Conclusion

Roadways are built to ease the flow of transportation so human can travel from
one distance to another distance easily. There are many type of transportation
nowadays such as cars, motorcycles, lorries and so on. Road has played an
important role in the trade and transportation system throughout the world, and
it become rapid increase in the pavement infrastructure development in
Malaysia. The roads are designed to ensure the convenience of consumers and
the public. Unfortunately, the road might be damage because of the constant
use by heavy traffic destroys asphalt roads and unsuitable weathering. Damaged
roads need to repair immediately as they can cause accidents and traffic
congestion. There are many types of road damages that we have learnt during
our class.
Type of road damages :

Alligator Cracking
Bleeding
Block Cracking
Bumps and Sags
Corrugation
Depression
Edge Cracking
Longitudinal Transverse Cracking
Patcching & Utility Cut Patching
Potholes
Rutting
Shoving
Ravelling

We have asked to do some survey the severity of the road damages on roadways
in UTHM. Before we start the survey, we decided to identify the type of road
damagest by referring the notes and other resources so that the survey can be
done easily.

Identifying the road damages by referring notes

After that, we start our survey on 100m long road. The roads are measured on
their length and width.

Measuring the width of road

We identify the road damages on the 100m sampel length of road and record it
in distress survey column. The road damages can be classified on low damage,
medium and high damage. During the survey, we have identified many type of
road damages such as Alligator Cracking, Block Cracking, Depression, Patching,
Potholes, Edge Cracking, and Ravelling. Figure belows shows some of the road
damages that have been surveyed.

Low Edge Cracking

Medium Patching

Low Pothole

Block Cracking

Medium Alligator Cracking

Medium Depression

Each of the data are calculated to get the density. The calculation of density is
help to determine the deduct value that can obtained from deduct value againt
density graph. Lastly, the cumulative deduct value is determined by total
cumulative deduct value against total deduct values graph. Lastly, the Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) is calculated and the degree of damages will be known. The
PCI measures the pavements structural integrity and surface operational
condition.

Therefore, for 1 km sampel, we have identifiy the pavement conditions. The data
can be concluded as follow :
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Condition
Poor Condition
Good Conditon
Fair Condition
Good Condition
Good Conditon
Serious Condition
Fair Condition
Sastifactory Condition
Sastifactory Conditon
Sastifactory Condition

Action
Major Rehabilitation
Routine Maintanance
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Preventive Maintanance
Preventive Maintanance
Preventive Maintanance