W
R
I
T
T
E
N
N
D

Irregular Verbs
Past
N

Infinitive

Past Tense

Participle

Portuguese

1 To
2 To
3 To
4 To
5 To
6 To
7 To
8 To
9 To
10 To
11 To
12 To
13 To
14 To
15 To
16 To
17 To
18 To

begin
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cut
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
fell
fight
find

began
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cut
did
drew
dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
fought
found

begun
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
cut
done
drawn
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
fought
found

19 To
20 To
21 To
22 To
23 To
24 To
25 To
26 To
27 To
28 To
29 To
30 To
31 To
32 To
33 To
34 To
35 To
36 To
37 To
38 To
39 To
40 To
41 To
42 To
43 To
44 To
45 To
46 To

fly
forget
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
hide
hold
know
lay
learn
leave
let
lie
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ring
run
say
see
sell

flew
forgot
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
hid
held
knew
laid
learnt
left
let
lay
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rang
ran
said
saw
sold

flown
forgotten
got, gotten
given
gone
grown
had
heard
hidden
held
known
laid
learnt
left
let
lain
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rung
run
said
seen
sold

comear
trazer
construir
comprar
pegar
escolher
vir
cortar
fazer
desenhar
sonhar
beber
dirigir
comer
cair
sentir
lutar
encontrar, achar
Voar
esquecer
obter, tornar-se
dar
ir
crescer, cultivar
ter
ouvir
esconder
segurar, pegar
saber, conhecer
pr, colocar
aprender
sair, deixar
deixar, permitir
deitar, repousar
perder
fazer, fabricar
significar
encontrar
pagar
pr
ler
tocar (campainha, tel.)
correr
dizer
ver
vender

47 To
48 To
49 To
50 To

send
shine
shoot
show

sent
shone
shot
showed

sent
shone
shot
shown

51 To
52 To
53 To
54 To
55 To

shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak

shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke

shut
sung
sat
slept
spoken

56 To
57 To
58 To
59 To
60 To
61 To
62 To
63 To
64 To
To

spend
spoil
stand
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw

spent
spoilt
stood
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understoo

spent
spoilt
stood
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown

r
estragar
ficar de p
nadar
tomar, levar
ensinar
dizer, contar
pensar
arremessar

65 understand
66 To wear
67 To write
68 To bear
69 To bear
70 To beat
71 To bite
72 To blow
73 To break
74 To burn
75 To cost
76 To feed
77 To freeze
78 To hit
79 To hurt
80 To keep
83 To lend
81 To ride

d
wore
wrote
bore
bore
beat
bit
blew
broke
burnt
cost
fed
froze
hit
hurt
kept
lent
rode

understood
worn
written
borne
born
beaten
bitten
blown
broken
burnt
cost
fed
frozen
hit
hurt
kept
lent
ridden

entender
usar
escrever
levar, suportar
gerar, produzir
bater
morder
soprar
quebrar
queimar
custar
alimentar
gelar
bater, acertar
ferir
guardar, conservar
emprestar
andar (a cavalo)
pr, colocar

82 To
86 To
83 To
84 To
85 To
86 To
87 To

set
shook
sank
smelt
spread
stole
swore

set
shaken
sunk
smelt
spread
stolen
sworn

set
shake
sink
smell
spread
steal
swear

enviar, mandar
brilhar
atirar (em)
mostrar
fechar, tapar
cantar
sentar
dormir
falar
gastar,pagar,consumir,esgota

abalar, sacudir
afundar-se
cheirar
espalhar
roubar
xingar, jurar

88 To
89 To
90 To
91 To

sweep
swing
tear
win

swept
swung
tore
won

swept
swung
torn
won

varrer
balanar-se
rasgar
ganhar