18: History of Child Development

EYA and rights

Factors
CDC TOUR
24TH of August: Guidelines on CDC and
observation; Guidelines for Observation of
the UPD CDC; Bring syllabus and ntbk.
Observation days: Tuesdays and Thursdays;
Mondays; October 5 and 12;
Principles of Growth and Development
(Hulrock,1980 and Bee, 2004)
Growth: Refers to quantitative changes in
size or structure
Ex: change in height, head circumference,
proportions of the body
Development: qualitative and progressive
series of orderly and coherent changes
: integrates many domains
Ex: learning to walk, more control of finger
muscles
Types of Change
: Change in size
: Proportions
: Disappearance of old features
: Acquisitions of new features
:
Principles of Growth and Development
Development is cephalocaudal. It proceeds
from head downward
is proximo-distal. It proceeds from center
outward
: depends on maturation and learning
: proceeds from simple to complex
: Growth and development is a continuous
process
: Growth and development proceed from
general to specific/complex tasks
: Individual rates of growth and
development vary.
Factors affecting Growth and Development

: maturation
; Timing of experiences
: Behavior Genetics
: Gene-environement interaction
Berk 2013 (nature vs nurture)
Gordon beyond
Berk-infants toddlers and adolescence
-After learning to support ncekroll lover,
movment of arms, when strength of torso
move forward using legs.
-development first starts on the torso,
develop arms and legs;reach out
objects;fingers and toes tend to develop last
: Children are unique; dont develop at the
same time
Introduction to Child Development (Berk
2013; eva essa; Gordon-history)
Knowledge in the field of Child
Development is derived from multiple
disciplines
: Education- How and what to teach children
of different ages?
: Health: What do they need for physical
growth and nutrition
: Social Service: How do they develop their
personality and social skills? Overtime, how
do these experiences affect them as adults?
: Parents: What are the best child-rearing
practices?
Domains of Develppment
The Physical Domain
: fine ( cutting, folding, writing ,tearing) and
gross motor skills(throwing a ball)hand
and muscle skills=
: includes changes in body size, proportion,
appearance, functions of body systems,
perceptual and motor capacities, and
physical health
Coginitive Domain
: includes changes in intellectual abilities;
attention span, memory, academic and
practical knowledge, problem solving,
imagination and creativity
: Language development

: transition to adulthood
Social and Emotion Domain
:interaction of the child intra and inter
-reporting by domain
Periods of Development
The prenatal period
: from conception to birth
: a period of rapid physical change
-show videos.
Infancy and Toddlerhood
: birth to two years
: Period of dramatic change across domains:
development of more complex physical
abilities, rapid language development, and
building relationship with others
: develop their senses; overwhelmed with all
the stimuli
: Exploration of true stimulus (no to
gadgets) because that is the foundation of
their knowledge
: learn the fastest
Early Childhood
: 2-6 years
: motor skills become more refined
: Make-believe play, though and language
devt
: More self-control and self-sufficiency;
morality emerges; more ties with peers
Middle Childhood
: 6-11 years
: learn how to be part of a larger
environment
: Mastery of responsibilities, morality,
relationships
: Development of athletic abilities
: Development of more logical though
processes, fundamental reading, writing, and
math skills
Adolescence
: 11-18 yrs

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

(DAP)
: meeting the children where they are and
enabling them to reach challenging but
achievable goals
: Teaching practices must be appropriate to
the childrens age, developmental status, and
to their unique social and cultural contexts
: Goals and experiences must be suited to
their learning and development and
challenging enough to promote progress and
interest
: Best practice is based on knowledge of
how children learn and develop
(Bredekamp and copple (2009)
12 DAP
: All domains of development are important
interrelated
: Development follows a sequence, with
later abilities, skills, and knowledge building
on those already acquired
: Development and learning proceed in
varying rates for each child
: Development and learning is a result of the
interaction of biological maturation and
experience (nature and nurture)
: Early experiences have profound effects.
Optimal periods exist for types
development.(learn how to manipulate)
: Development proceeds toward greater
complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic
capacities
: Children develop best when they have
secure consistent relationships with
responsive adults and opportunities for
positive relationship with peers
: Development and learning occur in
multiple social and cultural contexts
: Children learn in a variety of ways They
need a wide range of teaching strategies
: Play is an important vehicle for developing
self-regulation, language, cognition, and
social competence

: Development and learning advance when

children are challenged to achieve at a level
beyond their current mastery, and also when
they have many opportunities to practice
newly acquired skills
: Childrens experience shape their
motivation and approaches to learning, such

as persistence initiative, and flexibility, In

turn these dispositions and behaviours affect
their learning and development
Methods of studying children(syllabus)
Developmental characteristics (prenatal)