Experiment 10

Title: Enthalpy Change of Reaction

Introduction:
Thermochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the energy and heat
associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. Enthalpy change
is a measure of the total energy absorbed or released in a reaction. If the energy is
required, DH is positive, and if energy is released, the DH, is negative. There are two
types of enthalpy change which is bond energies and standard enthalpies of
formation.
Enthalpy change of reaction has a connection with Hess Law which states
that the total enthalpy change during the complete course of a reaction is same
whether the reaction is made in one step or in several steps. This means, if a
chemical change takes place by several different routes, the overall enthalpy change
is the same, regardless of the route by which the chemical change occurs provided
the initial and final condition are the same. Due to the definitions of various types of
energy related terms, formulas for evaluating enthalpies can be quite confusing. For
example, the formulas to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction depends on whether
bond energies or enthalpies of formation are available. (Chung Chieh, 2013)
Enthalpy change is the name given to the amount of heat in a certain reaction
that was formed or absorbed out at a constant pressure. It is also given that the
symbol is

which is also read as delta H. In this experiment we were able to

compare the amount of heat change involved in three separate but related reactions.

Objectives:
1. To measure and compare the amount of heat change involved in three
separate but related reactions, which are:
Reaction 1: NaOH(s) + water Na(aq) + OH(aq)
Reaction 2: NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Reaction 3: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Materials:
Methods:
Part A: Dissolving 1g of sodium hydroxide solid in water
1. 100mL of distilled water was added into a nested Styrofoam cup.
2. Distilled water was stirred carefully with a thermometer until a constant
temperature is reached. This temperature was recorded.
3. The bottle containing sodium hydroxide solids was weighed and recorded.
4. All the sodium hydroxide solids were poured into the cup of water.
5. The solution was stirred gently with a thermometer until the sodium hydroxide
solid has completely dissolved. The highest temperature reached was
recorded.
6. The empty bottle was weighed to calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide
solids is completely dissolved. Mass was recorded.
Part B: The reaction of 1g sodium hydroxide solid with hydrochloric acid
1. Steps 1-6 was repeated but the 100mL of water was replaced with 100mL of
0.25M hydrochloric acid
Part C: The reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid
1. 100mL of 0.5M hydrochloric acid was added into a nested Styrofoam cup and
100mL of 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution was added in a measuring cylinder.
2. These solutions were stirred carefully and separately with a thermometer until
a constant temperature is reached. These temperatures were recorded.
3. 100mL of 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution was poured into the Styrofoam cup
containing the 100mL of 0.5 hydrochloric acid.
4. The solution was stirred gently with a thermometer. The highest temperature
reached was recorded.
Results:
(Part A)
Initial temperature= 22.5
Final temperature= 25.0
Temperature change= 2.5
Mass of bottle containing NaOH solids= 14.04g
Mass of empty bottle= 12.98g
Mass of NaOH solids added into the water= 1.06g

Number of moles of NaOH solids added into the water= 1.06/ 41=
Heat of reaction =
100 4.184 2.5
1000
1.046 kJ
Number of mole of NaOH =
mass
molar mass

1.06
( 23+16 +1 )

0.0265 mol

Enthalpy change of the reaction,

H=

1.046
0.0265
39.47 kJ /mol
No, this could not be called as standard enthalpy of neutralization as it does not
involve the reaction of an acid and a base. Hence, no hydrogen ion is present in this
reaction to react with hydroxide ion to form water molecules.

(Part B)
Initial temperature= 23.0
Final temperature= 38.0
Temperature change= 15.0
Mass of bottle containing NaOH solids= 12.10g

Mass of empty bottle= 11.10g

Mass of NaOH solids added into the water= 1.0g
Number of moles of NaOH solids added into the water= 1.0/ 41=
Heat of reaction =
100 4.184 15
1000
6.276 kJ
Number of mole of NaOH =
mass
molar mass

1.0
( 23+16 +1 )

0.025 mol

Enthalpy change of the reaction,

H=

6.276
0.025
251kJ /mol
This part of the experiment could be called as enthalpy of neutralization.

(Part C)
Initial temperature of 0.5M NaOH= 23.0
Initial temperature of 5.0M HCl= 23.0
Average temperature= 23.0
Final temperature= 26.0
Temperature change= 3.0
Heat of reaction =
200 4.184 3.0
1000
2.5104 kJ

Number of mole of NaOH =

concentration volume
1000

0.5 100
1000

0.05 mol

Enthalpy change of the reaction,

2.5104
0.05
50.21 kJ /mol

H=

Yes, this part of the experiment can be called as standard enthalpy of neutralization
+

as it releases heat when 1 mol of H ions react with 1 mol of

1 mol of

OH

ions to produce

H2O

Questions:
Conclusion:
Reference:
Internet document
1. Jim Clark. SIMPLE MEASUREMENTS OF ENTHALPY CHANGES. Jim
Clark 2010. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/energetics/practical.html
2. Chung Chieh, Enthalpies of reactions, Chung Chieh,
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/heatreac.html