BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

CHAPTER 17

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT

DEFINITIONS

1)

It comprised of two or more facilities, interconnected

in tandem, to provide a transmission path between a
source and a destination.

2)

The information transferred in a telephone circuit

3)

The circuit used in transferring information in a

telephone circuit.

4)

The network bandwidth for a standard voice-band

message channel.

5)

Unused
frequency
information signals.

6)

Effective channel bandwidth for a voice-band

message signal.

7)

The only facility required by all voice-band circuits, as

it is the means by which subscriber locations are
connected to the local telephone company

8)

bands

TERMS

located

between

The primary caused of attenuation and phase

distortion on a telephone circuit.

Telephone Circuit

Message

Message Circuit

4 kHz

Guard Bands

300 Hz to 3000 Hz

Local Subscriber
Loop

Two components
found on local loops:
Loading Coils
Bridge Taps

9)

The largest cable used in a local loop,

usually 3600 pair of copper wire placed underground
or in conduit.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

Feeder Cable (F1)

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

10)

A cross-connect point used to distribute the larger

feeder cable into smaller distribution cables.

Serving Area Interface

11)

A smaller version of a feeder cable containing less

wire pairs.

Distribution Cable

12)

A device that serves as the demarcation point

between local telephone company responsibility and
subscriber responsibility for telephone service.

13)

The final length of cable pair that terminates at the

SNI.

14)

That portion of the local loop that is strung between

poles.

15)

The location where individual cable pairs within a

distribution cable are separated and extended to
the subscriber's location on a drop wire.

16)

Adding inductors periodically in series with the wire.

17)

The inductor in loading technique.

18)

An irregularity frequently found in cables serving

subscriber location.

19)

A loss that allows signals to split and propagation

down more than one wire introduced by bridge taps.

20)

Weighting network introduced by AT &

accomplish equal magnitude of noise signals.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

Subscriber or Standard
Network Interface (SNI)

Drop Wire

Aerial

Distribution Cable
and Drop
Wire Cross Connect
Point

Loading

Loading Coil

Bridge Tap

to

Bridging Loss

C-Message Weighting

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

21)

The most annoying frequency to human (i.e. the best

frequency response).

22)

The basic yardstick

measurements
in communications.

23)

The optimum level of a test tone on a channel at som

point in a communications system. It is used
for
voice circuits.

24)

The ratio in dB of the power of a signal at that point

to the power the same signal would be at 0 dBm
transmission level point.

25)

The reference for TLP.

26)

A parameter equivalent to TLP except it is used as a

reference for data transmission.

27)

dBm reference to a zero transmission level point.

28)

dB reference value for noise reading.

29)

dB level of noise with respect to reference noise

(- 90 dBm).

30)

31)

used

for

making

power

Similar to dBrn except it is the dB value of noise with

respect to reference noise using C-message
weighting

Noise readings taken with a filter that has a flat

frequency response from 30 Hz to 3 kHz

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

1000 Hz

Decibel (dB)

Transmission
Level Point
(TLP)

Transmission Level
(TL)

0 dBm
Data Level Pint
(DLP)
dBmO

reference noise (rn)

dBrn

dBrnc

dBrn 3 kHz Flat

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

32)

The amount of noise in dBrnc corrected to a 0 TLP

34)

Transmission parameters which include terminal

impedance, in band and out of band signal power,
test signal power and ground isolation.

35)

Transmission parameters which includes noise

measurements, frequency distortion, phase distortion,
amplitude distortion and non linear distortion.

The difference in circuit gain experienced at a

particular frequency with respect to the circuit gain
of a reference frequency.
36)

37)

38)

39)

40)

Another names attenuation distortion:

Frequency Response,
Differential Gain
1004-Hz Deviation

An indirect method of evaluating the phase delay

characteristics of a circuit.

It satisfies the minimum line conditioning

requirements

Another name for basic voice-band.

Specifies the maximum limits for attenuation distortion

and envelope delay distortion.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

dBrncO

Interface
Parameters

Facility Parameters

Attenuation
Distortion

Envelope Delay Distortion

Basic Voice-Band
Channel

Basic 3002 Channel

C-type Conditioning

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

Classifications of C-type:
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5

41)

Classification of C-type conditioning pertains to two

point and multi point circuits.

C1 and C2

42)

C-type conditioning used for access lines and trunk

circuits associated with private switched networks.

43)

C-type conditioning pertains to two point and multi

point circuits with a maximum of four stations

44)

C-type conditioning pertains to two point circuits only

45)

A relatively low-capacity switching machine where

the subscribers are generally limited to stations within
the same building or building complex.

46)

The frequency response of a transmission medium

referenced to 1004 Hz test tone.

47)

A requirement for error free data transmission.

Linear Phase vs.

Frequency

48)

The difference in phase shifts with respect to

frequency that signals experience as they propagate
through a transmission medium.

Delay Distortion

49)

The time delay encountered by a signal as it

propagates
from source to a destination.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

C3

C4

C5

Private Branch Exchange

(PBX)

Attenuation Distortion

Propagation Time

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

50)

The delay measured in angular units.

51)

The actual time required for a particular frequency

to propagate from a source to a destination through
a communications channel.

52)

The time required to propagate a change in an

AM envelope through a transmission medium.

53)

The phase difference at the different carrier

frequencies.

55)

It sets the minimum requirements for signal to noise

ratio and nonlinear distortion.

56)

The data transmission rate when D type conditioning

is mandatory.

57)

Telephone industry standard test tone frequency

58)

Measurement that determine the average weighted

rms noise power.

59)

60)

61)

62)

Phase Delay

Absolute Phase Delay

Envelope Delay

Envelope Delay Distortion

D-Type Line Conditioning

A communications term that indicates the presence

of a signal power comparable to the power of an actual
message transmission.

Characterized by high amplitude peaks of short

duration having an approximate flat frequency
spectrum

A sudden, random change in the gain of a circuit

resulting in a
temporary change in the signal level.
A decrease in circuit gain of more than 12 dB lasting
longer than 4 ms.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

9600 bps

1004 Hz
C-message Noise
Measurement

Loaded

Impulse Noise

Gain Hit

Dropout

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

63)

64)

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

A sudden, random changes in the phase of a signal.

A form of incidental phase modulation - a

continuous,
uncontrolled variation in the zero crossings of a signal.

65)

The presence of one or more continuous, unwanted

tones within a message channel.

66)

Unwanted tones within a message channel.

67)

The frequency of the signal changes during

transmission.

Phase Hits (Slips)

Phase Jitter

Single Frequency
Interference

Spurious Tones

Frequency Shift

It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the

received carrier is not reinserted with the exact
phase relationship to the received signal as the
transmit carrier possessed.

Phase Intercept Distortion

69)

It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the

received carrier is not reinserted with the exact
phase relationship to the received signal as the
transmit carrier possessed.

Phase Intercept Distortion

70)

A four wire circuit an interface.

68)

71)

72)

Another name for hybrid set.

Any disturbance created in a communications

channel by signals in other communications
channels.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

Hybrid Set

Terminating Set

Crosstalk

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BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS

Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

73)

Annoying and objectionable because the listener

senses a real or fancied loss of privacy

74)

It does not violate privacy, although it can still

be annoying.

75)

A direct result of nonlinear amplification in analog

communications system.

Nonlinear Crosstalk

76)

Electromagnetic coupling between two or more

physically isolated transmission media.

Coupling Crosstalk

77)

Interference caused by inadequate control of the

transfer characteristics or transmittance of networks.

Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT

Intelligible crosstalk

Unintelligible crosstalk

Transmittance
Crosstalk

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