Chem 122/6 Spring 2014

Common 2

1.

Which of the acids in the table is the

weakest acid?
(a) HF
The smaller the K,
(b) HI
the weaker the acid.
(c) HCN
(d) FCH2COOH
(e) HCOOH

2.

You have a 0.22 M solution of each of

the following compounds. Which
solution has the highest pH?
The weakest acid has the strongest conjugate base, that is,
(a) NaF
(b) KI
it is most basic or has the highest pH.
(c) NaCN
Na , K , and Li are irrelevant because they are neutral ions.
(d) LiFCH2COO
(e) NaHCOO

3.

0.5 mol HBr are dissolved in enough water to make 0.40 L of solution. What is the pH? (The Ka for HBr
is about 1.3 x106.)
HBr is one of the strong acids meaning Ka is large and the HBr molecules
(a) -0.10
essentially completely dissociate into ions. Giving the Ka for HBr is not
(b) 0.10
necessary and may even confuse those who have not memorized the strong acids.
(c) 1.10
(d) 0.30
0.5mol

1.25M ; pH log 1.25 0.10

(e) none of the above H
0.4 L

4.

The pH of a nitric acid, HNO3, solution is 4.7. Which answer is closest to the nitrate ion concentration?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

5.

NO3 H 10 pH 104.7 2.00 x105 M

70. mL of 0.50 M HCl is added to 140 mL of water in a 0.5 L flask. What is the pH?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

6.

9 x 10-3 M
2 x 10-2 M
1 x x 10-5 M
2 x 10-5 M
4 x 10-5 M

1.15
0.60
0.31
-0.31
0.78

0.5M 70mL
x
0.167;
1
210mL

pH log 0.167 0.78;

A 4.5 M solution of concentrated NaOH is used to prepare 250 mL of 0.18 M NaOH. About what volume
of concentrated NaOH is needed?
(a) 2 mL
(b) 10 mL
0.18mol NaOH 0.25L 1L NaOH
x
x
0.01L 10mL
(c) 30 mL
L
1
4.5mol
(d) 70 mL
(e) 100 mL

Chem 122/6 Spring 2014

7.

Common 2

A 3x10-4 M aqueous solution of a weak acid, HB, has a pH of 4.00. What is the approximate Ka, the aciddissociation constant, for HB? (HB is some unknown weak acid. Its actual composition is irrelevant for
solving the problem.)
HB aq H 2O l H 3O aq B aq
(a) 1x10-5 M
I
3x104 M 0
0
(b) 3x10-5 M

(c) 5.x10-5 M

-x
4

(d) 7 x10-5 M

3x10 -x

+x

+x

(e) 1 x10-4 M

H B 104 M
Ka = =
5 x105 M
4
2 x10 M
HB

x B H 10 pH 104 M

HB 3x104 1x104 2 x104 M

8.

What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a 0.30 M HF? Ka = 6.76 x 10-4 M.

a. 0.026 M

HF aq H 2O aq H 3O aq F ag

b. 0.022 M
c. 0.018 M

I 0.30 M

d. 0.014M

C -x

e. 0.010 M

9.

E 0.30-x

~0

+x

+x

H 3O F
x2
Ka ;
6.76 x104 ; x 6.76 x104 0.30 0 0.014 M
0.30 x
HF

What is the pH of a solution formed by mixing 14 mL of 0.040 M HBr and 15 mL of 0.050 M KOH?
(a) 2.18

(b) 11.82

(c) 0.72

0.04mol 14mL
mmol H
x
0.56mmol
L
1
0.05mol 15mL
mmol OH
x
0.75mmol
L
1

(d) 13.28

(e) None of the previous

H aq OH aq H 2O l
I 0.56
C -0.56
E
0

0.75
-0.56
0.19

(b) NH3

(c) LiF

(d) KBr

0.19mmol
0.00655M
29mL

pOH log 0.00655 2.18

pH 14 pOH 11.82

10. Which of the following compounds forms a neutral solution, that is, pH =7?
(a) NH4Cl

OH

(e) AlI3

Chem 122/6 Spring 2014

Common 2

11. Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?

(a) AlBr3
(b) (NH4)2CO3
(c) NiS
(d) NaOH

(e) HCl

12. Calculate the pH of a solution which is 0.1 M HCl, 0.3 M HCN, and 0.05 M HNO3?

H 0.1 0.05 0.15M Strong acid approximation

pH =-log 0.15 0.82

(a) 1.00
(b) 0.82
(c) 0.40
(d) 0.35
(e) 0.46

13. Calculate the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 100mL of 0.6 M in HCOOH and 50 mL of 0.3 M
NaHCOO. (HCOOH: Ka = 1.78 x 10-4 M)
(a) 3.45

100mL
50mL
0.4M ; B 0.3M x
0.1M
150mL
150mL
pK a =-log 1.78 x104 3.75

HB 0.6M x

(b) 3.75
(c) 4.05

B
0.1
pH pK a log 3.75 log
3.15
Hb
0.4

(d) 4.35
(e) 3.15

14. 10. mL of 0.50 M HNO3 is added to 100. mL of 0.40 M HF and 0.30 M KF. Which species neutralizes the
nitric acid?
(a) F-

(b) K+

(c) HF

(d) H2O

(e) OH- from auto-dissociation of water

15. What is the pH of the solution in problem 14? HF: Ka = 6.76 x 10-4 M and pKa =3.17. By the way, one
would never do this routinely--the F- ion is too dangerous.
H 3O aq F aq H 2O l HF aq
(a) 2.97
(b) 2.91
(c) 3.33
(d) 3.43
(e) None of the above

I
C
E

5 mmol
-5
0

30 mmol
-5
25

40 mmol
+5
45

B
25
pH pK a log
3.17 log 2.91
Hb
45

Chem 126 Common 2 Spring 2014

16. Which statement is false.

(a) A buffer solution cannot be made with a strong acid and its conjugate base.
(b) A buffer solution can be prepared using a weak acid and a strong base.
(c) A buffer's capacity is determined by its volume.

A buffer's capacity is determined by the

(d) pH indicators are very dilute buffer solutions.

number of moles of weak acid and its

conjugate base, i.e., concentration times

(e) If all the above are correct, select e.

volume.
17. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction?

H 3O aq NH 3 aq

(a) 1.75x109

NH 4 aq H 2O l K ?

given

(b) 1.75x1019

NH 3 aq H 2O l

(c) 5.71x104

2 H 2O l

(d) 5.71x1010

NH 3 aq H 2O l

(e) 5.71x10

and

H 3O aq OH aq K w 1.0 x1014

H 3O aq OH aq

18

NH 4 aq OH aq K b 1.75x105

NH 4 aq OH aq K b 1.75x105

and

2 H 2O l 1/K w 1.0 x1014

These reactions add to the desired reaction. So, K K a /K w 1.75 x109.

Note, the large value of K means the reaction essentially goes to completion.
This is why reactions of a weak base plus a strong acid are usually written:
H 3O aq NH 3 aq NH 4 aq H 2O aq

18. H3B is a hypothetical triprotic acid. When Na2HB is dissolved in water, is the solution acidic or basic and
why?
(a) acidic because Ka =10-6, Kb=10-8

H 3 B aq H 2O aq

(b) basic because Ka =10-7, Kb=10-6

H 2 B aq H 2O aq

H 3O aq HB 2 aq K a 2 107 M

(c) basic because Ka =10-7, Kb=10-5

HB 2 aq H 2O aq

H 3O aq B 3 aq K a 3 109 M

(d) basic because Ka =10-9, Kb=10-5

-9

(e) basic because Ka =10 , Kb=10

-7

H 3O aq H 2 B aq K a1 106 M

HB2 is the acid for K a 3 .

HB2 is the conjugate base for K a 2 ; K b =

K w 1014
=
.
K a 2 107

19. 0.05 M HCN is titrated with 0.1 M NaOH. At the equivalence point, which species has the largest
concentration?
(a) HCN

The acid is neutralized by the base. So both, H and OH concentrations

(b) CN-

are small. In the process CN is produced as the HCN is used up.

So, its concentration is large.

(c) H+
(d) OH-

Chem 126 Common 2 Spring 2014

20. BONUS. Which of the following does not increase the percent dissociation for a solution of Hydrocyanic
acid, HCN?
HCN aq H 2O l
H3O aq CN aq
(a) Adding LiBr
(b) Adding Fe(NO3)3 (dominate effect: the complex ion Fe(CN)64- is formed)
(c) Adding ZnBr2 (Zn(CN)2 is insoluble)

LiBr has no effect. By Le Chatelier's principle,

(d) Adding NaOH
(e) Adding water (diluting the acid)

the rest increase the % dissociation.

Chem 126 Common 2 Spring 2014

PART II PROBLEMS (24POINTS)

(1a) (2 PTS) 60.0 ml of a formic acid, HCOOH, are titrated with 0.100 M KOH. What is the neutralization
reaction? Ka = 1.78x10-4M; pKa =3.75 HCOOH aq OH aq H O aq HCOO aq or

2
HCOOH aq KOH aq H 2O aq KHCOO aq

(1b) (2 PTS) It takes 35 mL of KOH to reach the equivalence point (to neutralize all of the acid). What was
the initial concentration of HCOOH?

0.1mol NaOH 35mL 1mol HCOOH

3.5mmol HCOOH
x
x
3.5mmol HCOOH ;
0.058M HCOOH
L
1
1mol NaOH
60mL
______________________________
Again, 60.0 ml of a formic acid, HCOOH are titrated with 0.100 M KOH. This time, however, the initial
formic acid concentration is 0.0800 M. (This way students can miss 1b and still get credit for answer 1c and
1d.)
(1c) (4 PTS) After a total of 20.0 mL of base are added to the initial formic acid solution, what is the pH?

0.08mol 60mL
0.1mol 20mL
x
4.8mmol ;
mmol base
x
2mmol
L
1
L
1
HCOOH aq OH aq H 2O aq HCOO aq

mmol acid

4.8

C
E

-2
2.8

-2
0

0
+2
2

HCOO
3.75 log 2mmol 3.60
pH pK a log

HCOOH
2.8mmol

(1d) (4 PTS) After a total of 70.0 mL of base are added to the initial formic acid solution, what is the pH?

0.08mol 60mL
0.1mol 70mL
x
4.8mmol ;
mmol base
x
7mmol
L
1
L
1
HCOOH aq OH aq H 2O aq HCOO aq

mmol acid

I
C

4.8
-4.8

7.0
-4.8

2.2

0
+4.8
4.8

2.2mmol
Use strong base approximation. OH
0.0169 M ; pOH log 0.0169 1.77
130mL
pH 14 pOH 12.23

Chem 126 Common 2 Spring 2014

2. Three independent problems.

(a1) (3 PTS) The solubility product constant, Ksp, of Ca(OH)2 is 5.0 x10-6 M3. 10 mL of 0.090 M Ca(NO3)2 is
added to 70. mL of a concentrated buffer solution having a pH of 11.00. What is Q? Careful.

10
Ca 2 Ca NO3 2 0.09M x 0.011M ;
80

pOH 14 11 3; OH 10 pH 10 3 M

Ca OH 2 s Ca 2 aq 2OH aq
I

103 M

0.011M

Q Ca 2 OH 0.011x 103 1.1x108 M 2

2

(a2) (1 PTS) In the last problem, does a precipitate form? Why? (No credit without proper justification--just a
few words.)
No, because Q Ksp .
(b) (4 PTS) You have a 100. mL solution of 0.30 M KC6H5O.. How many millimoles of phenol, C6H5OH, are
needed to prepare a solution with a pH of 10.50? Ka = 1x10-10.

mmol congugate base

0.3mol 100mL
x
30mmol
L
1

B
30
30
pH 10.50 pK a log
10 log ; log 0.5

x
x
HB
10

30
log
x

30
100.5 3.16; x 9.5mmol
x

(c) (4 PTS) Suppose for the reaction: 3BrO aq BrO3 aq 2Br aq that the initial concentration of
BrO is 0.67 M. Thirty five seconds later its concentration is 0.33 M. What is the average rate of change of the

Br concentration?
BrO

0.33 0.67 M
0.0097 M /s
t
35s

1 BrO 1 Br Br
2 BrO
2
rate of reaction

0.0097 0.0065Ms 1
3
t
2 t
t
3
t
3